CA1107473A - Conductive composite filaments - Google Patents
Conductive composite filamentsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1107473A CA1107473A CA308,673A CA308673A CA1107473A CA 1107473 A CA1107473 A CA 1107473A CA 308673 A CA308673 A CA 308673A CA 1107473 A CA1107473 A CA 1107473A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- filament
- conductive segments
- electrically conductive
- composite
- conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/09—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making electroconductive or anti-static filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
- D02G3/441—Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
- Y10T428/2924—Composite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2927—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including structurally defined particulate matter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
- Y10T428/2931—Fibers or filaments nonconcentric [e.g., side-by-side or eccentric, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A unitary, elongated, electrically conductive, composite, melt-spun filament which in transverse cross-section has from 2 to 8 electrically conductive segments whose inner ends are integral with each other at a common center located in the central interior portion of the filament and which radiate out-wardly from the center and extend to the perimeter of the filament with the outer ends of the electrically conductive segments being exposed on the outer surface of the filament. The spaces between the electrically conductive segments outwardly from center are filled with electrically non-conductive segments whereby the electrically conductive segments are isolated from each other except at the center and only the outer ends of the electrically conductive segments are exposed. The electrically conductive segments have an electrical resistance of less than 1 x 1013Q/cm and consist essentially of synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer containing uniformly dispersed therein from 3 to 40% by weight of electrically conductive carbon black. The electrically non-conductive segments consist essentially of synthetic thermo-plastic fiber-forming polymer, the electrically non-conductive segments being continuously bonded and having full adhesion to the electrically conductive segments along the entire length of the filament. The sum of the cross-sectional areas of the electrically conductive segments is less than 50% of the total cross-sectional area of the filament, and the sum of the exposed areas of the electrically conductive segments on the surface of the filament is less than 30% of the total surface area of the filament;
A unitary, elongated, electrically conductive, composite, melt-spun filament which in transverse cross-section has from 2 to 8 electrically conductive segments whose inner ends are integral with each other at a common center located in the central interior portion of the filament and which radiate out-wardly from the center and extend to the perimeter of the filament with the outer ends of the electrically conductive segments being exposed on the outer surface of the filament. The spaces between the electrically conductive segments outwardly from center are filled with electrically non-conductive segments whereby the electrically conductive segments are isolated from each other except at the center and only the outer ends of the electrically conductive segments are exposed. The electrically conductive segments have an electrical resistance of less than 1 x 1013Q/cm and consist essentially of synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer containing uniformly dispersed therein from 3 to 40% by weight of electrically conductive carbon black. The electrically non-conductive segments consist essentially of synthetic thermo-plastic fiber-forming polymer, the electrically non-conductive segments being continuously bonded and having full adhesion to the electrically conductive segments along the entire length of the filament. The sum of the cross-sectional areas of the electrically conductive segments is less than 50% of the total cross-sectional area of the filament, and the sum of the exposed areas of the electrically conductive segments on the surface of the filament is less than 30% of the total surface area of the filament;
Description
~1~7473 .
The present invention relates to conductive ; composite filaments, and particularly to conductive composite filaments composed of segments of a conductive component containing carbon black radially extending to at least two directions and segments of a non-conductive component which fill between said segments in the cross-section.
; It has been known that the static electricity is ~;~ generated in usual synthetic fibers, such as polyamide fibers, polyester fibers or acrylic fibers by friction and this is a drawback of the usual synthetic fibers.
A large number of proposals concerning the method ` for preventing the electric charge by giving conductivity to these usual synthetic fibers have been made.
One of the proposals is mixing of conductive carbon black in the synthetic fibers but when carbon black is mixed in the whole fibers to such a content that the conductivity is provided, the properties of the fibers, for example the spinnability, strength and elongation are ; decreased and further the whole fibers are blackened and the appearance is deteriorated.
;-~ For obviating the defect of the conductive fibers ` containing carbon black, U.S. Patent No. 3,803.453 has proposed the composite filaments wherein the conductive - component containing carbon black is used for the core ; 25 portion and the non-conductive polymer is used for the :
sheath portion. In this case, the black of the core compo-nent containing carbon black, if the cross-sectional area ratio of the core component in the composite filament is less than 50%, is not relatively noticed, because the core component is covered by the sheath component containing a ;
The present invention relates to conductive ; composite filaments, and particularly to conductive composite filaments composed of segments of a conductive component containing carbon black radially extending to at least two directions and segments of a non-conductive component which fill between said segments in the cross-section.
; It has been known that the static electricity is ~;~ generated in usual synthetic fibers, such as polyamide fibers, polyester fibers or acrylic fibers by friction and this is a drawback of the usual synthetic fibers.
A large number of proposals concerning the method ` for preventing the electric charge by giving conductivity to these usual synthetic fibers have been made.
One of the proposals is mixing of conductive carbon black in the synthetic fibers but when carbon black is mixed in the whole fibers to such a content that the conductivity is provided, the properties of the fibers, for example the spinnability, strength and elongation are ; decreased and further the whole fibers are blackened and the appearance is deteriorated.
;-~ For obviating the defect of the conductive fibers ` containing carbon black, U.S. Patent No. 3,803.453 has proposed the composite filaments wherein the conductive - component containing carbon black is used for the core ; 25 portion and the non-conductive polymer is used for the :
sheath portion. In this case, the black of the core compo-nent containing carbon black, if the cross-sectional area ratio of the core component in the composite filament is less than 50%, is not relatively noticed, because the core component is covered by the sheath component containing a ;
- 2 : `
~ . ' ~17473 delustering agent, for example TiO2 and the like.
However, the composite structure wherein the conductive core component is completely covered by the non-conductive sheath component, is disadvantageous for the object to provide a good antistatic property to fibrous produc-ts by blending such composite filaments in the non-conductive fibers. Finally, such composite filaments are relatively effective when the charge voltage is more than 5,000 volts, but U.S. Patent 3,969,559 has pointed out that when the charge voltage is lower than 3,500 volts, to which range the human body is sensitive, the discharging speed is considerably lower.
On the other hand, U.S. Patent 3,969,559 also has pro-posed the composite filament having the structure that the surface of the conductive component is partially exposed to the filament surface. In this composite filament, the conductive component is present eccentrically in the cross-section of the filament and a part of the conductive component is exposed to the filament sur-face. When this structure is composed with the structure wherein the conductive core component is completely covered by the non-conductive sheath component, an improved speed of discharge oflow voltage less than 3,500 volts to which the human body is sensitive, is obtained. However, the control of the degree of exposure of the conductive component to the fiber surface is very difficult in the production and in the case of commercial produc-tion, there are the drawbacks that the conductive component is excessively exposed and the black coloration of the filament is noticeable or reversely the conductive component is excessively covered with the non-conductive component (in some cases, the conductive component is completely covered with the non-conductive component) and the conductivity of the filament lowers as in the ~7473 above mentioned U.S. Patent.
An object of the present invention is to provide the ~- composlte filaments having excellent conductivity which can produce fibrous products having a good antistatic property by blending a very small amount of the composite filaments to usual non-conductive fibers.
A further object of the present invention is to provide the composite filaments having excellent conductivity and at the same time having low degree of black coloration.
10Another object of the present invention is to provide the composite filaments having the above described excellent properties, in which the stable cross-sectional shape can be commercially easily produced.
According to the invention, a unitary, elongated, electrically conductive composite, melt-spun filament in transverse cross section comprises from 2 to 8 electrically conductive segments whose inner ends are integral with each other at a common center located in the central interior portion of the filament and which radiate outwardly from said center j 20 and extend to the perimeter of the filament with the outer ends ;of said electrically conductive segments being exposed on the outer surface of said filament, the spaces between said electri-cally conductive segments outwardly from said center being filled ;,with electrically non-conductive segments whereby said electri-cally conductive segments are isolated from each other except at said center and only the outer ends of said electrically conductive segments are exposed, said electrically conductive segments having an electrical resistance of less than 1 x 1013Q/cm and consisting essentially of synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer containing uniformly dispersed therein from to 40~ by weight of electrically conductive carbon black, said electrically non-conductive segments consisting essentia]ly of synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer, said electri-cally non-conductive segments being continuously bonded and having full adhesion to said electrically conductive segments along the entire length of said filament, the sum of the cross-sectional areas of said electrically conductive segments being less than 50% of the total cross-sectional area of said filament and the sum of the exposed areas of said electrically conductive segments on the surface of said filament being less than 30~ of the total surface area of said filament.
A filament in accordance with the invention has excellent conductivity and discharging speed, is low in the black colored degree and is commercially easily produced.
A more detailed explanation will be made with respect to the conductive composite filaments of the present invention.
In the attached drawings, Figs. 1-7 show the cross-sectional views of the conductive composite filaments of the present invention wherein the segments of the conductive com-ponent are radially extended to two directions, Figs. 8 and 9show the cross-sectional views of the conductive composite fila-ments of the present invention wherein the segments of the conductive component are radially extended to three directions, Figs. 10-12 show the cross-sectional views of the conductive filaments of the present invention wherein the segments of the conductive component are radially extended to four directions, Fig. 13 shows the cross-sectional view of the conductive com-posite filament of the present invention wherein the segments of the conductive component are radially extended to five directions, Fig. 14 shows the cross-sectional view of the ~ .
,.h~
7~73 conductive composite filament of the present inventiDn wherein the segments of the conductive component are radially extended to six directions and Figs. 15 and 16 show the cross-sectional ; views of the known conductive composite filaments.
In each drawing, the numeral 2 shows the segment of the conductive component and the numerals l and 3 show the segments of the non-conductive component.
The term "composite filament composed of the segments of the conductive component radially extending to at least two directions and the segments composed of the non-conductive com-` ponent filling between the conductive segments in the cross-section" means the composite filaments having the cross-sections in which the segments 2 of the conductive component radially ex-tending to at least two directions and the segments 1 and 3 of the non-conductive component filling between the former segments are mutually bonded as shown in Figs. 1-14. In this case, as the number of the radiated segments of the conductive component becomes larger, the conductive and discharging performances are improved but at the same time the degree of black coloration increases, so that the number of segments is preferred to be 2-6, more particularly 2-4.
The characteristics of the conductive composite filaments of the present invention consist in the radial con-figuration of the conductive component.
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That is, in the cross-section of the filament, the segments of the conductive component are the radial segments which have the radial center in the inner portion of the filament, preferably in the vicinity of the center of the filament, so that said segments are exposed at at least two ; portions at the surface of the filament and the exposed portions are connected with each other at the inner portion of the filament. Therefore, the charge can pass the interior from one surface of the filament and is transferred to the other surface, so that the conductive ability and the dis-- charging ability are noticeably superior to those of the known conductive composite filaments wherein the conductive component is surrounded by the non-conductive component as shown in Fig. 15 or the conductive component is partially surrounded by the non-conductive component and one portion is exposed to the surface as shown in Fig. 16. Of course, i as the thickness of the segment of the conductive component ; is larger, the conductive ability of the whole composite filament is improved but it is desirable in view of the coloration degree of the whole filament that the thickness of said segment is thin. Accordingly, the cross-sectional area of said segment must be less than 50% of the cross-sectional area of the composite filament, preferably less than 35%, more particularly less than 10%. When the cross-sectional area of the segment of the conductive componentexceeds 50%, the black color of the composite filament is noticeable even in the product obtained by blending with other fibers and further the performance of the composite filament itself lowers. It is desirable in view of the total point of conductivity and coloration of the fibers ~1~7~73 `;.
that the thickness of the segment of the conductive component is substantially uniform. However, when the higher conduc-tivity and discharging ability are demanded, it is preferable that the exposed area of the conductive component is larger and the object can be accomplished by adopting the cross-; sectional shape as shown in Figs. 2 and 9 wherein the thick-ness of the top end portion of the segment of the conductive ~}
component is larger than the thickness of the inner portion.
Reversely, when the lower degree of black coloration, that is more excellent whiteness is required, the exposed area of the conductive component is preferred to be smaller and the ob~ect can be accomplished by adopting the cross-sectional ~` shape as shown in Fig. 3 wherein the thickness of the top end portion of the segment of the conductive component is smaller than the thickness of the inner portion. Furthermore, it is desirable that the area of the conductive component ~; exposed to the surface of the composite filament is less than 15% of the surface area of the filament.
The term "vicinity of the center" used herein means ~ 20 an inner area of similar shape and concentric to the cross- ` , ~, section of the filament and which has an area of one-third thereof. The conductive component constituting the composite filament of the present invention is composed of the synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer containing the conductive carbon black and the non-conductive component is composed of the synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer which is same as or different from the polymer constituting the conductive component.
The synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers ~[117473 ~ ``
involve polyamides, polyesters, polyvinyls, polyolefins, acrylic polymers and polyurethane.
As polyamides, for example, mention may be made of polycapramide, polyhexamethyleneadipamide, nylon-4, nylon-7, nylon-ll, nylon-12, nylon-610, poly-m-xylyleneadipamide and poly-p-xylyleneadipamide.
As polyesters, for example, mention may be made of polyethylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate, polyethylene oxybenzoate, 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane terephtha-late and polypivalolactone.
As polyvinyls, for example, mention may be made of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol and polystyrene.
As polyolefins, for example, mention may be made of polyethylene and polypropylene.
As acrylic polymers, for example, mention may be made of polyacrylonitrile and polymethacrylate.
Of course, copolymers consisting of monomers of the ., .
above described polymers and other known monomers also can be used.
Among the synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers, polyamides, polyesters and polyolefins are preferable in view of the practicability and spinnability.
i Moreover, the conductive components and the non-conductive components may be constituted with the same polymers as described above or with different polymers but the segments of both the components must fully adhere to each other, so that it is preferable that both the components are constituted with the same kind of polymers.
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;
. The conductive components are ones wherein as mentioned above, the conductive carbon black is dispersed in the synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymPrs but the amount of the carbon black in the polymers depends upon the kind of carbon blacks to be used but is 3-40% by weight based on the total amount of the conductive component, : preferably 5-30% by weight, more particularly 15-30% by . weight.
When the amount of carbon black is less than 3% by weight, the conductivity of the composite filament is not sufficient, while when said amount exceeds 40% by weight, it : is difficult to relatively uniformly disperse said carbon black in the polymers and even if the dispersion is made by the most effort, the fluidity of the polymer lowers and the :
: 15 spinning is hindered and such an amount is not preferable.
These conductive components a.re merely necessary that when the direct current of 1,000 volts is applied, the .. electrical resistance in the longitudinal direction is less : than lx10l3 Q/cm, preferably less than lxlOll Q/cm, more preferably less than lxlO9 Q/cm.
: If the electrical resistance exceeds lxlOl 3 Q/cm,when the usual. synthetic filaments are blended, the satis-factory antistatic property can not be obtained.
The electrical resistance of the conductive component used herein means the numerical value obtained by measuring by the following process.
Namely, the conductive component and the non-conductive component are conjugate spun and drawn and the resulting composite filament is cut in a length of 10 cm and the single filament is measured with respect to the electrical resistance in the longitudinal direction under 100 volts of direct current voltage. Furthermore, the resistance of the filament per a length of 1 cm is calculated as 1/10 of the resistance of the filament of a length of 10 cm. Moreover, the resistance value of one filament is, for example 10 times of the resistance value of 10 filaments. However, for the measurement of the electrical resistance, a high resist-ance meter ~made by Toa Denpa Kogyo Co. Ltd.~ was used.
In general, the resistance of the non-conductive component is, for example more than lxlO 16 ~/cm and is far larger than the resistance of the conductive component.
Accordingly, the resistance value measured by the above described process is substantially same as the resistance value of the conductive component.
The conductive carbon black may be dispersed in the polymer by well known mixing process. Ihe carbon black ; is thoroughly uniformly dispersed in the polymer and pre-caution must be paid so that the conductivity of the compo-site filament is not decreased owing to the non-uniformity of the dispersed state.
The conductive composite filaments of the present invention can be produced by a spinning apparatus capable of conjugate spinning of multi-component polymers while taking the properties of tne polymers to be used into consideration.
As such a spinning apparatus, one concretely disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,814,561 may be used.
The spun undrawn composite filaments are drawn by the conventional process at room temperature or under heating.
In this case9 for heating a heat roller, a heat pin and the like are used.
The cross-sectional shape of the composite filaments according to the present invention may be circular or non-circular When the conductive component is exposed at concave portions in the cross-section of the filament as shown in Figs. 6 and 11, there is the advantage that it is difficult to see the segment of the conductive component due ,.. .
to the refraction and reflection of light by the non-circular cross-sectional structure. Thus, the apparent coloration is reduced.
As one embodiment of application of the present invention, there is a conductive composite filament having self crimpability. In general, it has been well known that the composite filament wherein two components having differ-ent shrinkages are eccentrically arranged and bonded, has self crimpability but in the case of the present invention, the self crimpability can be obtained by using the two components having different shrinkages for the non-conductive component of the conductive composite filament. Such conductive composite filament having the sel-f crimpability is advantageous, because the conductive composite filament can be uniformly blended with other crimped non-conductive filaments.
In the conductive composite filaments of the present invention, the conductive component is exposed at two or more portions of the surface of the filament and all the exposed points are connected at the interior of the filament, so that the conductive ability and the discharging ability are noticeably excellent and the degree of black coloration is fairly low.
The composite filaments according to the present invention can be used in the form of continuous filaments or :' .~
':
.:
~7473 .:..
as the staple fibers and further by blending other fibers can then be formed into fibrous structures, such as, knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, carpets and the like.
When the composite filaments according to the present invention are used by blending with other fibers, the blend ratio may be optionally selected depending upon the object but in order to obtain the antistatic fibrous structures, it is merely necessary that the composite filaments according to the present invention are blended in the ratio of more than 0.1%, preferably more than 0.5~. In general, the larger the blend ratio, the stronger the antistatic property is. As the blending processes, all well known processes, ; for example, fiber mixing, mix spinning, doubling, doubling ` and twisting, may be used.
Thus, by blending a very small amount of the composite filaments according to the present invention to the other fibers, for example usual synthetic filaments, the fibrous products may be made to be antistatic without sub-stantially noticing the black coloration.
Furthermore, the composite filaments according to the present invention are characterized in that the filaments .. : .
having a constant cross-sectional shape can be commercially easily produced.
The following examples are given for the purpose of illustration of this invention and are1not intended as ; limitations thereof. In the examples, "%" means % by weight unless otherwise indicated.
`~ The properties of fabrics in the following examples were measured in the following manner.
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.
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.
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~ ~i7473 1. Electrical resistance of wad formed of filaments:
5 g of drawn filaments was cut and formed into a wad, the wad was interposed between two metal electrodes each having a diameter of 50 mm, and spaced apart from each otheT by 20 mm, and a voltage of 1,000 v was applied to the electrodes undeT an atmosphere kept at 20C and 40% RH, and the electrical resistance of the wad was measured by means of a high resistance meter (made by Toa Denpa Kogyo Co. Ltd.).
2. Charged voltage of knitted fabric due to friction:
A sample knitted fabric ~ras conditioned for 12 hours under an atmosphere kept at 20C and 30~ RH, and ~hen rubbed softly with a cotton cloth- 12 times under the same atmosphere. After lapse of a given time, the charged voltage of the rubbed knitted fabric was measured by means of an electrostatic induction type detector (made by Shishido Co. Ltd.).
~ . ' ~17473 delustering agent, for example TiO2 and the like.
However, the composite structure wherein the conductive core component is completely covered by the non-conductive sheath component, is disadvantageous for the object to provide a good antistatic property to fibrous produc-ts by blending such composite filaments in the non-conductive fibers. Finally, such composite filaments are relatively effective when the charge voltage is more than 5,000 volts, but U.S. Patent 3,969,559 has pointed out that when the charge voltage is lower than 3,500 volts, to which range the human body is sensitive, the discharging speed is considerably lower.
On the other hand, U.S. Patent 3,969,559 also has pro-posed the composite filament having the structure that the surface of the conductive component is partially exposed to the filament surface. In this composite filament, the conductive component is present eccentrically in the cross-section of the filament and a part of the conductive component is exposed to the filament sur-face. When this structure is composed with the structure wherein the conductive core component is completely covered by the non-conductive sheath component, an improved speed of discharge oflow voltage less than 3,500 volts to which the human body is sensitive, is obtained. However, the control of the degree of exposure of the conductive component to the fiber surface is very difficult in the production and in the case of commercial produc-tion, there are the drawbacks that the conductive component is excessively exposed and the black coloration of the filament is noticeable or reversely the conductive component is excessively covered with the non-conductive component (in some cases, the conductive component is completely covered with the non-conductive component) and the conductivity of the filament lowers as in the ~7473 above mentioned U.S. Patent.
An object of the present invention is to provide the ~- composlte filaments having excellent conductivity which can produce fibrous products having a good antistatic property by blending a very small amount of the composite filaments to usual non-conductive fibers.
A further object of the present invention is to provide the composite filaments having excellent conductivity and at the same time having low degree of black coloration.
10Another object of the present invention is to provide the composite filaments having the above described excellent properties, in which the stable cross-sectional shape can be commercially easily produced.
According to the invention, a unitary, elongated, electrically conductive composite, melt-spun filament in transverse cross section comprises from 2 to 8 electrically conductive segments whose inner ends are integral with each other at a common center located in the central interior portion of the filament and which radiate outwardly from said center j 20 and extend to the perimeter of the filament with the outer ends ;of said electrically conductive segments being exposed on the outer surface of said filament, the spaces between said electri-cally conductive segments outwardly from said center being filled ;,with electrically non-conductive segments whereby said electri-cally conductive segments are isolated from each other except at said center and only the outer ends of said electrically conductive segments are exposed, said electrically conductive segments having an electrical resistance of less than 1 x 1013Q/cm and consisting essentially of synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer containing uniformly dispersed therein from to 40~ by weight of electrically conductive carbon black, said electrically non-conductive segments consisting essentia]ly of synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer, said electri-cally non-conductive segments being continuously bonded and having full adhesion to said electrically conductive segments along the entire length of said filament, the sum of the cross-sectional areas of said electrically conductive segments being less than 50% of the total cross-sectional area of said filament and the sum of the exposed areas of said electrically conductive segments on the surface of said filament being less than 30~ of the total surface area of said filament.
A filament in accordance with the invention has excellent conductivity and discharging speed, is low in the black colored degree and is commercially easily produced.
A more detailed explanation will be made with respect to the conductive composite filaments of the present invention.
In the attached drawings, Figs. 1-7 show the cross-sectional views of the conductive composite filaments of the present invention wherein the segments of the conductive com-ponent are radially extended to two directions, Figs. 8 and 9show the cross-sectional views of the conductive composite fila-ments of the present invention wherein the segments of the conductive component are radially extended to three directions, Figs. 10-12 show the cross-sectional views of the conductive filaments of the present invention wherein the segments of the conductive component are radially extended to four directions, Fig. 13 shows the cross-sectional view of the conductive com-posite filament of the present invention wherein the segments of the conductive component are radially extended to five directions, Fig. 14 shows the cross-sectional view of the ~ .
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7~73 conductive composite filament of the present inventiDn wherein the segments of the conductive component are radially extended to six directions and Figs. 15 and 16 show the cross-sectional ; views of the known conductive composite filaments.
In each drawing, the numeral 2 shows the segment of the conductive component and the numerals l and 3 show the segments of the non-conductive component.
The term "composite filament composed of the segments of the conductive component radially extending to at least two directions and the segments composed of the non-conductive com-` ponent filling between the conductive segments in the cross-section" means the composite filaments having the cross-sections in which the segments 2 of the conductive component radially ex-tending to at least two directions and the segments 1 and 3 of the non-conductive component filling between the former segments are mutually bonded as shown in Figs. 1-14. In this case, as the number of the radiated segments of the conductive component becomes larger, the conductive and discharging performances are improved but at the same time the degree of black coloration increases, so that the number of segments is preferred to be 2-6, more particularly 2-4.
The characteristics of the conductive composite filaments of the present invention consist in the radial con-figuration of the conductive component.
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That is, in the cross-section of the filament, the segments of the conductive component are the radial segments which have the radial center in the inner portion of the filament, preferably in the vicinity of the center of the filament, so that said segments are exposed at at least two ; portions at the surface of the filament and the exposed portions are connected with each other at the inner portion of the filament. Therefore, the charge can pass the interior from one surface of the filament and is transferred to the other surface, so that the conductive ability and the dis-- charging ability are noticeably superior to those of the known conductive composite filaments wherein the conductive component is surrounded by the non-conductive component as shown in Fig. 15 or the conductive component is partially surrounded by the non-conductive component and one portion is exposed to the surface as shown in Fig. 16. Of course, i as the thickness of the segment of the conductive component ; is larger, the conductive ability of the whole composite filament is improved but it is desirable in view of the coloration degree of the whole filament that the thickness of said segment is thin. Accordingly, the cross-sectional area of said segment must be less than 50% of the cross-sectional area of the composite filament, preferably less than 35%, more particularly less than 10%. When the cross-sectional area of the segment of the conductive componentexceeds 50%, the black color of the composite filament is noticeable even in the product obtained by blending with other fibers and further the performance of the composite filament itself lowers. It is desirable in view of the total point of conductivity and coloration of the fibers ~1~7~73 `;.
that the thickness of the segment of the conductive component is substantially uniform. However, when the higher conduc-tivity and discharging ability are demanded, it is preferable that the exposed area of the conductive component is larger and the object can be accomplished by adopting the cross-; sectional shape as shown in Figs. 2 and 9 wherein the thick-ness of the top end portion of the segment of the conductive ~}
component is larger than the thickness of the inner portion.
Reversely, when the lower degree of black coloration, that is more excellent whiteness is required, the exposed area of the conductive component is preferred to be smaller and the ob~ect can be accomplished by adopting the cross-sectional ~` shape as shown in Fig. 3 wherein the thickness of the top end portion of the segment of the conductive component is smaller than the thickness of the inner portion. Furthermore, it is desirable that the area of the conductive component ~; exposed to the surface of the composite filament is less than 15% of the surface area of the filament.
The term "vicinity of the center" used herein means ~ 20 an inner area of similar shape and concentric to the cross- ` , ~, section of the filament and which has an area of one-third thereof. The conductive component constituting the composite filament of the present invention is composed of the synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer containing the conductive carbon black and the non-conductive component is composed of the synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer which is same as or different from the polymer constituting the conductive component.
The synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers ~[117473 ~ ``
involve polyamides, polyesters, polyvinyls, polyolefins, acrylic polymers and polyurethane.
As polyamides, for example, mention may be made of polycapramide, polyhexamethyleneadipamide, nylon-4, nylon-7, nylon-ll, nylon-12, nylon-610, poly-m-xylyleneadipamide and poly-p-xylyleneadipamide.
As polyesters, for example, mention may be made of polyethylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate, polyethylene oxybenzoate, 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane terephtha-late and polypivalolactone.
As polyvinyls, for example, mention may be made of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol and polystyrene.
As polyolefins, for example, mention may be made of polyethylene and polypropylene.
As acrylic polymers, for example, mention may be made of polyacrylonitrile and polymethacrylate.
Of course, copolymers consisting of monomers of the ., .
above described polymers and other known monomers also can be used.
Among the synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers, polyamides, polyesters and polyolefins are preferable in view of the practicability and spinnability.
i Moreover, the conductive components and the non-conductive components may be constituted with the same polymers as described above or with different polymers but the segments of both the components must fully adhere to each other, so that it is preferable that both the components are constituted with the same kind of polymers.
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. The conductive components are ones wherein as mentioned above, the conductive carbon black is dispersed in the synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymPrs but the amount of the carbon black in the polymers depends upon the kind of carbon blacks to be used but is 3-40% by weight based on the total amount of the conductive component, : preferably 5-30% by weight, more particularly 15-30% by . weight.
When the amount of carbon black is less than 3% by weight, the conductivity of the composite filament is not sufficient, while when said amount exceeds 40% by weight, it : is difficult to relatively uniformly disperse said carbon black in the polymers and even if the dispersion is made by the most effort, the fluidity of the polymer lowers and the :
: 15 spinning is hindered and such an amount is not preferable.
These conductive components a.re merely necessary that when the direct current of 1,000 volts is applied, the .. electrical resistance in the longitudinal direction is less : than lx10l3 Q/cm, preferably less than lxlOll Q/cm, more preferably less than lxlO9 Q/cm.
: If the electrical resistance exceeds lxlOl 3 Q/cm,when the usual. synthetic filaments are blended, the satis-factory antistatic property can not be obtained.
The electrical resistance of the conductive component used herein means the numerical value obtained by measuring by the following process.
Namely, the conductive component and the non-conductive component are conjugate spun and drawn and the resulting composite filament is cut in a length of 10 cm and the single filament is measured with respect to the electrical resistance in the longitudinal direction under 100 volts of direct current voltage. Furthermore, the resistance of the filament per a length of 1 cm is calculated as 1/10 of the resistance of the filament of a length of 10 cm. Moreover, the resistance value of one filament is, for example 10 times of the resistance value of 10 filaments. However, for the measurement of the electrical resistance, a high resist-ance meter ~made by Toa Denpa Kogyo Co. Ltd.~ was used.
In general, the resistance of the non-conductive component is, for example more than lxlO 16 ~/cm and is far larger than the resistance of the conductive component.
Accordingly, the resistance value measured by the above described process is substantially same as the resistance value of the conductive component.
The conductive carbon black may be dispersed in the polymer by well known mixing process. Ihe carbon black ; is thoroughly uniformly dispersed in the polymer and pre-caution must be paid so that the conductivity of the compo-site filament is not decreased owing to the non-uniformity of the dispersed state.
The conductive composite filaments of the present invention can be produced by a spinning apparatus capable of conjugate spinning of multi-component polymers while taking the properties of tne polymers to be used into consideration.
As such a spinning apparatus, one concretely disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,814,561 may be used.
The spun undrawn composite filaments are drawn by the conventional process at room temperature or under heating.
In this case9 for heating a heat roller, a heat pin and the like are used.
The cross-sectional shape of the composite filaments according to the present invention may be circular or non-circular When the conductive component is exposed at concave portions in the cross-section of the filament as shown in Figs. 6 and 11, there is the advantage that it is difficult to see the segment of the conductive component due ,.. .
to the refraction and reflection of light by the non-circular cross-sectional structure. Thus, the apparent coloration is reduced.
As one embodiment of application of the present invention, there is a conductive composite filament having self crimpability. In general, it has been well known that the composite filament wherein two components having differ-ent shrinkages are eccentrically arranged and bonded, has self crimpability but in the case of the present invention, the self crimpability can be obtained by using the two components having different shrinkages for the non-conductive component of the conductive composite filament. Such conductive composite filament having the sel-f crimpability is advantageous, because the conductive composite filament can be uniformly blended with other crimped non-conductive filaments.
In the conductive composite filaments of the present invention, the conductive component is exposed at two or more portions of the surface of the filament and all the exposed points are connected at the interior of the filament, so that the conductive ability and the discharging ability are noticeably excellent and the degree of black coloration is fairly low.
The composite filaments according to the present invention can be used in the form of continuous filaments or :' .~
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as the staple fibers and further by blending other fibers can then be formed into fibrous structures, such as, knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, carpets and the like.
When the composite filaments according to the present invention are used by blending with other fibers, the blend ratio may be optionally selected depending upon the object but in order to obtain the antistatic fibrous structures, it is merely necessary that the composite filaments according to the present invention are blended in the ratio of more than 0.1%, preferably more than 0.5~. In general, the larger the blend ratio, the stronger the antistatic property is. As the blending processes, all well known processes, ; for example, fiber mixing, mix spinning, doubling, doubling ` and twisting, may be used.
Thus, by blending a very small amount of the composite filaments according to the present invention to the other fibers, for example usual synthetic filaments, the fibrous products may be made to be antistatic without sub-stantially noticing the black coloration.
Furthermore, the composite filaments according to the present invention are characterized in that the filaments .. : .
having a constant cross-sectional shape can be commercially easily produced.
The following examples are given for the purpose of illustration of this invention and are1not intended as ; limitations thereof. In the examples, "%" means % by weight unless otherwise indicated.
`~ The properties of fabrics in the following examples were measured in the following manner.
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~ ~i7473 1. Electrical resistance of wad formed of filaments:
5 g of drawn filaments was cut and formed into a wad, the wad was interposed between two metal electrodes each having a diameter of 50 mm, and spaced apart from each otheT by 20 mm, and a voltage of 1,000 v was applied to the electrodes undeT an atmosphere kept at 20C and 40% RH, and the electrical resistance of the wad was measured by means of a high resistance meter (made by Toa Denpa Kogyo Co. Ltd.).
2. Charged voltage of knitted fabric due to friction:
A sample knitted fabric ~ras conditioned for 12 hours under an atmosphere kept at 20C and 30~ RH, and ~hen rubbed softly with a cotton cloth- 12 times under the same atmosphere. After lapse of a given time, the charged voltage of the rubbed knitted fabric was measured by means of an electrostatic induction type detector (made by Shishido Co. Ltd.).
3. Charged voltage of carpet due to friction:
A sample carpet was conditioned for 24 hours under an atmospher~ kept at 25C and 30% RH, and, then the charged voltage of the carpet due to friction was measured in the same manner as described in the measu~ement of the charged voltage of the knitted fabric due to friction in the above item 2.
A sample carpet was conditioned for 24 hours under an atmospher~ kept at 25C and 30% RH, and, then the charged voltage of the carpet due to friction was measured in the same manner as described in the measu~ement of the charged voltage of the knitted fabric due to friction in the above item 2.
4. Charged voltage of human body:
Charge voltage of human body ~as measured by the, "shuffling method" and "w~al~ing method" by means of a voltage tester according to JIS L-1021-1974.
Example 1 Nylon-6 having a TiO2 content of 2.0% and having a relative viscosity of 2.70 when measured in 1~ solution of the nylon in sulfuric acid was used as a non-conductive component. Carbon black-containing nylon-6 produced by dispersing 25% of conductive carbon black in the same nylon-6 was used as a conductive component. The two compo-nents were conjugate spun at a spinning temperature of 285Cthrough a spinneret disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,814,561 and having 24 circular holes by melt spinning. The spun filaments were taken up on a bobbin at a take-up rate of 800 m/min, while forming into 8 multifilaments, each consisting of 3 filaments. Then, the taken-up filaments were drawn at a draw ratio of 3.1 on a hot pin having a diameter of 60 mm and kept at 110C to obtain drawn filaments of 20 deniers/
3 filaments, which had an elongation of 40%. The resulting drawn filament had a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 1, wherein segments formed of the conductive component extended radially from the center of the filament in two directions making an angle of 180. In the filament, the conjugate ratio of the conductive component to the non-conductive component was 1:9 (the conjugate ratio is expressed by the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the conductive component to that of the non-conductive component).
The resulting composite filaments were scoured in an aqueous solution containing 4% of Na2CO3 and 1% of a surfactant (trademark: Scourol #900, made by Kao Atlas Co.) at 80C for 30 minutes, washed thoroughly with water and dried in air. The electrical resistance of the above treated composite filaments, and the electrical resistance of the wad formed of the above treated composite filaments were measured. The obtained results are as follows.
~79~73 :, .
Electrical resistance of 9 x 108 the composite filaments .1 ~ cm ~, - of the wad 8.9 x 1. o7 Q
__ ~.' Then, a tubular knitted fabric consisting mainly of ordinary non-conductive nylon-6 drawn filaments of 210 deniers/54 filaments and containing about 1% of the above obtained composite filaments, which were arranged in the fabric and spaced apart from each other at intervals of 6 mm, was produced. The resulting tubular knitted fabric was scoured, washed with water and dried in air in the same manner as described above, and then the charged voltage (after 1 second and after 60 seconds) of the tubular knitted fabric due to friction was measured. The obtained results are as follows.
- -~ After After 1 second 60 seconds :' _ Charged voltage 1.6 kv 1.0 kv '.' As described above, in the composite filament having the cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 1, segments of the conductive component are exposed to the filament surface at two portions in the cross-section of the filament, and the exposed segments are interconnected with each other in the interior of the filament. Therefore, the wad formed of the filament, which is a most resembled shape used in practice, has a very excellent conductive property and further is excellent in the antistatic property shown by the charged voltage due to friction.
The excellent conductive property and antistatic property of the composite filament of the present invention will be clearly understood from the comparison of the properties with those of the filament obtained in the following Comparative Examples.
Comparative Example 1 Sheath-core conductive composite filaments having a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 15 were conjugate spun and drawn according to the method disclosed in U.S.
Patent 3,803,453. The core component was the same 25% carbon black-containing nylon-6 as used in Example 1, and the sheath component was the same nylon-6 as used in Example 1.
The conjugate ratio of the core component (conductive component) to the sheath component (non-conductive component) was 1:9. The resulting drawn composite filaments (20 deniers/
3 filaments) had an elongation of 40%.
The drawn composite filaments were scoured, washed with water and dried in air in the same manner as described in Example 1, and then the electrical resistance of the compo--~ site filaments in the longitudinal axis direction was measured in the same manner as described in Example 1. Further, the electrical resistance of a wad formed of the composite filaments was measured. The obtained results are as follows.
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Electrical resistance of 9 5 x 108 Q/cm the composite filaments .
_ Electrical resistance 1.1 x 10 9 Q
-~7~73 :
A tubular knitted fabric containing the sheath-core composite filaments was produced in the same manner as described in Example 1, and the fabric was scoured, washed with water and dried in air in the same manner as described in Example 1. Then, the charged voltage ~after 1 second and after 60 seconds) of the fabric due to friction was measured.
The obtained results are as follows.
_ ............... .. _ ._ After After 1 second 60 seconds . ._ ._ _ _. _ ._ Charged voltage 1.6 kv 1.0 kv Comparative Example 2 Conductive composite filaments having a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 16, wherein a conductive component was partially surrounded with a non-conductive component, and 25% of the surface area of the conductive component was exposed to the filament surface, was conjugate spun and the extruded filaments were drawn according to the method disclosed in Japanese patent published unexamined application No. 143,723/76. The conjugate ratio of the conductive eomponent to the non-conductive component was 1:9, and the resulting drawn composite filaments ~20 deniers/
3 filaments) had an elongation of 40%.
The drawn composite filament was scoured, washed with water and dried in air in the same manner as described in Example 1, and then the electrical resistance of the composite filaments in the longitudinal axis direction was measured in the same manner as described in Example 1.
Fur~her, the electrical resistance of a wad formed of the composite filaments was measured. The obtained results are as follows.
.._ _ Electrical resistance of g z x lo8 ~/cm the composite filament .
. _ ._ Electrical resistance 6.0 x lo8 ~
Further, a tubular knitted fabric containing the composite filaments was produced in the same manner as described in Example 1, and the fabric was scoured, washed with water and dried in air in the same manner as described in Example 1. Then, the charged voltage ~after 1 second and after 60 seconds) of the fabric due to friction was measured.
The obtained results are as follows.
_ After After 1 second 60 seconds :.
Charged voltage 2.4 kv 1.9 kv Moreover, it was required a greatest care to a produce continuously and stably the composite filament having a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 16 of this Comparative Example 2.
Example 2 Three kinds of composite filaments having a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 1 were produced in the same manner as described in Example 1, except using carbon ~7473 .
black-containing nylon-6 produced by dispersing 15%, 20~ or - 30% of conductive carbon black in nylon-6. The electrical properties of the resulting three kinds of composite filaments were examined, and the obtained results are shown in the following Table 1. The drawing was carried out according to the manner described in Example 1 so that the resulting three kinds of drawn filaments had an elongation of 40%.
Further, scouring and other treatments were carried out in the same manner as described in Example 1.
Table 1 Content of Electrical resistance Experiment of conductive Composite Wad formed , No. component filament of composite ~%) (~/cm~ filament " ..
2-1 15 1.1 x loll 6.1 x 2-2 20 7.1 x 109 9.2 x 108 : 2-3 30 1.4 x lo8 1 5 x 107 Example 3 Three kinds of composite filaments having a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 1, wherein segments consist-ing of 25% carbon black-containing nylon-6 conductive component were extended radially from the center of the filament in two directions making an angle of 180~ and having a conjugate ratio of conductive component to non-conductive component of 2:8, 3:7 or 4:6, were produced, and the electrical properties of the composite filaments were examined. The materials used in the production of the composite filaments, the production method thereof and the scouring and other treatments are exactly same as those used in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the follow-ing Table 2. The resulting three kinds of composite filaments had an elongation of 40%.
Table 2 ,_ , , , --- -. . (conductive Strength Electrical resistance Experlment component:non- of Composite Wad formed No.conductivefilament filament of filament component) (g/d) (~/cm) (~) ,__,, , , _ 3-1 2 : 8 3.3 4.5 x 108 6.0 x 107 . 3-2 3 : 7 2.7 3.0 x 108 3.8 x 107 ;: _~4 : 6 2.1 2.2 x 1o8 2.9 ~ lo7 It can be seen from Table 2 that when the conjugate ratio of the conductive component is higher, the resulting composite filament is more excellent in the electrical resistance, but the strength of the filament lowers.
Purther, the degree of black coloration is higher, as the conjugate ratio of conductive component is higher.
Example 4 Composite filaments hav-ing segments of a conductive component, which were extended radially in 3 to 6 directions in the cross-section of the filament as shown in Fig. 8, 10, 13 or 14, were produced (conjugate ratio of conductive component to non-conductive component is 1:9), and the electrical resistance and antistatic property of the resulting filaments were examined. The used material 9 the production .
method of the composite filaments, the scouring treatment, and the production method of tubular knitted fabric are same with those of Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the following Table 3. For the reference, the electric resistance of the composite filament obtained in Example 1 and the charged voltage of the tubular knitted fabric containing the composite filaments due to friction are also shown in Table 3.
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: Table 3 . _ ,._ . _ .
Conjugate type Electrical resistance Charged _ voltage Number of (kv) Exper- radially _ iment extending Composite Wad formed No. Fig. segments filament of filament after after of con- (Q/cm) (~) 1 60 ductive second seconds component ~ ._ _ ._ ._ ._ 1-1 1 2 9.1 X 108 8.9 X 107 1.6 1.0 4-1 8 3 9.4 x 108 7.5 x 107 1.5 1.0 4-2 10 4 9.5 x 108 6.6 x 107 1.3 0.9 4-3 13 5 g.4 x lOe 6.1 x 107 1.2 0.9 - 4-4 14 _ ~ 9.6 x 108 6.0 x lo7 1.2 0.9 Further, the composite filaments having 5 and 6 radially extending conductive component segments are somewhat higher in the degree of black coloration than the composite filaments having 2 to 4 radially ex~ending conductive component segments.
Example 5 Polyethylene tetraphthalate having an intrinsic 11~7~73 viscosity of 0.645 and a TiO2 content of 2.0% was used as a non-conductive component, and carbon black-containing polyethylene terephthalate, which was obtained by dispersing 25% of conductive carbon black partlcles in the same poly-ethylene terephthalate, was used as a conductive component.The two components were conjugate spun at a spinning temper-ature of 290C by means of an extruder type melt spinning apparatus. A spinneret disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,814,561 but having 8 circular holes was used, and the extruded filaments were taken up on a bobbin at a take-up rate of 700 m/min through an oiling roller, while forming into 8 monofilaments. The taken-up filaments were drawn at a draw-ratio of 3.5 on a roller heated at 80C to obtain drawn filaments (I) of 20 deniers/l filament having an elongation of 43%. The cross-section of the resulting drawn filament had conductive component segments radially extending from the center of the filament in two directions making an angle of 180 as shown in Fig. 1. In the filaments, the conjugate ratio of the conductive component to the non-conductive component was 1:9.
Then, the same conductive component and non-conductive component as used in Example 1 were conjugate spun by means of the same spinning apparatus as described above. The same spinneret as described above was used, and the extruded filaments were taken up on a bobbin at a take-up rate of 650 m/min through an oiling roller, while forming into eight monofilaments. The taken-up filaments were drawn under the same condition as described above to - obtain drawn filaments (II) of 20 deniers/l filament having an elongation of 40%. The resulting drawn filament had the :
` 11~7~73 same cross-sectional shape and conjugate ratio as described -~ above.
: The resulting two kinds of composite filaments were scoured, washed with water and dried in the same manner as described in Example 1, and the electrical resistance of ~;~the conductive components of the filaments was measured.
.Then, tubular knitted fabrics containing these conductive composite filaments were produced in the same manner as described in Example 1, and scoured, washed with water and dried in the same manner as described in Example ....
:~1, and then the charged voltage (after 1 second and after 60 seconds) of the fabrics due to friction were measured.
:The obtained results are shown in the following Table 4.
Table 4 ,: .
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Electrical Charged voltage Experiment Composite resistance (kv) No.filament filament after after (Q/cm) 1 second 60 seconds . . . . ......... . __
Charge voltage of human body ~as measured by the, "shuffling method" and "w~al~ing method" by means of a voltage tester according to JIS L-1021-1974.
Example 1 Nylon-6 having a TiO2 content of 2.0% and having a relative viscosity of 2.70 when measured in 1~ solution of the nylon in sulfuric acid was used as a non-conductive component. Carbon black-containing nylon-6 produced by dispersing 25% of conductive carbon black in the same nylon-6 was used as a conductive component. The two compo-nents were conjugate spun at a spinning temperature of 285Cthrough a spinneret disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,814,561 and having 24 circular holes by melt spinning. The spun filaments were taken up on a bobbin at a take-up rate of 800 m/min, while forming into 8 multifilaments, each consisting of 3 filaments. Then, the taken-up filaments were drawn at a draw ratio of 3.1 on a hot pin having a diameter of 60 mm and kept at 110C to obtain drawn filaments of 20 deniers/
3 filaments, which had an elongation of 40%. The resulting drawn filament had a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 1, wherein segments formed of the conductive component extended radially from the center of the filament in two directions making an angle of 180. In the filament, the conjugate ratio of the conductive component to the non-conductive component was 1:9 (the conjugate ratio is expressed by the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the conductive component to that of the non-conductive component).
The resulting composite filaments were scoured in an aqueous solution containing 4% of Na2CO3 and 1% of a surfactant (trademark: Scourol #900, made by Kao Atlas Co.) at 80C for 30 minutes, washed thoroughly with water and dried in air. The electrical resistance of the above treated composite filaments, and the electrical resistance of the wad formed of the above treated composite filaments were measured. The obtained results are as follows.
~79~73 :, .
Electrical resistance of 9 x 108 the composite filaments .1 ~ cm ~, - of the wad 8.9 x 1. o7 Q
__ ~.' Then, a tubular knitted fabric consisting mainly of ordinary non-conductive nylon-6 drawn filaments of 210 deniers/54 filaments and containing about 1% of the above obtained composite filaments, which were arranged in the fabric and spaced apart from each other at intervals of 6 mm, was produced. The resulting tubular knitted fabric was scoured, washed with water and dried in air in the same manner as described above, and then the charged voltage (after 1 second and after 60 seconds) of the tubular knitted fabric due to friction was measured. The obtained results are as follows.
- -~ After After 1 second 60 seconds :' _ Charged voltage 1.6 kv 1.0 kv '.' As described above, in the composite filament having the cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 1, segments of the conductive component are exposed to the filament surface at two portions in the cross-section of the filament, and the exposed segments are interconnected with each other in the interior of the filament. Therefore, the wad formed of the filament, which is a most resembled shape used in practice, has a very excellent conductive property and further is excellent in the antistatic property shown by the charged voltage due to friction.
The excellent conductive property and antistatic property of the composite filament of the present invention will be clearly understood from the comparison of the properties with those of the filament obtained in the following Comparative Examples.
Comparative Example 1 Sheath-core conductive composite filaments having a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 15 were conjugate spun and drawn according to the method disclosed in U.S.
Patent 3,803,453. The core component was the same 25% carbon black-containing nylon-6 as used in Example 1, and the sheath component was the same nylon-6 as used in Example 1.
The conjugate ratio of the core component (conductive component) to the sheath component (non-conductive component) was 1:9. The resulting drawn composite filaments (20 deniers/
3 filaments) had an elongation of 40%.
The drawn composite filaments were scoured, washed with water and dried in air in the same manner as described in Example 1, and then the electrical resistance of the compo--~ site filaments in the longitudinal axis direction was measured in the same manner as described in Example 1. Further, the electrical resistance of a wad formed of the composite filaments was measured. The obtained results are as follows.
., .
Electrical resistance of 9 5 x 108 Q/cm the composite filaments .
_ Electrical resistance 1.1 x 10 9 Q
-~7~73 :
A tubular knitted fabric containing the sheath-core composite filaments was produced in the same manner as described in Example 1, and the fabric was scoured, washed with water and dried in air in the same manner as described in Example 1. Then, the charged voltage ~after 1 second and after 60 seconds) of the fabric due to friction was measured.
The obtained results are as follows.
_ ............... .. _ ._ After After 1 second 60 seconds . ._ ._ _ _. _ ._ Charged voltage 1.6 kv 1.0 kv Comparative Example 2 Conductive composite filaments having a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 16, wherein a conductive component was partially surrounded with a non-conductive component, and 25% of the surface area of the conductive component was exposed to the filament surface, was conjugate spun and the extruded filaments were drawn according to the method disclosed in Japanese patent published unexamined application No. 143,723/76. The conjugate ratio of the conductive eomponent to the non-conductive component was 1:9, and the resulting drawn composite filaments ~20 deniers/
3 filaments) had an elongation of 40%.
The drawn composite filament was scoured, washed with water and dried in air in the same manner as described in Example 1, and then the electrical resistance of the composite filaments in the longitudinal axis direction was measured in the same manner as described in Example 1.
Fur~her, the electrical resistance of a wad formed of the composite filaments was measured. The obtained results are as follows.
.._ _ Electrical resistance of g z x lo8 ~/cm the composite filament .
. _ ._ Electrical resistance 6.0 x lo8 ~
Further, a tubular knitted fabric containing the composite filaments was produced in the same manner as described in Example 1, and the fabric was scoured, washed with water and dried in air in the same manner as described in Example 1. Then, the charged voltage ~after 1 second and after 60 seconds) of the fabric due to friction was measured.
The obtained results are as follows.
_ After After 1 second 60 seconds :.
Charged voltage 2.4 kv 1.9 kv Moreover, it was required a greatest care to a produce continuously and stably the composite filament having a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 16 of this Comparative Example 2.
Example 2 Three kinds of composite filaments having a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 1 were produced in the same manner as described in Example 1, except using carbon ~7473 .
black-containing nylon-6 produced by dispersing 15%, 20~ or - 30% of conductive carbon black in nylon-6. The electrical properties of the resulting three kinds of composite filaments were examined, and the obtained results are shown in the following Table 1. The drawing was carried out according to the manner described in Example 1 so that the resulting three kinds of drawn filaments had an elongation of 40%.
Further, scouring and other treatments were carried out in the same manner as described in Example 1.
Table 1 Content of Electrical resistance Experiment of conductive Composite Wad formed , No. component filament of composite ~%) (~/cm~ filament " ..
2-1 15 1.1 x loll 6.1 x 2-2 20 7.1 x 109 9.2 x 108 : 2-3 30 1.4 x lo8 1 5 x 107 Example 3 Three kinds of composite filaments having a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 1, wherein segments consist-ing of 25% carbon black-containing nylon-6 conductive component were extended radially from the center of the filament in two directions making an angle of 180~ and having a conjugate ratio of conductive component to non-conductive component of 2:8, 3:7 or 4:6, were produced, and the electrical properties of the composite filaments were examined. The materials used in the production of the composite filaments, the production method thereof and the scouring and other treatments are exactly same as those used in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the follow-ing Table 2. The resulting three kinds of composite filaments had an elongation of 40%.
Table 2 ,_ , , , --- -. . (conductive Strength Electrical resistance Experlment component:non- of Composite Wad formed No.conductivefilament filament of filament component) (g/d) (~/cm) (~) ,__,, , , _ 3-1 2 : 8 3.3 4.5 x 108 6.0 x 107 . 3-2 3 : 7 2.7 3.0 x 108 3.8 x 107 ;: _~4 : 6 2.1 2.2 x 1o8 2.9 ~ lo7 It can be seen from Table 2 that when the conjugate ratio of the conductive component is higher, the resulting composite filament is more excellent in the electrical resistance, but the strength of the filament lowers.
Purther, the degree of black coloration is higher, as the conjugate ratio of conductive component is higher.
Example 4 Composite filaments hav-ing segments of a conductive component, which were extended radially in 3 to 6 directions in the cross-section of the filament as shown in Fig. 8, 10, 13 or 14, were produced (conjugate ratio of conductive component to non-conductive component is 1:9), and the electrical resistance and antistatic property of the resulting filaments were examined. The used material 9 the production .
method of the composite filaments, the scouring treatment, and the production method of tubular knitted fabric are same with those of Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the following Table 3. For the reference, the electric resistance of the composite filament obtained in Example 1 and the charged voltage of the tubular knitted fabric containing the composite filaments due to friction are also shown in Table 3.
;
: Table 3 . _ ,._ . _ .
Conjugate type Electrical resistance Charged _ voltage Number of (kv) Exper- radially _ iment extending Composite Wad formed No. Fig. segments filament of filament after after of con- (Q/cm) (~) 1 60 ductive second seconds component ~ ._ _ ._ ._ ._ 1-1 1 2 9.1 X 108 8.9 X 107 1.6 1.0 4-1 8 3 9.4 x 108 7.5 x 107 1.5 1.0 4-2 10 4 9.5 x 108 6.6 x 107 1.3 0.9 4-3 13 5 g.4 x lOe 6.1 x 107 1.2 0.9 - 4-4 14 _ ~ 9.6 x 108 6.0 x lo7 1.2 0.9 Further, the composite filaments having 5 and 6 radially extending conductive component segments are somewhat higher in the degree of black coloration than the composite filaments having 2 to 4 radially ex~ending conductive component segments.
Example 5 Polyethylene tetraphthalate having an intrinsic 11~7~73 viscosity of 0.645 and a TiO2 content of 2.0% was used as a non-conductive component, and carbon black-containing polyethylene terephthalate, which was obtained by dispersing 25% of conductive carbon black partlcles in the same poly-ethylene terephthalate, was used as a conductive component.The two components were conjugate spun at a spinning temper-ature of 290C by means of an extruder type melt spinning apparatus. A spinneret disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,814,561 but having 8 circular holes was used, and the extruded filaments were taken up on a bobbin at a take-up rate of 700 m/min through an oiling roller, while forming into 8 monofilaments. The taken-up filaments were drawn at a draw-ratio of 3.5 on a roller heated at 80C to obtain drawn filaments (I) of 20 deniers/l filament having an elongation of 43%. The cross-section of the resulting drawn filament had conductive component segments radially extending from the center of the filament in two directions making an angle of 180 as shown in Fig. 1. In the filaments, the conjugate ratio of the conductive component to the non-conductive component was 1:9.
Then, the same conductive component and non-conductive component as used in Example 1 were conjugate spun by means of the same spinning apparatus as described above. The same spinneret as described above was used, and the extruded filaments were taken up on a bobbin at a take-up rate of 650 m/min through an oiling roller, while forming into eight monofilaments. The taken-up filaments were drawn under the same condition as described above to - obtain drawn filaments (II) of 20 deniers/l filament having an elongation of 40%. The resulting drawn filament had the :
` 11~7~73 same cross-sectional shape and conjugate ratio as described -~ above.
: The resulting two kinds of composite filaments were scoured, washed with water and dried in the same manner as described in Example 1, and the electrical resistance of ~;~the conductive components of the filaments was measured.
.Then, tubular knitted fabrics containing these conductive composite filaments were produced in the same manner as described in Example 1, and scoured, washed with water and dried in the same manner as described in Example ....
:~1, and then the charged voltage (after 1 second and after 60 seconds) of the fabrics due to friction were measured.
:The obtained results are shown in the following Table 4.
Table 4 ,: .
. . . ~ ...
Electrical Charged voltage Experiment Composite resistance (kv) No.filament filament after after (Q/cm) 1 second 60 seconds . . . . ......... . __
5-1I 9.8 x 108 1.7 1.2 5-2II 3.2 x 1 0 8 1.6 1.1 It can be seen from Table 4 that, even when polyester is used as a polymer for constituting a composite filament, the resulting conductive composite filament has substantially the same excellent performance as that of a ~: composite filament using polyamide.
11~74~3 Exam~le 6 Nylon-6 having a TiO2 content of 2.0% and having a relative viscosity of 2.70 when measured in 1% solution of - the nylon in sulfuric acid, and a nylon-6 copolymer having a TiO2 content of 2.0% and having a relative viscosity of 2.57 .
when measured in 1% solution of the copolymer in sulfuric acid, which was produced by copolymerizing 10% of hexa-, methylenediammonium isophthalate with 90% of nylon-6, were used as non-conductive components. Carbon black-containing nylon-6 produced by dispersing 20% of conductive carbon black paticles in nylon-6 having a relative viscosity of 2.70 in sulfuric acid was used as a conductive component.
, The three components were conjugate spun by means of an extruder type melt spinning apparatus. The spinning and drawing conditions were same as those in Example 1.
The resulting drawn filament (20 deniers/3 filament) had a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 1, wherein a ; segment (2) of the conductive component was interposed between a segment (1) of the non-conductive component of the nylon-6 and a segment (3) of the non-conductive component of the nylon-6 copolymer, and had a conjugate ratio of the non-conductive component to the conductive component of 9(4.5X2):1.
The composite filaments were scoured, washed with water and dried in the same manner as described in Example 1, and the electrical resistance of the conductive component and that of a wad formed of the composite filaments were measured. The obtained results are as follows.
.
~7473 .',''',. .
, .. _ _ Electrical resistance 7 109 of composite filament .2 x Q/cm . . _ .. _ . _ of the wad 1 7.7 x 10 :. _ ':
; The composite filaments were further treated withboiling water to develop fine three-dimensional crimps, and a tubular knitted fabric containing the crimped composite filaments was produced in the same manner as described in Example 1. The tubular knitted fabric was scoured, washed with water and dried, and then the charged voltage (after 1 ~ second and after 60 seconds) of the fabric due to friction was measured. The obtained results are as follows.
._ _ _ After After 1 second 60 seconds Charged voltage 1.8 kv 1.1 kv Example 7 Each of the conductive composite filaments (20 deniers/3 filaments) obtained in Example 1 and Compara-tive Examples 1 and 2 and the conductive composite filaments (20 deniers/3 filaments) obtained in Example 4, which had such a cross-section that the segments of the conductive component extended radially in four directions crossed at an angle of 90, was doubled with a crimped non-conductive nylon-6 filament (2,600 deniers/128 filaments) to produce four kinds of antistatic filaments (2,620 deniers/
~ 131 filaments) for carpet. Each of the resulting four kinds ,~.
`` 11~7473 of antistatic filaments was tufted into a loop pile carpet having a gauge of 1/8, a stitch of 8 and a pile height of
11~74~3 Exam~le 6 Nylon-6 having a TiO2 content of 2.0% and having a relative viscosity of 2.70 when measured in 1% solution of - the nylon in sulfuric acid, and a nylon-6 copolymer having a TiO2 content of 2.0% and having a relative viscosity of 2.57 .
when measured in 1% solution of the copolymer in sulfuric acid, which was produced by copolymerizing 10% of hexa-, methylenediammonium isophthalate with 90% of nylon-6, were used as non-conductive components. Carbon black-containing nylon-6 produced by dispersing 20% of conductive carbon black paticles in nylon-6 having a relative viscosity of 2.70 in sulfuric acid was used as a conductive component.
, The three components were conjugate spun by means of an extruder type melt spinning apparatus. The spinning and drawing conditions were same as those in Example 1.
The resulting drawn filament (20 deniers/3 filament) had a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 1, wherein a ; segment (2) of the conductive component was interposed between a segment (1) of the non-conductive component of the nylon-6 and a segment (3) of the non-conductive component of the nylon-6 copolymer, and had a conjugate ratio of the non-conductive component to the conductive component of 9(4.5X2):1.
The composite filaments were scoured, washed with water and dried in the same manner as described in Example 1, and the electrical resistance of the conductive component and that of a wad formed of the composite filaments were measured. The obtained results are as follows.
.
~7473 .',''',. .
, .. _ _ Electrical resistance 7 109 of composite filament .2 x Q/cm . . _ .. _ . _ of the wad 1 7.7 x 10 :. _ ':
; The composite filaments were further treated withboiling water to develop fine three-dimensional crimps, and a tubular knitted fabric containing the crimped composite filaments was produced in the same manner as described in Example 1. The tubular knitted fabric was scoured, washed with water and dried, and then the charged voltage (after 1 ~ second and after 60 seconds) of the fabric due to friction was measured. The obtained results are as follows.
._ _ _ After After 1 second 60 seconds Charged voltage 1.8 kv 1.1 kv Example 7 Each of the conductive composite filaments (20 deniers/3 filaments) obtained in Example 1 and Compara-tive Examples 1 and 2 and the conductive composite filaments (20 deniers/3 filaments) obtained in Example 4, which had such a cross-section that the segments of the conductive component extended radially in four directions crossed at an angle of 90, was doubled with a crimped non-conductive nylon-6 filament (2,600 deniers/128 filaments) to produce four kinds of antistatic filaments (2,620 deniers/
~ 131 filaments) for carpet. Each of the resulting four kinds ,~.
`` 11~7473 of antistatic filaments was tufted into a loop pile carpet having a gauge of 1/8, a stitch of 8 and a pile height of
6 mm. A sample carpet of 10 cm x 10 cm was cut out from the resulting carpet, and scoured, washed with water and dried in the same manner as described in Example 1, and then the charged voltage (after 1 second and after 60 seconds) of the carpet due to friction was measured. Further, the charged voltage of human body strolling on the carpet was measured.
In this measurement, a sample carpet of about 100 cm x 50 cm was cut out from the resulting carpet, and the sample carpet was preliminarily dried at 70C for 1 hour, and then aged for 24 hours under an atmosphere of 25C and 30~ RH, and the charged voltage of human body strolling on the carpet was measured under the same atmosphere.
lS The obtained results are shown in the following Table 5.
For comparison, a carpet consisting only of the above described nylon-6 filaments (2,600 deniers/128 fila-ments) was produced in the same manner as described above.
After the carpet was subjected to the after-treatment, the properties of the carpet were measured. The obtained results are also shown in Table 5.
. .
11~7~73 Table 5 Charged voltage Charged voltage of carpet of human body - ment Conjugate . kv) ~k ~) Remarks No. type After 60 Shiunfgfl- mWeathodng :...................... - _ second seconds method Carpet of 6-1Fig. 10 2.2 1.4 -1.4 -1.0 the present invention 6-2Fig. 1 2.6 1.9 -1.7 -1.3 ., Compara-6-3Fig. 15 3.9 3.3 -2.7 -2.4 tive carpet 6-4NFng- 16 3.2 2.7 -2.3 -1.9 ,.
6-S conducl ve~ lS.0 lS. -9.l -8.3 It can be seen from Table 5 that the use of the composite filament of the present invention in the production . of carpet ensures excellent electroconductive effect and -- discharge effect owing to the fact that a plurality of segments of the conductive component in the composite filament of the present invention are exposed to the filament surface, and the segments are interconnected with each other in the interior of the filament.
~:, ,~' - ' ,
In this measurement, a sample carpet of about 100 cm x 50 cm was cut out from the resulting carpet, and the sample carpet was preliminarily dried at 70C for 1 hour, and then aged for 24 hours under an atmosphere of 25C and 30~ RH, and the charged voltage of human body strolling on the carpet was measured under the same atmosphere.
lS The obtained results are shown in the following Table 5.
For comparison, a carpet consisting only of the above described nylon-6 filaments (2,600 deniers/128 fila-ments) was produced in the same manner as described above.
After the carpet was subjected to the after-treatment, the properties of the carpet were measured. The obtained results are also shown in Table 5.
. .
11~7~73 Table 5 Charged voltage Charged voltage of carpet of human body - ment Conjugate . kv) ~k ~) Remarks No. type After 60 Shiunfgfl- mWeathodng :...................... - _ second seconds method Carpet of 6-1Fig. 10 2.2 1.4 -1.4 -1.0 the present invention 6-2Fig. 1 2.6 1.9 -1.7 -1.3 ., Compara-6-3Fig. 15 3.9 3.3 -2.7 -2.4 tive carpet 6-4NFng- 16 3.2 2.7 -2.3 -1.9 ,.
6-S conducl ve~ lS.0 lS. -9.l -8.3 It can be seen from Table 5 that the use of the composite filament of the present invention in the production . of carpet ensures excellent electroconductive effect and -- discharge effect owing to the fact that a plurality of segments of the conductive component in the composite filament of the present invention are exposed to the filament surface, and the segments are interconnected with each other in the interior of the filament.
~:, ,~' - ' ,
Claims (13)
1. A unitary, elongated, electrically conductive, composite, melt-spun filament which in transverse cross-section comprises from 2 to 8 electrically conductive segments whose inner ends are integral with each other at a common center located in the central interior portion of the filament and which radiate outwardly from said center and extend to the perimeter of the filament with the outer ends of said electrically conductive segments being exposed on the outer surface of said filament, the spaces between said electrically conductive segments out-wardly from said center being filled with electrically non-conductive segments whereby said electrically conductive segments are isolated from each other except at said center and only the outer ends of said electrically conductive segments are exposed, said electrically conductive segments having an electrical resistance of less than 1 x 1013Q/cm and consisting essentially of synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer containing uniformly dispersed therein from 3 to 40% by weight of electri-cally conductive carbon black, said electrically non-conductive segments consisting essentially of synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer, said electrically non-conductive segments being continuously bonded and having full adhesion to said electrically conductive segments along the entire length of said filament, the sum of the cross-sectional areas of said electrically conductive segments being less than 50% of the total cross-sectional area of said filament and the sum of the exposed areas of said electrically conductive segments on the surface of said filament being less than 30% of the total surface area of said filament.
2. The composite filament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrical resistance of the conductive component is less than 1 x 1011.OMEGA./cm.
3. The composite filament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyesters, polyvinyls, polyolefins, acrylic polymers and polyurethanes.
4. The composite filament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers constituting the conductive segments and the non-conductive segments are the same polymer.
5. The composite filament as claimed in claim 4, wherein the synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer is polyamides.
6. The composite filament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the conductive segments is substantially uniform.
7. The composite filament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the outer end portions of the conductive segments is larger than the thickness of the inner portions.
8. The composite filament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the outer end portions of the conductive segments is smaller than the thickness of the inner portions.
9. The composite filament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional areas of the conductive segments does not exceed 35% of the cross-sectional area of the composite filament.
10. The composite filament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conductive segments are radially extended to two directions.
11. The composite filament as claimed in claim 10, wherein one of the non-conductive segments is homopolymer and the other segment is a copolymer containing said homopolymer.
12. The composite filament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conductive segments are radially extended to 3 to 6 directions.
13. The composite filament as claimed in claim 12, wherein the conductive segments are radially extended to 3 to 4 directions.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9521977A JPS5430919A (en) | 1977-08-08 | 1977-08-08 | Electrically conductive conjugate fiber |
| JP95,220/77 | 1977-08-08 | ||
| JP9522077A JPS5430920A (en) | 1977-08-08 | 1977-08-08 | Electrically conductive conjugate fiber |
| JP95,219/77 | 1977-08-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1107473A true CA1107473A (en) | 1981-08-25 |
Family
ID=26436494
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA308,673A Expired CA1107473A (en) | 1977-08-08 | 1978-08-03 | Conductive composite filaments |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4216264A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU503665B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1107473A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2834602C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2400071A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2001901B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1097643B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL176188C (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU503665B1 (en) * | 1977-08-08 | 1979-09-13 | Kanebo Limited | Conductive composite filaments |
| DE2902545C2 (en) * | 1979-01-24 | 1985-04-04 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Thread with conductive layers |
| CA1158816A (en) * | 1980-06-06 | 1983-12-20 | Kazuo Okamoto | Conductive composite filaments and methods for producing said composite filaments |
| US4457973B1 (en) * | 1980-06-06 | 1995-05-09 | Kanebo Synthetic Fibert Ltd | Conductive composite filaments and methods for producing said composite filaments |
| US4532099A (en) * | 1982-03-10 | 1985-07-30 | Isamu Kaji | Conductive structure and method of manufacture thereof |
| DE3372252D1 (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1987-07-30 | Plessey Overseas | Conductive gaskets |
| JPS61132624A (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-06-20 | Toray Ind Inc | Conjugated fiber of high conductivity |
| US4743505A (en) * | 1985-08-27 | 1988-05-10 | Teijin Limited | Electroconductive composite fiber and process for preparation thereof |
| CA1285358C (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1991-07-02 | Yasuhiro Ogawa | Conductive composite filaments and fibrous articles containing the same |
| US4997712A (en) * | 1988-04-08 | 1991-03-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive filaments containing polystyrene and anti-static yarns and carpets made therewith |
| US5116681A (en) * | 1988-04-08 | 1992-05-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Anti-static yarns containing polystyrene |
| US5147704A (en) * | 1988-04-08 | 1992-09-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Carpets made with anti-static yarns containing polystyrene |
| GB2228892A (en) * | 1989-03-06 | 1990-09-12 | Courtaulds Plc | Filaments and hot gas filter |
| US5277855A (en) * | 1992-10-05 | 1994-01-11 | Blackmon Lawrence E | Process for forming a yarn having at least one electrically conductive filament by simultaneously cospinning conductive and non-conductive filaments |
| US5391432A (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1995-02-21 | Mitchnick; Mark | Antistatic fibers |
| WO1997037071A1 (en) * | 1994-09-28 | 1997-10-09 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Nonwoven fabric for pleated filter and process for preparing the same |
| US5932309A (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 1999-08-03 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Colored articles and compositions and methods for their fabrication |
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| EP1214466A4 (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2005-03-16 | Solutia Inc | Antistatic yarn, fabric, carpet and fiber blend formed from conductive or quasi-conductive staple fiber |
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| US20070087149A1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2007-04-19 | Trevor Arthurs | Anti-static woven flexible bulk container |
| US7316838B2 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2008-01-08 | Integral Technologies, Inc. | Low cost electrically conductive carpeting manufactured from conductive loaded resin-based materials |
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| WO2002075030A1 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-26 | Kanebo, Limited | Fiber complex and its use |
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| US8110126B2 (en) | 2005-08-11 | 2012-02-07 | Teijin Fibers Limited | Electrically conductive fiber and brush |
| JPWO2007018000A1 (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2009-02-19 | 帝人ファイバー株式会社 | Conductive fibers and brushes |
| US20080238176A1 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-10-02 | Oliver Wang | Synthetic yarn having a multi-yarn effect |
| MX2009013098A (en) * | 2007-06-07 | 2010-07-30 | Albany Int Corp | Conductive monofilament and fabric. |
| US20110151256A1 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-23 | Oliver Wang | Synthetic yarn |
| US8641944B2 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2014-02-04 | Oliver Wang | Synthetic yarn |
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| US10323361B1 (en) | 2011-06-12 | 2019-06-18 | Dale Karmie | Synthetic turf system made with antistatic yarns and method of making |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4887119A (en) * | 1972-02-24 | 1973-11-16 | ||
| US3803453A (en) * | 1972-07-21 | 1974-04-09 | Du Pont | Synthetic filament having antistatic properties |
| JPS5335633B2 (en) * | 1973-04-21 | 1978-09-28 | ||
| US4073988A (en) * | 1974-02-08 | 1978-02-14 | Kanebo, Ltd. | Suede-like artificial leathers and a method for manufacturing same |
| US3969559A (en) * | 1975-05-27 | 1976-07-13 | Monsanto Company | Man-made textile antistatic strand |
| US4045949A (en) * | 1976-01-02 | 1977-09-06 | Dow Badische Company | Integral, electrically-conductive textile filament |
| US4129677A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1978-12-12 | Monsanto Company | Melt spun side-by-side biconstituent conductive fiber |
| AU503665B1 (en) * | 1977-08-08 | 1979-09-13 | Kanebo Limited | Conductive composite filaments |
-
1978
- 1978-08-02 AU AU38558/78A patent/AU503665B1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-08-03 CA CA308,673A patent/CA1107473A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-08-04 US US05/931,100 patent/US4216264A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1978-08-07 DE DE2834602A patent/DE2834602C3/en not_active Expired
- 1978-08-07 NL NLAANVRAGE7808252,A patent/NL176188C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-08-07 FR FR7823297A patent/FR2400071A1/en active Granted
- 1978-08-08 GB GB7832637A patent/GB2001901B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-08-08 IT IT26589/78A patent/IT1097643B/en active
-
1980
- 1980-04-07 US US06/138,061 patent/US4309479A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2400071A1 (en) | 1979-03-09 |
| US4216264A (en) | 1980-08-05 |
| IT1097643B (en) | 1985-08-31 |
| AU503665B1 (en) | 1979-09-13 |
| US4309479A (en) | 1982-01-05 |
| NL176188B (en) | 1984-10-01 |
| FR2400071B1 (en) | 1982-12-31 |
| IT7826589A0 (en) | 1978-08-08 |
| DE2834602B2 (en) | 1980-04-24 |
| NL7808252A (en) | 1979-02-12 |
| DE2834602C3 (en) | 1980-12-18 |
| GB2001901A (en) | 1979-02-14 |
| NL176188C (en) | 1985-03-01 |
| DE2834602A1 (en) | 1979-02-15 |
| GB2001901B (en) | 1982-04-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |