CA1120461A - Oxidation stable composition of paraffinic mineral oil basestock - Google Patents
Oxidation stable composition of paraffinic mineral oil basestockInfo
- Publication number
- CA1120461A CA1120461A CA000333559A CA333559A CA1120461A CA 1120461 A CA1120461 A CA 1120461A CA 000333559 A CA000333559 A CA 000333559A CA 333559 A CA333559 A CA 333559A CA 1120461 A CA1120461 A CA 1120461A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- cycloparaffin
- rings
- mineral oil
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
(U.S. 972,740) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Mineral oil compositions having improved oxidation stability are provided by compositions comprising a major amount of a paraffinic mineral oil basestock and a selected amount of a branched, multiring cycloparaffinic component which is substantially made up of cycloparaffins having up to 7 rings and an average number of from about 3 to about 8 alkyl branches.
Mineral oil compositions having improved oxidation stability are provided by compositions comprising a major amount of a paraffinic mineral oil basestock and a selected amount of a branched, multiring cycloparaffinic component which is substantially made up of cycloparaffins having up to 7 rings and an average number of from about 3 to about 8 alkyl branches.
Description
~L'3L;Z~L~L 6~ '
2 This invention relates to mineral oil compositions
3 which have significan~ly improved oxidation stability and com-
4 prise a paraffinic mineral oil basestock and a selected amount of a branched, multiring cycloparaffin component. More par-6 ticularly, the invention is directed to a mineral oil compo-7 sition which has a major amount of a paraffinic base oil a~d 8 from about 0.1 to about 50 percent by weight of a cycloparaf-3 fin component which is substantially made up of cycloparafins having up to 7 rings and an average number of from about 3 to 11 about 8 alkyl branches per molecule.
12 One of the importan~ performance properties generally 13 deslred in mineral oils, particularly at high temperature and 14 specia}ty applications requiring long service life is oxida-tion stability or the ability to resist oxidation. It is well 16 known that lubrlcating oils derived from paraffinic crudes 17 have better oxidation stabilLty than oils derived from naph-18 thenic crudes. In many instances where a very high degree 19 of st bility is required in the lubricating oil, a significant amount of process refining Ls needed to obtain a formulation 21 with satisfactvry properties~ OfteQtimes this is accompanied 22 by the addition of an oxidation inhibitor to ~he composition.
23 Indeed a large number of antioxidants have been employed in a 24 variety of lubricating oil compositions and prominent among the general classes of such compounds are ~he sulfides, sul~-26 oxides, phosphites, amines t phenols, selenides and zinc thio-27 phosphates as disclosed in '~ubricant Additives" by C.V.
.. ~
1 Smalkeer et al, 1967, pO 7.
2 While the use of antioxidant additives does im~
3 prove the oxidation stability of the lubricating composi-4 tion, they do not all act the ~ame in a given formulation or under a variety of conditions. Consequently, besides the 6 added cost involv~d in using such additives, it is also nec-7 essary to evaluate the overall efec~s each additiv~ has on 8 the sys~em before an appropriate one is selected.
9 Accordingly, it is deslred to develop a mineral oil lubricating composition with improved 02idation stability 11 properties wit~out the need for antioxidant additives and 12 without the need for extensive process refining.
14 Now it has been discovered that a mineral oil h~-ing particularly improved oxldation stabillty is provlded by 16 a composition comprising a major amount of a paraflnic min-17 eral oil basestock and a sel cted amount of a branched multi~
18 ri~g cycloparaffin component.
The present invention relates to a mineral oil com~
21 position having impro~ed oxidation stability which is made up 22 of a major amount, i.e. about 5070 by weight or more~ of a 23 paraffinic mineral oil basestock and a selected amount of a 24 branched multiring cycloparaffin (often referred t~ as naph-thene) component.
26 Th~ mineral oil basestoc~ material used in this 27 inven~ion and referred to as a paraffinic mineral oil base-4~1 -- 3 -- .
1 stock is the refined or light ends dlstillate portion of a 2 parafinic crude oil from which the polar and aromatic por-3 tions have been substantially removed. Thus, the paraffinic 4 mineral oll basestoc~ of this in~ention is comprised largely S of parain hydrocarbons, eit~er straight or branched chain, 6 and cycloparaffins or naphthenes. While it is indicated that 7 the aromatic, as well as the polar) portions have been sub-8 stantially removed from the refined basestock, use of the 9 term "paraffinic mineral oil basestoc~" throughout this appli-cation is intended to include minor amounts of aromatic com-11 pounds and other components which are difficult to separate 12 and may remain along with the paraffins and cycloparaffins.
13 The mineral oil basestock material may be obtained from crude -14 oil using conventional reining techniques which include one or mor2 steps such as distillation, extraetion, hydrofining 16 and dewaxing.
17 The cyclopara~fin component used in the compositian 18 of this invention will ~e pr~marily made up of branched multi-l9 ring cycloparafins having up to 7 rings,:and an average num-ber of from~about 3 to about 8 alkyl branches per molecule.
21 ~hile some monocyclic (or l-ring) paraffins will be included 22 in this component, the major portion of it, i.e. about 50% or 23 ~ore by weight, will be made up of multiring cyclaparaffins 24 having at least 2 rlngs, preferably 2 ~o 6, and more prefe.-ably 2 to 4 rings. The amount of monocyclic paraffin in this 26 component will prefcrably be le~s than about 35 percent by 27 weight and more preferably less than about 10 percent by weight.
3L~L'~qL6:~
The llusber of carbon~ found in the ring s~ructure (i. e.
2 not including the branch carbons~ will generally be 5 and 3 6 with possibly some 7 carbs:n ring s~ructures being present.
4 In other words, the cycloparaf~ins will be predominantly 5
12 One of the importan~ performance properties generally 13 deslred in mineral oils, particularly at high temperature and 14 specia}ty applications requiring long service life is oxida-tion stability or the ability to resist oxidation. It is well 16 known that lubrlcating oils derived from paraffinic crudes 17 have better oxidation stabilLty than oils derived from naph-18 thenic crudes. In many instances where a very high degree 19 of st bility is required in the lubricating oil, a significant amount of process refining Ls needed to obtain a formulation 21 with satisfactvry properties~ OfteQtimes this is accompanied 22 by the addition of an oxidation inhibitor to ~he composition.
23 Indeed a large number of antioxidants have been employed in a 24 variety of lubricating oil compositions and prominent among the general classes of such compounds are ~he sulfides, sul~-26 oxides, phosphites, amines t phenols, selenides and zinc thio-27 phosphates as disclosed in '~ubricant Additives" by C.V.
.. ~
1 Smalkeer et al, 1967, pO 7.
2 While the use of antioxidant additives does im~
3 prove the oxidation stability of the lubricating composi-4 tion, they do not all act the ~ame in a given formulation or under a variety of conditions. Consequently, besides the 6 added cost involv~d in using such additives, it is also nec-7 essary to evaluate the overall efec~s each additiv~ has on 8 the sys~em before an appropriate one is selected.
9 Accordingly, it is deslred to develop a mineral oil lubricating composition with improved 02idation stability 11 properties wit~out the need for antioxidant additives and 12 without the need for extensive process refining.
14 Now it has been discovered that a mineral oil h~-ing particularly improved oxldation stabillty is provlded by 16 a composition comprising a major amount of a paraflnic min-17 eral oil basestock and a sel cted amount of a branched multi~
18 ri~g cycloparaffin component.
The present invention relates to a mineral oil com~
21 position having impro~ed oxidation stability which is made up 22 of a major amount, i.e. about 5070 by weight or more~ of a 23 paraffinic mineral oil basestock and a selected amount of a 24 branched multiring cycloparaffin (often referred t~ as naph-thene) component.
26 Th~ mineral oil basestoc~ material used in this 27 inven~ion and referred to as a paraffinic mineral oil base-4~1 -- 3 -- .
1 stock is the refined or light ends dlstillate portion of a 2 parafinic crude oil from which the polar and aromatic por-3 tions have been substantially removed. Thus, the paraffinic 4 mineral oll basestoc~ of this in~ention is comprised largely S of parain hydrocarbons, eit~er straight or branched chain, 6 and cycloparaffins or naphthenes. While it is indicated that 7 the aromatic, as well as the polar) portions have been sub-8 stantially removed from the refined basestock, use of the 9 term "paraffinic mineral oil basestoc~" throughout this appli-cation is intended to include minor amounts of aromatic com-11 pounds and other components which are difficult to separate 12 and may remain along with the paraffins and cycloparaffins.
13 The mineral oil basestock material may be obtained from crude -14 oil using conventional reining techniques which include one or mor2 steps such as distillation, extraetion, hydrofining 16 and dewaxing.
17 The cyclopara~fin component used in the compositian 18 of this invention will ~e pr~marily made up of branched multi-l9 ring cycloparafins having up to 7 rings,:and an average num-ber of from~about 3 to about 8 alkyl branches per molecule.
21 ~hile some monocyclic (or l-ring) paraffins will be included 22 in this component, the major portion of it, i.e. about 50% or 23 ~ore by weight, will be made up of multiring cyclaparaffins 24 having at least 2 rlngs, preferably 2 ~o 6, and more prefe.-ably 2 to 4 rings. The amount of monocyclic paraffin in this 26 component will prefcrably be le~s than about 35 percent by 27 weight and more preferably less than about 10 percent by weight.
3L~L'~qL6:~
The llusber of carbon~ found in the ring s~ructure (i. e.
2 not including the branch carbons~ will generally be 5 and 3 6 with possibly some 7 carbs:n ring s~ructures being present.
4 In other words, the cycloparaf~ins will be predominantly 5
5 aIld 6 membered rings. The number of carb~n ato~s in the
6 braslches will generally vary from ab~ut 1 to about 6, pre:f-
7 erably about 1 eo about 3, and more preferably abaut 3. As
8 indicated above, the number of alkyL branches on the multi-
9 ring cycloparaff~ns will vary froro an avera~P nt2mber o about lû 3 to about 8 with at least about 4 being pre~erre~ and even 11 more preferable at least about 6 alkyl branches.
lZ l~ is to be no~ed that ~he hydrocar~on partions of 13 both the mineral oil basestoc~c and the cycloparafin compo-14 ~e~ as de~ned abu~e will comprise a mixture of the differ~
15 ent hydrocarbons a~d the numbers generally re~erred to will 16 be ntlmber avera$es.
17 The amoun~ of cycloparaffin component ~sed in ~he 18 mineral oil of the inven~ion will vaxy rrom aboue O.L to 19 abvut 50 perc nt by ~eight ~ p ~ eferably from about 0.1 to ' about 5, and more prefexably from ab~ut 0.5 to about 1.5 per~
21 cent by weight based on the tota~ weight of the min ral oil 22 compo~ition.
23 The cyclopar~ffinic component may be obtained from 24 the saturaeed partion of refined crudP oil by known separation 2S techniques and one particularly useful method irlvolves thermal 26 dif~usion and silica gel chromaeography as further described 27 and exe~plified in an article entitled "Composition and 0 ~ 6.
1 Oxidation o~ Pe~roleu~ Fractions'7 by G.E. Cranton in 2 5~E~L.9~5~ 14 ~1916) pp 201-208.
: 3 O~her addi~ives conventiona:Lly used in oil compo-4 sitions ~ this general type may also be lncluded in the 5 oil compcsitio~ of this invention. Generally~ such addi-6 tives will be included wi~h the basestock ma~erial in maki~g 7 up the major amount of the oil composltion.
8 The mineral compos~tions of this in~ention have significantly improved oxid~tion stability as illustrated below~ Thls ver~ desirable proper~y o~ high oxida~ion resis-11 tanco makes these mineral oil compositions particularly use~
12 ful ln applications requiring hlgh ~ervice life under hig~
13 te0perature and o~her eæ~reme conditionsO The mineral oils 14 of ehis in~ention are also useful in applications such ~s transformer and elcctrical oilsO
The following example is set forth to illustrate 17 ~he inventio~ and should not be construed as a limi~ation 18 ~here~f.
A ~aturated light ends portion of a mineral oil 21 was obtained from crude oil by con~entional refining tech-22 nl~ues and contained a significan~ amount of paraffinic hydro~
23 carbon material (44% by weight) and a lar~e amoun~ (54% by 24 weight) of monocyclic paraffins with a li~ited amount or 2-ri~g cycloparaffins ~a~out 2% by weight) also presene. This 26 portion was used as the basestoc~ in the following described 27 mi~tures.
A branched cycloparaffin component was ob~ained ? from the saturate por~ion of previously re~in~od mineral 3 crude by the ~hermal difuslon technique as described by 4 J. Denis and G~ Parc in ~ , 59 (1972) 75, followed by liquid/solld chromatography through silica gel.
6 This component contained aSout 30 percent by weight of mono-7 cyclic paraffins with the balance being multiring cycloparaf-8 fins of 2 to 6 rings (31% of 2-ring) 23a/~ of 3-ring, 12% of 9 4-ring, 3% of 5-ring and 1% 6-ring cycloparaffins). The com-ponent mixture had an average number of 6.7 al~yl branches 11 per molecule~
12 Taking various proportions of the cycloparaffin 13 component and mixing with the mineral oil basestock defined 14 above, a series of miner~l oil mixtures was prepared. Oxi-dation stabllity of the different mixtures was measured by 16 isothermal differen~ial scanning calorimetry in atmospheric 17 oxygen. The appara~us used was a Par~in-Elmer differential 18 scanning calorimeter Model DSC l-B. Oxygen was 1ushed 19 throu~h che system at 30 ml/min with a sample size of 0.5mg~
The oxidation life as determined by this technique was the 21 time it took for the onset of degradation at 160~C and the 22 results are as follows:
a6:~L
Oxidation Li~e 2Wt.~10 of Cycloparaffin Minutes at 160C
3Compon nt in Basestoc~c 4 0 ~.5 6 50 : 10 7 g9 7.5 $ 10~ 7 9 E'rom the above results; it is quite apparent that
lZ l~ is to be no~ed that ~he hydrocar~on partions of 13 both the mineral oil basestoc~c and the cycloparafin compo-14 ~e~ as de~ned abu~e will comprise a mixture of the differ~
15 ent hydrocarbons a~d the numbers generally re~erred to will 16 be ntlmber avera$es.
17 The amoun~ of cycloparaffin component ~sed in ~he 18 mineral oil of the inven~ion will vaxy rrom aboue O.L to 19 abvut 50 perc nt by ~eight ~ p ~ eferably from about 0.1 to ' about 5, and more prefexably from ab~ut 0.5 to about 1.5 per~
21 cent by weight based on the tota~ weight of the min ral oil 22 compo~ition.
23 The cyclopar~ffinic component may be obtained from 24 the saturaeed partion of refined crudP oil by known separation 2S techniques and one particularly useful method irlvolves thermal 26 dif~usion and silica gel chromaeography as further described 27 and exe~plified in an article entitled "Composition and 0 ~ 6.
1 Oxidation o~ Pe~roleu~ Fractions'7 by G.E. Cranton in 2 5~E~L.9~5~ 14 ~1916) pp 201-208.
: 3 O~her addi~ives conventiona:Lly used in oil compo-4 sitions ~ this general type may also be lncluded in the 5 oil compcsitio~ of this invention. Generally~ such addi-6 tives will be included wi~h the basestock ma~erial in maki~g 7 up the major amount of the oil composltion.
8 The mineral compos~tions of this in~ention have significantly improved oxid~tion stability as illustrated below~ Thls ver~ desirable proper~y o~ high oxida~ion resis-11 tanco makes these mineral oil compositions particularly use~
12 ful ln applications requiring hlgh ~ervice life under hig~
13 te0perature and o~her eæ~reme conditionsO The mineral oils 14 of ehis in~ention are also useful in applications such ~s transformer and elcctrical oilsO
The following example is set forth to illustrate 17 ~he inventio~ and should not be construed as a limi~ation 18 ~here~f.
A ~aturated light ends portion of a mineral oil 21 was obtained from crude oil by con~entional refining tech-22 nl~ues and contained a significan~ amount of paraffinic hydro~
23 carbon material (44% by weight) and a lar~e amoun~ (54% by 24 weight) of monocyclic paraffins with a li~ited amount or 2-ri~g cycloparaffins ~a~out 2% by weight) also presene. This 26 portion was used as the basestoc~ in the following described 27 mi~tures.
A branched cycloparaffin component was ob~ained ? from the saturate por~ion of previously re~in~od mineral 3 crude by the ~hermal difuslon technique as described by 4 J. Denis and G~ Parc in ~ , 59 (1972) 75, followed by liquid/solld chromatography through silica gel.
6 This component contained aSout 30 percent by weight of mono-7 cyclic paraffins with the balance being multiring cycloparaf-8 fins of 2 to 6 rings (31% of 2-ring) 23a/~ of 3-ring, 12% of 9 4-ring, 3% of 5-ring and 1% 6-ring cycloparaffins). The com-ponent mixture had an average number of 6.7 al~yl branches 11 per molecule~
12 Taking various proportions of the cycloparaffin 13 component and mixing with the mineral oil basestock defined 14 above, a series of miner~l oil mixtures was prepared. Oxi-dation stabllity of the different mixtures was measured by 16 isothermal differen~ial scanning calorimetry in atmospheric 17 oxygen. The appara~us used was a Par~in-Elmer differential 18 scanning calorimeter Model DSC l-B. Oxygen was 1ushed 19 throu~h che system at 30 ml/min with a sample size of 0.5mg~
The oxidation life as determined by this technique was the 21 time it took for the onset of degradation at 160~C and the 22 results are as follows:
a6:~L
Oxidation Li~e 2Wt.~10 of Cycloparaffin Minutes at 160C
3Compon nt in Basestoc~c 4 0 ~.5 6 50 : 10 7 g9 7.5 $ 10~ 7 9 E'rom the above results; it is quite apparent that
10 adding only a small amount of ~he branched, multiring cyclo~
11 paraffin component to the mineral oil basestock improved the
12 oxidation life of the oil by a surpr~ singly significant
13 amount making the combination particularly desirable for
14 applications requiring unusual o~idation stability.
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Claims (13)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A mineral oil composition having improved oxi-dation stability comprising a major amount of paraffinic oil basestock and from about 0.1 to about 50 percent by weight of a branched, multiring cycloparaffin component having up to 7 rings and an average number of from about 3 to about 8 alkyl branches per molecule, the major portion of said com-ponent having at least 2 rings.
2. The composition of claim 19 wherein the major portion of said cycloparaffin component contains structures having 2 to 6 rings.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein said alkyl branches each have from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
4. The composition of claim 3 wherein from about 0.1 to about 5 percent by weight of said cycloparaffin com-ponent is used.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein said cyclo-paraffin component contains less than about 35 percent by weight of monocyclic paraffins.
6. The composition of claim 5 wherein the number of ring carbon atoms in said cycloparaffin rings will be 5 or 6.
7. The composition of claim 5 wherein the aver-age number of alkyl branches in said cycloparaffin compo-nent will be at least about 4.
8. The composition of claim 5 wherein the major portion of said cycloparaffin component contains structures having 2 to 4 rings.
9. The composition of claim 8 wherein from about 0.5 to about 1.5 percent by weight of said cycloparaffin com-ponent is used.
10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the average number of alkyl branches in said cycloparaffin component will be at least about 4 and the number of carbon atoms per alkyl branch will be from about 1 to about 3.
11. The composition of claim 10 wherein the number of ring atoms in said cycloparaffin rings will be 5 or 6.
12. The composition of claim 11 wherein said cyclo-paraffin component contains less than about 10 percent by weight of monocyclic paraffins.
13. The composition of claim 12 wherein the average number of alkyl branches in said cycloparaffin component will be at least about 6.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US97274078A | 1978-12-26 | 1978-12-26 | |
| US972,740 | 1978-12-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1120461A true CA1120461A (en) | 1982-03-23 |
Family
ID=25520055
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000333559A Expired CA1120461A (en) | 1978-12-26 | 1979-08-10 | Oxidation stable composition of paraffinic mineral oil basestock |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1120461A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2440218A (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2008-01-23 | Afton Chemical Corp | Lubricant compositions |
| EP1973996A2 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2008-10-01 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | Ashless lubricating oil with high oxidation stability |
| EP1973997A2 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2008-10-01 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | Lubricating oil with high oxidation stability |
| US7879775B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2011-02-01 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant compositions |
| US7902133B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2011-03-08 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant composition |
| US7906465B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2011-03-15 | Afton Chemical Corp. | Lubricant compositions |
| US8003584B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2011-08-23 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant compositions |
-
1979
- 1979-08-10 CA CA000333559A patent/CA1120461A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1973996A2 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2008-10-01 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | Ashless lubricating oil with high oxidation stability |
| EP1973997A2 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2008-10-01 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | Lubricating oil with high oxidation stability |
| EP1973997A4 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2009-06-03 | Chevron Usa Inc | Lubricating oil with high oxidation stability |
| EP1973996A4 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2009-07-01 | Chevron Usa Inc | Ashless lubricating oil with high oxidation stability |
| GB2440218A (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2008-01-23 | Afton Chemical Corp | Lubricant compositions |
| GB2440218B (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2009-04-08 | Afton Chemical Corp | Lubricant compositions |
| US7879775B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2011-02-01 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant compositions |
| US7902133B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2011-03-08 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant composition |
| US7906465B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2011-03-15 | Afton Chemical Corp. | Lubricant compositions |
| US8003584B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2011-08-23 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant compositions |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |