CA1090289A - Process for electrolytic graining of aluminum sheet - Google Patents
Process for electrolytic graining of aluminum sheetInfo
- Publication number
- CA1090289A CA1090289A CA293,359A CA293359A CA1090289A CA 1090289 A CA1090289 A CA 1090289A CA 293359 A CA293359 A CA 293359A CA 1090289 A CA1090289 A CA 1090289A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- aluminum
- degrees
- nitric acid
- concentration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/02—Etching
- C25F3/04—Etching of light metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N3/00—Preparing for use and conserving printing surfaces
- B41N3/03—Chemical or electrical pretreatment
- B41N3/034—Chemical or electrical pretreatment characterised by the electrochemical treatment of the aluminum support, e.g. anodisation, electro-graining; Sealing of the anodised layer; Treatment of the anodic layer with inorganic compounds; Colouring of the anodic layer
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A method for electrolytically graining the surface of aluminum sheets useful in the production of lithographic printing plates which comprises subjecting said aluminum sheets to the action of alternating electric current in an aqueous electrolytic solution containing, in combination, small but effective amounts of both hydrochloric and nitric acids.
Description
~L~3~0 ~
This invention relates to a method of graining the surface of alumi-num sheets which are useful in the production of lithographic printing plates.
More particularly, this invention relates to a method of imparting a very fine porous grain to the surface of aluminum sheets designed for use in the produc-tion of lithographic printing plates, which method comprises treating an aluminum sheet with alternating electrical current in an aqueous electrolytic solution containing as electrolytes a combination of small but effective amounts of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.
In the manufacture of lithographic printing plates, it has been found most desirable to employ aluminum or aluminum alloy sheets as the base support therefore. In addition, it has been found that most satisfactory aluminum li~hographic plates are obtained when the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy base support sheet is treated to impart thereto a grained or roughened and porous character. Heretofore, a number of methods have been employed to impart a grained surface to the aluminum base support sheet, in-cluding both mechanical and electro-chemical processes.
The mechanical graining method of treating aluminum sheets, for example, by wire brushing, results in a grained surface which is relatively rough and uneven, and in many lithographic printing application does not give satisfactory results. It is also known that the electrolytic graining of aluminum can provide a fine and uniform grain to the surface of the aluminum.
Various methods of electrolytically graining aluminum sheets have been em-ployed, for example, as taught by United States Patents 3,072,546, 3,073,765, and 3,980,539, and French Patent 2,110,257. In some of the prior art proces-ses employed it has been found that unless the process is carefully controlled, the resultant grained surface obtained can be pitted, coarse and irregular, characteristics which are not desirable in lithographic printing plates.
We have now found a method for rapidly and efficiently electrolyti-cally graining the surface of aluminum sheets in such a manner as to yield aluminum sheets which have a very fine, porous and uniform grain surface which - 1 - ~
is most desirable for use in the production of lithographic printing plates.
According to the invention, there is provided a method for electro-lytically graining aluminum which comprises immersing the aluminum in an aqueous electrolytic solution containing a small but effective amount of a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids in the ratio of one part by weight of HCl and from four to six parts by weight of HN03, applying thereto an alternating electric current of from 150 to 300 amp. minutes per square foot for a period of at least 30 seconds while maintaining the electrolytic solution at a temperature of not less than 40 degrees C.
More particularly, the concentrations of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid should be sufficient that a ~*d, substantially porous and uniform grain that is substantially free from irregular pits is formed on the surface of the aluminum thus treated.
It is convenient to make up the electrolyte using the appropriate amount o~ hydrochloric acid of 32% concentration, hereafter called concen-trated acid, added to water to make the electrolyte solution. Likewise, it is convenient to use the appropriate amount of nitric acid of 70% concentration, hereafter called concentrated nitric acid, added to water. Particularly satisfactory results are obtained when the hydrochloric acid is present in the electrolytic solution in a concentration of from at least 0.1% to about 1.0%
HCl by weight, and most preferably in a concentration of from 0.2% to 0.7% by weight. The nitric acid should also be present in the aqueous electrolytic solution in a concentration of at least 0.4% to about 6.0% HN03 by weight and preferably, in a concentration of from 0.8% to 4.3% by weight. It has been found that most satisfactory results are obtained when concentrated nitric acid in an amount equivalent to 4 to 6 parts by weight ~03 is used in combina-tion with concentrated hydrochloric acid equivalent to 1 part by weight HCl.
Naturally, more or less concentrated acids, e.g. 38% HCl, may be used in appro-priate amounts.
In the successful practice of the process of this invention, the ..
This invention relates to a method of graining the surface of alumi-num sheets which are useful in the production of lithographic printing plates.
More particularly, this invention relates to a method of imparting a very fine porous grain to the surface of aluminum sheets designed for use in the produc-tion of lithographic printing plates, which method comprises treating an aluminum sheet with alternating electrical current in an aqueous electrolytic solution containing as electrolytes a combination of small but effective amounts of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.
In the manufacture of lithographic printing plates, it has been found most desirable to employ aluminum or aluminum alloy sheets as the base support therefore. In addition, it has been found that most satisfactory aluminum li~hographic plates are obtained when the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy base support sheet is treated to impart thereto a grained or roughened and porous character. Heretofore, a number of methods have been employed to impart a grained surface to the aluminum base support sheet, in-cluding both mechanical and electro-chemical processes.
The mechanical graining method of treating aluminum sheets, for example, by wire brushing, results in a grained surface which is relatively rough and uneven, and in many lithographic printing application does not give satisfactory results. It is also known that the electrolytic graining of aluminum can provide a fine and uniform grain to the surface of the aluminum.
Various methods of electrolytically graining aluminum sheets have been em-ployed, for example, as taught by United States Patents 3,072,546, 3,073,765, and 3,980,539, and French Patent 2,110,257. In some of the prior art proces-ses employed it has been found that unless the process is carefully controlled, the resultant grained surface obtained can be pitted, coarse and irregular, characteristics which are not desirable in lithographic printing plates.
We have now found a method for rapidly and efficiently electrolyti-cally graining the surface of aluminum sheets in such a manner as to yield aluminum sheets which have a very fine, porous and uniform grain surface which - 1 - ~
is most desirable for use in the production of lithographic printing plates.
According to the invention, there is provided a method for electro-lytically graining aluminum which comprises immersing the aluminum in an aqueous electrolytic solution containing a small but effective amount of a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids in the ratio of one part by weight of HCl and from four to six parts by weight of HN03, applying thereto an alternating electric current of from 150 to 300 amp. minutes per square foot for a period of at least 30 seconds while maintaining the electrolytic solution at a temperature of not less than 40 degrees C.
More particularly, the concentrations of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid should be sufficient that a ~*d, substantially porous and uniform grain that is substantially free from irregular pits is formed on the surface of the aluminum thus treated.
It is convenient to make up the electrolyte using the appropriate amount o~ hydrochloric acid of 32% concentration, hereafter called concen-trated acid, added to water to make the electrolyte solution. Likewise, it is convenient to use the appropriate amount of nitric acid of 70% concentration, hereafter called concentrated nitric acid, added to water. Particularly satisfactory results are obtained when the hydrochloric acid is present in the electrolytic solution in a concentration of from at least 0.1% to about 1.0%
HCl by weight, and most preferably in a concentration of from 0.2% to 0.7% by weight. The nitric acid should also be present in the aqueous electrolytic solution in a concentration of at least 0.4% to about 6.0% HN03 by weight and preferably, in a concentration of from 0.8% to 4.3% by weight. It has been found that most satisfactory results are obtained when concentrated nitric acid in an amount equivalent to 4 to 6 parts by weight ~03 is used in combina-tion with concentrated hydrochloric acid equivalent to 1 part by weight HCl.
Naturally, more or less concentrated acids, e.g. 38% HCl, may be used in appro-priate amounts.
In the successful practice of the process of this invention, the ..
- 2 -o~
aluminum which is contemplated to be employed is that aluminum or those alumi-num alloys which are designed and intended for employment in the production of lithographic printing plates. Thus, the aluminum to be employed herein will normally be aluminum sheets and webs which are specifically designed for use in the manufacture of lithographic printing plates, including such alumi-num as is produced and sold by the Aluminum Company of America as lithographic grade Alloy No. 3003, or Alloy No. llO0, as generally known and understood in the industry.
The aluminum may then be electrolytically treated in accordance with the process of this invention.
The conditions under which the electrolytic treatment of the alumi-num sheet in the electrolytic solution may be performed are those which will provide from 150 to 300 amp. minutes per square foot of the aluminum surface being treated in accordance herewith. Most preferable results may be obtained in the practice of this invention where the electrolytic treatment conditions provide from 180 to 220 amp. minutes per square foot of aluminum surface being treated hereunder. While the amount of time required for the completion of the process of this invention may vary, according to the conditions of opera-tion under which it is practiced by the skilled worker, it has been found that satisfactory results can be obtained in a time period as little as thirty seconds. Most satisfactory results have been obtained when the process is practiced for from 60 to 90 seconds, although other periods of operation also provide satisfactory results.
The temperature at which the electrolytic graining process is con-ducted must be maintained at a high enough level to assure that a fine, uniform and substantially porous grain is obtained. It has been determined that satis-factory results are obtained when the temperature of operation is maintained at least at 40 degrees C. and above, and preferably between 40 degrees~C. and 60 degrees C.
It has most unexpectedly been found that the desired and advantageous B5~1 results of this invention are not obtained when the critical conditions of its operations are outside the scope of those set forth above. For example~ it has been found that when the ratio of nitric acid to hydrochloric acid is more than 6 or less than 4 to 1, the resultant surface of the aluminum sheet being treated is irregular non-porous and pitted, all characteristics the practice of this invention avoids~ The temperature at which the process is operated is likewise apparently critical in achieving the desired results. If the temperature at which the electrolytic graining is conducted is too low, for example, below 40 degrees C. the grain obtained is undesirably rough and not usually employable in the production of lithographic printing plates.
The elctrolytic graining process of this invention may be carried out in a batch, semi-continuous or continuous manner, employing the aluminum to be treated hereunder in the form of either sheets, foils or in continuous webs, as may be desired by the skilled worker.
The invention may be further illustrated by the following Examples.
A piece of aluminum foil 0.4 mm thick and measuring 4 inches square was immersed in a 5% w/w solution of NaOH for 30 seconds at room temperature to clean the surface thereof. The aluminum alloy was purchased as lithographic grade alumimlm Alloy No. 3003 from the Aluminum Company of America. The thus treated aluminum was then washed and immersed in an electrolytic bath contain-ing 0.4% by weight of HCl and 2.0% by weight of HN03 in deionized water. An alternating current at 16 volts and a current density of 232 amp. minutes per square foot was passed from the foil through the electrolyte to a counter electrode. The temperature of the electrolytic bath was maintained at about 42.5 degrees C. during the process. Only one side of the aluminum foil sample was grained, the back thereof being effectively masked. The foil was ~hen washed with water.
The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that the ratios of , A
~ -- 4 the hydrochloric and nitric acid electrolyte were varied.
The resultant grained foil was obtained and the surface roughness of the two foil samples were analyzed in a Scan-ning Electron Microscope (Cambridge Instrument Co., Stereo-scan-600 Model) with the following results:
Electrolyte Ratio HCl: HNO3 Results *
A 1:10 (SEM 283) Non-porous, irregu-lar pitted surface B 1:3 (SEM 287) Pitted, irregular C 1:5 (SEM 285) Porous, consistent uniform surface D 1:1 (SEM 289) Non-porous, irregu-lar surface * Scanning Electron Microscope Magnification = 2000 x From the foregoing, it can be seen that the practice of this invention provides a uniform, porous and non-pitted surface whereas the other surfaces do not possess the desired characteristics.
In order to produce presensitized lithographic print-ing plates from the aluminum sheets of this invention, the aluminum sheets are coated with a lithographically suitable photosensitive coating as taught and disclosed by United States Patents 3,046,120, and 3,181,461 and other like disclosures known to the skilled worker. In addition, if it is desired to employ an interlayer to bond the photosensitive coating to the surface of the aluminum, a sodium silicate interlayer as taught in United States Patent 2,714,066 may be employed, as is known to the skilled worker.
aluminum which is contemplated to be employed is that aluminum or those alumi-num alloys which are designed and intended for employment in the production of lithographic printing plates. Thus, the aluminum to be employed herein will normally be aluminum sheets and webs which are specifically designed for use in the manufacture of lithographic printing plates, including such alumi-num as is produced and sold by the Aluminum Company of America as lithographic grade Alloy No. 3003, or Alloy No. llO0, as generally known and understood in the industry.
The aluminum may then be electrolytically treated in accordance with the process of this invention.
The conditions under which the electrolytic treatment of the alumi-num sheet in the electrolytic solution may be performed are those which will provide from 150 to 300 amp. minutes per square foot of the aluminum surface being treated in accordance herewith. Most preferable results may be obtained in the practice of this invention where the electrolytic treatment conditions provide from 180 to 220 amp. minutes per square foot of aluminum surface being treated hereunder. While the amount of time required for the completion of the process of this invention may vary, according to the conditions of opera-tion under which it is practiced by the skilled worker, it has been found that satisfactory results can be obtained in a time period as little as thirty seconds. Most satisfactory results have been obtained when the process is practiced for from 60 to 90 seconds, although other periods of operation also provide satisfactory results.
The temperature at which the electrolytic graining process is con-ducted must be maintained at a high enough level to assure that a fine, uniform and substantially porous grain is obtained. It has been determined that satis-factory results are obtained when the temperature of operation is maintained at least at 40 degrees C. and above, and preferably between 40 degrees~C. and 60 degrees C.
It has most unexpectedly been found that the desired and advantageous B5~1 results of this invention are not obtained when the critical conditions of its operations are outside the scope of those set forth above. For example~ it has been found that when the ratio of nitric acid to hydrochloric acid is more than 6 or less than 4 to 1, the resultant surface of the aluminum sheet being treated is irregular non-porous and pitted, all characteristics the practice of this invention avoids~ The temperature at which the process is operated is likewise apparently critical in achieving the desired results. If the temperature at which the electrolytic graining is conducted is too low, for example, below 40 degrees C. the grain obtained is undesirably rough and not usually employable in the production of lithographic printing plates.
The elctrolytic graining process of this invention may be carried out in a batch, semi-continuous or continuous manner, employing the aluminum to be treated hereunder in the form of either sheets, foils or in continuous webs, as may be desired by the skilled worker.
The invention may be further illustrated by the following Examples.
A piece of aluminum foil 0.4 mm thick and measuring 4 inches square was immersed in a 5% w/w solution of NaOH for 30 seconds at room temperature to clean the surface thereof. The aluminum alloy was purchased as lithographic grade alumimlm Alloy No. 3003 from the Aluminum Company of America. The thus treated aluminum was then washed and immersed in an electrolytic bath contain-ing 0.4% by weight of HCl and 2.0% by weight of HN03 in deionized water. An alternating current at 16 volts and a current density of 232 amp. minutes per square foot was passed from the foil through the electrolyte to a counter electrode. The temperature of the electrolytic bath was maintained at about 42.5 degrees C. during the process. Only one side of the aluminum foil sample was grained, the back thereof being effectively masked. The foil was ~hen washed with water.
The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that the ratios of , A
~ -- 4 the hydrochloric and nitric acid electrolyte were varied.
The resultant grained foil was obtained and the surface roughness of the two foil samples were analyzed in a Scan-ning Electron Microscope (Cambridge Instrument Co., Stereo-scan-600 Model) with the following results:
Electrolyte Ratio HCl: HNO3 Results *
A 1:10 (SEM 283) Non-porous, irregu-lar pitted surface B 1:3 (SEM 287) Pitted, irregular C 1:5 (SEM 285) Porous, consistent uniform surface D 1:1 (SEM 289) Non-porous, irregu-lar surface * Scanning Electron Microscope Magnification = 2000 x From the foregoing, it can be seen that the practice of this invention provides a uniform, porous and non-pitted surface whereas the other surfaces do not possess the desired characteristics.
In order to produce presensitized lithographic print-ing plates from the aluminum sheets of this invention, the aluminum sheets are coated with a lithographically suitable photosensitive coating as taught and disclosed by United States Patents 3,046,120, and 3,181,461 and other like disclosures known to the skilled worker. In addition, if it is desired to employ an interlayer to bond the photosensitive coating to the surface of the aluminum, a sodium silicate interlayer as taught in United States Patent 2,714,066 may be employed, as is known to the skilled worker.
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method for electrolytically graining aluminum which comprises immersing the aluminum in an aqueous electrolytic solution containing a small but effective amount of a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids in the ratio of one part by weight of hydrochloric acid and from four to six parts by weight of nitric acid, applying thereto an alternating electric current of from 150 to 300 amp. minutes per square foot for a period of at least 30 seconds while maintaining the electrolytic solution at a temperature of not less than 40 degrees C.
2. The method of Claim 1 wherein the nitric acid is present in a con-centration of from 0.8% to 6.0% by weight.
3. The method of Claim 1 wherein the hydrochloric acid is present in a concentration of from 0.2% to 1.0% by weight.
4. The method of Claim 1 wherein the hydrochloric acid is present in a concentration of from 0.2% to 0.7% by weight; the nitric acid is present in a concentration of from 0.8% to 4.3% by weight; and the current is from 180 to 220 amp. minutes per square foot.
5. The method of Claim 1, wherein 1 part by weight of hydrochloric acid is combined with 5 parts by weight of nitric acid.
6. The method of Claim 1, 4 or 5 wherein the temperature of the elec-trolytic solution is maintained at a temperature of from 40 degrees C. to 60 degrees C.
7. The method of Claim 1 wherein the hydrochloric acid is present in a concentration of from 0.2% to 0.7% by weight; the nitric acid is present in a concentration of from 0.8% to 4.3% by weight; the weight ratio of hydrochloric acid to nitric acid is about 1:5; and the current is from 180 to 220 amp.
minutes per square foot.
minutes per square foot.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the temperature of the electrolytic solution is maintained at a temperature of from 40 degrees C. to 60 degrees C.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/787,192 US4072589A (en) | 1977-04-13 | 1977-04-13 | Process for electrolytic graining of aluminum sheet |
| US787,192 | 1977-04-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1090289A true CA1090289A (en) | 1980-11-25 |
Family
ID=25140695
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA293,359A Expired CA1090289A (en) | 1977-04-13 | 1977-12-19 | Process for electrolytic graining of aluminum sheet |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4072589A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6015720B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU515346B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1090289A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2810308A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2387302A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1544315A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7800142A (en) |
Families Citing this family (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4477317A (en) * | 1977-05-24 | 1984-10-16 | Polychrome Corporation | Aluminum substrates useful for lithographic printing plates |
| JPS5628893A (en) * | 1979-08-16 | 1981-03-23 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Carrier for lithography plate and manufacture of said carrier |
| JPS55158298A (en) * | 1979-05-30 | 1980-12-09 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Manufacture of support for lithographic plate |
| US4297184A (en) * | 1980-02-19 | 1981-10-27 | United Chemi-Con, Inc. | Method of etching aluminum |
| US4332652A (en) * | 1980-11-28 | 1982-06-01 | Sprague Electric Company | AC Etching of aluminum capacitor foil |
| US4416972A (en) * | 1981-06-26 | 1983-11-22 | American Hoechst Corporation | Electrolytic graining of aluminum with nitric and boric acids |
| DE3142488A1 (en) * | 1981-10-27 | 1983-05-05 | Klein, Klaus, Ing.(grad.), 3360 Osterode | Method of electrolytically graining aluminium plates or strips by means of alternating current and constant cathode potential |
| DE3217499A1 (en) * | 1982-05-10 | 1983-11-10 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICALLY Roughening ALUMINUM FOR PRINTING PLATE CARRIERS |
| DE3217552A1 (en) * | 1982-05-10 | 1983-11-10 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICALLY Roughening ALUMINUM FOR PRINTING PLATE CARRIERS |
| DE3305067A1 (en) * | 1983-02-14 | 1984-08-16 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | PLATE, FILM OR TAPE-SHAPED MATERIAL FROM MECHANICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICALLY Roughened ALUMINUM, A METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND ITS USE AS A CARRIER FOR OFFSET PRINTING PLATES |
| JPS6019593A (en) * | 1983-07-14 | 1985-01-31 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Manufacture of base for planographic printing plate |
| JPS6068997A (en) * | 1983-09-27 | 1985-04-19 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Manufacture of aluminum base for planographic printing plate |
| DE3400250A1 (en) * | 1984-01-05 | 1985-07-18 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICALLY Roughening ALUMINUM FOR PRINTING PLATE CARRIERS IN AN AQUEOUS MIXED ELECTROLYTE |
| DE3400248A1 (en) * | 1984-01-05 | 1985-07-18 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICALLY Roughening ALUMINUM FOR PRINTING PLATE CARRIERS IN AN AQUEOUS MIXED ELECTROLYTE |
| DE3400249A1 (en) * | 1984-01-05 | 1985-07-18 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICALLY Roughening ALUMINUM FOR PRINTING PLATE CARRIERS IN AN AQUEOUS MIXED ELECTROLYTE |
| DE3503927A1 (en) * | 1985-02-06 | 1986-08-07 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICALLY Roughening ALUMINUM FOR PRINTING PLATE CARRIERS |
| DE3503926A1 (en) * | 1985-02-06 | 1986-08-07 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICALLY Roughening ALUMINUM FOR PRINTING PLATE CARRIERS |
| DE3533532A1 (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1987-04-02 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICALLY Roughening ALUMINUM FOR PRINTING PLATE CARRIERS |
| DE3635304A1 (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1988-04-28 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICALLY Roughening ALUMINUM FOR PRINTING PLATE CARRIERS |
| US4721552A (en) * | 1987-04-27 | 1988-01-26 | Polychrome Corporation | Two-step method for electrolytically graining lithographic metal plates |
| US4777109A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1988-10-11 | Robert Gumbinner | RF plasma treated photosensitive lithographic printing plates |
| DE3717654A1 (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1988-12-08 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICALLY Roughening ALUMINUM FOR PRINTING PLATE CARRIERS |
| DE4001466A1 (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1991-07-25 | Hoechst Ag | Electrochemical roughening of aluminium for printing plate mfr. - using combination of mechanical and electrochemical roughening before and/or after main electrochemical roughening stage |
| DE4129909A1 (en) * | 1991-09-09 | 1993-03-11 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD FOR Roughening ALUMINUM OR. FROM ALUMINUM ALLOYS AS CARRIER MATERIAL FOR PRINTING PLATES AND A PRINTING PLATE |
| US5288372A (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1994-02-22 | Alumax Inc. | Altering a metal body surface |
| CN1083777C (en) * | 1995-11-24 | 2002-05-01 | 霍西尔绘图工业有限公司 | Hydrophilized support for planographic printing plates and its preparation |
| GB9624224D0 (en) | 1996-11-21 | 1997-01-08 | Horsell Graphic Ind Ltd | Planographic printing |
| GB9702568D0 (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 1997-03-26 | Horsell Graphic Ind Ltd | Planographic printing |
| US6357351B1 (en) | 1997-05-23 | 2002-03-19 | Kodak Polychrome Graphics Llc | Substrate for planographic printing |
| GB9710552D0 (en) | 1997-05-23 | 1997-07-16 | Horsell Graphic Ind Ltd | Planographic printing |
| US6293197B1 (en) | 1999-08-17 | 2001-09-25 | Kodak Polychrome Graphics | Hydrophilized substrate for planographic printing |
| JP4410714B2 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2010-02-03 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Method for producing support for lithographic printing plate |
| US9261336B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-02-16 | Mattel, Inc. | Toy projectile and method of making |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU134093A1 (en) * | 1959-06-15 | 1959-11-30 | Д.А. Гамбарова | Electrolyte for electrochemical etching of aluminum and its alloys |
| FR1267701A (en) * | 1960-09-20 | 1961-07-21 | Plessey Co Ltd | Process for the electrolytic treatment of metals |
| GB907264A (en) * | 1960-09-20 | 1962-10-03 | Plessey Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to electrolytic treatment of metals more particularly aluminium for increasing the effective surface |
| CH534214A (en) * | 1970-10-06 | 1973-02-28 | Alusuisse | Process for producing an even and fine roughening on aluminum surfaces |
| GB1392191A (en) * | 1971-07-09 | 1975-04-30 | Alcan Res & Dev | Process for electrograining aluminium |
| DE2250275A1 (en) * | 1972-10-13 | 1974-04-25 | Oce Van Der Grinten Nv | METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF ALUMINUM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING PLATES |
| GB1498179A (en) * | 1974-08-07 | 1978-01-18 | Kodak Ltd | Electrolytic graining of aluminium |
| US3935080A (en) * | 1974-10-02 | 1976-01-27 | Polychrome Corporation | Method of producing an aluminum base sheet for a printing plate |
-
1977
- 1977-04-13 US US05/787,192 patent/US4072589A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1977-11-21 JP JP52139787A patent/JPS6015720B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-08 GB GB51074/77A patent/GB1544315A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-12 AU AU31440/77A patent/AU515346B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-19 CA CA293,359A patent/CA1090289A/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-01-05 NL NL7800142A patent/NL7800142A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-01-13 FR FR7800991A patent/FR2387302A1/en active Granted
- 1978-03-09 DE DE19782810308 patent/DE2810308A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2387302B1 (en) | 1982-03-19 |
| GB1544315A (en) | 1979-04-19 |
| US4072589A (en) | 1978-02-07 |
| FR2387302A1 (en) | 1978-11-10 |
| DE2810308A1 (en) | 1978-10-26 |
| AU3144077A (en) | 1979-06-21 |
| JPS6015720B2 (en) | 1985-04-20 |
| JPS53129132A (en) | 1978-11-10 |
| NL7800142A (en) | 1978-10-17 |
| DE2810308C2 (en) | 1987-02-05 |
| AU515346B2 (en) | 1981-04-02 |
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Effective date: 19971125 |