CA1114725A - Test means and method for interference resistant determination of oxidizing substances - Google Patents
Test means and method for interference resistant determination of oxidizing substancesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1114725A CA1114725A CA341,933A CA341933A CA1114725A CA 1114725 A CA1114725 A CA 1114725A CA 341933 A CA341933 A CA 341933A CA 1114725 A CA1114725 A CA 1114725A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- test
- determination
- acid
- hydrazone
- sample
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/26—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving oxidoreductase
- C12Q1/28—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving oxidoreductase involving peroxidase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2326/00—Chromogens for determinations of oxidoreductase enzymes
- C12Q2326/32—3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride hydrate, i.e. MBTH
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2326/00—Chromogens for determinations of oxidoreductase enzymes
- C12Q2326/50—Phenols; Naphthols; Catechols
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
- Y10S435/805—Test papers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/904—Oxidation - reduction indicators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/14—Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e., O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom]
- Y10T436/142222—Hetero-O [e.g., ascorbic acid, etc.]
- Y10T436/143333—Saccharide [e.g., DNA, etc.]
- Y10T436/144444—Glucose
Abstract
TEST MEANS AND METHOD FOR INTERFERENCE RESISTANT
DETERMINATION OF OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Test means, such as a composition or device, method of making a test device and process for determination of at least one oxidizing substance, such as a peroxide, are disclosed. More particularly, the contemplated test means comprises a hydrazone and 8-amino-1-napthol-5,7-disulfonic acid (Chicago acid). Further provided is a test system for the determination of a constituent in a sample, having means responsive to the presence of said constituent in said sample to produce at least one oxidizing substance and a composition for determining said at least one oxidizing substance, wherein said composition comprises a hydrazone and 8-amino-1-napthol-5,7-disulfonic acid (Chicago acid).
The test system is preferably of the type which determines peroxides formed from enzymatic conversion of constituents in biological fluids. When in the form of compositions the test means can optionally be incorporated with a carrier, such as a tablet or matrix, to provide a test device. The test system is highly sensitive to low levels of body fluid constituents to be detected, while also being highly resis-tant to interfering reducing substances, such as ascorbic acid, often present in body fluids.
DETERMINATION OF OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Test means, such as a composition or device, method of making a test device and process for determination of at least one oxidizing substance, such as a peroxide, are disclosed. More particularly, the contemplated test means comprises a hydrazone and 8-amino-1-napthol-5,7-disulfonic acid (Chicago acid). Further provided is a test system for the determination of a constituent in a sample, having means responsive to the presence of said constituent in said sample to produce at least one oxidizing substance and a composition for determining said at least one oxidizing substance, wherein said composition comprises a hydrazone and 8-amino-1-napthol-5,7-disulfonic acid (Chicago acid).
The test system is preferably of the type which determines peroxides formed from enzymatic conversion of constituents in biological fluids. When in the form of compositions the test means can optionally be incorporated with a carrier, such as a tablet or matrix, to provide a test device. The test system is highly sensitive to low levels of body fluid constituents to be detected, while also being highly resis-tant to interfering reducing substances, such as ascorbic acid, often present in body fluids.
Description
2~
'l.D O~? TH~ INVI;~ r~0117 Tlle prcsel)t invention rel.ates genera]ly to thc ~~iel~ ot ~liagnostic tests and, mole p~rticu].arly, to those tcsts useful in qualitative and quantitative determination o biological components, such as glucose and uric aci~l, in which tests such components are converted to an oxidi.zing substance, such as a peroxide.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTI ON
, I Glucose oxidase enzymatically converts glucose to glucollic acid and hydrogen peroxide The hydrogen peroxidc thus formed can be reduced to H2O by a peroxidatively activc substance in the presence of an indicator system which is oxi.dized to produce a response, such as a color change. The chromogenic indicator o-tolidine has been used for some timc in glucose test systems, but provides results which are subject to reduction of the oxidized indicator by interfering substances, such as ascorbic acid. Further, the safety of o-tolidine has been questioned.
. 20 Likewise, uricase enzymatically converts uric acid to ; allantoin and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide .. -formed can be reduced to H2O by a peroxidatively active substance in the presence of an indicator system, historical.].y . o-dianisidine.
More recently, Gochman and Schmitz have reported using .
'l.D O~? TH~ INVI;~ r~0117 Tlle prcsel)t invention rel.ates genera]ly to thc ~~iel~ ot ~liagnostic tests and, mole p~rticu].arly, to those tcsts useful in qualitative and quantitative determination o biological components, such as glucose and uric aci~l, in which tests such components are converted to an oxidi.zing substance, such as a peroxide.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTI ON
, I Glucose oxidase enzymatically converts glucose to glucollic acid and hydrogen peroxide The hydrogen peroxidc thus formed can be reduced to H2O by a peroxidatively activc substance in the presence of an indicator system which is oxi.dized to produce a response, such as a color change. The chromogenic indicator o-tolidine has been used for some timc in glucose test systems, but provides results which are subject to reduction of the oxidized indicator by interfering substances, such as ascorbic acid. Further, the safety of o-tolidine has been questioned.
. 20 Likewise, uricase enzymatically converts uric acid to ; allantoin and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide .. -formed can be reduced to H2O by a peroxidatively active substance in the presence of an indicator system, historical.].y . o-dianisidine.
More recently, Gochman and Schmitz have reported using .
3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloridc witl~
N,N-dimethylaniline to form an azo dye indicator in detcr- . -~
minations of uric acid, C~in. C~em. 17:1154 (1971), and glucose, C~in. Chem. 18:943 (1972). ~ven though it is .
:sn asserted that the mixture with N,N-dimethylaniline was morc ~, . ................. . ; ' . ~ ' . ,.
resistant than o-tolidine, susceptibility to ascorbic acid intererellce produced signilicant error in reported uric acid and glucose concentrations.
The mechanism of oxidatively coupling heterocyclic hydrazones with phenols, aromatic amines and other compounds in the classic azo coupling reaction is reviewed briefly itl Zollinger, Azo and Diazo Chemistry, Interscience, New York, p. 215-217 (l961). A summary of the original work, directed to the formation of azo dyes by oxidative coupling, of l~ ~lunig and co-workers in Germany (1957-68) is incorporated in Baer, ~'ationic Dyes for Synthetic Fibers, Venkataraman (ed.), The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, Vol, 4, Academic Press, N.Y., pgs. 188-193 (1971).
Hunziker, U.S. Patent No. 3,979,262, adds a buffer, of citric or maleic acid, to the mixture of Gochman et al., supra, and discloses that, along with N,N-dimethylaniline, other aromatic amines can be used so long as they are not substituted in both the ortho and para positions. The buffer is also critical and maintains a predetermined pH
range of from 3.2 to 4.7 for a uric acid determination and from 4.7 to 5.5 for a glucose or cholesterol determination.
The prior art, insofar as it teaches the use of hydrazone indicators in analysis for H2O2, suggests that the reaction between 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) and dimethylaniline is resistant to the effects of reducing substances in a sample. While this may be true relative to indicators such as o-tolidine, the use of such hydrazone indicators provides very poor indications in the presence of ascorbate.
3() Therefore, efforts by these prior workers have failed to provide an indicator system whicll is either substantially - -rrce o~ susceptibility to the effects of interfering sul~-stances or makes use of indicators recognized for their safety.
- " " - ' ' .'-' ' '.
Kecently issued U.S. Patent No. 4,11~,405 disc'oses the use of 4,5-dihydro~y-2,7-napthalene disulfoni.c acid and .l-hydroxy-2-napthalene sulfonic acid as hydrazone couplers.
Unlike the couplers of Hunziker, these compounds are not : r; amines. While much superior to the couplers theretofore available, their freedom from ascorbate sensitivity still leaves room for improvement.
O~JJE~CTS OF TIIE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to t0 provide an improved test for the detection of oxi.dizing substances in body fluids.
It is another object of the invention to provide an improved test for those oxidizing substances which are enzymatically converted from other clinically significant body fluid components.
A further object of the invention is to provi~e an ~ .
improved test for the dçtection of oxidizing substances in body fluids which is highly resistant to interfering reducing substances.
~ A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved test for the detection of oxidizing substances wherein the above-identified advantages are achieved through - :
a novel indicator system comprising a hydrazone and 8-amino-l-napthol-5,7-disulfonic acid ~Chicago acid).
'~ Other objects and a fuller understanding of the invention ~ -will be had by referring to the following description and :
claims drawn to preferred embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
B~IE~ DESC~IPTION OF TH D~l WIN(~S_ ~ ure 1 is a graphical representation of the data reported in Example III for MBT~I/Chicago acid in accordance with the invention tested in the presence of ascorbic acid a~ different pH levels, obtained by plotting optical density ((~D) vs. time; and Figure 2 is a graphical representation of the data reported in Example III for the various MBTH couplers tested in the presence of ascorbic acid in Tris-Malonate buffer (pll 1(1 7) with the exception that the dimethylaniline slope is that observed in citric acid buffer (pH 5).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTI ON
:
In accordance with the present invention there are provided test means, such as a composition and device, a ~5 method of making the test device, and a process for deter-mination of at least one oxidizing substance, such as a peroxide. More particularly, the contemplated test means comprises a hydrazone and 8-amino-1-napthol-5,7-disulfonic acid (Chicago acid). Further provided is a test system for 2n the determination of a constituent in a sample, having means responsive to the presence of said constituent in said - sample to produce at least one oxidizing substance and a composition for determining said at least one oxidizing substance, wherein said composition comprises a hydrazone and 8-amino-1-napthol-5,7-disulfonic acid (Chicago acid).
The test system is preferably of the type which determines --peroxides formed from enzymatic conversion of constituents in biological fluids. When in the form of a composition the test means can optionally be incorporated with a carrier, 3n such as a tablet or matrix, to provide a test device. The .. .
.
test system is highly sensitivc to low levels of body fluid constituents to be detected, while also being high]y resistant to interfering reducing substances, such as ascorbic acid, often present in body fluids.
r In the test system, the means responsive to the presencc of the constituent in the sample to produce at least one oxidizing substance can include glucose oxidase for glucose determination, or uricase for uric acid determination and a peroxidatively active substance. Typical of such peroxida-tively active substances are peroxidase or hemoglobin, used when hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizing substance.
In contrast to prior art compositions, that of the present invention is highly sensitive to low levels of body fluid constituents to be detected, while also being highly 1.~ resistant to the effects of competitive reducing substances, particularly ascorbic acid in urine. Since a characteristic color reaction takes place depending on the concentration of the oxidizing substance detected, quantitative detection for such body fluid components as glucose and uric acid is - 20 possible.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Although specific terms are used in the following description for the sake of clarity, these terms are in~ended to refer only to the particular embodiment of the invention selected for exemplary illustration, and are not intended to define or limit the scope of the invention.
The test means according to the invention can take many physical forms and include many specific hydrazones for coupling with the Chicago acid regardless of the ~orm ~5 ~lssumcd. Additional materials, such as stabilizing agents, can be employed. The test means can be used in both liquid .
and solid form, as can the test system, incorporating a com-position of the test means as excmplified by the proce~ures an.1 embodiments described helow.
The hydrazones useful in the test means are conden-sation products of a hydrazine with an aldehyde or ketone and contain the grouping _C=NNH2. Many hydrazones are capable of oxidatively coupling with hydroxynapthalene-sulfonates to form a colored entity. Such include, among others, 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone, l-methyl-2-quinolinone hydrazone, N-methyl-pyridone-4-hydrazone, N-methyl-pyridone-2-hydrazone, l-methyl-quinolinone-4-hydra-zone, N-methyl-thiazolinone-2-hydrazone, N-methyl-oxazoli-none-2-hydrazone, N-methyl-benzoxazolinone-2-hydrazone and l,3-dimethylbenzimidazolinone-2-hydrazone. In a preferred ]5 embodiment of the composition, a 3-(Cl-C4 alkyl)-2-benzo-thiazolinone hydrazone chromogen, such as 3-methyl-2-benzo-thiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH), is used. Such hydrazones are strong reducing agents.
As used herein the expression ~'hydrazone~' includes the acid addition salts thereof. Any conventional acid addition - salt can be utilized such as those formed from hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the -like. These acid addition salts can be used alone or they can be used in conjunction with the corresponding hydrazone.
Molar ratios of hydrazone/coupler range from about 17:l -to about l:l7, with more nearly equimolar ratios being preferred for the optimum combination of detection sensi-tivity and interference resistance.
The composition can further include stabilizing agents, 3l) carboxymethylcellulose and polyoxyethylene ethers of fatty alcohols (BRIJ~ made by ICI United States Inc., Wilmington, Delaware 19897) beinB advantageously selected.
- : .
:'' - - ' . ~ :
.
s~
Test means according to the invention, and test systems emplo~ing compositions of said test means, are ~referably used in a generally neutral or slightly alkaline pTI range, although they remain operative even at somewhat lower ~H.
- The maintenance of a generally neutral or alkaline pH
provides improved reactivity in terms of speed and resis-tance to interference, in contrast to the teaching of the prior art.
The test system comprises, along with the composition ]() according to the invention, means responsive to the presence of a constituent to be determined in a sample to produce an oxidizing substance for determination by the composition.
Such means are preferably enzymatic in nature. For example, when glucose is to be determined, glucose oxidase and peroxidase are the constituent responsive means. Likewise, when uric acid is to be determined, uricase and peroxidase comprise the constituent-responsive means. The concentra-tions and types of reagents useful in the constituent- ~
responsive means are contemplated to include those known to ;
the art.
The test means can be used as a solution for deter-mination of oxidative substances in a sample. Further, the test system for determination of constituents converted to such oxidative substances, containing the test means in composition form, can be used in liquid form. The test system is preferably used ~o detect biological, such as body ; fluid, constituents by adding the test means to a specimen such as urine, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, tissue culture supernatan~ or the like. For assays using the test system in ; 30 liquid form, the peroxidase andjor the oxidase should be segregated from the other reagents until ready for use. Thc ~Ictermin~tioll is allowed to go forward by introduction of the segregated reagent, such as the peroxidase.
.
When used in solution, whether in the test means itself o-~ as a composition thereof in a test system, the 8-amino-1-napthol-5,7-disulfonic acid (Chicago acid) is preferably used in concentrations of from about 10-5 Molar (M) to about 10 3 M. Likewise, the hydrazone is preferably used in concentrations of from about 10-5 M to about 10-3 M. When one or more stabilizing agents are included, they are preferably present in total concentrations of from about 0.5 milligram/deciliter (mg/dl) to about 5.0 g/dl. When per-oxidase is at least one of the reagents comprising the constituent-responsive means of the test system, concen-trations of the peroxidase are preferably from about 10 micrograms/liter (~g/l) to about 500 ~g/l. The solvent used in preparing the solutions can be water, physiological solutions, organic solvents, such as methanol, or mixtures thereof.
Also provided are test devices incorporating the test means or the test system of the invention and a method of making such reagent test devices, which method comprises 2~ incorporating a carrier, such as a matrix or tablet, with the test means or test system, respectively. When this incorporation is by impregnation with a solution of the composition according to the invention, including a test system, the carrier so impregnated is then dried. In addition to impregnation, the devices of the present invention can be made by other suitable techniques such as printing or spraying the composition onto a substrate or matrix.
The test device is preferably prepared by a multi-dip process. The concentrations of reagents used in the impreg-3n nating solutions range from about 10 3 M up to a saturated solution. Most generally useful for the hydrazone and coupler is a concentration of about 0.02 M each. Peroxidase concentration is from about 0.015 mg/ml to about 2 mg/ml of solution.
. . . : -, Solid preparations are preferably incorporated with a carrier matrix in strip format. The t~rm carrier matri~ can I-e envisioned to refer to bibulous and nonbibulous matrices whi.ch are insoluble in and maintain their structural integrity ~i when exposed to water or physiological fluids. Suitable bi.bulou.s matrices which can be used include paper, cellulose, wood, synthetic resin fleeces, glass fiber, woven and non-woven fabrics and the like. Nonbibulous matrices include organo-plastic materials such as polypropylene or the like.
~0 When a bibulous matrix is employed, the matrix is advan-tageously affixed by suitable means9 such as double-faced adhesive tape, to an insoluble support member, such as an organo-plastic strip, e.g. polystyrene, for ease of use.
: Alternatively, the compositions of the invention can be embodied in a carrier taking the form of a pressed or molded tablet containing conventional carrier material.
The test device is advantageously used by momentarily dipping it in a test sample or by otherwise contacting the carrier matrix with a test sample, whereupon a detectable - 20 color change results if oxidati~e components are present in the sample. The test device can be used in the same way when samples of plasma, serum or o~her body fluids are tested.
The relationship between K (the absorption coefficient of the specimen), reported in some of the examples, and the ~.
concentration of absorbing species (swch as uric acid or glucose) is given by the Kubelka-Monk equation which is provided, along with a discussion of reflectance spectro-photometry in Kortumi, G., Reflectance Spectroscopy, Springer-Verlag Inc., New York, 1969. K is defined as twice the absorbance/unit path length (2A/b) in transmission measure-ments. For purposes of this application K is assumed to be .
~ . .
. . ' ': ' J~
proportional to the concentration of colored indicator molecules formed. In the relationship defined by the Ku~elka-~on~ equation the percent reflectance (%R) value decreases as the concentration of oxidative substance detected increases, ;~ and vi~e versa. Thus, the readings taken inversely correlate, according to the equation, with the concentration of ab-sorbing species detected. In the examples herein the readin~s were taken at the wavelengths (~) indicated.
Reflectance readings can be obtained from commercially available spectrophotometers such as Beckman DK-2 Spectro-photometer, Beckman Instruments, Inc., Fullerton, California 92634 or Spectrocolorimeter SCF-l, Israel Electro-Optical Industry l,td. (distributed in the U.S. by Broomer Research Corporation, Plainwell, Long Island, N.Y. 11803).
Horeseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase were obtained from Miles Research Products, Miles Laboratories, Elkhart Indiana 46515. A copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride (Gantrez AN-139) and polyvinyl pyrrolidine (PVP) were obtained from GAF Corp., Chemical Products, N.Y., N.Y.
10020). The 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydro-chloride monohydrate, other hydrazones, l-hydroxy-3-napthalene sulfonic acid, l-hydroxy-5-napthalene sulfonic acid, 3-dimethylaminobenzoic acid, and violet acid ~l-naphtol-3,6-disulfonic acid) were obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233. Chicago acid was obtained from Pfaltz ~ Bauer, Inc., Stamford, Conn. 06902. Standard reagent grade solvents and reagents were used.
The examples shown are merely illustrative and are not to be construed as a limitation of the invention. One skilled in the art will be able to make such variations, substitutions and changes in the ingredients and parametcrs as may seem desirable. -.. .. - ~
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': . -... . . . . . .. . . .
9.$~4.'~
~XAMPLE I
tn the experiments described in this example, the relative ascorbate resistance of various MBTH-coupler svstem~ and of o-tolidine are demonstrated.
', A first impregnating solution was prepared to contain tlle follo~ing:
Distilled Water 40 ml.
F.thanol , 40 ml.
Gantrez AN 139 ]0 5% weight/volume (w/v) in distilled water 52 ml.
Tris malonate buffer [2.8 M Tris (hydroxy-lS methyl) aminomethane;
1.4 M malonic acid;
1.4 M Sodium malonate] 32 ml.
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone 10% w/v in distilled water 28 ml.
200 mg Peroxidase in ' 4.3 ml glucose oxidase (1000 U/ml) ' ~ 19.3 ml distilled water Sheets of Eaton Dikeman 204 filter paper (E~D) were ' impregnated to saturation with the above-prepared solution and dried at 80C.
A first portion of these dried papers was saturated -with 0.02 M o-tolidine in CHC13 and dried at 50C to form the o-tolidine devices used. The remaining or second ', portion of the above-prepared dried papers was then impreg-nated to saturation with a solution of 50 ml'of methanol having 250 mg MBTH hydrochloride monohydrate dissolved ,~5 therein, and dried at 60C.
In a third impregnation, paper sheets of the second portion above were respectively impregnated to saturation witl~
the indicated solution of one of the'following potential couplers:
' ' ' . ' . . ': --~~
(,hicago Acid 2()0 mg in 40 ml n~ethanol Violet Acid 350 mg in 40 ml methano1 + 10 ml water Diethylaniline 186 mg in 50 ml methanol The papers so impregnated were then dried at 60C to form device~.
Tllese devices were respectively tested with ascorbate-~ree 100 mg/dl aqueous glucose solutions and with 100 mg/dl a~ueous glucose solutions containing 50 mg/dl ascorbate, and any color changes were read by the use of a recording reflec-tance spectrophotometer. Reflectance values at specificwavelengths were converted, by the Kubelka-Monk equation described previously, to equivalent absorbance values (K).
A ratio of K values was used in which K for data taken at 1 minute in the presence of 50 mg/dl ascorbate was divided by K for data taken at 1 minute in the absence of ascorbate. A value of 1 would mean no ascorbate inter-ference; a value of 0 would mean complete ascorbate in-; terference. Results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Relative Ascorbate Interference ~ K(Glucose ~ 50 IndicatorObserved mg/dl Ascorbate) ~nanometers) K (No Ascorbate) o-Tolidine 620 0.01 MBTH - Chicago Acid 560 0.40 MBTH- Violet Acid 540 0.08 ~ -MBTH - Diethylani-line (D~A) 600 0.12 ~
'' .
- .
i . - . - -These data clearly demonstrate that MBTH/Chicago acid had an ascorbate resistance much superior to o-tolidine, and indeed is significantly more ascorbate resistant than the ~rior art formulas based on MBTH/diethylaniline.
EXAMPLE II
In the experiments reported by this example, MBTH/
Chicago acid test devices were prepared as in Example I an~
respectively tested with samples of ascorbate-free urine and or urine containing 50 mg/dl ascorbate, both urine samples 1() containing 100 mg/dl glucose. The reflectance values observe~
in the devices tested were converted to equivalent absorbance ~K) values, and a ratio of K values w~s taken as in Example I. The ratio of activity in the presence of ascorbate compared to activity in ascorbate-free testing was 0.89.
l5 - When these results are compared with those reported in Table 1 of Example I it is seen that the MBTH/Chicago acid devices were twice as ascorbate resistant when used for testing urine.
EXAMPLE IIT
; 20 Solutions prepared as set forth below with compositions according to the invention were compared with those of the prior art for the effect of pH and buffer variance in solutions with and without ascorbate.
' These tests, like those previously reported, compare the reactions of a hydrazone with various couplers in response to an oxidant. In the previous examples the composi ; tions included an oxidase which reacted with the analyte or substance to be detected, to produce an oxidant, H2O2.
'' .
Peroxidase was included in those compositions along with the other components and the reaction proceeded upon contacting a sample containing the analyte. In contrast, the test compositions in this example were prepared to contain H2O2, r~ rather than the analyte-responsive oxidase, and the peroxidase was witheld until time for proceeding with the test.
lest solutions at pH 5.0 were prepared in 0.311 M
citrate buffer. Test solutions at pH 7.0 were prepared in 0.093 M Tris [Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] combined with n o. 093 M malonate. In each buffer system, test solutions were prepared to concentrations of 100 ~M MBTH, 100 ~M
coupler, and 333 ~M H2O2. The test solution prepared for each of the couplers was divided into two portions. To one portion of each test solution was added 56.% ~M (1 mg/dl) ascorbic acid.
The above solutions were placed in 3 ml standard glass or quartz cuvettes. In each case the reaction was allowed to proceed by injection of peroxidase to a concentration of 125 nanograms (ng)/ml. As in the previous examples, forma-tion of the chromogenic coupled hydrazone/coupler resultedin a change of optical density. Changes in optical density (~OD) were recorded by a standard recording absorbance spectrophotometer with the results shown in Tables 2 and 3.
: . .
'' ' ' ~ "' ' ~ ' Table 2 Tris-malonate Buffer (p~l 7) Rate of Reaction (AOD/min.
MBTH Coupler Wave Length No Ascorbate Ascorbate Chicago Acld 565 nm0.867 0.360 Chromotroplc acid 572 nm0.600 0.223 N,N-dimethyl-aniline -No reaction No reaction l-hydroxy-2-naphthalene-sulfonic acid 495 nm 0.373 0.159 l-hydroxy-3-naphthalene-sulfonic acid 490 nm 0.545 0.0977 l-hydroxy-5-naphthalene-sulfonic acid 495 nm 0.493 0.0815 ; Table 3-Citric Acid Buffer (pH 5) Rate of Reaction MBTH CouPler Wave Length No Ascorbate Ascorbate Chicago Acid 565 nm 0.196 0.0Z82 : Chromotropic acid 572 nm 0.162 0.0065 . N,N-dimethyl- .
aniline 570 nm 0.189 0.0000 l-hydroxy-2-naphthalene-sulfonic acid 495 nm 0.0891 0.0037 l-hydroxy-3-naphthalene-, sulfonic acid 490 nm 0.0992 0.0000 l-hydroxy-5-napthalene-sulfonic acid 495 nm 0.0822 0.0000 - -The results observed in the Tris Malonate buffer systcm at pH 7 for Chicago acid ~ere much superior to those of the dimethylaniline and the hydroxynapthalenesulfonates.
Chicago acid is more reactive both in the presence and absence of ascorbate. The activity at about pH 7.0 in terms of color development (~OD) per minute was about 3-4 times that in citric acid at pH 5.0 without ascorbate, and an even greater difference is seen with ascorbate. The results obtained in the presence of 56.8 ~mol/l (1.0 mg/dl) of ascorbic acid at various times and their respective absorbancc (optical density) values are graphically illustrated in Fig.
1 for MBTH/Chicago acid in Tris Malonate (pH 7) and citric acid (pH 5) systems. A comparison of results obtained with the various couplers in the presence of 56.8 ~mol/l (1.0 mg/dl) of ascorbic acid is graphically illustrated in Fig. 2 for the Tris Malonate (pH 7) system, with one notable exception.
Since the prior art coupler, dimethylaniline, would not even react under these parameters, its curve is taken from the citric acid (pH 5) data.
Thus, Chicago acid is optionally, and indeed optimally, functional in a preferred physiological pH range, especially important in enzyme assays.
Although the invention has been described with a -~
certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details may be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention.
, - : .: : . .
N,N-dimethylaniline to form an azo dye indicator in detcr- . -~
minations of uric acid, C~in. C~em. 17:1154 (1971), and glucose, C~in. Chem. 18:943 (1972). ~ven though it is .
:sn asserted that the mixture with N,N-dimethylaniline was morc ~, . ................. . ; ' . ~ ' . ,.
resistant than o-tolidine, susceptibility to ascorbic acid intererellce produced signilicant error in reported uric acid and glucose concentrations.
The mechanism of oxidatively coupling heterocyclic hydrazones with phenols, aromatic amines and other compounds in the classic azo coupling reaction is reviewed briefly itl Zollinger, Azo and Diazo Chemistry, Interscience, New York, p. 215-217 (l961). A summary of the original work, directed to the formation of azo dyes by oxidative coupling, of l~ ~lunig and co-workers in Germany (1957-68) is incorporated in Baer, ~'ationic Dyes for Synthetic Fibers, Venkataraman (ed.), The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, Vol, 4, Academic Press, N.Y., pgs. 188-193 (1971).
Hunziker, U.S. Patent No. 3,979,262, adds a buffer, of citric or maleic acid, to the mixture of Gochman et al., supra, and discloses that, along with N,N-dimethylaniline, other aromatic amines can be used so long as they are not substituted in both the ortho and para positions. The buffer is also critical and maintains a predetermined pH
range of from 3.2 to 4.7 for a uric acid determination and from 4.7 to 5.5 for a glucose or cholesterol determination.
The prior art, insofar as it teaches the use of hydrazone indicators in analysis for H2O2, suggests that the reaction between 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) and dimethylaniline is resistant to the effects of reducing substances in a sample. While this may be true relative to indicators such as o-tolidine, the use of such hydrazone indicators provides very poor indications in the presence of ascorbate.
3() Therefore, efforts by these prior workers have failed to provide an indicator system whicll is either substantially - -rrce o~ susceptibility to the effects of interfering sul~-stances or makes use of indicators recognized for their safety.
- " " - ' ' .'-' ' '.
Kecently issued U.S. Patent No. 4,11~,405 disc'oses the use of 4,5-dihydro~y-2,7-napthalene disulfoni.c acid and .l-hydroxy-2-napthalene sulfonic acid as hydrazone couplers.
Unlike the couplers of Hunziker, these compounds are not : r; amines. While much superior to the couplers theretofore available, their freedom from ascorbate sensitivity still leaves room for improvement.
O~JJE~CTS OF TIIE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to t0 provide an improved test for the detection of oxi.dizing substances in body fluids.
It is another object of the invention to provide an improved test for those oxidizing substances which are enzymatically converted from other clinically significant body fluid components.
A further object of the invention is to provi~e an ~ .
improved test for the dçtection of oxidizing substances in body fluids which is highly resistant to interfering reducing substances.
~ A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved test for the detection of oxidizing substances wherein the above-identified advantages are achieved through - :
a novel indicator system comprising a hydrazone and 8-amino-l-napthol-5,7-disulfonic acid ~Chicago acid).
'~ Other objects and a fuller understanding of the invention ~ -will be had by referring to the following description and :
claims drawn to preferred embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
B~IE~ DESC~IPTION OF TH D~l WIN(~S_ ~ ure 1 is a graphical representation of the data reported in Example III for MBT~I/Chicago acid in accordance with the invention tested in the presence of ascorbic acid a~ different pH levels, obtained by plotting optical density ((~D) vs. time; and Figure 2 is a graphical representation of the data reported in Example III for the various MBTH couplers tested in the presence of ascorbic acid in Tris-Malonate buffer (pll 1(1 7) with the exception that the dimethylaniline slope is that observed in citric acid buffer (pH 5).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTI ON
:
In accordance with the present invention there are provided test means, such as a composition and device, a ~5 method of making the test device, and a process for deter-mination of at least one oxidizing substance, such as a peroxide. More particularly, the contemplated test means comprises a hydrazone and 8-amino-1-napthol-5,7-disulfonic acid (Chicago acid). Further provided is a test system for 2n the determination of a constituent in a sample, having means responsive to the presence of said constituent in said - sample to produce at least one oxidizing substance and a composition for determining said at least one oxidizing substance, wherein said composition comprises a hydrazone and 8-amino-1-napthol-5,7-disulfonic acid (Chicago acid).
The test system is preferably of the type which determines --peroxides formed from enzymatic conversion of constituents in biological fluids. When in the form of a composition the test means can optionally be incorporated with a carrier, 3n such as a tablet or matrix, to provide a test device. The .. .
.
test system is highly sensitivc to low levels of body fluid constituents to be detected, while also being high]y resistant to interfering reducing substances, such as ascorbic acid, often present in body fluids.
r In the test system, the means responsive to the presencc of the constituent in the sample to produce at least one oxidizing substance can include glucose oxidase for glucose determination, or uricase for uric acid determination and a peroxidatively active substance. Typical of such peroxida-tively active substances are peroxidase or hemoglobin, used when hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizing substance.
In contrast to prior art compositions, that of the present invention is highly sensitive to low levels of body fluid constituents to be detected, while also being highly 1.~ resistant to the effects of competitive reducing substances, particularly ascorbic acid in urine. Since a characteristic color reaction takes place depending on the concentration of the oxidizing substance detected, quantitative detection for such body fluid components as glucose and uric acid is - 20 possible.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Although specific terms are used in the following description for the sake of clarity, these terms are in~ended to refer only to the particular embodiment of the invention selected for exemplary illustration, and are not intended to define or limit the scope of the invention.
The test means according to the invention can take many physical forms and include many specific hydrazones for coupling with the Chicago acid regardless of the ~orm ~5 ~lssumcd. Additional materials, such as stabilizing agents, can be employed. The test means can be used in both liquid .
and solid form, as can the test system, incorporating a com-position of the test means as excmplified by the proce~ures an.1 embodiments described helow.
The hydrazones useful in the test means are conden-sation products of a hydrazine with an aldehyde or ketone and contain the grouping _C=NNH2. Many hydrazones are capable of oxidatively coupling with hydroxynapthalene-sulfonates to form a colored entity. Such include, among others, 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone, l-methyl-2-quinolinone hydrazone, N-methyl-pyridone-4-hydrazone, N-methyl-pyridone-2-hydrazone, l-methyl-quinolinone-4-hydra-zone, N-methyl-thiazolinone-2-hydrazone, N-methyl-oxazoli-none-2-hydrazone, N-methyl-benzoxazolinone-2-hydrazone and l,3-dimethylbenzimidazolinone-2-hydrazone. In a preferred ]5 embodiment of the composition, a 3-(Cl-C4 alkyl)-2-benzo-thiazolinone hydrazone chromogen, such as 3-methyl-2-benzo-thiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH), is used. Such hydrazones are strong reducing agents.
As used herein the expression ~'hydrazone~' includes the acid addition salts thereof. Any conventional acid addition - salt can be utilized such as those formed from hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the -like. These acid addition salts can be used alone or they can be used in conjunction with the corresponding hydrazone.
Molar ratios of hydrazone/coupler range from about 17:l -to about l:l7, with more nearly equimolar ratios being preferred for the optimum combination of detection sensi-tivity and interference resistance.
The composition can further include stabilizing agents, 3l) carboxymethylcellulose and polyoxyethylene ethers of fatty alcohols (BRIJ~ made by ICI United States Inc., Wilmington, Delaware 19897) beinB advantageously selected.
- : .
:'' - - ' . ~ :
.
s~
Test means according to the invention, and test systems emplo~ing compositions of said test means, are ~referably used in a generally neutral or slightly alkaline pTI range, although they remain operative even at somewhat lower ~H.
- The maintenance of a generally neutral or alkaline pH
provides improved reactivity in terms of speed and resis-tance to interference, in contrast to the teaching of the prior art.
The test system comprises, along with the composition ]() according to the invention, means responsive to the presence of a constituent to be determined in a sample to produce an oxidizing substance for determination by the composition.
Such means are preferably enzymatic in nature. For example, when glucose is to be determined, glucose oxidase and peroxidase are the constituent responsive means. Likewise, when uric acid is to be determined, uricase and peroxidase comprise the constituent-responsive means. The concentra-tions and types of reagents useful in the constituent- ~
responsive means are contemplated to include those known to ;
the art.
The test means can be used as a solution for deter-mination of oxidative substances in a sample. Further, the test system for determination of constituents converted to such oxidative substances, containing the test means in composition form, can be used in liquid form. The test system is preferably used ~o detect biological, such as body ; fluid, constituents by adding the test means to a specimen such as urine, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, tissue culture supernatan~ or the like. For assays using the test system in ; 30 liquid form, the peroxidase andjor the oxidase should be segregated from the other reagents until ready for use. Thc ~Ictermin~tioll is allowed to go forward by introduction of the segregated reagent, such as the peroxidase.
.
When used in solution, whether in the test means itself o-~ as a composition thereof in a test system, the 8-amino-1-napthol-5,7-disulfonic acid (Chicago acid) is preferably used in concentrations of from about 10-5 Molar (M) to about 10 3 M. Likewise, the hydrazone is preferably used in concentrations of from about 10-5 M to about 10-3 M. When one or more stabilizing agents are included, they are preferably present in total concentrations of from about 0.5 milligram/deciliter (mg/dl) to about 5.0 g/dl. When per-oxidase is at least one of the reagents comprising the constituent-responsive means of the test system, concen-trations of the peroxidase are preferably from about 10 micrograms/liter (~g/l) to about 500 ~g/l. The solvent used in preparing the solutions can be water, physiological solutions, organic solvents, such as methanol, or mixtures thereof.
Also provided are test devices incorporating the test means or the test system of the invention and a method of making such reagent test devices, which method comprises 2~ incorporating a carrier, such as a matrix or tablet, with the test means or test system, respectively. When this incorporation is by impregnation with a solution of the composition according to the invention, including a test system, the carrier so impregnated is then dried. In addition to impregnation, the devices of the present invention can be made by other suitable techniques such as printing or spraying the composition onto a substrate or matrix.
The test device is preferably prepared by a multi-dip process. The concentrations of reagents used in the impreg-3n nating solutions range from about 10 3 M up to a saturated solution. Most generally useful for the hydrazone and coupler is a concentration of about 0.02 M each. Peroxidase concentration is from about 0.015 mg/ml to about 2 mg/ml of solution.
. . . : -, Solid preparations are preferably incorporated with a carrier matrix in strip format. The t~rm carrier matri~ can I-e envisioned to refer to bibulous and nonbibulous matrices whi.ch are insoluble in and maintain their structural integrity ~i when exposed to water or physiological fluids. Suitable bi.bulou.s matrices which can be used include paper, cellulose, wood, synthetic resin fleeces, glass fiber, woven and non-woven fabrics and the like. Nonbibulous matrices include organo-plastic materials such as polypropylene or the like.
~0 When a bibulous matrix is employed, the matrix is advan-tageously affixed by suitable means9 such as double-faced adhesive tape, to an insoluble support member, such as an organo-plastic strip, e.g. polystyrene, for ease of use.
: Alternatively, the compositions of the invention can be embodied in a carrier taking the form of a pressed or molded tablet containing conventional carrier material.
The test device is advantageously used by momentarily dipping it in a test sample or by otherwise contacting the carrier matrix with a test sample, whereupon a detectable - 20 color change results if oxidati~e components are present in the sample. The test device can be used in the same way when samples of plasma, serum or o~her body fluids are tested.
The relationship between K (the absorption coefficient of the specimen), reported in some of the examples, and the ~.
concentration of absorbing species (swch as uric acid or glucose) is given by the Kubelka-Monk equation which is provided, along with a discussion of reflectance spectro-photometry in Kortumi, G., Reflectance Spectroscopy, Springer-Verlag Inc., New York, 1969. K is defined as twice the absorbance/unit path length (2A/b) in transmission measure-ments. For purposes of this application K is assumed to be .
~ . .
. . ' ': ' J~
proportional to the concentration of colored indicator molecules formed. In the relationship defined by the Ku~elka-~on~ equation the percent reflectance (%R) value decreases as the concentration of oxidative substance detected increases, ;~ and vi~e versa. Thus, the readings taken inversely correlate, according to the equation, with the concentration of ab-sorbing species detected. In the examples herein the readin~s were taken at the wavelengths (~) indicated.
Reflectance readings can be obtained from commercially available spectrophotometers such as Beckman DK-2 Spectro-photometer, Beckman Instruments, Inc., Fullerton, California 92634 or Spectrocolorimeter SCF-l, Israel Electro-Optical Industry l,td. (distributed in the U.S. by Broomer Research Corporation, Plainwell, Long Island, N.Y. 11803).
Horeseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase were obtained from Miles Research Products, Miles Laboratories, Elkhart Indiana 46515. A copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride (Gantrez AN-139) and polyvinyl pyrrolidine (PVP) were obtained from GAF Corp., Chemical Products, N.Y., N.Y.
10020). The 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydro-chloride monohydrate, other hydrazones, l-hydroxy-3-napthalene sulfonic acid, l-hydroxy-5-napthalene sulfonic acid, 3-dimethylaminobenzoic acid, and violet acid ~l-naphtol-3,6-disulfonic acid) were obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233. Chicago acid was obtained from Pfaltz ~ Bauer, Inc., Stamford, Conn. 06902. Standard reagent grade solvents and reagents were used.
The examples shown are merely illustrative and are not to be construed as a limitation of the invention. One skilled in the art will be able to make such variations, substitutions and changes in the ingredients and parametcrs as may seem desirable. -.. .. - ~
.
': . -... . . . . . .. . . .
9.$~4.'~
~XAMPLE I
tn the experiments described in this example, the relative ascorbate resistance of various MBTH-coupler svstem~ and of o-tolidine are demonstrated.
', A first impregnating solution was prepared to contain tlle follo~ing:
Distilled Water 40 ml.
F.thanol , 40 ml.
Gantrez AN 139 ]0 5% weight/volume (w/v) in distilled water 52 ml.
Tris malonate buffer [2.8 M Tris (hydroxy-lS methyl) aminomethane;
1.4 M malonic acid;
1.4 M Sodium malonate] 32 ml.
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone 10% w/v in distilled water 28 ml.
200 mg Peroxidase in ' 4.3 ml glucose oxidase (1000 U/ml) ' ~ 19.3 ml distilled water Sheets of Eaton Dikeman 204 filter paper (E~D) were ' impregnated to saturation with the above-prepared solution and dried at 80C.
A first portion of these dried papers was saturated -with 0.02 M o-tolidine in CHC13 and dried at 50C to form the o-tolidine devices used. The remaining or second ', portion of the above-prepared dried papers was then impreg-nated to saturation with a solution of 50 ml'of methanol having 250 mg MBTH hydrochloride monohydrate dissolved ,~5 therein, and dried at 60C.
In a third impregnation, paper sheets of the second portion above were respectively impregnated to saturation witl~
the indicated solution of one of the'following potential couplers:
' ' ' . ' . . ': --~~
(,hicago Acid 2()0 mg in 40 ml n~ethanol Violet Acid 350 mg in 40 ml methano1 + 10 ml water Diethylaniline 186 mg in 50 ml methanol The papers so impregnated were then dried at 60C to form device~.
Tllese devices were respectively tested with ascorbate-~ree 100 mg/dl aqueous glucose solutions and with 100 mg/dl a~ueous glucose solutions containing 50 mg/dl ascorbate, and any color changes were read by the use of a recording reflec-tance spectrophotometer. Reflectance values at specificwavelengths were converted, by the Kubelka-Monk equation described previously, to equivalent absorbance values (K).
A ratio of K values was used in which K for data taken at 1 minute in the presence of 50 mg/dl ascorbate was divided by K for data taken at 1 minute in the absence of ascorbate. A value of 1 would mean no ascorbate inter-ference; a value of 0 would mean complete ascorbate in-; terference. Results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Relative Ascorbate Interference ~ K(Glucose ~ 50 IndicatorObserved mg/dl Ascorbate) ~nanometers) K (No Ascorbate) o-Tolidine 620 0.01 MBTH - Chicago Acid 560 0.40 MBTH- Violet Acid 540 0.08 ~ -MBTH - Diethylani-line (D~A) 600 0.12 ~
'' .
- .
i . - . - -These data clearly demonstrate that MBTH/Chicago acid had an ascorbate resistance much superior to o-tolidine, and indeed is significantly more ascorbate resistant than the ~rior art formulas based on MBTH/diethylaniline.
EXAMPLE II
In the experiments reported by this example, MBTH/
Chicago acid test devices were prepared as in Example I an~
respectively tested with samples of ascorbate-free urine and or urine containing 50 mg/dl ascorbate, both urine samples 1() containing 100 mg/dl glucose. The reflectance values observe~
in the devices tested were converted to equivalent absorbance ~K) values, and a ratio of K values w~s taken as in Example I. The ratio of activity in the presence of ascorbate compared to activity in ascorbate-free testing was 0.89.
l5 - When these results are compared with those reported in Table 1 of Example I it is seen that the MBTH/Chicago acid devices were twice as ascorbate resistant when used for testing urine.
EXAMPLE IIT
; 20 Solutions prepared as set forth below with compositions according to the invention were compared with those of the prior art for the effect of pH and buffer variance in solutions with and without ascorbate.
' These tests, like those previously reported, compare the reactions of a hydrazone with various couplers in response to an oxidant. In the previous examples the composi ; tions included an oxidase which reacted with the analyte or substance to be detected, to produce an oxidant, H2O2.
'' .
Peroxidase was included in those compositions along with the other components and the reaction proceeded upon contacting a sample containing the analyte. In contrast, the test compositions in this example were prepared to contain H2O2, r~ rather than the analyte-responsive oxidase, and the peroxidase was witheld until time for proceeding with the test.
lest solutions at pH 5.0 were prepared in 0.311 M
citrate buffer. Test solutions at pH 7.0 were prepared in 0.093 M Tris [Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] combined with n o. 093 M malonate. In each buffer system, test solutions were prepared to concentrations of 100 ~M MBTH, 100 ~M
coupler, and 333 ~M H2O2. The test solution prepared for each of the couplers was divided into two portions. To one portion of each test solution was added 56.% ~M (1 mg/dl) ascorbic acid.
The above solutions were placed in 3 ml standard glass or quartz cuvettes. In each case the reaction was allowed to proceed by injection of peroxidase to a concentration of 125 nanograms (ng)/ml. As in the previous examples, forma-tion of the chromogenic coupled hydrazone/coupler resultedin a change of optical density. Changes in optical density (~OD) were recorded by a standard recording absorbance spectrophotometer with the results shown in Tables 2 and 3.
: . .
'' ' ' ~ "' ' ~ ' Table 2 Tris-malonate Buffer (p~l 7) Rate of Reaction (AOD/min.
MBTH Coupler Wave Length No Ascorbate Ascorbate Chicago Acld 565 nm0.867 0.360 Chromotroplc acid 572 nm0.600 0.223 N,N-dimethyl-aniline -No reaction No reaction l-hydroxy-2-naphthalene-sulfonic acid 495 nm 0.373 0.159 l-hydroxy-3-naphthalene-sulfonic acid 490 nm 0.545 0.0977 l-hydroxy-5-naphthalene-sulfonic acid 495 nm 0.493 0.0815 ; Table 3-Citric Acid Buffer (pH 5) Rate of Reaction MBTH CouPler Wave Length No Ascorbate Ascorbate Chicago Acid 565 nm 0.196 0.0Z82 : Chromotropic acid 572 nm 0.162 0.0065 . N,N-dimethyl- .
aniline 570 nm 0.189 0.0000 l-hydroxy-2-naphthalene-sulfonic acid 495 nm 0.0891 0.0037 l-hydroxy-3-naphthalene-, sulfonic acid 490 nm 0.0992 0.0000 l-hydroxy-5-napthalene-sulfonic acid 495 nm 0.0822 0.0000 - -The results observed in the Tris Malonate buffer systcm at pH 7 for Chicago acid ~ere much superior to those of the dimethylaniline and the hydroxynapthalenesulfonates.
Chicago acid is more reactive both in the presence and absence of ascorbate. The activity at about pH 7.0 in terms of color development (~OD) per minute was about 3-4 times that in citric acid at pH 5.0 without ascorbate, and an even greater difference is seen with ascorbate. The results obtained in the presence of 56.8 ~mol/l (1.0 mg/dl) of ascorbic acid at various times and their respective absorbancc (optical density) values are graphically illustrated in Fig.
1 for MBTH/Chicago acid in Tris Malonate (pH 7) and citric acid (pH 5) systems. A comparison of results obtained with the various couplers in the presence of 56.8 ~mol/l (1.0 mg/dl) of ascorbic acid is graphically illustrated in Fig. 2 for the Tris Malonate (pH 7) system, with one notable exception.
Since the prior art coupler, dimethylaniline, would not even react under these parameters, its curve is taken from the citric acid (pH 5) data.
Thus, Chicago acid is optionally, and indeed optimally, functional in a preferred physiological pH range, especially important in enzyme assays.
Although the invention has been described with a -~
certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details may be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention.
, - : .: : . .
Claims (20)
1. Test means for the determination of an oxidizing substance which comprises a hydrazone and 8-amino-1-napthol-5,7-disulfonic acid.
2. The test means of claim 1 wherein said hydrazone is 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone.
3. A test device for the determination of an oxidizing substance which comprises a carrier matrix and, incorporated therewith, the test means of claim 1.
4. A test device for the determination of an oxidizing substance which comprises a carrier matrix and, incorporated therewith, the test means of claim 2.
5. The test device of claim 3 wherein the carrier matrix is bibulous.
6. A test device for the determination of an oxidizing substance which comprises a tablet incorporated with the test means of claim 1.
7. A process for the preparation of a device for the determination of oxidizing substances which comprises incorporating a carrier matrix with the test means of claim 1.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein said incorporating is impregnating with a solution of said test means, followed by drying.
9. A process for determination of an oxidizing sub-stance in a liquid sample which comprises contacting said sample with the test means of claim 1 and detecting any resultant response.
10. A process for determination of an oxidizing substance in a liquid sample which comprises contacting said sample with the test device of claim 3 and observing any resultant color change thereon.
11. In a test system for the determination of a constituent in a sample, having means responsive to the presence of said constituent in said sample to produce at least one oxidizing substance and having a composition for determining said at least one oxidizing substance, the improvement wherein said composition comprises a hydrazone and 8-amino-1-napthol-5,7-disulfonic acid.
12. The test system of claim 11 wherein said hydrazone is 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone.
13. A test device which comprises a carrier matrix and, incorporated therewith, the test system of claim 11.
14. A test device which comprises a carrier matrix and, incorporated therewith, the test system of claim 12.
15. The device of claim 13 wherein the carrier matrix is bibulous.
16. A test device which comprises a tablet incorporated with the test system of claim 11.
17. A process for the preparation of a test device which comprises incorporating a carrier matrix with the test system of claim 11.
18. The process of claim 17 wherein said incorporating is impregnating with a solution of said test system, followed by drying.
19. A process for determination of a constituent in a liquid sample which comprises contacting said sample with the test system of claim 11 and observing any resultant color change.
20. A process for determination of a constituent in a liquid sample which comprises contacting said sample with the test device of claim 13 and observing any resultant color change.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14,693 | 1979-02-23 | ||
| US06/014,693 US4247297A (en) | 1979-02-23 | 1979-02-23 | Test means and method for interference resistant determination of oxidizing substances |
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|---|---|
| CA1114725A true CA1114725A (en) | 1981-12-22 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CA341,933A Expired CA1114725A (en) | 1979-02-23 | 1979-12-14 | Test means and method for interference resistant determination of oxidizing substances |
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| US (1) | US4247297A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS55121149A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT365342B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU516029B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE881444A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1114725A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3000380C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK79080A (en) |
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| LU (1) | LU82180A1 (en) |
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Families Citing this family (105)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1144849A (en) * | 1979-10-24 | 1983-04-19 | Brown (Albert) Limited | Sterilisation indicators |
| US4390621A (en) * | 1980-12-15 | 1983-06-28 | Miles Laboratories, Inc. | Method and device for detecting glucose concentration |
| DE3124594A1 (en) * | 1981-06-23 | 1983-01-05 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim | AGENT AND METHOD FOR DETECTING HYDROGEN PEROXIDE |
| US4562148A (en) * | 1981-11-06 | 1985-12-31 | Miles Laboratories, Inc. | Analytical element and method for preventing reagent migration |
| DE3625852A1 (en) * | 1986-07-31 | 1988-02-04 | Miles Lab | IMPROVED TEST AGENTS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| US4885240A (en) * | 1986-09-04 | 1989-12-05 | Eastman Kodak Company | Use of organic buffers to reduce dehydroascorbic acid interference in analytical methods |
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-
1979
- 1979-02-23 US US06/014,693 patent/US4247297A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-12-14 CA CA341,933A patent/CA1114725A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-12-19 IL IL59006A patent/IL59006A/en unknown
- 1979-12-27 ZA ZA00797017A patent/ZA797017B/en unknown
-
1980
- 1980-01-02 GB GB8000087A patent/GB2045428B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-01-04 NL NL8000058A patent/NL8000058A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-01-07 DE DE3000380A patent/DE3000380C2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-01-22 FI FI800182A patent/FI800182A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-01-29 FR FR8001916A patent/FR2449889A1/en active Granted
- 1980-01-30 BE BE0/199183A patent/BE881444A/en unknown
- 1980-02-11 SE SE8001064A patent/SE8001064L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-02-15 JP JP1669680A patent/JPS55121149A/en active Granted
- 1980-02-19 LU LU82180A patent/LU82180A1/en unknown
- 1980-02-20 AU AU55734/80A patent/AU516029B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-02-22 AT AT0099980A patent/AT365342B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-02-22 DK DK79080A patent/DK79080A/en unknown
- 1980-02-22 NO NO800498A patent/NO800498L/en unknown
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|---|---|
| IL59006A (en) | 1982-09-30 |
| AU516029B2 (en) | 1981-05-14 |
| NO800498L (en) | 1980-08-25 |
| DK79080A (en) | 1980-08-24 |
| LU82180A1 (en) | 1980-06-06 |
| GB2045428A (en) | 1980-10-29 |
| FR2449889B1 (en) | 1984-11-09 |
| DE3000380C2 (en) | 1982-04-15 |
| GB2045428B (en) | 1983-05-11 |
| NL8000058A (en) | 1980-08-26 |
| SE8001064L (en) | 1980-08-24 |
| BE881444A (en) | 1980-05-16 |
| AU5573480A (en) | 1980-08-28 |
| ZA797017B (en) | 1981-07-29 |
| JPS55121149A (en) | 1980-09-18 |
| FI800182A (en) | 1980-08-24 |
| US4247297A (en) | 1981-01-27 |
| AT365342B (en) | 1982-01-11 |
| IL59006A0 (en) | 1980-03-31 |
| FR2449889A1 (en) | 1980-09-19 |
| ATA99980A (en) | 1981-05-15 |
| DE3000380A1 (en) | 1980-08-28 |
| JPH022103B2 (en) | 1990-01-16 |
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