CA1056075A - Degerminating bath water contaminated by the bacteria pseudomonas pyocanea - Google Patents
Degerminating bath water contaminated by the bacteria pseudomonas pyocaneaInfo
- Publication number
- CA1056075A CA1056075A CA247,906A CA247906A CA1056075A CA 1056075 A CA1056075 A CA 1056075A CA 247906 A CA247906 A CA 247906A CA 1056075 A CA1056075 A CA 1056075A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- ozonizer
- water
- tub
- filter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
- C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
- C02F1/766—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens by means of halogens other than chlorine or of halogenated compounds containing halogen other than chlorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/026—Treating water for medical or cosmetic purposes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/78—Details relating to ozone treatment devices
- C02F2201/782—Ozone generators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/78—Details relating to ozone treatment devices
- C02F2201/784—Diffusers or nozzles for ozonation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/152—Water filtration
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A bath water treating system in which even higly resistant germs may be destroyed by treating the bath water with ozone and a halogen compound such as bromine or hydrobromic acid to establish a redox potential in excess of 600 mV. The bath water is recycled through a quartz type filter loaded with a composite filtering medium. The filtering medium comprises two superposed layers, a lower layer consisting of a mixture of filter gravel and mineralized charcoal, and an upper layer of activated charcoal. A halogen or halogen compound is adsorbed in the charcoal layer. An ozone generator is mounted within the filter housing. The bath-tub assembly comprises a cabinet in which are mounted a bath-tub, a filtering and degerminating unit and the respective accessories and controls. The ozonizer is removably mounted within the filter housing and includes a mixing chamber and check valve.
Description
10560'7~
- The present invention relates to a method of treating and degerminating bath water, particularly bath water contaminated by the germ bacteria pseudomonas pyo-cyanea, in medical tub-baths and underwater massage baths, and to a bath-tub assembly therefor.
The problems associated with the multiple usage of the bath water in large-sized bath--tubs for medical bath treatment cannot be solved satisfactorily by hereto-fore known apparatus. This deficiency may be attributed to the fact that the water in bath-tubs employed for therapeutic~l treatments tends to become more strongly con-taminated than for example the water of public swimming pools. In medical baths the contamination of the bath water caused by a single bathing person is generally con-sidered to be incLeased by a factor of 4 over the valuesencountered in public swimming pools. Additionally, under-water massage treatment by water jets causes a fulling of the patient's skin, with the result of an increased scaling off of epithelial tissues. The water jets likewise set free more bacteria th~t may be lodged in pores of the skin and at hair root openings and at many other locations across the surface of the skin. Another factor is that therapeut-ical bath treatment is predominantly carried out in hospitals and on bed patients so that the aspects of success of bath water purification and disinfectinq treatment appear to be rather vague. It is generally known that with an increased period of stay in a hospital the germ flora of a patient's sking is greatly increased or respectively modi-fied. Apathogenic germs may be displaced in certain skin regions by pathogenic germs, without leading to an infection.
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With the multiple usage of bath wa-ter, these germs may become infectious and therefore constitute a potential risk to the patients who subsequently use the same bath water.
Various types of heretofore known water treatment plants allow the purification of bath water to a degreP at which multiple bath water usage appears possible. In here-tofore known water treatment devices for underwater jet massage bath tubs the filter medium consists of diatomac-eous earth. Filters of this type, however, remove only relatively coarse impurities from the water. The disinfection of water by chlorine addititives in combination with filters of this type may only be achieved by adding a much higher quantitity of chlorine than for example in public baths.
Neither the patients nor the attendants may be expected to put up with high chlorine concentrations. The addition of quaternary ammonium compounds as a disinfectant is out of the question because quaternary ammonium compounds lead to excessive foaming in underwater massages by water jets.
Another reason i~ that quaternary ammonium compounds may not be employed in combination with diatomaceous earth filters.
A complete disinfection of the bathing water in medical baths is in many cases not possible because the water is quite often mixed with substances that are intended to impro~e upon the therapeutical effects. When employing chlorine, the amount of disinfectant used is dependent upon the quantity of organic matter contained in the water.
Therefore the disinEection cannot be obtained by chlorine for the above stated reasons. When employing a low chlorine 1056~75 concentration, this low concentration will be insufficient for destroying certain types of germs. Furthermore it has to be considel-ed that the addition of chlorine necessarily re-quires precise metering of the actual amounts of chlorine S added so that expensive and complicated chlorine metering devices must be used.
In contrast to conventional swimming pools, a massage bath is characterized by a rather small body of water of e~g. 400 liters (106 gallons), and this small body of water must be recycled once every three to four minutes.
Another drawback in a massage bath is the excessive germ input, due to the facts that the patients are mostly of high age, sick or bedridden and the hard massaging water jet detaches more skin particles and may also enter body orifices.
Heretofore known water treatment plants allow to arrive at only partly degerminated conditions. A particularly re-sistent germ is the germ bact. pseudomonas pyocyanea which i5 particularly dreaded. This germ comprises a gel envelope and is therefore highly resistant. Heretofore known water treatment plants are ineffective in removing this germ from bath water. This germ thrives particularly well in oxygen rich environments. With hereto-fore known water treatment plants, there will always be encountered very high germ numbers. The presently considered permissible thre,shold level for germ numbers is 120 germs per cubic centimeter in medical baths.
It is, therefore, the object of the present in-; vention to provide a method of treating and degerminating : bath water, particularly bath water contaminated by the germ bact. pseudomonas pyocyanea, in medical tub-baths and .
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underwater massage baths, which method allows to arrive at germ numbers zero in medical baths, and to eliminate any germs of the highly resistent germ bact. pseudomonas pyocyanea.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved self-contained bath tub assembly.
In accordance with the presènt invention, there is now proposed a method of treating and degerminating bath water comprisiny the steps of continuously passing the bath water containing contaminations and germs through a two-layer filter assembly charged with bromine or hydrobromic acid respectively, the filter assembly including an inferior layer consisting of a mixture of filter gravel and mineral-ized cllarcoal~ and a superior layer consisting of fine grain activated charcoal, charging the bath water in an ozonizer disposed in an inlet region of said filter assembly with an ozone-containing gas whereby the bath water is utilized as a coolant for the ozonizer and is heated by the reaction heat produced by the ozonizer.
9y ozonizing the bath water and adding bromine or hydrobromic acid respectively, the redox potential may be increased t\ more than 650 millivolts, i.e. to provide a degerminating activity at which may be obtained germ numbers of zero, i.e. degerminated water.
For degerminating the bath water it will be sufficient to add once only an excess of hydrobromic acid such as for example one liter of 43~ hydrobromic acid on ; 20 vol. liters of activated char~coal in the filter assembly.
The charcoal filter readily absorbs almost all of the .
~,o56~75 bromine very quickly within fine capillaries and cracks of the filter charcoal granules. Surprisingly it was found that the large amount of ~romine added initially "disappears" but there will remain a sufficient supply of oxidizing bromine in the water process stream in order to sustain a redox potential between 600 to 700 millivolts, and to elimin~te the resistent germ bact. pseudomonas pyo-cyanea.
The charging of the charcoal filter with bromine or hydrobromic acid respectively may somehow be considered equivalent to establishing a bromine depot by a chemical mechanism more or less as follows: Subsequently to a bath treatment of a patient liable to germ input the bath water is purified until urea and the like contaminations are no longer present in the water. By continously discharging ozone gas into the water the available bromine is oxidized.
This process continues until an excess of ozone commences to be formed. ~t this stage, the ozone reacts with the activated characoal in forming carbon dioxide. Thus carbon is actually burnt whereby more bromine of the bromine supply in the char~coal is released, and this constitutes the decisive effect. The bromine encapsulated in colloidal matter and flushed out during the daily filter backwashing operation and the bromine contained in the water are removed together with the water when discharging the bath water filling and replacing the same by a fresh water filling will continously be replaced by fresh bromine.
The method of the present invention allows in normal massage bath service to relatively quickly reestablish a desired level of about 650 millivolts for the redox 1056~7S
potential each time a patient has left the bath-tub. When reaching this level of potential, water samples taken are yerm-free. As an advanta~eous effect, the activated char-coal contributes to avoiding an excess of ozone in the bath water. Thls is highly desired and required since the maximum level of ozone in the water of medical baths may not exceed .1 PPM, and the maximum level of ozone in the air above the water or within the room may not exceed .01 PPM.
When finishing the daily bath program, the plant should be deactivated, in order to avoid unnecessary combustion of the charcoal filter and thereby the release of more bromine than is actually being required.
It was found to be particularly advantageous to employ a filter assembly including an inferior filter layer consisting of an intimate mixture of filter gravel in a grain size size range from .3 to .7 mms, and 25 volume liters of mineralized charcoal of a reduced chemical activity such as the product known by the trade name Hydro-Anthrasit A.
The superior filter layer may consist of 20 volume liters of a fine grain highly active activated charcoal such as the product known by the trade name Hydraffin LW.
By feeding an ozone-containg gas into the recycled bath water and employing a bromine-charged filter there will not be required any automatic metering devices for bromine or other chemicals. By this fact there are avoided all risks of addincJ chemicals at the wrong time or at an inappropriate ratio.
Since the recycled bath water is used simultan-eously as a coolant for the ozonizer that is disposed within the filter assembly, the bathing water may be kept -, ~
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continuously at a certain temperature because the reaction heat generated by the ozonizer main-tains the bathing water at the desired temperature over extended periods so that no separate heating circuit is required and heating costs are saved.
The invention furthermore provides a bath-tub assembly which is adapted particularly for medical bath applications such as tub-baths and underwater massage bath treatments. This bath tub assembly includes a bath water treating ~nd degerminating assembly adapted particularly to remove the germ bact. pseudomonas pyocyanea from the bath water. In a cabinet are mounted a bath tub body and a filter assembly. The filter assembly includes a filter housing with a two-layer filtering medium. The filtering ; 15 medium is charged with bromine or hydrobromic acid respect-ive:L~ and comprises a first inferior layer of a mixture of filter gravel and mineralized charcoal, and a second superior layer consisting of fine grain activated charcoal.
A feed line connects a lower portion of the filter housing with the bath tub. A return line connects an upper portion of the filter housing with the bath tub. A circulating pump is connected in the return line. An ozon~izer dispos-ed within the filter housing above the filtering medium contacts at its outer surface the bath water circulated through the filter housing whereby the ozonizer is efficient-ly cooled. On the ozonizer is mounted a mixing assembly ' with a nozzle head, and this assembly is connected to the water feed line.
The in-line ozonizer which forms an integral part of the treating and degerminating assembly eliminates the ' need for extended ozone transport paths and allows direct mixing of the ozone-containing gas at a maximum ozone concentration with the water whereby mixing takes place in an area which is highly suitable for injector type mix-ing. The ozonizer likewise does not require any specific cooling devices. All of the process heat generated within the ozonizer will be transmitted directly to the recycled bath water with an attendant saving in heating costs. The proposed water treating and degerminating assmbly may be installed together with the bath tub ~ody within a suitable cabinet whereby all parts of the assembly may already be mounted on an assembly line. All of the controls, mechanisms, monitoring devices and the like required for operation are ; installed and connected within the cabinet. The overall assembly thereEore constitutes a self-contained water treat- -ment plant including all of the required accessories. The treatment plant has minimum space requirements, is highly reliable, needs little maintenance and yields a high ozone output.
The ozonizer may include a plurality of outer electrodes in the form of solid cup-shaped annular discs of a heat conductive material, a plurality of annular discs of a ceramic material serving as dielectrics and a plurality of inner electrodes in the form of sheet metal discs. The outer and inner electrodes and the dielectric discs are stacked in a rigid compound. Between the ceramic discs and the inner electrodes are formed a plurality of discharge spaces permitting air flow in opposite radial directions altern~tely inwardly, i.e. toward the center or axis of the assembly, and outwardly, i.e away from the axis.
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lhe inner electrodes are spaced from the cera-mic discs by a plurality of intermediate small spacer members made of a resilient material and disposed in the space between adjacent facing surfaces of the electrodes and the ceramic discs. The inner electrodes are centered by centrally arranged plug-and-socket type mating members.
A high voltage bushing insulator with a gas inlet conduit and a gas line connector is arranged at one end of the ozonizer, and the nozzle head is arranged at the opposite end of the ozonizer.
A heretofore known ozonizer of a similar design is disclosed in the German patent 1,176,100. In this prior art ozonizer, the inner electrodes are mounted at their periphery. In contrast thereto, the ozonizer of the present invention is of a much simpler design, and the gas flow may ; be effected free of turbulence at the edge of the inner electrodes. The bushing insulator is mounted at one end of the ozonizer, and this ozonizer end concurrently defines a wall portion of the filter housing. This arrangement allows safe wiring between the high voltage source and the inner electrodes, and a convenient gas inlet connection.
The nozzle head which is mounted at the opposite end of the ozonizer discharges the ozone-containing gas directly into the water surrounding the ozonizer which is thereby cooled.
In ready-to-plug-in water treatment plants for smaller size bath tubs it is advantageous to mount the OZGniZer directly within the filter housing having as a ` filtering medium for example gravel. In this case, the ozonizer may be suspended from a horizontal cover plate of .~ , ~.... .. . . ,. ... . . . ... - . . - - . ..
the rilter housing, with the center line of the ozonizer being disposed vertically, the air feed line and a high voltage lead being conneGted to the upper end of the ozonizer, the nozzle head bein~ connected to the hottom end of the ozonizer, and the water feed line extends thr~ugh the filter housing cover plate at a location laterally spaced from the ozonizer, and a feed line portion inwardly of the cover plate being connected by a 180 connector to the lower end of the nozzle head. With such an arrangement, all parts are mounted at the cover plate of the housing and may be readily removed from the housing. The feed line extends into the housing up to the nozzle head, i.e. to a point at which the mixing of gas and water may be achieved most con-veniently.
For avoiding the entry of water into the ozonizer, there may be connected a check valve assembly between the internal cavity of the ozonizer and the nozzle head. The details of a particularly advantageous embodiment of such a check valve assembly are described further below. Apart from design details the present invention in principle proposes, in accordance with an important aspect thereof, to mount the check valve assembly and the nozzle head with-in a flow director body extending into the water feed line in a direction opposite the water feed direction, that the outer surface of the flow director body is shaped to define in combination with an outer member an upstream neck portion and a downstream annular space of a gradually increasing cross sectional area in the flow direction, and the nozzle ` orifices of the nozzle head open into the annular space i 30 in the vicinity of the narrowest cross sectional area. By '~
10~6075 an arrangement of -this type may be achieved the well known injector effect. The negative pressure generated within the feed water path favors the entry of the ozone-contain-ing gas into the water flow and the formation ~f a well mixed gas water emulsion. The forming of this emulsion is favored by high flow speeds and the reaction of the ozone with the su~stances contained in the water.
For further intensifying this mixing step, the invention furthermore proposes that the ozonizer includes at its lower end a bottom plate on which is mounted the nozzle head, a mixing trough connected to the lower end of the ozonizer, the mixing trough including a bottom wall spaced from and extending parallel to the bottom plate of the ozonizer, and a plurality of coaxially disposed aper-tured cylindrical baffles extending from the ozonizerbottom plate to the mixing trough bottom wall. The gas water mixture flowing in a radial outward direction has to pass through several baffles which are arranged one behind the other. These baffles consist of several coaxially arranged cylindrical tube sections having alternately upper and lower marginal cut-outs through which the water gas mixture may pass so that this mixture is deflected several times and further turbulences are produced. From the outer-most mixing cham~er the water gas mixture is discharged 2S into the filter housing and sweeps along the outer surface of the ozonizer.
In accordance with another feature of the present invention, the check valve assembly may comprise a diaphragm valve and downstream thereof a ball valve mounted in a central aperture of the diaphragm valve. Simple check , valv~s do not close tightly at the moment of flow reversal.
On the other hand it must be safely prevented that even traces of wa-ter may enter the ozonizer. This is being ensured by the above proposal. Despite oE a high spring bias and the thereby ensured safe seal at th~ seat of the diaphragm valve this valve is effectively prevented from osciLlating and stays in an open position even during pressure variations. This operation is due to the fact that the residual force exerted by the downstream ball valve mounted in the diaphragm valve resulting from the difference in aperture pressures is sufficiently high.
In accordance with a particularly suitable em-bodiment of a check valve assembly, the check valve assembly includes an elongate valve member having a longitudinal axial bore, a spring-biased ball valve mounted in the valve member, a guide bore in the flow director body and an ; annular diaphragm for translationally guiding the valve member, one end of the valve member axial bore defining an orifice portion, a spring engaging the valve member and urging the orifice portion against a sealing closure disc, and an abutment surface for delimiting the movements of the annular diaphragm in the opposite direction. An assembly of this type may readily be accommodated within a cone-I shaped flow director body so that the diaphragm would be adjacent the cone base, the valve member with the ball valve is located between the diaphragm and the apex of the cone, and the apex of the cone defines the nozzle head. The check valve assembly preferably consists of a replaceable assembly that is screw-mounted to one face ~f the ozonizer.
If it is desired to vary the negative pressure lOS607S
in the region in which the ozonized gas is being discharged into the water, then the outer member surrounding the flow director body and defining in combination with the same a neck portion in the flow conduit connected to the water supply line may be axially adiustable with respect to the flow director body. This arrangement is likewise advant-ageous insofar as one and the same flow director body may be used in water treatment plants of different capacities and the flow cross sectional areas may be adapted to in-dividual plants and local water supply pressures.
In the following, the present invention will bedescribed more in detail with reference to a preferred ~mbodiment shown in the appended drawings wherein FIGURE 1 is a schematical lateral view, partly in elevation and partly in section of a bath tub assembly for medical baths with integrated water treating and degerminat-ing plant;
FIGURE 2 is a schematical overall view of a bath water treating assembly, a gravel filter and an ozonizer mounted within the filter housing;
FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional . .
view of an ozonizer;
FIGURE 4 is an elevational view of plug-and-socket type connector members for electricallyconnecting and centering the inner electrodes of the ozonizer; and FIGURE 5 is a fragmentary longitudinal view of a check valve assembly with associated venturi tube.
~ s shown in FIG. 1, the bath tub assembly of the present invention for medical bath treatment includes a bath tub body 100 and a bath water treatiny and degerminat-' - .
~056~75 ing assembly 1 with an ozone generator or ozonizer 8, these parts being accommodated within a cabinet 101. The bath tub body 100 is connected in an upper region by an outlet line 26 to the bath water treating and degerminating assembly 1. In the outlet line 26 is connected a circulating pump 29. The bath water treating and degerminating assembly 1 is connected by a feed line 6 to a lower region of the bath tub body 100. The assembly 1 includes the ozonizer indicated generally by reference numeral 8.
Referring to FIG. 2, the assembly 1 for treating and degerminating bath water includes a fil~er housing 1' defining an internal cavity about half of which is filled with quartz gravel 2. Within the quartz gravel filling is embedded a so-called filter star 3. This filter star 3 consists of a central manifold 4 with several radially projecting tube sections 5 in a star-shaped configuration.
The tube sections 5 are closed at their free outer ends and include a large number of small bores. The manifold 4 is connected to the feed line 6 which extends through the bottom of the filter housing 1'. At its upper end, the filter housing 1' is closed by a flat cover plate 7 to the inner surface of which is mounted the ozonizer 8 so that the major portion of the latter is submerged in the water.
The ozonizer 8 consists of an assembly of annular discs.
The upper surface of the water level 9 as shown may be controlled by means of a vent valve 10. The vent valve 10 includes a float whch opens the valve when the water level drops and closes the valve when the water level rises beyond the set level.
- 30 The filter 2 consists of two different layers.
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An inferior layer 2a consists of a mixture of filter gravel and mineralized charcoal of a reduced activity, whereas the superior layer 2b consists of fine grain activated charcoal. The filter 2 is charged with bromine or hydro-bromic acid respectively. The filter 2 is mixed oniy oncewith an excess of hydrobromic acid, e.g. 1 liter of 43 %
hydrobromic acid on 20 volume liters of activated charcoal in the filter. This ratio maynitude is important. The charcoal filter readily absorbs almost all of the bromine whereby the bromine enters into the fine capillaries and cracks of the charcoal grains. The large amounts of bromine absorbed by the filter cannot become effective; there will remain enough potentially oxidating bromine in the circuit to sustain a redox potential of between 600 to 7Oo milli-volts at which complete degermination is effected.
The diameter of the filter housing 1' may pre-ferably be selected at 450 mms, and the capacity of the housing at about 150 liters. The inferior filter layer 2a con~ists of an intimate mixture of S0 volume liters of filter gravel in a grain range from .3 to .7 mms and 25 volume liters of a product known by the trade name Hydro-Anthrasit A which is a mineralized charcoal of reduced chemical activity. The superior filter layer 2a consists of 20 volume liters of a product known by the trade name ~Iydraffin LW which is a Eine grain higly efficient activ-ated charcoal. The bromine depot which is provided init-ially by adding a sufficient quantity of hydrobromic acid will be effective for about 500 bath tub charges. Assuming that the bath tub is filled with fresh water daily, this original bromine depot will cover the bromine requirements 1L~56075 for a full calender year, at a very high safety factor.
Tests have shown, however, that more ~romine is required since 10 kg of activated charcoal have the capacity of absorbing 7.5 kg of iodine. The absorbance for bromine is in the same order of magnitude as for iodine.
A feed line section 11 is mounted in the cover plate 7 and sealed thereagainst. The free end of the feed line section 11 disposed within the internal cavity of the filter housing 1' is provided with a quick-release pipe joint 12 and conne~ted thereby to a knee 13. The knee 13 is connected by a connector piece 14 and another knee 15 to a venturi tube 16 that opens into a mixing trough 17 which is mounted at the lower end of the ozonizer 8.
~urther details will be given below in combination with the description of the other Figures. All of the components mounted on the cover plate 7 are connected to the filter housing 1' by the cover plate 7 and may be removed simply therefrom by removing the cover plate. The pipe joint 12 allows to disconnect the feed line in an axial direction so that the mixing trough 17 may be dismantled from the ozonizer 8 together with the 180 tube bend.
A bushing insulator 18 mounted at the other end of the ozonizer 8 serves to supply ir for ozonization and electrical energy to the ozonizer. Toward this end, an air feed line 19 is connected to the bushing insulator 18 by a pipe joint 20. The air supply has previausly been dried in an air drying assembly 21. A high voltage trans-former 22 is connected as follows: The secondary winding is connected by one terminal to a shaft portion 23 of a conductor bolt extending through the bushing insulator 18, ` ' and by the second terminal to the cover plate 7. The annular disc-shaped outer electrodes of the ozonizer 8 are conductively connected to the cover plate 7 by their mutual contact surfaces. The interior end of the con-ductor bolt is conductively connected to the i~ner elec-trodes which are not shown in FIG. 2. The high voltage transformer 22 may also ~e mounted directly on the upper surface of the cover plate 7.
The filter star 3 of the filter housing 1' is connected by the llne 6 to one port of a servo-controlled three-way valve 24. Another port of the valve is connected by a line 25 to the bath-tub body 100, and the third port of this valve is connected by a line to the feed line 26 connected to the bath-tub on the one hand and to a second servo-controlled three-way valve 27 on the other hand. One of the other two ports of this three-way valve 27 is connect-ed by a line 28 to a waste water conduit. 'rhe third port of this valve 27 is connected by the feed line 11 to the filter housing 1'. A pump 29 with a downstream coarse filter is connected in the line 26 between the bath-tub 100 and the valves.
In FIG. 3, the ozonizer 8 is shown in approximate-ly natural size. The cover plate 7 is provided with a threaded aperture for screw-mounting the bushing insulator 18. Above its threaded portion, the bushing insulator 18 defines a portion of increased diameter forming an out-i wardly directed shoulder at which the insulator is sealed against the cover plate 7 by means of an O-ring gasket 30 mounted in a suitable annular groove as shown. At its upper end, the bushing insulator 18 comprises a central - 18 - ;
;
cylindrical extension 31 of reduced diameter provided with a bore. ~ conductor bolt extends through this bore. The conductor bolt com~rises the above mentioned thin shaft portion 23, an enlarged diameter intermediate portion 32 and a downwar~ly projecting pin portion 33. The intermediate portion 32 and a major part of the pin portion 33 are received within an enlarged recess 34 of the central bore through the bushing insulator 18. The upper end of the shaft portion 23 is threaded, and nuts 35 engaging this threaded portion retain the conductor bolt within the insulator and serve as connecting means for the high voltage supply line. A radial bore 36 in the bushing insulator 18 communicates at its inner end with the enlarged recess 34 of the central bore, and is connected at its outer end to a screw socket. By this radial bore 36 air will enter the o~onizer 8.
The outer electrodes 37 are solid annular discs made of aluminium. ~ach disc is provided with a downwardly protruding peripheral rim portion 37a so that relatively flat spaces are defined between the overlying discs. The upper peripheral rim portion of these outer electrodes are recessed downwardly in defining peripheral recesses 37 mat-ing with the lower surface of a downwardly protruding peri-pheral rim portion 37a of an overlying outer electrode whereby the outer electrodes are automatically centered.
For improved cooling efficiency, each outer electrode is provided with a peripheral cooling rib 37c. In each space defined between outer electrodes is arranged a pair of glass plates 38 adjacent the electrode surfaces, and an inner electrode 39 made of stainless steel intermediate _.. .. . . .. .. . . .. . ~ . . ............ . . .
. ~ ,~ . , .
the pair of glass plates 38. The cover plate 7 is provid-ed at its inner surface with a ~orresponding recess for defining a space opposite the adjacent outer electrode 37.
The bottom plate 40 is of a somewhat larger diameter and carri.es at its outer periphery a sealing ring 40a. The outer periphery of the bottom plate 40 contacts the side wall 17a of the mixing trough 17, the botto~n wall of which is indicated at 17b.
The described disc members are stacked on top of each other. For tight stacking of these disc members, there are provided eigh-t threaded bolts 41 evenly distributed about the circumference of the discs. The threaded bolts 41 are at their upper ends in screw engegement with corresponding bores in the cover plate 7 and extend in their central portions through radial slots in the ribs 37c of the outer electrodes as well as through correspond-ing bores of the bottom plate 40 and the bottom wall 17b of the mixing trough 17. The lower ends of the threaded bolts 41 are threaded and engagedby nuts below the bottom plate 40 and below the bottom wall 17b. The internal cavity of the ozonizer i9 sealed by sealing rings 42 mount-ed in grooves and sealing between the outer electrodes 37.
FIG. 4 illustrates the electrically conductive connections between the inner electrodes 39, and the centering of inner electrode~ and glass plates 38. Each inner electrode 39 includes a central bore into which is mounted a cap screw 43. The cap screw is secured against the electrode by a nut 44. A screw portion extending beyond the nut 44 is devoid of a thread and defines a pin extension 43a that may be inserted into a mating bore 43b within the head end of an a~uttiny screw 43. The pin extensions 43a are surrounded by small coil springs 45 which will be compressed when inserting a pin extensi~n 43a into a mating bore 43b. The pin portion 33 of the conductor bolt engages a mating bore in the cap screw 43 of the uppermost inner electrode 39. The cap screw mounted in the lowermost electrode is not provided with a pin extension. The central bores in the glass plates 38 are of only a slightly larger diameter than the cap screws 43 and nuts 44 so that the inner electrodes 39 will be centered in a sufficiently precise manner.
When assembling the electrodes, several spacers 46 of a plastic material are inserted between the inner electrodes 39 and the glass plates 38 so that these spacers 46 are fairly evenly distributed about the circumference of the glass plates 3~. These spacers 46 provide even spacings between these discs, without obstructing radial gas flow.
Whereas the outer diameter of the glass plates 38 almost corresponds to the outer diameter of the spacings between the outer electrodes 37, the inner electrodes 39 are of a smaller diameter. This provides the advantage that the gas may flow evenly across the upper edges of the inner electrodes and will be smoothly deflected within the annular spaces surrounding the innex electrodes radially outwardly thereof.
As may be seen in FIG. 3, there is a flow director body 47 screw-mounted to the bottom plate 40 of the ozonizer.
The flow director body 47 is cone shaped and flares out-wardly into a flange at its upwardly disposed base. FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the flow director _ 21 , ~` :
10560'75 body. As may be seen, this body houses a check valve assembly and a nozzle head. The nozzle orifices 48 are disposed in the vicinity of the apex of the cone and serve to discharge the ozone-containing gas. The flow director body 47 is surrounded by the venturi tube 16 forming a terminal rnember of the water feed line and defining an internal restriction. The venturi tube 16 is mounted within the bottom wall 17b of the mixing trough 17. The annular space 50 defined by the venturi tube 16 and thc flow director body ~7 increases in cross se~tional area from a throat portion toward the interior cavity of the mixing trough 17, Four concentric coaxial cylindrical baffles 51 are mounted between the bottom plate 40 and the bottom wall 17b of the mixing trough. These baffles 51 are alternately provided with several upper and lower marginal cut-outs 52 for permitting radial flow whereby the flow will be redirected several times. The side wall 17a of the mixing trough is provided with several outlet ports 53 for discharging the water gas mixture into the interior cavity of the filter housing 1'. As shown in FIG. 2, the mixing trough 17 supports the flow director body 47 and the venturi tube 16 without the need of any additional support members extending through the annular space 50 and liable to obstruct the flow through this space.
FIG. 5 illustrates constructional details of the check valve ass~ll~ly and an adjustable venturi tube 54 which is modified with respect to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. The exteriorly visible parts of the check valve assembly are the flow director body 47 and a clamping disc 54 of the same outer diameter as the flange ~f the flow director body. These two parts ~lay be made of non-plasti-cized polyvinyl chloride and interconnected by six bolts 56 with the interposition of an annular diaphragm 57 made of fluorine caoutchouc. The interconnected parts are screw-mounted ~o the bottom plate 40 by means of six screw bolts 58 engaged by nuts, these bol~s being disposed along the same radius as the bolts 56.
The annular diaphragm 57 and the parts mounted thereto which will be described further below may move ; 10 freely within a pair of mirror shaped cylindrical recesses 59 and 60 in the clamping disc 55 and the flow director body 47 respectively. The lower surface of the recess 60 communicates with another recess 61 of a smaller diameter, and the lower surface of this recess 61 communicates with a guide bore 62 in the flow director body 47. At its lower end, the guide bore 62 is extended by another bore 63 of a still smaller diameter, and adjacen-t the lower end of this bore 63 there are disposed the three nozzle orifices 48 which extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the flow director body 47 and enclose mutual angles of 120~
The most important part oE the check valve assembly i.e. the so-called valve member comprises a central portion 62, a flange ring 65, a ball sleeve 66, a ball 67 and a ball biasing spring 68 mounted in the ball sleeve 66, and an another spring 69. The central portion 64 extends through the annular diaphragm 57 and engayes by a flange 64a the ` upper surface of this diaphragm. The central portion 65 includes a center bore 64b and defines at its upper end a projecting orifice portion 64c. The central portion 64 is . : -: .
.
provided with an external thread engaging a correspond-ing ir,terior thread of the ball sleeve 66. The upper end of the ball sleeve 66 carries a hexagon head 66a so that the diaphragm 57 may be clamped between the flange 64a and the flange ring 65. The ball sleeve 66 includes four lateral holes 66b and a longitudinal bore 66c and may move freely within the guide bore 62 because of clearance. The ball biasing spring 68 urges the ba]l 67 toward a valve seat formed at the lower end of the central portion 64.
The spring 69 seated in the recess 61 biases the valve member in an upward direction so that the orifice portion 64c will be urged against a closure disc 70 made of fluorine caoutchouc~ This closure disc 70 is mounted into the clamping disc 55. Several axially extending inlet bores 71 about a circle of the clamping disc 55 serve as passages for discharging ozone-containing gas from the ozonizer downwardly into the check valve assembly. ~ecause of the ~3gressive properties of the ozone gas all metal parts must be made of high-alloyed chrome nickel steel.
A short adapter 72 with an internal thread is welded to the bottom wall 17b of the mixing trough con-centrically of the flow director body 47, as may be seen in FIG. 5. The vel~turi tube 54 which may likewise be made of non-plasticized polyvinyl chloride is screw-mounted into the adapter 72 and sealed thereagainst by a sealing ring 73. The VentUrJ tube 54 includes a lower collar portion on which may rest by gravity a flange ring 74. The venturi tube 54 is connected to a water feed line 75 having a 3 flange threadedly connected to the flange ring 74.
The operation of the above described water treat-,~ , .
,~ - 24 ~ ~ .
..~
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1056075 `
ing and degerminating assembly is briefly as follows:
Thoroughl.y dried air is supplied by the air feed line 19 and through the radial bore 36 in the bushing insulator 18 into the ozonizer 8 and passes throuyh the enlarged recess 34 cf the through-bore into the first discharge space intermediate the uppermost glass plate 38 and the uppermost inner electrode 39. Within this discharge space, the air flows radially outwardly into the annular space between the two uppermost glass plates, i.e. into the space ~ :
which is disposed as seen in the radial direction outwardly of the uppermost inner electrode. Within this annular space the flow may equalize and different flow rates in circumferential direction may be compensated for if the flow resistence in the discharge space should vary. The air flows from this annular space through the next follow- ..
ing discharge space towards the center of the assembly and passes through the apertures in the second and third glass plates 38 into the third discharge space in which the air again flows outwardly. In this manner, the air becomes gradually loaded with ozone and arrives finally at the check valve assembly that is mounted within the flow director body 47 and normally in the open flow position.
From the check valve assembly, the ozone-containing qas is discharged through the nozzle orifices 48 into the ~ 25 annular space 50.
I In the filtering operation of the treating , assembly the water is recycled as follows: The water with-drawn from the bath tub body 100 through the outlet line 26 by the circulating pump 29 enters the three-way valve 27 ~, ~ 30 and is discharged from this valve through the feed line 11, ....
105607~
the knee 13, the connector piece 14 and the knee 15 into the venturi tube 16. The nozzle orifices 48 are disposed slightly above the throat portion, i.e. the narrowest cross sectional area. In a non-adjustable ven-turi tube (as in the embodiment shoT~n in Fig. 3) the nozzle orifices 48 may be spaced from the narrowest cross sectional area by about 1 mm. Due to the negative pressure at this minimum cross section the water readily absorbs the ozone-containing gas in forming a gas water emulsion. The baffles 51 promote further mixing of the components water and gas and enhance turbulence in the water. The ozone thereby reacts with the contaminations in the water. It has been found that this reaction is virtually complete, i.e. that only neglegibly small quantities of reactive ozone are measured 1S at the vent valve 10. The water settles within the filter housing 1' and penetrates the filter layers 2 and will ultimately enter the filter star ~. From the filter star 3 the water is discharged through the feed line 6 to the three-way valve 24 and passes through the line 25 back t~
the bath tub 100. The contaminations which have been con-! verted into particles that may be retained within the filter by the ozone will be caught within the filter.
` For filter backwashing operation the three-way valves 24 and 27 are actuated into a different position so that the water flow is reversed. The water then passes through the line 26 in an opposite direction, passes through the filter housing 1' and the three-way valve 27 and the line 28 to the sewer (not shown). During passage of the water flow, the ~uartz gravel 2 is loosened up so that the contaminations adhering to the gravel are detached and will ., .
~ - 26 be carried away by the water flow. Suitably, the ozone generation is stopped some time before corNmencing with the backwashing operation. The respective control operat-ions and the actuation of the three-way valves are per-formed automatically.
The operation oE the check valve assembly of FIG. 5 is as follows: In the drawing the two separate valves are shown in the closed position. When starting up the ozonizer and supplying compressed air to the same, this pressure is applied through the inlet bores 71 in the clamping disc S5 to the space defined by the recess 59 above the diaphragm 57. When increasing this pressure, the force acting on the diaphragm overcomes the force of the spring 69 so that the valve member is shifted downwardly whereby the orifice portion 64c is lifted away from the closure disc 70.
During this opening movement of the valve member the ball valve assembly 67, 68 remains in the closed posit-ion so that the space above the diaphragm remains pressur-ized. By this fact will be avoided resonant oscillations of the diaphragm which might be caused by continuous var-iations of the static pressure and corresponding variations of the dynamic pressure of the gas flow within the space 59. This is very important since otherwise the closure disc 70 and the diaphragm 57 would quickly wear out, due -to bouncing effects. Not until the pressure has increased to a level under which the flange ring 65 has been moved into its end position engaging the abutment surface of the recess 60, the ball 67 will yield to the applied pressure so that the ozone containing air may be discharged through ~ , , the center bore 64b and pass through the holes 66b into the recess 61 and from this recess 61 throuyh the clear-ance between the ball sleeve 66 and the guide bore 62 further downwardly. In a parallel flow path, the gas mixture flows about the outer surface of the ~all 67 and passes through the bore 66c downwardly. At the lower end of the flow director body 47 the gas mixture is discharged through the noz21e oririces 48 in-to the water in an area of maximum negative pressure, and the water will carry away the gas in an upward direction.
The flow resistance of the ball valve assembly 67, 68 for the gas mixture serves to maintain the dynamic pressure of the gas flow above the diaphragm 57 at a level that is sufEicient to maintain the valve member in its lower position and to maintain the orifice portion 64c in the open position while the ball itself oscillates, i.e.
moves upwardly and downwardly. If there should occur a sudden pressure drop within the ozonizer the ball valve immediately moves into its closing position. If due to the oscillations of the ball some drops of water should have entered the valve, these drops of water will not be of any harm because the orifice portion 64c engages slightly thereafter the closure disc 70, under the full force of i the spring 69. The force exerted by this spring is assisted by the water pressure acting on the diaphragm from below.
On the other hand, the negative pressure exist-ing at the nozzle orifices 48 assists the opening of the t , valves. This effect may be utilized to permit opening of the check valve assembly only during water flow conditions.
Toward this end, the compressor (not shown) for supplying :
~ , ,: , . . , ,.~ : : . :, - . - , :, ,, .. .. ~. :
` 1056075 compressed air to the ozonizer 8 may not supply more than a predetermined maximum pressure,or a relief valve must be connected at the input of the ozonizer.
The invention is not intended to be restricted to the above described embodiments as shown in the appended drawings. It is considered to be within the scope of the present invention to employ modified types of filters and a different arrangement of the ozonizer as well as to arrange these in a different manner within the cabinet.
The filter housing containing the ozonizer may of course liXewise be releasably connected such as e.g. by flange connectors to the bath tub body. Instead of bromine or hydrobromic acid respectively the filter may likewise be charged with iodine or suitable iodine compounds, or any other suitable compound producing similar effects.
.
- The present invention relates to a method of treating and degerminating bath water, particularly bath water contaminated by the germ bacteria pseudomonas pyo-cyanea, in medical tub-baths and underwater massage baths, and to a bath-tub assembly therefor.
The problems associated with the multiple usage of the bath water in large-sized bath--tubs for medical bath treatment cannot be solved satisfactorily by hereto-fore known apparatus. This deficiency may be attributed to the fact that the water in bath-tubs employed for therapeutic~l treatments tends to become more strongly con-taminated than for example the water of public swimming pools. In medical baths the contamination of the bath water caused by a single bathing person is generally con-sidered to be incLeased by a factor of 4 over the valuesencountered in public swimming pools. Additionally, under-water massage treatment by water jets causes a fulling of the patient's skin, with the result of an increased scaling off of epithelial tissues. The water jets likewise set free more bacteria th~t may be lodged in pores of the skin and at hair root openings and at many other locations across the surface of the skin. Another factor is that therapeut-ical bath treatment is predominantly carried out in hospitals and on bed patients so that the aspects of success of bath water purification and disinfectinq treatment appear to be rather vague. It is generally known that with an increased period of stay in a hospital the germ flora of a patient's sking is greatly increased or respectively modi-fied. Apathogenic germs may be displaced in certain skin regions by pathogenic germs, without leading to an infection.
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10~607S
With the multiple usage of bath wa-ter, these germs may become infectious and therefore constitute a potential risk to the patients who subsequently use the same bath water.
Various types of heretofore known water treatment plants allow the purification of bath water to a degreP at which multiple bath water usage appears possible. In here-tofore known water treatment devices for underwater jet massage bath tubs the filter medium consists of diatomac-eous earth. Filters of this type, however, remove only relatively coarse impurities from the water. The disinfection of water by chlorine addititives in combination with filters of this type may only be achieved by adding a much higher quantitity of chlorine than for example in public baths.
Neither the patients nor the attendants may be expected to put up with high chlorine concentrations. The addition of quaternary ammonium compounds as a disinfectant is out of the question because quaternary ammonium compounds lead to excessive foaming in underwater massages by water jets.
Another reason i~ that quaternary ammonium compounds may not be employed in combination with diatomaceous earth filters.
A complete disinfection of the bathing water in medical baths is in many cases not possible because the water is quite often mixed with substances that are intended to impro~e upon the therapeutical effects. When employing chlorine, the amount of disinfectant used is dependent upon the quantity of organic matter contained in the water.
Therefore the disinEection cannot be obtained by chlorine for the above stated reasons. When employing a low chlorine 1056~75 concentration, this low concentration will be insufficient for destroying certain types of germs. Furthermore it has to be considel-ed that the addition of chlorine necessarily re-quires precise metering of the actual amounts of chlorine S added so that expensive and complicated chlorine metering devices must be used.
In contrast to conventional swimming pools, a massage bath is characterized by a rather small body of water of e~g. 400 liters (106 gallons), and this small body of water must be recycled once every three to four minutes.
Another drawback in a massage bath is the excessive germ input, due to the facts that the patients are mostly of high age, sick or bedridden and the hard massaging water jet detaches more skin particles and may also enter body orifices.
Heretofore known water treatment plants allow to arrive at only partly degerminated conditions. A particularly re-sistent germ is the germ bact. pseudomonas pyocyanea which i5 particularly dreaded. This germ comprises a gel envelope and is therefore highly resistant. Heretofore known water treatment plants are ineffective in removing this germ from bath water. This germ thrives particularly well in oxygen rich environments. With hereto-fore known water treatment plants, there will always be encountered very high germ numbers. The presently considered permissible thre,shold level for germ numbers is 120 germs per cubic centimeter in medical baths.
It is, therefore, the object of the present in-; vention to provide a method of treating and degerminating : bath water, particularly bath water contaminated by the germ bact. pseudomonas pyocyanea, in medical tub-baths and .
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lQ5607~
underwater massage baths, which method allows to arrive at germ numbers zero in medical baths, and to eliminate any germs of the highly resistent germ bact. pseudomonas pyocyanea.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved self-contained bath tub assembly.
In accordance with the presènt invention, there is now proposed a method of treating and degerminating bath water comprisiny the steps of continuously passing the bath water containing contaminations and germs through a two-layer filter assembly charged with bromine or hydrobromic acid respectively, the filter assembly including an inferior layer consisting of a mixture of filter gravel and mineral-ized cllarcoal~ and a superior layer consisting of fine grain activated charcoal, charging the bath water in an ozonizer disposed in an inlet region of said filter assembly with an ozone-containing gas whereby the bath water is utilized as a coolant for the ozonizer and is heated by the reaction heat produced by the ozonizer.
9y ozonizing the bath water and adding bromine or hydrobromic acid respectively, the redox potential may be increased t\ more than 650 millivolts, i.e. to provide a degerminating activity at which may be obtained germ numbers of zero, i.e. degerminated water.
For degerminating the bath water it will be sufficient to add once only an excess of hydrobromic acid such as for example one liter of 43~ hydrobromic acid on ; 20 vol. liters of activated char~coal in the filter assembly.
The charcoal filter readily absorbs almost all of the .
~,o56~75 bromine very quickly within fine capillaries and cracks of the filter charcoal granules. Surprisingly it was found that the large amount of ~romine added initially "disappears" but there will remain a sufficient supply of oxidizing bromine in the water process stream in order to sustain a redox potential between 600 to 700 millivolts, and to elimin~te the resistent germ bact. pseudomonas pyo-cyanea.
The charging of the charcoal filter with bromine or hydrobromic acid respectively may somehow be considered equivalent to establishing a bromine depot by a chemical mechanism more or less as follows: Subsequently to a bath treatment of a patient liable to germ input the bath water is purified until urea and the like contaminations are no longer present in the water. By continously discharging ozone gas into the water the available bromine is oxidized.
This process continues until an excess of ozone commences to be formed. ~t this stage, the ozone reacts with the activated characoal in forming carbon dioxide. Thus carbon is actually burnt whereby more bromine of the bromine supply in the char~coal is released, and this constitutes the decisive effect. The bromine encapsulated in colloidal matter and flushed out during the daily filter backwashing operation and the bromine contained in the water are removed together with the water when discharging the bath water filling and replacing the same by a fresh water filling will continously be replaced by fresh bromine.
The method of the present invention allows in normal massage bath service to relatively quickly reestablish a desired level of about 650 millivolts for the redox 1056~7S
potential each time a patient has left the bath-tub. When reaching this level of potential, water samples taken are yerm-free. As an advanta~eous effect, the activated char-coal contributes to avoiding an excess of ozone in the bath water. Thls is highly desired and required since the maximum level of ozone in the water of medical baths may not exceed .1 PPM, and the maximum level of ozone in the air above the water or within the room may not exceed .01 PPM.
When finishing the daily bath program, the plant should be deactivated, in order to avoid unnecessary combustion of the charcoal filter and thereby the release of more bromine than is actually being required.
It was found to be particularly advantageous to employ a filter assembly including an inferior filter layer consisting of an intimate mixture of filter gravel in a grain size size range from .3 to .7 mms, and 25 volume liters of mineralized charcoal of a reduced chemical activity such as the product known by the trade name Hydro-Anthrasit A.
The superior filter layer may consist of 20 volume liters of a fine grain highly active activated charcoal such as the product known by the trade name Hydraffin LW.
By feeding an ozone-containg gas into the recycled bath water and employing a bromine-charged filter there will not be required any automatic metering devices for bromine or other chemicals. By this fact there are avoided all risks of addincJ chemicals at the wrong time or at an inappropriate ratio.
Since the recycled bath water is used simultan-eously as a coolant for the ozonizer that is disposed within the filter assembly, the bathing water may be kept -, ~
1(~5607S
continuously at a certain temperature because the reaction heat generated by the ozonizer main-tains the bathing water at the desired temperature over extended periods so that no separate heating circuit is required and heating costs are saved.
The invention furthermore provides a bath-tub assembly which is adapted particularly for medical bath applications such as tub-baths and underwater massage bath treatments. This bath tub assembly includes a bath water treating ~nd degerminating assembly adapted particularly to remove the germ bact. pseudomonas pyocyanea from the bath water. In a cabinet are mounted a bath tub body and a filter assembly. The filter assembly includes a filter housing with a two-layer filtering medium. The filtering ; 15 medium is charged with bromine or hydrobromic acid respect-ive:L~ and comprises a first inferior layer of a mixture of filter gravel and mineralized charcoal, and a second superior layer consisting of fine grain activated charcoal.
A feed line connects a lower portion of the filter housing with the bath tub. A return line connects an upper portion of the filter housing with the bath tub. A circulating pump is connected in the return line. An ozon~izer dispos-ed within the filter housing above the filtering medium contacts at its outer surface the bath water circulated through the filter housing whereby the ozonizer is efficient-ly cooled. On the ozonizer is mounted a mixing assembly ' with a nozzle head, and this assembly is connected to the water feed line.
The in-line ozonizer which forms an integral part of the treating and degerminating assembly eliminates the ' need for extended ozone transport paths and allows direct mixing of the ozone-containing gas at a maximum ozone concentration with the water whereby mixing takes place in an area which is highly suitable for injector type mix-ing. The ozonizer likewise does not require any specific cooling devices. All of the process heat generated within the ozonizer will be transmitted directly to the recycled bath water with an attendant saving in heating costs. The proposed water treating and degerminating assmbly may be installed together with the bath tub ~ody within a suitable cabinet whereby all parts of the assembly may already be mounted on an assembly line. All of the controls, mechanisms, monitoring devices and the like required for operation are ; installed and connected within the cabinet. The overall assembly thereEore constitutes a self-contained water treat- -ment plant including all of the required accessories. The treatment plant has minimum space requirements, is highly reliable, needs little maintenance and yields a high ozone output.
The ozonizer may include a plurality of outer electrodes in the form of solid cup-shaped annular discs of a heat conductive material, a plurality of annular discs of a ceramic material serving as dielectrics and a plurality of inner electrodes in the form of sheet metal discs. The outer and inner electrodes and the dielectric discs are stacked in a rigid compound. Between the ceramic discs and the inner electrodes are formed a plurality of discharge spaces permitting air flow in opposite radial directions altern~tely inwardly, i.e. toward the center or axis of the assembly, and outwardly, i.e away from the axis.
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~05~7~
lhe inner electrodes are spaced from the cera-mic discs by a plurality of intermediate small spacer members made of a resilient material and disposed in the space between adjacent facing surfaces of the electrodes and the ceramic discs. The inner electrodes are centered by centrally arranged plug-and-socket type mating members.
A high voltage bushing insulator with a gas inlet conduit and a gas line connector is arranged at one end of the ozonizer, and the nozzle head is arranged at the opposite end of the ozonizer.
A heretofore known ozonizer of a similar design is disclosed in the German patent 1,176,100. In this prior art ozonizer, the inner electrodes are mounted at their periphery. In contrast thereto, the ozonizer of the present invention is of a much simpler design, and the gas flow may ; be effected free of turbulence at the edge of the inner electrodes. The bushing insulator is mounted at one end of the ozonizer, and this ozonizer end concurrently defines a wall portion of the filter housing. This arrangement allows safe wiring between the high voltage source and the inner electrodes, and a convenient gas inlet connection.
The nozzle head which is mounted at the opposite end of the ozonizer discharges the ozone-containing gas directly into the water surrounding the ozonizer which is thereby cooled.
In ready-to-plug-in water treatment plants for smaller size bath tubs it is advantageous to mount the OZGniZer directly within the filter housing having as a ` filtering medium for example gravel. In this case, the ozonizer may be suspended from a horizontal cover plate of .~ , ~.... .. . . ,. ... . . . ... - . . - - . ..
the rilter housing, with the center line of the ozonizer being disposed vertically, the air feed line and a high voltage lead being conneGted to the upper end of the ozonizer, the nozzle head bein~ connected to the hottom end of the ozonizer, and the water feed line extends thr~ugh the filter housing cover plate at a location laterally spaced from the ozonizer, and a feed line portion inwardly of the cover plate being connected by a 180 connector to the lower end of the nozzle head. With such an arrangement, all parts are mounted at the cover plate of the housing and may be readily removed from the housing. The feed line extends into the housing up to the nozzle head, i.e. to a point at which the mixing of gas and water may be achieved most con-veniently.
For avoiding the entry of water into the ozonizer, there may be connected a check valve assembly between the internal cavity of the ozonizer and the nozzle head. The details of a particularly advantageous embodiment of such a check valve assembly are described further below. Apart from design details the present invention in principle proposes, in accordance with an important aspect thereof, to mount the check valve assembly and the nozzle head with-in a flow director body extending into the water feed line in a direction opposite the water feed direction, that the outer surface of the flow director body is shaped to define in combination with an outer member an upstream neck portion and a downstream annular space of a gradually increasing cross sectional area in the flow direction, and the nozzle ` orifices of the nozzle head open into the annular space i 30 in the vicinity of the narrowest cross sectional area. By '~
10~6075 an arrangement of -this type may be achieved the well known injector effect. The negative pressure generated within the feed water path favors the entry of the ozone-contain-ing gas into the water flow and the formation ~f a well mixed gas water emulsion. The forming of this emulsion is favored by high flow speeds and the reaction of the ozone with the su~stances contained in the water.
For further intensifying this mixing step, the invention furthermore proposes that the ozonizer includes at its lower end a bottom plate on which is mounted the nozzle head, a mixing trough connected to the lower end of the ozonizer, the mixing trough including a bottom wall spaced from and extending parallel to the bottom plate of the ozonizer, and a plurality of coaxially disposed aper-tured cylindrical baffles extending from the ozonizerbottom plate to the mixing trough bottom wall. The gas water mixture flowing in a radial outward direction has to pass through several baffles which are arranged one behind the other. These baffles consist of several coaxially arranged cylindrical tube sections having alternately upper and lower marginal cut-outs through which the water gas mixture may pass so that this mixture is deflected several times and further turbulences are produced. From the outer-most mixing cham~er the water gas mixture is discharged 2S into the filter housing and sweeps along the outer surface of the ozonizer.
In accordance with another feature of the present invention, the check valve assembly may comprise a diaphragm valve and downstream thereof a ball valve mounted in a central aperture of the diaphragm valve. Simple check , valv~s do not close tightly at the moment of flow reversal.
On the other hand it must be safely prevented that even traces of wa-ter may enter the ozonizer. This is being ensured by the above proposal. Despite oE a high spring bias and the thereby ensured safe seal at th~ seat of the diaphragm valve this valve is effectively prevented from osciLlating and stays in an open position even during pressure variations. This operation is due to the fact that the residual force exerted by the downstream ball valve mounted in the diaphragm valve resulting from the difference in aperture pressures is sufficiently high.
In accordance with a particularly suitable em-bodiment of a check valve assembly, the check valve assembly includes an elongate valve member having a longitudinal axial bore, a spring-biased ball valve mounted in the valve member, a guide bore in the flow director body and an ; annular diaphragm for translationally guiding the valve member, one end of the valve member axial bore defining an orifice portion, a spring engaging the valve member and urging the orifice portion against a sealing closure disc, and an abutment surface for delimiting the movements of the annular diaphragm in the opposite direction. An assembly of this type may readily be accommodated within a cone-I shaped flow director body so that the diaphragm would be adjacent the cone base, the valve member with the ball valve is located between the diaphragm and the apex of the cone, and the apex of the cone defines the nozzle head. The check valve assembly preferably consists of a replaceable assembly that is screw-mounted to one face ~f the ozonizer.
If it is desired to vary the negative pressure lOS607S
in the region in which the ozonized gas is being discharged into the water, then the outer member surrounding the flow director body and defining in combination with the same a neck portion in the flow conduit connected to the water supply line may be axially adiustable with respect to the flow director body. This arrangement is likewise advant-ageous insofar as one and the same flow director body may be used in water treatment plants of different capacities and the flow cross sectional areas may be adapted to in-dividual plants and local water supply pressures.
In the following, the present invention will bedescribed more in detail with reference to a preferred ~mbodiment shown in the appended drawings wherein FIGURE 1 is a schematical lateral view, partly in elevation and partly in section of a bath tub assembly for medical baths with integrated water treating and degerminat-ing plant;
FIGURE 2 is a schematical overall view of a bath water treating assembly, a gravel filter and an ozonizer mounted within the filter housing;
FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional . .
view of an ozonizer;
FIGURE 4 is an elevational view of plug-and-socket type connector members for electricallyconnecting and centering the inner electrodes of the ozonizer; and FIGURE 5 is a fragmentary longitudinal view of a check valve assembly with associated venturi tube.
~ s shown in FIG. 1, the bath tub assembly of the present invention for medical bath treatment includes a bath tub body 100 and a bath water treatiny and degerminat-' - .
~056~75 ing assembly 1 with an ozone generator or ozonizer 8, these parts being accommodated within a cabinet 101. The bath tub body 100 is connected in an upper region by an outlet line 26 to the bath water treating and degerminating assembly 1. In the outlet line 26 is connected a circulating pump 29. The bath water treating and degerminating assembly 1 is connected by a feed line 6 to a lower region of the bath tub body 100. The assembly 1 includes the ozonizer indicated generally by reference numeral 8.
Referring to FIG. 2, the assembly 1 for treating and degerminating bath water includes a fil~er housing 1' defining an internal cavity about half of which is filled with quartz gravel 2. Within the quartz gravel filling is embedded a so-called filter star 3. This filter star 3 consists of a central manifold 4 with several radially projecting tube sections 5 in a star-shaped configuration.
The tube sections 5 are closed at their free outer ends and include a large number of small bores. The manifold 4 is connected to the feed line 6 which extends through the bottom of the filter housing 1'. At its upper end, the filter housing 1' is closed by a flat cover plate 7 to the inner surface of which is mounted the ozonizer 8 so that the major portion of the latter is submerged in the water.
The ozonizer 8 consists of an assembly of annular discs.
The upper surface of the water level 9 as shown may be controlled by means of a vent valve 10. The vent valve 10 includes a float whch opens the valve when the water level drops and closes the valve when the water level rises beyond the set level.
- 30 The filter 2 consists of two different layers.
'. ~
`: :
An inferior layer 2a consists of a mixture of filter gravel and mineralized charcoal of a reduced activity, whereas the superior layer 2b consists of fine grain activated charcoal. The filter 2 is charged with bromine or hydro-bromic acid respectively. The filter 2 is mixed oniy oncewith an excess of hydrobromic acid, e.g. 1 liter of 43 %
hydrobromic acid on 20 volume liters of activated charcoal in the filter. This ratio maynitude is important. The charcoal filter readily absorbs almost all of the bromine whereby the bromine enters into the fine capillaries and cracks of the charcoal grains. The large amounts of bromine absorbed by the filter cannot become effective; there will remain enough potentially oxidating bromine in the circuit to sustain a redox potential of between 600 to 7Oo milli-volts at which complete degermination is effected.
The diameter of the filter housing 1' may pre-ferably be selected at 450 mms, and the capacity of the housing at about 150 liters. The inferior filter layer 2a con~ists of an intimate mixture of S0 volume liters of filter gravel in a grain range from .3 to .7 mms and 25 volume liters of a product known by the trade name Hydro-Anthrasit A which is a mineralized charcoal of reduced chemical activity. The superior filter layer 2a consists of 20 volume liters of a product known by the trade name ~Iydraffin LW which is a Eine grain higly efficient activ-ated charcoal. The bromine depot which is provided init-ially by adding a sufficient quantity of hydrobromic acid will be effective for about 500 bath tub charges. Assuming that the bath tub is filled with fresh water daily, this original bromine depot will cover the bromine requirements 1L~56075 for a full calender year, at a very high safety factor.
Tests have shown, however, that more ~romine is required since 10 kg of activated charcoal have the capacity of absorbing 7.5 kg of iodine. The absorbance for bromine is in the same order of magnitude as for iodine.
A feed line section 11 is mounted in the cover plate 7 and sealed thereagainst. The free end of the feed line section 11 disposed within the internal cavity of the filter housing 1' is provided with a quick-release pipe joint 12 and conne~ted thereby to a knee 13. The knee 13 is connected by a connector piece 14 and another knee 15 to a venturi tube 16 that opens into a mixing trough 17 which is mounted at the lower end of the ozonizer 8.
~urther details will be given below in combination with the description of the other Figures. All of the components mounted on the cover plate 7 are connected to the filter housing 1' by the cover plate 7 and may be removed simply therefrom by removing the cover plate. The pipe joint 12 allows to disconnect the feed line in an axial direction so that the mixing trough 17 may be dismantled from the ozonizer 8 together with the 180 tube bend.
A bushing insulator 18 mounted at the other end of the ozonizer 8 serves to supply ir for ozonization and electrical energy to the ozonizer. Toward this end, an air feed line 19 is connected to the bushing insulator 18 by a pipe joint 20. The air supply has previausly been dried in an air drying assembly 21. A high voltage trans-former 22 is connected as follows: The secondary winding is connected by one terminal to a shaft portion 23 of a conductor bolt extending through the bushing insulator 18, ` ' and by the second terminal to the cover plate 7. The annular disc-shaped outer electrodes of the ozonizer 8 are conductively connected to the cover plate 7 by their mutual contact surfaces. The interior end of the con-ductor bolt is conductively connected to the i~ner elec-trodes which are not shown in FIG. 2. The high voltage transformer 22 may also ~e mounted directly on the upper surface of the cover plate 7.
The filter star 3 of the filter housing 1' is connected by the llne 6 to one port of a servo-controlled three-way valve 24. Another port of the valve is connected by a line 25 to the bath-tub body 100, and the third port of this valve is connected by a line to the feed line 26 connected to the bath-tub on the one hand and to a second servo-controlled three-way valve 27 on the other hand. One of the other two ports of this three-way valve 27 is connect-ed by a line 28 to a waste water conduit. 'rhe third port of this valve 27 is connected by the feed line 11 to the filter housing 1'. A pump 29 with a downstream coarse filter is connected in the line 26 between the bath-tub 100 and the valves.
In FIG. 3, the ozonizer 8 is shown in approximate-ly natural size. The cover plate 7 is provided with a threaded aperture for screw-mounting the bushing insulator 18. Above its threaded portion, the bushing insulator 18 defines a portion of increased diameter forming an out-i wardly directed shoulder at which the insulator is sealed against the cover plate 7 by means of an O-ring gasket 30 mounted in a suitable annular groove as shown. At its upper end, the bushing insulator 18 comprises a central - 18 - ;
;
cylindrical extension 31 of reduced diameter provided with a bore. ~ conductor bolt extends through this bore. The conductor bolt com~rises the above mentioned thin shaft portion 23, an enlarged diameter intermediate portion 32 and a downwar~ly projecting pin portion 33. The intermediate portion 32 and a major part of the pin portion 33 are received within an enlarged recess 34 of the central bore through the bushing insulator 18. The upper end of the shaft portion 23 is threaded, and nuts 35 engaging this threaded portion retain the conductor bolt within the insulator and serve as connecting means for the high voltage supply line. A radial bore 36 in the bushing insulator 18 communicates at its inner end with the enlarged recess 34 of the central bore, and is connected at its outer end to a screw socket. By this radial bore 36 air will enter the o~onizer 8.
The outer electrodes 37 are solid annular discs made of aluminium. ~ach disc is provided with a downwardly protruding peripheral rim portion 37a so that relatively flat spaces are defined between the overlying discs. The upper peripheral rim portion of these outer electrodes are recessed downwardly in defining peripheral recesses 37 mat-ing with the lower surface of a downwardly protruding peri-pheral rim portion 37a of an overlying outer electrode whereby the outer electrodes are automatically centered.
For improved cooling efficiency, each outer electrode is provided with a peripheral cooling rib 37c. In each space defined between outer electrodes is arranged a pair of glass plates 38 adjacent the electrode surfaces, and an inner electrode 39 made of stainless steel intermediate _.. .. . . .. .. . . .. . ~ . . ............ . . .
. ~ ,~ . , .
the pair of glass plates 38. The cover plate 7 is provid-ed at its inner surface with a ~orresponding recess for defining a space opposite the adjacent outer electrode 37.
The bottom plate 40 is of a somewhat larger diameter and carri.es at its outer periphery a sealing ring 40a. The outer periphery of the bottom plate 40 contacts the side wall 17a of the mixing trough 17, the botto~n wall of which is indicated at 17b.
The described disc members are stacked on top of each other. For tight stacking of these disc members, there are provided eigh-t threaded bolts 41 evenly distributed about the circumference of the discs. The threaded bolts 41 are at their upper ends in screw engegement with corresponding bores in the cover plate 7 and extend in their central portions through radial slots in the ribs 37c of the outer electrodes as well as through correspond-ing bores of the bottom plate 40 and the bottom wall 17b of the mixing trough 17. The lower ends of the threaded bolts 41 are threaded and engagedby nuts below the bottom plate 40 and below the bottom wall 17b. The internal cavity of the ozonizer i9 sealed by sealing rings 42 mount-ed in grooves and sealing between the outer electrodes 37.
FIG. 4 illustrates the electrically conductive connections between the inner electrodes 39, and the centering of inner electrode~ and glass plates 38. Each inner electrode 39 includes a central bore into which is mounted a cap screw 43. The cap screw is secured against the electrode by a nut 44. A screw portion extending beyond the nut 44 is devoid of a thread and defines a pin extension 43a that may be inserted into a mating bore 43b within the head end of an a~uttiny screw 43. The pin extensions 43a are surrounded by small coil springs 45 which will be compressed when inserting a pin extensi~n 43a into a mating bore 43b. The pin portion 33 of the conductor bolt engages a mating bore in the cap screw 43 of the uppermost inner electrode 39. The cap screw mounted in the lowermost electrode is not provided with a pin extension. The central bores in the glass plates 38 are of only a slightly larger diameter than the cap screws 43 and nuts 44 so that the inner electrodes 39 will be centered in a sufficiently precise manner.
When assembling the electrodes, several spacers 46 of a plastic material are inserted between the inner electrodes 39 and the glass plates 38 so that these spacers 46 are fairly evenly distributed about the circumference of the glass plates 3~. These spacers 46 provide even spacings between these discs, without obstructing radial gas flow.
Whereas the outer diameter of the glass plates 38 almost corresponds to the outer diameter of the spacings between the outer electrodes 37, the inner electrodes 39 are of a smaller diameter. This provides the advantage that the gas may flow evenly across the upper edges of the inner electrodes and will be smoothly deflected within the annular spaces surrounding the innex electrodes radially outwardly thereof.
As may be seen in FIG. 3, there is a flow director body 47 screw-mounted to the bottom plate 40 of the ozonizer.
The flow director body 47 is cone shaped and flares out-wardly into a flange at its upwardly disposed base. FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the flow director _ 21 , ~` :
10560'75 body. As may be seen, this body houses a check valve assembly and a nozzle head. The nozzle orifices 48 are disposed in the vicinity of the apex of the cone and serve to discharge the ozone-containing gas. The flow director body 47 is surrounded by the venturi tube 16 forming a terminal rnember of the water feed line and defining an internal restriction. The venturi tube 16 is mounted within the bottom wall 17b of the mixing trough 17. The annular space 50 defined by the venturi tube 16 and thc flow director body ~7 increases in cross se~tional area from a throat portion toward the interior cavity of the mixing trough 17, Four concentric coaxial cylindrical baffles 51 are mounted between the bottom plate 40 and the bottom wall 17b of the mixing trough. These baffles 51 are alternately provided with several upper and lower marginal cut-outs 52 for permitting radial flow whereby the flow will be redirected several times. The side wall 17a of the mixing trough is provided with several outlet ports 53 for discharging the water gas mixture into the interior cavity of the filter housing 1'. As shown in FIG. 2, the mixing trough 17 supports the flow director body 47 and the venturi tube 16 without the need of any additional support members extending through the annular space 50 and liable to obstruct the flow through this space.
FIG. 5 illustrates constructional details of the check valve ass~ll~ly and an adjustable venturi tube 54 which is modified with respect to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. The exteriorly visible parts of the check valve assembly are the flow director body 47 and a clamping disc 54 of the same outer diameter as the flange ~f the flow director body. These two parts ~lay be made of non-plasti-cized polyvinyl chloride and interconnected by six bolts 56 with the interposition of an annular diaphragm 57 made of fluorine caoutchouc. The interconnected parts are screw-mounted ~o the bottom plate 40 by means of six screw bolts 58 engaged by nuts, these bol~s being disposed along the same radius as the bolts 56.
The annular diaphragm 57 and the parts mounted thereto which will be described further below may move ; 10 freely within a pair of mirror shaped cylindrical recesses 59 and 60 in the clamping disc 55 and the flow director body 47 respectively. The lower surface of the recess 60 communicates with another recess 61 of a smaller diameter, and the lower surface of this recess 61 communicates with a guide bore 62 in the flow director body 47. At its lower end, the guide bore 62 is extended by another bore 63 of a still smaller diameter, and adjacen-t the lower end of this bore 63 there are disposed the three nozzle orifices 48 which extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the flow director body 47 and enclose mutual angles of 120~
The most important part oE the check valve assembly i.e. the so-called valve member comprises a central portion 62, a flange ring 65, a ball sleeve 66, a ball 67 and a ball biasing spring 68 mounted in the ball sleeve 66, and an another spring 69. The central portion 64 extends through the annular diaphragm 57 and engayes by a flange 64a the ` upper surface of this diaphragm. The central portion 65 includes a center bore 64b and defines at its upper end a projecting orifice portion 64c. The central portion 64 is . : -: .
.
provided with an external thread engaging a correspond-ing ir,terior thread of the ball sleeve 66. The upper end of the ball sleeve 66 carries a hexagon head 66a so that the diaphragm 57 may be clamped between the flange 64a and the flange ring 65. The ball sleeve 66 includes four lateral holes 66b and a longitudinal bore 66c and may move freely within the guide bore 62 because of clearance. The ball biasing spring 68 urges the ba]l 67 toward a valve seat formed at the lower end of the central portion 64.
The spring 69 seated in the recess 61 biases the valve member in an upward direction so that the orifice portion 64c will be urged against a closure disc 70 made of fluorine caoutchouc~ This closure disc 70 is mounted into the clamping disc 55. Several axially extending inlet bores 71 about a circle of the clamping disc 55 serve as passages for discharging ozone-containing gas from the ozonizer downwardly into the check valve assembly. ~ecause of the ~3gressive properties of the ozone gas all metal parts must be made of high-alloyed chrome nickel steel.
A short adapter 72 with an internal thread is welded to the bottom wall 17b of the mixing trough con-centrically of the flow director body 47, as may be seen in FIG. 5. The vel~turi tube 54 which may likewise be made of non-plasticized polyvinyl chloride is screw-mounted into the adapter 72 and sealed thereagainst by a sealing ring 73. The VentUrJ tube 54 includes a lower collar portion on which may rest by gravity a flange ring 74. The venturi tube 54 is connected to a water feed line 75 having a 3 flange threadedly connected to the flange ring 74.
The operation of the above described water treat-,~ , .
,~ - 24 ~ ~ .
..~
.~
1056075 `
ing and degerminating assembly is briefly as follows:
Thoroughl.y dried air is supplied by the air feed line 19 and through the radial bore 36 in the bushing insulator 18 into the ozonizer 8 and passes throuyh the enlarged recess 34 cf the through-bore into the first discharge space intermediate the uppermost glass plate 38 and the uppermost inner electrode 39. Within this discharge space, the air flows radially outwardly into the annular space between the two uppermost glass plates, i.e. into the space ~ :
which is disposed as seen in the radial direction outwardly of the uppermost inner electrode. Within this annular space the flow may equalize and different flow rates in circumferential direction may be compensated for if the flow resistence in the discharge space should vary. The air flows from this annular space through the next follow- ..
ing discharge space towards the center of the assembly and passes through the apertures in the second and third glass plates 38 into the third discharge space in which the air again flows outwardly. In this manner, the air becomes gradually loaded with ozone and arrives finally at the check valve assembly that is mounted within the flow director body 47 and normally in the open flow position.
From the check valve assembly, the ozone-containing qas is discharged through the nozzle orifices 48 into the ~ 25 annular space 50.
I In the filtering operation of the treating , assembly the water is recycled as follows: The water with-drawn from the bath tub body 100 through the outlet line 26 by the circulating pump 29 enters the three-way valve 27 ~, ~ 30 and is discharged from this valve through the feed line 11, ....
105607~
the knee 13, the connector piece 14 and the knee 15 into the venturi tube 16. The nozzle orifices 48 are disposed slightly above the throat portion, i.e. the narrowest cross sectional area. In a non-adjustable ven-turi tube (as in the embodiment shoT~n in Fig. 3) the nozzle orifices 48 may be spaced from the narrowest cross sectional area by about 1 mm. Due to the negative pressure at this minimum cross section the water readily absorbs the ozone-containing gas in forming a gas water emulsion. The baffles 51 promote further mixing of the components water and gas and enhance turbulence in the water. The ozone thereby reacts with the contaminations in the water. It has been found that this reaction is virtually complete, i.e. that only neglegibly small quantities of reactive ozone are measured 1S at the vent valve 10. The water settles within the filter housing 1' and penetrates the filter layers 2 and will ultimately enter the filter star ~. From the filter star 3 the water is discharged through the feed line 6 to the three-way valve 24 and passes through the line 25 back t~
the bath tub 100. The contaminations which have been con-! verted into particles that may be retained within the filter by the ozone will be caught within the filter.
` For filter backwashing operation the three-way valves 24 and 27 are actuated into a different position so that the water flow is reversed. The water then passes through the line 26 in an opposite direction, passes through the filter housing 1' and the three-way valve 27 and the line 28 to the sewer (not shown). During passage of the water flow, the ~uartz gravel 2 is loosened up so that the contaminations adhering to the gravel are detached and will ., .
~ - 26 be carried away by the water flow. Suitably, the ozone generation is stopped some time before corNmencing with the backwashing operation. The respective control operat-ions and the actuation of the three-way valves are per-formed automatically.
The operation oE the check valve assembly of FIG. 5 is as follows: In the drawing the two separate valves are shown in the closed position. When starting up the ozonizer and supplying compressed air to the same, this pressure is applied through the inlet bores 71 in the clamping disc S5 to the space defined by the recess 59 above the diaphragm 57. When increasing this pressure, the force acting on the diaphragm overcomes the force of the spring 69 so that the valve member is shifted downwardly whereby the orifice portion 64c is lifted away from the closure disc 70.
During this opening movement of the valve member the ball valve assembly 67, 68 remains in the closed posit-ion so that the space above the diaphragm remains pressur-ized. By this fact will be avoided resonant oscillations of the diaphragm which might be caused by continuous var-iations of the static pressure and corresponding variations of the dynamic pressure of the gas flow within the space 59. This is very important since otherwise the closure disc 70 and the diaphragm 57 would quickly wear out, due -to bouncing effects. Not until the pressure has increased to a level under which the flange ring 65 has been moved into its end position engaging the abutment surface of the recess 60, the ball 67 will yield to the applied pressure so that the ozone containing air may be discharged through ~ , , the center bore 64b and pass through the holes 66b into the recess 61 and from this recess 61 throuyh the clear-ance between the ball sleeve 66 and the guide bore 62 further downwardly. In a parallel flow path, the gas mixture flows about the outer surface of the ~all 67 and passes through the bore 66c downwardly. At the lower end of the flow director body 47 the gas mixture is discharged through the noz21e oririces 48 in-to the water in an area of maximum negative pressure, and the water will carry away the gas in an upward direction.
The flow resistance of the ball valve assembly 67, 68 for the gas mixture serves to maintain the dynamic pressure of the gas flow above the diaphragm 57 at a level that is sufEicient to maintain the valve member in its lower position and to maintain the orifice portion 64c in the open position while the ball itself oscillates, i.e.
moves upwardly and downwardly. If there should occur a sudden pressure drop within the ozonizer the ball valve immediately moves into its closing position. If due to the oscillations of the ball some drops of water should have entered the valve, these drops of water will not be of any harm because the orifice portion 64c engages slightly thereafter the closure disc 70, under the full force of i the spring 69. The force exerted by this spring is assisted by the water pressure acting on the diaphragm from below.
On the other hand, the negative pressure exist-ing at the nozzle orifices 48 assists the opening of the t , valves. This effect may be utilized to permit opening of the check valve assembly only during water flow conditions.
Toward this end, the compressor (not shown) for supplying :
~ , ,: , . . , ,.~ : : . :, - . - , :, ,, .. .. ~. :
` 1056075 compressed air to the ozonizer 8 may not supply more than a predetermined maximum pressure,or a relief valve must be connected at the input of the ozonizer.
The invention is not intended to be restricted to the above described embodiments as shown in the appended drawings. It is considered to be within the scope of the present invention to employ modified types of filters and a different arrangement of the ozonizer as well as to arrange these in a different manner within the cabinet.
The filter housing containing the ozonizer may of course liXewise be releasably connected such as e.g. by flange connectors to the bath tub body. Instead of bromine or hydrobromic acid respectively the filter may likewise be charged with iodine or suitable iodine compounds, or any other suitable compound producing similar effects.
.
Claims (11)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of treating and degerminating bath water contaminated by the germ bact. pseudomonas pyocyanea, in medical tub-baths and underwater massage baths, said method characterized by continuously passing the bath water containing contaminations and germs through a two-layer filter assembly charged with bromine or hydrobromic acid respectively, the filter assembly including an inferior layer consisting of a mixture of filter gravel and mineralized charcoal, and a superior layer consisting of the fine grain activated charcoal, charging the bath water in an ozonizer disposed in an inlet region of said filter assembly with an ozone-containing gas whereby the bath water is utilized as a coolant for the ozonizer and is heated by the reaction heat produced by the ozonizer.
2. A bath-tub assembly adapted for medical bath applications such as tub-baths and underwater massage bath treatments, including a bath water treating and degerminating assembly adapted to remove the germ bact. pseudomonas pyocyanea from bath water; a cabinet in which is mounted a bath-tub body and a filter assembly; the filter assembly including a filter housing; a two-layer filtering medium within the filter housing, the filtering medium being charged with bromine or hydro-bromic acid respectively, a first inferior layer of said filtering medium consisting of a mixture of filter gravel and mineralized charcoal, and a second superior layer of said filtering medium consisting of fine grain activated charcoal; a feed line connecting a lower portion of the filter housing with the bath tub; a return line connecting an upper region of the filter housing with the bath-tub;
a circulating pump connected in said return line; an ozonizer within said filter housing above said filtering medium so that the bath water circulated through said filter housing contacts the outer surface of the ozonizer and cools this outer surface; and a mixing assembly with a nozzle head mounted on the ozonizer and connected to said water feed line.
a circulating pump connected in said return line; an ozonizer within said filter housing above said filtering medium so that the bath water circulated through said filter housing contacts the outer surface of the ozonizer and cools this outer surface; and a mixing assembly with a nozzle head mounted on the ozonizer and connected to said water feed line.
3. A bath-tub for medical bath treatment as in Claim 2, wherein said ozonizer includes a plurality of outer electrodes in the form of solid cup-shaped annular discs of a heat conductive material, a plurality of annular discs of a ceramic material serving as dielectrics and a plurality of inner electrodes in the form of sheet metal discs, outer and inner electrodes and the dielectric discs being stacked in a rigid compound, a plurality of discharge spaces defined between the ceramic discs and the inner electrodes, the discharge spaces permitting air flow in opposite radial directions alternately inwardly and out-wardly, said inner electrodes being spaced from said ceramic discs by a plurality of intermediate small spacer members made of a resilient material and disposed in the space defined between adjacent facing surfaces of said electrodes and said ceramic discs, said inner electrodes being centered by centrally arranged plug-and-socket type mating members; a high voltage bushing insulator having a gas inlet conduit and a gas line connector arranged at one end of the ozonizer, and the nozzle head being arranged at the opposite end of the ozonizer.
4. A bath-tub for medical bath treatment as in Claim 3, wherein said ozonizer is suspended from a horizontal cover plate of the filter housing with the center line of the ozonizer being disposed vertically, said air feed line and a high voltage lead being connected to the upper end of said ozonizer, the nozzle head being mounted to the bottom end of said ozonizer and said water feed line extends through said filter housing cover plate at a location laterally spaced from the ozonizer, and a feed line portion inwardly of said cover plate being connected by a 180° connector to the lower end of the nozzle head.
5. A bath-tub for medical bath treatment as in Claim 1, wherein a check valve assembly is connected between the internal cavity of the ozonizer and the nozzle head.
6. A bath-tub for medical bath treatment as in Claim 5, wherein said check valve assembly and said nozzle head are mounted within a flow director body extending into the water feed line in a direction opposite the water feed direction, the outer surface of the flow director body being shaped to define in combination with an outer member an upstream neck portion and a downstream annular space of a gradually increasing cross sectional area in flow direction, and the nozzle orifices of the nozzle head open into said annular space in the vicinity of the narrowest cross sectional area.
7. A bath-tub for medical bath treatment as in Claim 3, wherein the ozonizer includes at its lower end a bottom plate on which is mounted said nozzle head, a mixing trough connected to the lower end of the ozonizer, said mixing trough including a bottom wall spaced from and extending parallel to the bottom plate of said ozonizer, and a plurality of coaxially disposed apertured cylindrical baffles extending from said ozonizer bottom plate to said mixing trough bottom wall.
8. A bath-tub for medical bath treatment as in Claim 6, wherein said check valve assembly comprises a diaphragm valve and downstream thereof a ball valve mounted in a central aperture of the diaphragm valve.
9. A bath-tub for medical bath treatment as in Claim 8, wherein said valve assembly includes an elongate valve member having a longitudinal axial bore, a spring-biased ball valve mounted in said valve member, a guide bore in the flow director body and an annular diaphragm for translationally guiding/valve member, one end of the valve member axial bore defining an orifice portion, a spring engaging said valve member and urging said orifice portion against a sealing closure disc, ??d an abutment surface for delimiting the movement of said annular dia-phragm in the opposite direction.
10. A bath-tub for medical bath treatment as in Claim 7, wherein said outer member surrounding said flow director body and defining in combination with the same a neck portion in the flow conduit connected to the water supply line is axially adjustable with respect to said flow director body.
11. A bath-tub for medical bath treatment as in Claim 5, wherein the air supply source for the ozonizer is designed to supply a maximum pressure at which the check valve assembly is actuated into an open flow position only under condition that there exists water flow at the nozzle head.
_ 34
_ 34
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752511499 DE2511499C2 (en) | 1974-03-16 | 1975-03-15 | Device for water treatment with an ozone generator |
| DE19762606838 DE2606838A1 (en) | 1976-02-20 | 1976-02-20 | Treatment and sterilisation of medicinal bath water - particularly for removal of resistant pseudo monas bacteria |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1056075A true CA1056075A (en) | 1979-06-05 |
Family
ID=25768643
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA247,906A Expired CA1056075A (en) | 1975-03-15 | 1976-03-15 | Degerminating bath water contaminated by the bacteria pseudomonas pyocanea |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4053403A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS52128688A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT343558B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1056075A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH605418A5 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK94476A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2304575A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1506970A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7602682A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7603153L (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE410784B (en) | 1977-12-16 | 1979-11-05 | Gambro Dialysatoren | COLUMN FOR REMOVAL OF TOXES AND / OR OTHER SUBJECTS FROM A LIQUID MIXTURE AND / OR FOR ION CHANGE |
| JPS5611061A (en) * | 1979-07-07 | 1981-02-04 | Seikichi Nakajima | Water circulation electrolytic device |
| US4366064A (en) * | 1980-10-30 | 1982-12-28 | United States Steel Corporation | Treatment of blast furnace wastewater |
| US5075016A (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1991-12-24 | Barnes Ronald L | Method for treating recirculating water |
| JPS62290461A (en) * | 1986-06-07 | 1987-12-17 | 桑原 克己 | Bathtub apparatus |
| DE3914024A1 (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1990-10-31 | Bruno Bachhofer | METHOD FOR TREATING WATER, IN PARTICULAR BATHING WATER |
| US5427693A (en) * | 1992-02-10 | 1995-06-27 | O-Three Limited | Modular ozone water treatment apparatus and associated method |
| US5348664A (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-09-20 | Stranco, Inc. | Process for disinfecting water by controlling oxidation/reduction potential |
| US5888428A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1999-03-30 | Great Lakes Chemical Corporation | Methods for generating residual disinfectants during the ozonization of water |
| US5264136A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1993-11-23 | Great Lakes Chemical Corporation | Methods for generating residual disinfectants during the ozonization of water |
| US5785864A (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1998-07-28 | Ajt & Associates, Inc. | Apparatus for the purification of water and method therefor |
| US6090294A (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 2000-07-18 | Ajt & Associates, Inc. | Apparatus for the purification of water and method therefor |
| US5665228A (en) * | 1996-01-22 | 1997-09-09 | Dimension One Spas, Inc. | Ozone mixing system for a hydrotherapy spa |
| US6077446A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 2000-06-20 | Tm Industrial Supply, Inc. | Sand filtration filtering system using ozone |
| USD420720S (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 2000-02-15 | AJT & Associates | Apparatus for the purification of water |
| USD424660S (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 2000-05-09 | Ajt & Associates, Inc. | Apparatus for the purification of water |
| GB9823137D0 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 1998-12-16 | Stockdale Matt | Thermostatically controlled remote bath water heater with herbal salts or bubble bath foaming dispenser |
| US6277288B1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2001-08-21 | Joseph Gargas | Combined ozonation and electrolytic chlorination water purification method |
| US6751814B2 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2004-06-22 | Roy Mattson | Whirlpool bath filter and suction device |
| US6760931B1 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2004-07-13 | Roy W. Mattson, Jr. | Non-electric sanitation water vessel system |
| US7146659B2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2006-12-12 | Mattson Jr Roy W | Hydromassage antimicrobial whirlpool bathtub |
| US7293987B2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2007-11-13 | Norbert Abels | Adjustable bite ramps for deep bite correction and kits incorporating bite ramps |
| US7390399B2 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2008-06-24 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Water treatment control systems and methods of use |
| US20060169646A1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-03 | Usfilter Corporation | Method and system for treating water |
| US7905245B2 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2011-03-15 | Siemens Water Technologies Corp. | Dosing control system and method |
| US9079227B2 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2015-07-14 | Ronald L. Barnes | Sanitizing and cleaning process and apparatus |
| CN114074782A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2022-02-22 | 盘锦兴隆润泽农工贸有限公司 | Safe and efficient rice innovation management platform and management method thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US897039A (en) * | 1907-04-23 | 1908-08-25 | Alfred Vogelsang | Process for purifying and filtering water. |
| US2580809A (en) * | 1949-06-14 | 1952-01-01 | Wallace & Tiernan Inc | Procedure for purifying aqueous liquid |
| US2771416A (en) * | 1950-03-06 | 1956-11-20 | Edmund J Ryan | Water purification |
| DE1256164B (en) * | 1963-12-04 | 1967-12-07 | Planungs Und Forschungsgesells | Method and device for ozone and filtering water |
| DE2012895A1 (en) * | 1967-03-17 | 1971-10-07 | Plafog Planungs und Forschungsgesell schaft Dipl Ing , Wolfgang Kretzschmar KG, 8650 Kulmbach | Anthracite filter for excess ozone removal from water |
| DE2156571C3 (en) * | 1971-11-15 | 1981-07-30 | Hans-Ulrich Ing.(Grad.) 6200 Wiesbaden Klein | Use of a filter bed in a device for complex water treatment with ozone |
-
1976
- 1976-03-04 DK DK94476*#A patent/DK94476A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-03-10 SE SE7603153A patent/SE7603153L/en unknown
- 1976-03-11 CH CH305376A patent/CH605418A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-03-12 US US05/666,485 patent/US4053403A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-03-12 AT AT181776A patent/AT343558B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-03-15 JP JP2800876A patent/JPS52128688A/en active Pending
- 1976-03-15 FR FR7607371A patent/FR2304575A1/en active Granted
- 1976-03-15 CA CA247,906A patent/CA1056075A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-15 GB GB10342/76A patent/GB1506970A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-15 NL NL7602682A patent/NL7602682A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK94476A (en) | 1976-09-16 |
| ATA181776A (en) | 1977-09-15 |
| AT343558B (en) | 1978-06-12 |
| AU1185676A (en) | 1977-09-15 |
| US4053403A (en) | 1977-10-11 |
| FR2304575B1 (en) | 1982-03-12 |
| GB1506970A (en) | 1978-04-12 |
| FR2304575A1 (en) | 1976-10-15 |
| JPS52128688A (en) | 1977-10-28 |
| SE7603153L (en) | 1976-09-16 |
| CH605418A5 (en) | 1978-09-29 |
| NL7602682A (en) | 1976-09-17 |
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