CA1122139A - Power recovery apparatus for an electric typewriter - Google Patents
Power recovery apparatus for an electric typewriterInfo
- Publication number
- CA1122139A CA1122139A CA000356833A CA356833A CA1122139A CA 1122139 A CA1122139 A CA 1122139A CA 000356833 A CA000356833 A CA 000356833A CA 356833 A CA356833 A CA 356833A CA 1122139 A CA1122139 A CA 1122139A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- character
- power
- printing
- printer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
- G06K15/02—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers
- G06K15/06—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers by type-wheel printers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/30—Means for acting in the event of power-supply failure or interruption, e.g. power-supply fluctuations
Abstract
Abstract An electric typewriter includes a RAM memory for storing selected characters to be printed and for storing data relating to the present escapement position and future es-capement destination of a print head of the typewriter. A
control unit operates a printer to print the stored charac-ters in the memory unit and, when a power interrupt occurs and power is subsequently restored, the control unit ac-cesses particular position data in the memory in accordance with the angular position of a print shaft of the type-writer at the time of the power interrupt. The accessed data is employed to define a proper return escapement posi-tion for the printing head of the typewriter.
control unit operates a printer to print the stored charac-ters in the memory unit and, when a power interrupt occurs and power is subsequently restored, the control unit ac-cesses particular position data in the memory in accordance with the angular position of a print shaft of the type-writer at the time of the power interrupt. The accessed data is employed to define a proper return escapement posi-tion for the printing head of the typewriter.
Description
3~
PO~ P RECOVERY l~PPAR~TUS FOR AN ELECTRIC TYPE~WRITER
Description Technical Field The invention relates to an apparatus for returning the prin-ting head of a typewriter to a restart escapement position after an interruption in the main power supply of the type-writer and, more particularly, to such an apparatus wherein a charac-ter is reprinted after a power interrupt if the power interrupt occurs before an i.nertial print point in the prin-tlng cycle of the character.
~ ackground ArtElectric typewriters that store and print selected charac-ters are known to thè art~ Such electric typewriters typi-cally have an electrically powered memory that stores coded representations of selected characters and a control appara-tus, for example a microprocessor, that causes the charac-ter to be sequentially read from the memory and printed by a suitable printi~:g apparatus.
~' It is known that if power is lost while the printer of a typewriter is engaged in a printing operation, and power is subseyuently restored, the operational condition of the printer may be ambiguous, since power may have been removed before a charac~er was properly printed or before a proper escapement of the printing head was carri.ed out. It has been suygested in the UOS. Patent to Perkins, No. 3,554,347, that after a power down condition, the printing head of a typewriter may be returned to a particular reference posi-ti.on, for example a far margi.n of the typewriter. However, : tl-.e apparatus of the Perkins patent is not employed to auto-matically return the printing head of a typewriter to a correct escapement position when power is restored after a power interrupt.
>~
3~
It has c~lso been disclosed in the prior art, for e~ample in the U.S. Patent to Slieg, No. 3,233,715, that the angu-lar posltion of a print shaft may be employed to provide a timing sequence for the normal mechanical operations of a typewriter. However, it has not been suggested in the prior art that the feedback angle of such a print shaft may be used to determine the proper escapement position of a print head when power is restored after a power interrupt.
Accordingly, it is ~n object of the invention to provide an apparatus and system for returning the print head of an elec-tric typewriter to a proper return print position when power is restored after a power interrupt.
~nother object of the invention is to provide such an ap-paratus, wherein the feedback angle of a print shaft of a typewriter is employed to define a particular point in time during a print cycle at which the printing apparatus will complete a printi~,g operation even if power is removed, the point in time then being used to determine if a charac-ter should be reprinted when power is returned.
~ further object of the invention is -to provide an apparatus ' including print status re~isters that store the identity and escapement positions of selected characters and that define the angular position of a print shaft at the time of a power interrupt~
These and other objects of this invention will become appar-ent from a review of -the detailed specification which fol-lcws and a consideration of the accompanying drawings.
Disclosure of the Invention . _ ln order to achieve the objects of the invention and to overcome the problems of the prior art, the apparatus for LE'9-78-017 35~
reco~ering from an interruption of power to a printer, accordirlg to the invention, lncludes memory means for stor-ing t:he character identity and position codes of selected characters. A print shaft is provided to define a print cyc]e for each character. The cycle has print operations i,ncluding an initiation operation, a completion operation and an intermediate operation that defines a point in time after which a character will be satisfactorily printed even if power to the printer is lost. A status latch is provided to indicate when the intermediate operation of a cycle has been executed.
A control means accesses particular character identity and position codes in the memory means in accordance with the condition of the status latch and the angular position of the print shaft, and defines a return escapement position when power is restored after a power interrupt. A dis-placement means moves the print head of the printer to the return escapement position and normal printing is then resumed.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fiyure la is a diagrammatic illustra-tion of a printer and printer control apparatus in accordance with the inventionO
Figure lb is a front elevation view of a timer disk for the apparatus of Figure la.
Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart of program steps for operating the printing apparatus of Figure la to print selected characters and for deteçting the occurrence of a power interrupt.
; Fi~ure 3 is a timing diagram of the control signal for the cycle clutch of the print shaft of the apparatus of Figure la.
Figure 4 illustrates the cycle clutch control signal of Figure 3 and additional control signals for the apparatus of Flgure la.
Figure 5 illustrates a flow chart of program steps for a print:er re~tart procedure in accordance with the invention.
_est Mode for Carrying out the Invention The remaining portion of this specification will describe preferred embodiments of the invention when read in con-junction with the attached drawings, in which like refer-ence characters identiEy identical apparatus.
Figure la shows a diagrammatic view of a printer and asso-ciated control devices in accordance with the invention.
In operation, a printing unit 1 is employed to receive selected character codes and to print corresponding lines of characters, For a preferred embodiment of the invention, the printing uni-. 1 may be an IBM 50 or 60 electric type-writer, although it should be understood that ot'ner type-writers may be employed without departing from the spirit of the invention.
The printing unit of Figure 1 includes a spherical printing element 3 that is supported on a carrier 5 and that is moved transversely by means of a leadscrew 7 that rotates to move the carrier 5 through successive printing positions along a line. The leadscrew 7 is rotated by a motor 9 that is powered by a main power supply 11. The leadscrew 7 rotates under the control of an escapement solenoid 13. An exten-ding arm of the solenoid engages,a ratchet 8 and thereby b':ocks the rotational mo~ement of the screw when the solenoid is de-energized and disengages the ratchet to allow the screw to rotate when the solenoid is energized.
PO~ P RECOVERY l~PPAR~TUS FOR AN ELECTRIC TYPE~WRITER
Description Technical Field The invention relates to an apparatus for returning the prin-ting head of a typewriter to a restart escapement position after an interruption in the main power supply of the type-writer and, more particularly, to such an apparatus wherein a charac-ter is reprinted after a power interrupt if the power interrupt occurs before an i.nertial print point in the prin-tlng cycle of the character.
~ ackground ArtElectric typewriters that store and print selected charac-ters are known to thè art~ Such electric typewriters typi-cally have an electrically powered memory that stores coded representations of selected characters and a control appara-tus, for example a microprocessor, that causes the charac-ter to be sequentially read from the memory and printed by a suitable printi~:g apparatus.
~' It is known that if power is lost while the printer of a typewriter is engaged in a printing operation, and power is subseyuently restored, the operational condition of the printer may be ambiguous, since power may have been removed before a charac~er was properly printed or before a proper escapement of the printing head was carri.ed out. It has been suygested in the UOS. Patent to Perkins, No. 3,554,347, that after a power down condition, the printing head of a typewriter may be returned to a particular reference posi-ti.on, for example a far margi.n of the typewriter. However, : tl-.e apparatus of the Perkins patent is not employed to auto-matically return the printing head of a typewriter to a correct escapement position when power is restored after a power interrupt.
>~
3~
It has c~lso been disclosed in the prior art, for e~ample in the U.S. Patent to Slieg, No. 3,233,715, that the angu-lar posltion of a print shaft may be employed to provide a timing sequence for the normal mechanical operations of a typewriter. However, it has not been suggested in the prior art that the feedback angle of such a print shaft may be used to determine the proper escapement position of a print head when power is restored after a power interrupt.
Accordingly, it is ~n object of the invention to provide an apparatus and system for returning the print head of an elec-tric typewriter to a proper return print position when power is restored after a power interrupt.
~nother object of the invention is to provide such an ap-paratus, wherein the feedback angle of a print shaft of a typewriter is employed to define a particular point in time during a print cycle at which the printing apparatus will complete a printi~,g operation even if power is removed, the point in time then being used to determine if a charac-ter should be reprinted when power is returned.
~ further object of the invention is -to provide an apparatus ' including print status re~isters that store the identity and escapement positions of selected characters and that define the angular position of a print shaft at the time of a power interrupt~
These and other objects of this invention will become appar-ent from a review of -the detailed specification which fol-lcws and a consideration of the accompanying drawings.
Disclosure of the Invention . _ ln order to achieve the objects of the invention and to overcome the problems of the prior art, the apparatus for LE'9-78-017 35~
reco~ering from an interruption of power to a printer, accordirlg to the invention, lncludes memory means for stor-ing t:he character identity and position codes of selected characters. A print shaft is provided to define a print cyc]e for each character. The cycle has print operations i,ncluding an initiation operation, a completion operation and an intermediate operation that defines a point in time after which a character will be satisfactorily printed even if power to the printer is lost. A status latch is provided to indicate when the intermediate operation of a cycle has been executed.
A control means accesses particular character identity and position codes in the memory means in accordance with the condition of the status latch and the angular position of the print shaft, and defines a return escapement position when power is restored after a power interrupt. A dis-placement means moves the print head of the printer to the return escapement position and normal printing is then resumed.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fiyure la is a diagrammatic illustra-tion of a printer and printer control apparatus in accordance with the inventionO
Figure lb is a front elevation view of a timer disk for the apparatus of Figure la.
Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart of program steps for operating the printing apparatus of Figure la to print selected characters and for deteçting the occurrence of a power interrupt.
; Fi~ure 3 is a timing diagram of the control signal for the cycle clutch of the print shaft of the apparatus of Figure la.
Figure 4 illustrates the cycle clutch control signal of Figure 3 and additional control signals for the apparatus of Flgure la.
Figure 5 illustrates a flow chart of program steps for a print:er re~tart procedure in accordance with the invention.
_est Mode for Carrying out the Invention The remaining portion of this specification will describe preferred embodiments of the invention when read in con-junction with the attached drawings, in which like refer-ence characters identiEy identical apparatus.
Figure la shows a diagrammatic view of a printer and asso-ciated control devices in accordance with the invention.
In operation, a printing unit 1 is employed to receive selected character codes and to print corresponding lines of characters, For a preferred embodiment of the invention, the printing uni-. 1 may be an IBM 50 or 60 electric type-writer, although it should be understood that ot'ner type-writers may be employed without departing from the spirit of the invention.
The printing unit of Figure 1 includes a spherical printing element 3 that is supported on a carrier 5 and that is moved transversely by means of a leadscrew 7 that rotates to move the carrier 5 through successive printing positions along a line. The leadscrew 7 is rotated by a motor 9 that is powered by a main power supply 11. The leadscrew 7 rotates under the control of an escapement solenoid 13. An exten-ding arm of the solenoid engages,a ratchet 8 and thereby b':ocks the rotational mo~ement of the screw when the solenoid is de-energized and disengages the ratchet to allow the screw to rotate when the solenoid is energized.
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The motor 9 is also employed to rotate a print shaft 15 that is employed to drive the printing head 3 into contact with a platen 17 that supports a paper. A selected charac-ter is printed on the paper when the printing head impacts the paper. The print shaft 15 rotates under the control of a cycle clutch solenoid 19 that may be de-energized to engage a clutch latch with a sleeve of the print shaft 15 and to thereby hold the shaft at a 0 reference position.
Energization of the clutch solenoid 19 causes the clutch latch to disengage from the sleeve of the print shaft 15, thereby allowing the shaft to rotate from the 0 reference posltion through a 360 print cycle. The print shaft 15 will continue to rotate to define successive print cycles for the printing head 3 if the clutch solenoid is energized to avoid engaging the latch and the sleeve at the 0 ref-erence position.
The yrinting head 3 strikes the platen 17 only once during a particular 360 printing cycle. For the embodiment of Figurela, when the print shaft 15 moves to an ~5 point in the print cycl~, the shaft and associated printing apparatus acquires a momentum that is sufficient to print a charac-ter, even if the printer loses main power immediately after the printing shaft reaches the 85 point. Thus, the 85 cycle position of the print shaft 15 defines a point at which the printer will carry through a satisfactory print opera tion l~y inertia.
It should be understood that although the invention is de-scribed with respect to a printer which has an 85 inertial print point, other printers with different inertial print points may be employed without departing from the spirit of the invention. In addition, such a print point may be de-fined with respect to operations other than mechanical opera-tions and conditions other than inertial conditions. For example, for a thermal printer the print point may be de-L~9-78-017 ~2~2~3~
fined as the point at which the thermal elements of the printe~ are sufficiently heated to cause a printed character to appear on thermal paper even though power is simultaneous-ly or subsequently dropped from the printer.
5 It should also be understood that in printing a character, a printer interface 25 sends a eoded signal corresponding to the identity of the selected charaeter to the printing unit and the signal is utilized in a manner known to the art to position a eorresponding eharacter on the printing 10 head 3 to strike the platen 17 ak a particular time after the inertial print point of 85 is reaehedO Of eourse, prior to the printing of a partieular eharaeter, the lead serew 7 is rotated to move the carrier 5 and associated printing head 3 to a partieular position at which the selee-15 ted charaeter is to be printed.
The printing un~t 1 and printer interface 25 of Figure laare eontrolled by a eontrol unit 21, for example a miero-proeessor, and an assoeiated RAM memory 23. More partieu-larly, in opera~ion, charaeters are suecessively seleeted 70 on a keyboard 27 and coded representations of the charaeters are stored in the RAM memory 23 by the control unit 21. If the type~riter is a proportional spaein~ typewriter, the spaeiny be'cween adjaeent eharacters may also be stored in the R~M memory.
25 In accordance with the invention~ various memory registers or locations in the RAM memory 23 are employed to store ch,raeter position information and eharaeter identifieation information so that the characters that are entered on the keyboard 27 may be properly printed by the printing unit 1.
30 The re~isters or memory loeations are also utilized by the eontrol unit ~1 to return the printing unit 1 to a proper operaki,onal eondition followin~ a loss of main power from
The motor 9 is also employed to rotate a print shaft 15 that is employed to drive the printing head 3 into contact with a platen 17 that supports a paper. A selected charac-ter is printed on the paper when the printing head impacts the paper. The print shaft 15 rotates under the control of a cycle clutch solenoid 19 that may be de-energized to engage a clutch latch with a sleeve of the print shaft 15 and to thereby hold the shaft at a 0 reference position.
Energization of the clutch solenoid 19 causes the clutch latch to disengage from the sleeve of the print shaft 15, thereby allowing the shaft to rotate from the 0 reference posltion through a 360 print cycle. The print shaft 15 will continue to rotate to define successive print cycles for the printing head 3 if the clutch solenoid is energized to avoid engaging the latch and the sleeve at the 0 ref-erence position.
The yrinting head 3 strikes the platen 17 only once during a particular 360 printing cycle. For the embodiment of Figurela, when the print shaft 15 moves to an ~5 point in the print cycl~, the shaft and associated printing apparatus acquires a momentum that is sufficient to print a charac-ter, even if the printer loses main power immediately after the printing shaft reaches the 85 point. Thus, the 85 cycle position of the print shaft 15 defines a point at which the printer will carry through a satisfactory print opera tion l~y inertia.
It should be understood that although the invention is de-scribed with respect to a printer which has an 85 inertial print point, other printers with different inertial print points may be employed without departing from the spirit of the invention. In addition, such a print point may be de-fined with respect to operations other than mechanical opera-tions and conditions other than inertial conditions. For example, for a thermal printer the print point may be de-L~9-78-017 ~2~2~3~
fined as the point at which the thermal elements of the printe~ are sufficiently heated to cause a printed character to appear on thermal paper even though power is simultaneous-ly or subsequently dropped from the printer.
5 It should also be understood that in printing a character, a printer interface 25 sends a eoded signal corresponding to the identity of the selected charaeter to the printing unit and the signal is utilized in a manner known to the art to position a eorresponding eharacter on the printing 10 head 3 to strike the platen 17 ak a particular time after the inertial print point of 85 is reaehedO Of eourse, prior to the printing of a partieular eharaeter, the lead serew 7 is rotated to move the carrier 5 and associated printing head 3 to a partieular position at which the selee-15 ted charaeter is to be printed.
The printing un~t 1 and printer interface 25 of Figure laare eontrolled by a eontrol unit 21, for example a miero-proeessor, and an assoeiated RAM memory 23. More partieu-larly, in opera~ion, charaeters are suecessively seleeted 70 on a keyboard 27 and coded representations of the charaeters are stored in the RAM memory 23 by the control unit 21. If the type~riter is a proportional spaein~ typewriter, the spaeiny be'cween adjaeent eharacters may also be stored in the R~M memory.
25 In accordance with the invention~ various memory registers or locations in the RAM memory 23 are employed to store ch,raeter position information and eharaeter identifieation information so that the characters that are entered on the keyboard 27 may be properly printed by the printing unit 1.
30 The re~isters or memory loeations are also utilized by the eontrol unit ~1 to return the printing unit 1 to a proper operaki,onal eondition followin~ a loss of main power from
3¢~
the power supply 11 during a printing operation.
~en the main power of the power supply 11 is turned off dur-i.ng a printing operation, either due to a power malfunction or due to the closing of a "keep alive" switch 18, operation-5 al power is supplied to the control unit 21 memory 23 anda status latch 29 by an auxiliary power supply 22 for e~-ample batteries. Also, the main power supply 11 applies a "power down" signal to the control unit 21 to notify the control unit that a power loss has occurred. Thereafter 10 the control unit 21 stores data in the RA~ memory 23 and the status latch 29 to define a proper operational state for the printing unit when power is returned.
Tt should be appreciated that if main power is lost during a printing cyclel a character may or may not have been 15 printed with sufficient force to produce a discernible im-print on the paper. Also, if the printing head 3 was being moved to a particular character position when the power loss occurred, the print head may be stopped in an intermediate positi.on. ~ccordingly, when main power is returned it is 20 necessary to return the print head 3 to the character position following the last discernible character that was printed immed;ately prior to the power interruption.
~Yhen ~he ~nain power from the main power supply 11 is returned due to a correction of the power defect or to the opening of 25 the keep alive switch 18, the main power supply 11 ceases ~o send a power down signal to the control unit 21, thereby noti-fying the control unit 21 that mai.n power has returned. There~
after the contro]. unit 21 access~s the RAM memory 23 and sta-tus latch 29 and defines an appropriate return printiny posi-30 tion for the printing head 3 of the printing unit 1. Theprinting head is then moved to the computed return position and printing is resumed.
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Thus, ~hen power is returned, the control unit 21 evaluates the activity of the printing head 3 immediately prior to the loss of main power, and, if the head was in the act of prin-tiny a particular character, it is determined whether the 5 character was printed after power was removed. If the charac-ter was printed, the printing head 3 is positioned at a next successive printing position to begin printing the charac-ter following the previously pri.nted character. However, if the interruption of main power was sufficiently early in a 10 printing cycle to prevent the proper printing of a parti-cular character, the control unit 21 returns the printing head 3 to the position of the character and prints the character when power returns, and then prints additional characters in accordance with the normal operation of the printing unit 1.
15 A memory fail latch 31 is prov1ded to indicate if power to the control unit 21 or RAM memory 23 is lost while the printing unit l is de-energized. If the memory fail latch indicates that auxiliary power was interrupted, the control unit 21 will not access the RP*1 memory 23 to obtain position status 20 data when main power is returned, since the loss of auxiliary power to the memory will cause the data in the memory to be destroyed. Accordingly, in the event that auxiliary power is lost whi.le main power is interrupted, the control unit 21 will return the printing head 3 to a particular starting 25 position when power is returned , for example the printing head may be returned to the far left margin of the printer.
The operation of the apparatus of Figure la in response to a power down condition will be better understood with refer~
ence to a particular example wherein the characters A, B, 30 C, D and E are entered on the keyboard 27 and the characters and associated spacings b', c', d' and e' are stored in the RAM memory 23. More particularly, the following character sequence is stored in the RAM memory:
A b' B c' ~ d' D e' E
~Z'~:~L3~
As the above characters are typed on the keyboard 27, the control unit 21 operates to store the characters in the RAM
memory 23 and to sequentially apply the characters to the print~.ng unit 1 through the printer interface 25. The con-trol 5 unit ~1 operates the cycle clutch 19 and escape solenoid 13 to cause the printing head 3 to print the stored charac-ters.
Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart of a program that may be used by the control unit 21 to control the operation of the 10 printing unit 1. The program steps of Figure 2 will be ex-plained with respect to registers or memory locations of the RP~ memory 23 designated CURNT, CHAR, D and NEXT. Of course, the designations correspond to particular addres-ses in the RAM memory 23.
15 The operation of the embodiment of Figure la will also bedescribed with respect to the timing diagram of Figure 3 wherein a control signal for the clutch solenoid 19 of the print shaft 15 is shown. It should be understood that the high portion of the signal of Figure 3 corresponds to an 20 energizatlon condition of the clutch solenoid 19 and a cor-respondincJ disengagement of a clutch latch from a sleeve of the print shaft 15. The low portion of the signal of Figure 3 corresponds to a de-energization condition of the clutch solenoid 19 and a corresponding extension of the clutch latch 25 of the clutch solenoid to engage a corresponding sleeve of the print shaft 15 at the O reference position of the prin-t shaft.
It should be understood that in the flow charted program of Figure 2, it is assumed that the entered characters A, 30 B, C, D and E are stored at memory positions in the RAM
corresponding to M(l), M(23, M(3), M(4) and M(5~. The space b' between the characters A and B is stored at a memory location designated e(l) and, likewise, the succes-LE~-78-017 sive character spacings c', d' and e' are respectively stored at memory locations designated e(2), e(3) and e(4).
In e-~ecuting the program of Figure 2, the initial conditions for the program are set by defining the contents of the 5 destination register D and the register NEXT as e(l) or, in the case of the present example, as b'. In addition, the register CURNT is cleared to 0, a counter n is set equal to 1, a line parameter k is set to the maximum pos-sible line escapement destination for the printing unit 1 10 and a value o~ zero is written to a printer interface buf~er 34.
It should be understood that the printing head 3 moves to print characters at position~ on a line between a far left margin and a far right margin of the printing unit 1.
15 Accordingly, for purposes of discussion, the printing posi-tion at the far left margin of the printing unit 1 is given the numerical designation 0 and each successive character position is assigned a number increased by one over the number of the pre~ious character position. The numerical 20 desiynation of the character position at the far right mar-gin of the printing unit 1 is, of course, the maximum line escapement destination.
In general, the D re~ister stores a numerical amount corresponding to a particular line destination for the 25 printing head 3 and the NEXT and CURNT registers may store numerical amounts corresponding to particular incre-mental distances to be moved by the printing head between successive character positions.
~s shown in Figure 2, the contents of the memory location 30 M(l) is initially read and, since the stored coded repre-sentation at the location M(l) corresponds to the first selected character, the character "A" is stored in the C~IAR
re~ister. Thereafter, the status latch 29 is cleared so _ _.--. .--~ ,, _ A ~. __,_ _ ___ _: ,,, , , , , _ ,,_, , _ __________. _. _~ ._ . .
,41 ~?f)P~9 ~;21 that the latch contains a 0 and the contents of the register NEXT is stored in the CURNT register. Thereafter, the NE,~T register is set to zero and the contents of the CHAR register is written to the printer interface 25, where it is stored in a buffer 33. A start-print command is then sent from the control unit 21 to the printer interface 25 and the printer unit 1. As shown in Figure 3, the start print command from the control unit 21 energizes the cycle clutch solenoid 13, thereby allowing the print shaft 15 to begin rotating to print the character A that is stored in the CI~AR register and buffer 33. The point in time at which the above start print command is generated is desig-nated 35 in Figure 3.
After the start print command is generated, the program of Eigure 2 may compare the destination value b' in the destinati,on register D with the maximum line destination k and, if b' is equal to or less than k, the escape-ment value c' at e(~) is stored in NEXT and is also added to the contents of the destination register D. While the control unit 21 is executing the above-mentioned program steps, the print shaft 15 is continuing to rotate from the 0 position at the start point 35 to an 85 position at a subsequent point in time designated 37. Thus~ it should be understood that the escapement value c' is placed in -the register N~XT and is added to the destination register D at some point in time between the start point 35 and the 85 point 37.
As explained previously, at the 85~ angular position of the print shaft 15 r the momentum of the print mechanism is sufficient to complete the printing of the character A, : even if there is an interruption in the main power supply.
As shown in Figure la, the print shaft 15 carries a .~eed-back switch 39 that opens and closes its switch contacts I!E9-78-ol7 3~
in accordance with the angular position of the print shaft 15. As shown in Figure 4, the feedback switch 39 generates a print feedback signal PFB that rises when the print shaft 15 is at its 85 position and that falls when the print shaft 15 completes a print cycle at its 360 angular position. The PFB signal is applied to the set input of the status latch 29 so that the rising edge of PFB sets the status latch to a high or 1 state. Thus, at the time designated 37 in Figure 3, the print shaft 15 is at its 85 angular position and the PFB signal is applied to set the status latch 29.
Accordingly, after writing e(2) or c' in the register NE~T
and incrementing the destination register D by c', the program of Figure 2 continuously reads the state of the status latch 29 until the latch is set to a high or 1 state at the time 37. ~hen the status latch is set, the numerical escapement increment b' in the CU~T register is written into the buffer 34 of the printer interface 25. Thereafter, the CURNT register is cleared to 0, the counter n is incremented by 1 and the program moves back to read the next memory location M(2), which contains the character "B".
~rior to rcading the character s, the control program o~
Figure 2 executes an end print to turn off the start print 25 signal, since the character A must necessarily be printed ~ -once the print shaft 15 has reached the 85 print point 37.
Accordingly, the clutch solenoid 19 is de-energized-and the clutch latch is extended. However, the print shaft 15 con-tinues to rotatc since the extended latch of the c~utch 30 solenoid 19 will not engage the sleeve of the print shaft until the print shaft reaches the 360 position at the end of the print cycle.
L1~9-78-017 ~2~3~
Af-ter the B character is read, the character is stored in the CEIAR register, the status latch 29 is cleared, the value of cI in the register NEXT is written into the CURNT
re~ister and the register NEXT is cleared to zero. The B
cllaracter is then written to the buffer 33 of the print interface and the start print signal is again generated by the control unti 21 to energize the clutch solenoid 19 at a start point 41. It should ~e appreciated that the print shaft 15 will continue to rotate since the clutch solenoid 19 is energized to release the clutch latch prior to the 360 end of cycle for the previously printed character.
The program of Figure 2 will be executed in the above-described manner to write the contents of e(3) or d' into the register NEXT and ts~ increment the destination register D by d' at some point in time between the second start point 41 and the 85 print point 45 for the B character.
As has been indicated previously, at the 85 print point 37, the momentum of the print shaft 15 and associated print 20 -apparatus is sufficiQnt to print the selected character A.
Following the print point 37, the printer head 3 moves to contact a paper that is supported on the platen 17 and the printing head 3 impacts the paper at a designated print impact ps~int 43, at which point the character A is printed on the paper.
The PFB signal is also applied to an escapement solenoid 13 that controls the movement of the leadscrew 7. Accor-d ngly, as shown in FisJure 4, the PFB signal may be applied ts) energize the escapement solenoid 13 and to thereb~
allow the leadscrew 7 to begin moving after the print impact point ~3. As the leadscrew 7 rotates, an attached t.imer disk 47 also rotates.
L.E9-7~-017 ~2~3~
As shown in Figure lb, the timer disk 47 has slots 48 arran~ed about its periphery. A light source, for example a light emitting diode (LED) 49, is disposed on one side of th~ timer disk 47 and a photodetector, for example a phototransistor Sl, is disposed on the other side of the timer disk, opposite the LED 49. As the disk rotates, the slots 48 pass between the LED 49 and phototransistor 51 and intermittently establish an optical path between the LED and phototransistor. Thus, the phototransistor 51 generates emitter pulses that correspond to the rotation of the leadscrew 7. The emitter pulses are applied to the input of a counter 53 of the printer interface 25, the counter 53 having been previously cleared by the leading edge of the PFB signal. As indicated above, the buffer 34 of th~ printer interface 25 contains an incremental es-capement value b' that was written to the buffer 33 at the time period 37.
As the leadscrew 7 rotates, the emitter pulses are applied to increment the contents of the counter 53 so that the output of the counter 53 corresponds to the incremental escapement movement of the printing head 3 in response to ; the r~tation of the leadscrew 7. The contents of the :- buffe~ 34 and the count state of the counter 53 are compared by the comparator 55 and, when the contents b' of the buffer 34 matches the incremented contents of the counter 53, the comparator 55 generates a signal that de-energizes the escapement solenoid 13 and thereby causes the solenoid to engage th~ ratchet ~ and to stop the rotation of the leadscrew. Thus, the leadscrew 7 begins to rotate at the print impact point 43 and continues to rotate to displace the printing head 3 a distance corres-ponding to the escapement value b' that is stored in the buffer 34. Of course, the escapement movement of the printing head 3 will be completed by the time period 45 .
L3~:~
at which the print shaft 15 is at i.ts 85 angular posi-tion.
As shown in Figure 3, the character B will be printed on the paper at a print point 57 and the, p~ogram of Figure 2 will execute a start print for the character "C" at a start point 56~ of course, the escapement solenoid 13 and the leadscrew 7 will be operated to move the print head 3 an escapement distance c' during the time period between the print point 57 and a subsequent point 61 at which the print shaft 15 reaches an 85 angular position in its print cycle for the character C.
It should be understood that the printing head 3 was not moved between the times 35 and 37 of the P print cycle, since a zero escapement value was written to the b~ffer 34 in setting up the initial conditions for the program of Figure 2.
As has been indicated above, the identity of the charac-ter to be printed is stored in the CHAR register of the RAM memory 23. The contents of the CEiAR xegister is writ-ten to a character store buffer 33 of the printer interface25 at the time that the character is stored in the CHAR
register, for example at the time 3S for the character A
and at the time 41 for the character B. The coded word in the buffer store 33 may then be applied to character select 2~ loyic that operates in a manner known to the art to select the particular correspondincJ character on the printing head 3, so that the selected character will impact the paper on the platen 17 at an impact point, for example 45 or 47.
P,eferring to Fiyure 2, it can be seen that after the start print command, the escapement value in the destina-~Z~3~
tion register D is compared to the maximum line destina-tion param~ter k. If the contents of D is greater than the parameter k, the destination register D is cleared, the usual escapement displacement value is inserted in the register NEXT and is added to the cleared D register and the status latch 29 is continuously checked until -the latch is set. However, after the status latch is set, the carriage is returned, the counter n is incremented, the end print signal is generated and the program is returned to its start point to begin printing characters from the beginning of a line in the manner described above.
For the sake of simplicity, the flow chart of Figure 2 has been eY~plained with respect to an incrementing counter n that is incremented for as long as the apparatus of the invention continues to receive characters from the keyboard 27 and to print the characters on the printing unit 1. How-ever, it should be appreciated that the RAM memory 23 has a finite capacity and, of course, once a character has beea printed, the corresponding character code may be erased from the memory. Thus, a more complex memory access scherne may be employed to access current data from the RAM
memory 23. However, the simple counter of the flow chart of Figure 2 has been employed to illustrate an easily under-stood method for sequentially selecting data from the RAM
memory. It should be appreciated that other known access schernes may be employed to access the RAM memory 23, with-out departing from the spirit of the invention.
As has been pointed out previously, the status latch 29 is set by the leading edge of the PF~ signal of the print shaft 15 and is cleared by the control unit 21 when the control unit 21 begins a print cycle for a particular character. The output of the control latch 29 is illustra-ted in Figure 4 to show the relationship between the opera-3~
tional condition of the latch and the other control signals of the ayparatus of the invention.
Figure 5 illustrates a flow chart of a power interrupt prograrn that is accessed by the control unit 21 when main power is lostO As indicated above, the rnain power supply 11 generates a power down signal to the control unit 21 when main power is lost and, as shown in Figure 2, the control unit 21 checks for the power down signal at several points in the flow chart of Figure 2. In accor-dance with the invention, the power down signal of the mainpower supply 11 is only checked by the control unit 21 at times after the control unit 21 has written data to the registers of the RAM memory 23 or the status register 29.
Accordingly, the condition of the power down signal is checked immediately after the start print signal is genera-; ted and the corresponding RAM memory registers and status latch have been written. Likewise, the condition of the power down sigr,al is ahecked while the control unit 21 is continually monitoring the condition of the status latch 29 after the start print signal has been generated. The con-dition of the power down signal is checked a final time just prior to the reading of a new character from the memory 23.
If~a power down signal is detected at the indicated points of the flow chart of Figure 2, program control is trans-ferred to the interrupt routine of Fiyure 5, wherein the contr,~l unit 21 continuously monitors the condition of the power down signal. When main power is returned to the printincJ unit 1, the condition of the memory fAil latch 13 is first check~d to determine if the latch is setO As explained previously, the memory fail latch will be set if the ~AM memory 23 loses power at any time during the interruption of printer power. If the memory fail bit is ~2'~31 3~
set, the control unit 21 will act to reset all memory units and to move the print head 3 to the left margin.
Thereafter, control will be returned to the print control prog,eam of Figure 2 so that new characters may be entered frorn the keyboard Z7.
If power is returned and the memory fail latch 31 indicates that po~er was maintained to the RAM memory during the power down condition, the escapement solenoid 13 will be operated to allow the leadscrew 7 to rotate and to slowly move the carrier 5 and supported printing head 3 towards the left margin of the printing unit 1. As the carrier 5 moves toward the left margin, the timer disk 47 and associated optical apparatus will generate a continuous stream of emit-ter pulses. When the carrier 5 and supported printing head 3 reach the left margin, the lead screw 7 will stop rota~
ting and, thexefore, emitter pulses will no longer be generated. The absence of emitter pulses indicates that the carrier 5 h~s reached the left margin.
The state of the continuous stream of emitter pulses may be monitored by applying the pulses to clear a counter that is being simultaneously incremented by input clock pulses.
Since the emitter pulses are continuously applied to clear the counter, the contents of the counter will not be incre-mented to a particular overflow count state until the emit-ter pulses cease. Thus, when the emitter pulses are nolonger genexated, the counter is quickly incremented to an overflow count state that may be applied to indicate that the emitter pulses have stopped and that, therefore, the carrier 5 has reached the left margin~ It should be undcr-stood that other means may be employed to register a returnto the left margin without departing from the spirit of the lnvention.
After the printing head 3 is returned to the left margin, the leftward escapement of tlle carrier 5 is stopped and a I,E9-78-017 3~
retu~n escapement destination R~T is computed by subtractincJ
the contents of the CURNT register and the N~XT register from the contents of the destination register D.
It should be understood that if the power down interrupt occurs at the designated point 65 of Figure 3, the contents of the destination register D and the CURNT register will be bi and the contents of the register NEXT will be 0.
Thus, the return escapement destination RET will be equal to 0O Therefore, when power is returned, the carrier 5 will be returned to the left margin and the contents of the CHAR register "A" will be printed at the 0 position.
It should be understood that ~he A was not previously printed since the power interrupt occurred prior to the 85 print point 37 of Figure 3.
If the power down interrupt occurs at the point designated 67 oi Pigure 3, the destination register D will have been incremented to b + c', the register NEXT will contain c' and the CURNT register will have been set to 0. Thus~ the return destination RET will be equal to h'. Accordingly, when power is returned, the carrier 5 will be moved to the left margin and, thereafter, the carrier will be mov~cl forwdrd an escapement distance b' to the B character posi-tion. The print head 3 is returned to the B character position in this case because the power interrup~ occurred after the shaft 15 r~ached the 85 print point and, there-fore, even though a power interrupt occurred at point 67, the character ~ was printed.
If the power interrupt occurs at the time designated 69 in Figure 3, the destination register D may contain an escapcment value of b' + c', the register NEXT may contain 0 and the CURNT register will contain c'. Accordingly, the return destination will be computed as: RET = (b' c') - cl - 0 = b'. Thus, after power is returned, the carrier 5 is returned to the left margin and the carrier is then moved forward to the B position over a distance b'.
Likewise, if at the point 69 the destination register D
contains b' + c' ~ d', NEXT contains d' and CURNT contains 0, then the return destination will be computed as follows:
RET 3 (b' ~ c' ~ d'~ - c' d' = b'. Thus, even though the respective values of the D and NEXT registers have changed, the computation of RET will be the same and, there-fore, the carrier 5 will be moved to the B position afterpower is returned.
In general, it should be understood that if a power down interrupt occurs between an initial designated position 30 and the position designated 37, the carrier 5 will be re~
turned to the A position to print the A character when power is returned. If a power interrupt occurs between the designated times 37 and 45, the carrier 5 will be returned to the s positioll to print the character B. Likewise, if a power interrupt occurs between the designated points 45 and 61, the carrier 5 will be returned to the C position and, thereafter, the character C will be printed.
After power has returned and the carrier 5 is returned to the computed return destination, the status latch 29 is checked to determine if the latch is in the set or 1 state.
2S If the status register is set at 1, the program control is passed fxom the restart procedure of FicJure 5 to the calling point of the program oE Figure 2. However, if the status register is not set and if CHAR does not contain a shift code, the code in C~I~R mu~t be written to the printer interface buffer 33 before program control is returned to the calling program, since the power down condition destroyed the contents of the buffer 3~
If CIIA~ contains a shift character, the control unit 21 ~ZZ~3~
determines if the printer is operated in the deslred case.
If the printer is in the desired case, a THUMP is issued to the printer interface and program control is returned to the program of Figure 2. However, if the printer inter-face is not in the desired case, a shift is sent to theprinter interface and program control is returned to the program of Figure 2. The apparatus for providing a shift of the prin-ter is not shown in Figure la since such appara-tus is well-known to the art.
As explained above, the embodiment of Figure la utilizes the contents of the destination register D and the CU~T
and NEXT registers to determine whether a power interrupt occurs before or after the 85 print point in a print cycle and thereby determines whether or not to reprint the charac-ter of the interrupted cycle. However, in accordance withthe invention, a less complex power interrupt return pro-gram may be provided wherein the carrier 5 is always returned to the position of the character that was to be printed during the interrupted printing cycle. For such a system, the conten~s of the various registers would be adjusted to provide a return to a particular character posi-tion if a power interrupt occurs at any time between the starting and ending of the printing cycle of the c~aracter.
Thus, for such a modified system, the character A would be reprinted if a power interrupt occurs at any time between the designated times 35 and 43 of Figure 3.
The invention may be embodied in other speciic forms with-out departing from its spirit or other essential charac-teristics. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restric-tive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the claims rather than by the foregoing description and all changes which come within the meaning and range of the equi-valents of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
the power supply 11 during a printing operation.
~en the main power of the power supply 11 is turned off dur-i.ng a printing operation, either due to a power malfunction or due to the closing of a "keep alive" switch 18, operation-5 al power is supplied to the control unit 21 memory 23 anda status latch 29 by an auxiliary power supply 22 for e~-ample batteries. Also, the main power supply 11 applies a "power down" signal to the control unit 21 to notify the control unit that a power loss has occurred. Thereafter 10 the control unit 21 stores data in the RA~ memory 23 and the status latch 29 to define a proper operational state for the printing unit when power is returned.
Tt should be appreciated that if main power is lost during a printing cyclel a character may or may not have been 15 printed with sufficient force to produce a discernible im-print on the paper. Also, if the printing head 3 was being moved to a particular character position when the power loss occurred, the print head may be stopped in an intermediate positi.on. ~ccordingly, when main power is returned it is 20 necessary to return the print head 3 to the character position following the last discernible character that was printed immed;ately prior to the power interruption.
~Yhen ~he ~nain power from the main power supply 11 is returned due to a correction of the power defect or to the opening of 25 the keep alive switch 18, the main power supply 11 ceases ~o send a power down signal to the control unit 21, thereby noti-fying the control unit 21 that mai.n power has returned. There~
after the contro]. unit 21 access~s the RAM memory 23 and sta-tus latch 29 and defines an appropriate return printiny posi-30 tion for the printing head 3 of the printing unit 1. Theprinting head is then moved to the computed return position and printing is resumed.
~2~
Thus, ~hen power is returned, the control unit 21 evaluates the activity of the printing head 3 immediately prior to the loss of main power, and, if the head was in the act of prin-tiny a particular character, it is determined whether the 5 character was printed after power was removed. If the charac-ter was printed, the printing head 3 is positioned at a next successive printing position to begin printing the charac-ter following the previously pri.nted character. However, if the interruption of main power was sufficiently early in a 10 printing cycle to prevent the proper printing of a parti-cular character, the control unit 21 returns the printing head 3 to the position of the character and prints the character when power returns, and then prints additional characters in accordance with the normal operation of the printing unit 1.
15 A memory fail latch 31 is prov1ded to indicate if power to the control unit 21 or RAM memory 23 is lost while the printing unit l is de-energized. If the memory fail latch indicates that auxiliary power was interrupted, the control unit 21 will not access the RP*1 memory 23 to obtain position status 20 data when main power is returned, since the loss of auxiliary power to the memory will cause the data in the memory to be destroyed. Accordingly, in the event that auxiliary power is lost whi.le main power is interrupted, the control unit 21 will return the printing head 3 to a particular starting 25 position when power is returned , for example the printing head may be returned to the far left margin of the printer.
The operation of the apparatus of Figure la in response to a power down condition will be better understood with refer~
ence to a particular example wherein the characters A, B, 30 C, D and E are entered on the keyboard 27 and the characters and associated spacings b', c', d' and e' are stored in the RAM memory 23. More particularly, the following character sequence is stored in the RAM memory:
A b' B c' ~ d' D e' E
~Z'~:~L3~
As the above characters are typed on the keyboard 27, the control unit 21 operates to store the characters in the RAM
memory 23 and to sequentially apply the characters to the print~.ng unit 1 through the printer interface 25. The con-trol 5 unit ~1 operates the cycle clutch 19 and escape solenoid 13 to cause the printing head 3 to print the stored charac-ters.
Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart of a program that may be used by the control unit 21 to control the operation of the 10 printing unit 1. The program steps of Figure 2 will be ex-plained with respect to registers or memory locations of the RP~ memory 23 designated CURNT, CHAR, D and NEXT. Of course, the designations correspond to particular addres-ses in the RAM memory 23.
15 The operation of the embodiment of Figure la will also bedescribed with respect to the timing diagram of Figure 3 wherein a control signal for the clutch solenoid 19 of the print shaft 15 is shown. It should be understood that the high portion of the signal of Figure 3 corresponds to an 20 energizatlon condition of the clutch solenoid 19 and a cor-respondincJ disengagement of a clutch latch from a sleeve of the print shaft 15. The low portion of the signal of Figure 3 corresponds to a de-energization condition of the clutch solenoid 19 and a corresponding extension of the clutch latch 25 of the clutch solenoid to engage a corresponding sleeve of the print shaft 15 at the O reference position of the prin-t shaft.
It should be understood that in the flow charted program of Figure 2, it is assumed that the entered characters A, 30 B, C, D and E are stored at memory positions in the RAM
corresponding to M(l), M(23, M(3), M(4) and M(5~. The space b' between the characters A and B is stored at a memory location designated e(l) and, likewise, the succes-LE~-78-017 sive character spacings c', d' and e' are respectively stored at memory locations designated e(2), e(3) and e(4).
In e-~ecuting the program of Figure 2, the initial conditions for the program are set by defining the contents of the 5 destination register D and the register NEXT as e(l) or, in the case of the present example, as b'. In addition, the register CURNT is cleared to 0, a counter n is set equal to 1, a line parameter k is set to the maximum pos-sible line escapement destination for the printing unit 1 10 and a value o~ zero is written to a printer interface buf~er 34.
It should be understood that the printing head 3 moves to print characters at position~ on a line between a far left margin and a far right margin of the printing unit 1.
15 Accordingly, for purposes of discussion, the printing posi-tion at the far left margin of the printing unit 1 is given the numerical designation 0 and each successive character position is assigned a number increased by one over the number of the pre~ious character position. The numerical 20 desiynation of the character position at the far right mar-gin of the printing unit 1 is, of course, the maximum line escapement destination.
In general, the D re~ister stores a numerical amount corresponding to a particular line destination for the 25 printing head 3 and the NEXT and CURNT registers may store numerical amounts corresponding to particular incre-mental distances to be moved by the printing head between successive character positions.
~s shown in Figure 2, the contents of the memory location 30 M(l) is initially read and, since the stored coded repre-sentation at the location M(l) corresponds to the first selected character, the character "A" is stored in the C~IAR
re~ister. Thereafter, the status latch 29 is cleared so _ _.--. .--~ ,, _ A ~. __,_ _ ___ _: ,,, , , , , _ ,,_, , _ __________. _. _~ ._ . .
,41 ~?f)P~9 ~;21 that the latch contains a 0 and the contents of the register NEXT is stored in the CURNT register. Thereafter, the NE,~T register is set to zero and the contents of the CHAR register is written to the printer interface 25, where it is stored in a buffer 33. A start-print command is then sent from the control unit 21 to the printer interface 25 and the printer unit 1. As shown in Figure 3, the start print command from the control unit 21 energizes the cycle clutch solenoid 13, thereby allowing the print shaft 15 to begin rotating to print the character A that is stored in the CI~AR register and buffer 33. The point in time at which the above start print command is generated is desig-nated 35 in Figure 3.
After the start print command is generated, the program of Eigure 2 may compare the destination value b' in the destinati,on register D with the maximum line destination k and, if b' is equal to or less than k, the escape-ment value c' at e(~) is stored in NEXT and is also added to the contents of the destination register D. While the control unit 21 is executing the above-mentioned program steps, the print shaft 15 is continuing to rotate from the 0 position at the start point 35 to an 85 position at a subsequent point in time designated 37. Thus~ it should be understood that the escapement value c' is placed in -the register N~XT and is added to the destination register D at some point in time between the start point 35 and the 85 point 37.
As explained previously, at the 85~ angular position of the print shaft 15 r the momentum of the print mechanism is sufficient to complete the printing of the character A, : even if there is an interruption in the main power supply.
As shown in Figure la, the print shaft 15 carries a .~eed-back switch 39 that opens and closes its switch contacts I!E9-78-ol7 3~
in accordance with the angular position of the print shaft 15. As shown in Figure 4, the feedback switch 39 generates a print feedback signal PFB that rises when the print shaft 15 is at its 85 position and that falls when the print shaft 15 completes a print cycle at its 360 angular position. The PFB signal is applied to the set input of the status latch 29 so that the rising edge of PFB sets the status latch to a high or 1 state. Thus, at the time designated 37 in Figure 3, the print shaft 15 is at its 85 angular position and the PFB signal is applied to set the status latch 29.
Accordingly, after writing e(2) or c' in the register NE~T
and incrementing the destination register D by c', the program of Figure 2 continuously reads the state of the status latch 29 until the latch is set to a high or 1 state at the time 37. ~hen the status latch is set, the numerical escapement increment b' in the CU~T register is written into the buffer 34 of the printer interface 25. Thereafter, the CURNT register is cleared to 0, the counter n is incremented by 1 and the program moves back to read the next memory location M(2), which contains the character "B".
~rior to rcading the character s, the control program o~
Figure 2 executes an end print to turn off the start print 25 signal, since the character A must necessarily be printed ~ -once the print shaft 15 has reached the 85 print point 37.
Accordingly, the clutch solenoid 19 is de-energized-and the clutch latch is extended. However, the print shaft 15 con-tinues to rotatc since the extended latch of the c~utch 30 solenoid 19 will not engage the sleeve of the print shaft until the print shaft reaches the 360 position at the end of the print cycle.
L1~9-78-017 ~2~3~
Af-ter the B character is read, the character is stored in the CEIAR register, the status latch 29 is cleared, the value of cI in the register NEXT is written into the CURNT
re~ister and the register NEXT is cleared to zero. The B
cllaracter is then written to the buffer 33 of the print interface and the start print signal is again generated by the control unti 21 to energize the clutch solenoid 19 at a start point 41. It should ~e appreciated that the print shaft 15 will continue to rotate since the clutch solenoid 19 is energized to release the clutch latch prior to the 360 end of cycle for the previously printed character.
The program of Figure 2 will be executed in the above-described manner to write the contents of e(3) or d' into the register NEXT and ts~ increment the destination register D by d' at some point in time between the second start point 41 and the 85 print point 45 for the B character.
As has been indicated previously, at the 85 print point 37, the momentum of the print shaft 15 and associated print 20 -apparatus is sufficiQnt to print the selected character A.
Following the print point 37, the printer head 3 moves to contact a paper that is supported on the platen 17 and the printing head 3 impacts the paper at a designated print impact ps~int 43, at which point the character A is printed on the paper.
The PFB signal is also applied to an escapement solenoid 13 that controls the movement of the leadscrew 7. Accor-d ngly, as shown in FisJure 4, the PFB signal may be applied ts) energize the escapement solenoid 13 and to thereb~
allow the leadscrew 7 to begin moving after the print impact point ~3. As the leadscrew 7 rotates, an attached t.imer disk 47 also rotates.
L.E9-7~-017 ~2~3~
As shown in Figure lb, the timer disk 47 has slots 48 arran~ed about its periphery. A light source, for example a light emitting diode (LED) 49, is disposed on one side of th~ timer disk 47 and a photodetector, for example a phototransistor Sl, is disposed on the other side of the timer disk, opposite the LED 49. As the disk rotates, the slots 48 pass between the LED 49 and phototransistor 51 and intermittently establish an optical path between the LED and phototransistor. Thus, the phototransistor 51 generates emitter pulses that correspond to the rotation of the leadscrew 7. The emitter pulses are applied to the input of a counter 53 of the printer interface 25, the counter 53 having been previously cleared by the leading edge of the PFB signal. As indicated above, the buffer 34 of th~ printer interface 25 contains an incremental es-capement value b' that was written to the buffer 33 at the time period 37.
As the leadscrew 7 rotates, the emitter pulses are applied to increment the contents of the counter 53 so that the output of the counter 53 corresponds to the incremental escapement movement of the printing head 3 in response to ; the r~tation of the leadscrew 7. The contents of the :- buffe~ 34 and the count state of the counter 53 are compared by the comparator 55 and, when the contents b' of the buffer 34 matches the incremented contents of the counter 53, the comparator 55 generates a signal that de-energizes the escapement solenoid 13 and thereby causes the solenoid to engage th~ ratchet ~ and to stop the rotation of the leadscrew. Thus, the leadscrew 7 begins to rotate at the print impact point 43 and continues to rotate to displace the printing head 3 a distance corres-ponding to the escapement value b' that is stored in the buffer 34. Of course, the escapement movement of the printing head 3 will be completed by the time period 45 .
L3~:~
at which the print shaft 15 is at i.ts 85 angular posi-tion.
As shown in Figure 3, the character B will be printed on the paper at a print point 57 and the, p~ogram of Figure 2 will execute a start print for the character "C" at a start point 56~ of course, the escapement solenoid 13 and the leadscrew 7 will be operated to move the print head 3 an escapement distance c' during the time period between the print point 57 and a subsequent point 61 at which the print shaft 15 reaches an 85 angular position in its print cycle for the character C.
It should be understood that the printing head 3 was not moved between the times 35 and 37 of the P print cycle, since a zero escapement value was written to the b~ffer 34 in setting up the initial conditions for the program of Figure 2.
As has been indicated above, the identity of the charac-ter to be printed is stored in the CHAR register of the RAM memory 23. The contents of the CEiAR xegister is writ-ten to a character store buffer 33 of the printer interface25 at the time that the character is stored in the CHAR
register, for example at the time 3S for the character A
and at the time 41 for the character B. The coded word in the buffer store 33 may then be applied to character select 2~ loyic that operates in a manner known to the art to select the particular correspondincJ character on the printing head 3, so that the selected character will impact the paper on the platen 17 at an impact point, for example 45 or 47.
P,eferring to Fiyure 2, it can be seen that after the start print command, the escapement value in the destina-~Z~3~
tion register D is compared to the maximum line destina-tion param~ter k. If the contents of D is greater than the parameter k, the destination register D is cleared, the usual escapement displacement value is inserted in the register NEXT and is added to the cleared D register and the status latch 29 is continuously checked until -the latch is set. However, after the status latch is set, the carriage is returned, the counter n is incremented, the end print signal is generated and the program is returned to its start point to begin printing characters from the beginning of a line in the manner described above.
For the sake of simplicity, the flow chart of Figure 2 has been eY~plained with respect to an incrementing counter n that is incremented for as long as the apparatus of the invention continues to receive characters from the keyboard 27 and to print the characters on the printing unit 1. How-ever, it should be appreciated that the RAM memory 23 has a finite capacity and, of course, once a character has beea printed, the corresponding character code may be erased from the memory. Thus, a more complex memory access scherne may be employed to access current data from the RAM
memory 23. However, the simple counter of the flow chart of Figure 2 has been employed to illustrate an easily under-stood method for sequentially selecting data from the RAM
memory. It should be appreciated that other known access schernes may be employed to access the RAM memory 23, with-out departing from the spirit of the invention.
As has been pointed out previously, the status latch 29 is set by the leading edge of the PF~ signal of the print shaft 15 and is cleared by the control unit 21 when the control unit 21 begins a print cycle for a particular character. The output of the control latch 29 is illustra-ted in Figure 4 to show the relationship between the opera-3~
tional condition of the latch and the other control signals of the ayparatus of the invention.
Figure 5 illustrates a flow chart of a power interrupt prograrn that is accessed by the control unit 21 when main power is lostO As indicated above, the rnain power supply 11 generates a power down signal to the control unit 21 when main power is lost and, as shown in Figure 2, the control unit 21 checks for the power down signal at several points in the flow chart of Figure 2. In accor-dance with the invention, the power down signal of the mainpower supply 11 is only checked by the control unit 21 at times after the control unit 21 has written data to the registers of the RAM memory 23 or the status register 29.
Accordingly, the condition of the power down signal is checked immediately after the start print signal is genera-; ted and the corresponding RAM memory registers and status latch have been written. Likewise, the condition of the power down sigr,al is ahecked while the control unit 21 is continually monitoring the condition of the status latch 29 after the start print signal has been generated. The con-dition of the power down signal is checked a final time just prior to the reading of a new character from the memory 23.
If~a power down signal is detected at the indicated points of the flow chart of Figure 2, program control is trans-ferred to the interrupt routine of Fiyure 5, wherein the contr,~l unit 21 continuously monitors the condition of the power down signal. When main power is returned to the printincJ unit 1, the condition of the memory fAil latch 13 is first check~d to determine if the latch is setO As explained previously, the memory fail latch will be set if the ~AM memory 23 loses power at any time during the interruption of printer power. If the memory fail bit is ~2'~31 3~
set, the control unit 21 will act to reset all memory units and to move the print head 3 to the left margin.
Thereafter, control will be returned to the print control prog,eam of Figure 2 so that new characters may be entered frorn the keyboard Z7.
If power is returned and the memory fail latch 31 indicates that po~er was maintained to the RAM memory during the power down condition, the escapement solenoid 13 will be operated to allow the leadscrew 7 to rotate and to slowly move the carrier 5 and supported printing head 3 towards the left margin of the printing unit 1. As the carrier 5 moves toward the left margin, the timer disk 47 and associated optical apparatus will generate a continuous stream of emit-ter pulses. When the carrier 5 and supported printing head 3 reach the left margin, the lead screw 7 will stop rota~
ting and, thexefore, emitter pulses will no longer be generated. The absence of emitter pulses indicates that the carrier 5 h~s reached the left margin.
The state of the continuous stream of emitter pulses may be monitored by applying the pulses to clear a counter that is being simultaneously incremented by input clock pulses.
Since the emitter pulses are continuously applied to clear the counter, the contents of the counter will not be incre-mented to a particular overflow count state until the emit-ter pulses cease. Thus, when the emitter pulses are nolonger genexated, the counter is quickly incremented to an overflow count state that may be applied to indicate that the emitter pulses have stopped and that, therefore, the carrier 5 has reached the left margin~ It should be undcr-stood that other means may be employed to register a returnto the left margin without departing from the spirit of the lnvention.
After the printing head 3 is returned to the left margin, the leftward escapement of tlle carrier 5 is stopped and a I,E9-78-017 3~
retu~n escapement destination R~T is computed by subtractincJ
the contents of the CURNT register and the N~XT register from the contents of the destination register D.
It should be understood that if the power down interrupt occurs at the designated point 65 of Figure 3, the contents of the destination register D and the CURNT register will be bi and the contents of the register NEXT will be 0.
Thus, the return escapement destination RET will be equal to 0O Therefore, when power is returned, the carrier 5 will be returned to the left margin and the contents of the CHAR register "A" will be printed at the 0 position.
It should be understood that ~he A was not previously printed since the power interrupt occurred prior to the 85 print point 37 of Figure 3.
If the power down interrupt occurs at the point designated 67 oi Pigure 3, the destination register D will have been incremented to b + c', the register NEXT will contain c' and the CURNT register will have been set to 0. Thus~ the return destination RET will be equal to h'. Accordingly, when power is returned, the carrier 5 will be moved to the left margin and, thereafter, the carrier will be mov~cl forwdrd an escapement distance b' to the B character posi-tion. The print head 3 is returned to the B character position in this case because the power interrup~ occurred after the shaft 15 r~ached the 85 print point and, there-fore, even though a power interrupt occurred at point 67, the character ~ was printed.
If the power interrupt occurs at the time designated 69 in Figure 3, the destination register D may contain an escapcment value of b' + c', the register NEXT may contain 0 and the CURNT register will contain c'. Accordingly, the return destination will be computed as: RET = (b' c') - cl - 0 = b'. Thus, after power is returned, the carrier 5 is returned to the left margin and the carrier is then moved forward to the B position over a distance b'.
Likewise, if at the point 69 the destination register D
contains b' + c' ~ d', NEXT contains d' and CURNT contains 0, then the return destination will be computed as follows:
RET 3 (b' ~ c' ~ d'~ - c' d' = b'. Thus, even though the respective values of the D and NEXT registers have changed, the computation of RET will be the same and, there-fore, the carrier 5 will be moved to the B position afterpower is returned.
In general, it should be understood that if a power down interrupt occurs between an initial designated position 30 and the position designated 37, the carrier 5 will be re~
turned to the A position to print the A character when power is returned. If a power interrupt occurs between the designated times 37 and 45, the carrier 5 will be returned to the s positioll to print the character B. Likewise, if a power interrupt occurs between the designated points 45 and 61, the carrier 5 will be returned to the C position and, thereafter, the character C will be printed.
After power has returned and the carrier 5 is returned to the computed return destination, the status latch 29 is checked to determine if the latch is in the set or 1 state.
2S If the status register is set at 1, the program control is passed fxom the restart procedure of FicJure 5 to the calling point of the program oE Figure 2. However, if the status register is not set and if CHAR does not contain a shift code, the code in C~I~R mu~t be written to the printer interface buffer 33 before program control is returned to the calling program, since the power down condition destroyed the contents of the buffer 3~
If CIIA~ contains a shift character, the control unit 21 ~ZZ~3~
determines if the printer is operated in the deslred case.
If the printer is in the desired case, a THUMP is issued to the printer interface and program control is returned to the program of Figure 2. However, if the printer inter-face is not in the desired case, a shift is sent to theprinter interface and program control is returned to the program of Figure 2. The apparatus for providing a shift of the prin-ter is not shown in Figure la since such appara-tus is well-known to the art.
As explained above, the embodiment of Figure la utilizes the contents of the destination register D and the CU~T
and NEXT registers to determine whether a power interrupt occurs before or after the 85 print point in a print cycle and thereby determines whether or not to reprint the charac-ter of the interrupted cycle. However, in accordance withthe invention, a less complex power interrupt return pro-gram may be provided wherein the carrier 5 is always returned to the position of the character that was to be printed during the interrupted printing cycle. For such a system, the conten~s of the various registers would be adjusted to provide a return to a particular character posi-tion if a power interrupt occurs at any time between the starting and ending of the printing cycle of the c~aracter.
Thus, for such a modified system, the character A would be reprinted if a power interrupt occurs at any time between the designated times 35 and 43 of Figure 3.
The invention may be embodied in other speciic forms with-out departing from its spirit or other essential charac-teristics. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restric-tive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the claims rather than by the foregoing description and all changes which come within the meaning and range of the equi-valents of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (8)
1. Power recovery apparatus for returning the printing element of a printer to a defined position on a print line when power is returned to the printer following a loss of power to the printer during a printing operation, comprising:
displacement means for moving said printing element along said print line;
memory means for storing character identity codes representa-tive of selected characters and address amounts representa-tive of positions of the characters on a print line;
means for defining a print cycle for each character, the cycle having a sequence of print operations for printing the character, said sequence of operations including an initiation operation for starting the print cycle, a comple-tion operation for printing the character and an intermedi-ate operation defining a point in time after which the character will be satisfactorily printed even if power to the printer is lost;
control means for operating said memory means to store particular character codes and address amounts representa-tive of said print operations, said control means respon-sive to a loss and a subsequent return of printer power for accessing at least the particular character codes and address amounts stored in said store means at the time of the power loss and operating said displacement means to return said printing element to the print line position of the character following the last character that was printed before said power loss occurred.
displacement means for moving said printing element along said print line;
memory means for storing character identity codes representa-tive of selected characters and address amounts representa-tive of positions of the characters on a print line;
means for defining a print cycle for each character, the cycle having a sequence of print operations for printing the character, said sequence of operations including an initiation operation for starting the print cycle, a comple-tion operation for printing the character and an intermedi-ate operation defining a point in time after which the character will be satisfactorily printed even if power to the printer is lost;
control means for operating said memory means to store particular character codes and address amounts representa-tive of said print operations, said control means respon-sive to a loss and a subsequent return of printer power for accessing at least the particular character codes and address amounts stored in said store means at the time of the power loss and operating said displacement means to return said printing element to the print line position of the character following the last character that was printed before said power loss occurred.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means for defining includes a status memory means for operating in a first state in response to said initiation operation and opera-ting in a second state in response to said intermediate operation, the operational state of the status memory means at the time of the loss of power defining the last character that was printed before the power loss occurred and determining the value of at least one of said particular address amounts.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means for de-fining includes a print shaft for rotating to define said sequence of print operations, a particular angular position of the print shaft defining a corresponding print operation.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said print shaft includes means for defining said intermediate operation at an annular position of 85° with respect to a 0° position for said initiation operation.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 including means for applying auxiliary power to at least said memory means when said printer power loss occurs and memory fail means for regis-tering a memory fail condition when auxiliary power is lost, the control means being responsive to a memory fail condi-tion to return the printing element to a margin position when printer power is returned following a loss of printer power and auxiliary power.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said memory means includes:
CURNT means for storing at the time of the initiation operation of a particular cycle a first address amount representative of the number of print line positions between the character associated with the particular cycle and the next successive character, NEXT means for storing at a time between the initiation operation and intermediate operation of said particular cycle a second address amount representative of the number of print line positions between said next successive charac-ter and the character following the next successive charac-ter, and D means for storing a third address amount that is incre-mented by said second address amount when said second ad-dress amount is stored in said NEXT means, the incremented third address amount corresponding to the number of print line positions between a margin reference position and said character following the next successive character.
CURNT means for storing at the time of the initiation operation of a particular cycle a first address amount representative of the number of print line positions between the character associated with the particular cycle and the next successive character, NEXT means for storing at a time between the initiation operation and intermediate operation of said particular cycle a second address amount representative of the number of print line positions between said next successive charac-ter and the character following the next successive charac-ter, and D means for storing a third address amount that is incre-mented by said second address amount when said second ad-dress amount is stored in said NEXT means, the incremented third address amount corresponding to the number of print line positions between a margin reference position and said character following the next successive character.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said control means in-cludes means for computing a return destination amount RET, defining the return position for the printing element when printer power is lost and then restored, the compu-tation being of the form:
RET = D - CURNT - NEXT.
RET = D - CURNT - NEXT.
8. In a typewriter of the kind wherein character representa-tive codes from a storage or keyboard apparatus are applied by printing apparatus to print the represented characters, the printing apparatus being energized by a source of elec-trical energy and having a print shaft that rotates to define a print cycle for each character, the cycle having a sequence of printing operations, the improvement of power interrupt recovery apparatus comprising:
status memory means for recording a flag signal indicative of the point in said print cycle at which the momentum of said printing apparatus will result in a satisfactory printing of a character;
position memory means for storing character identity data and character print position data corresponding to the operational state of said print shaft with respect to the character being printed and the projected print positions of at least two successive characters; and control means responsive to a power loss and subsequent power return condition for beginning printing in accordance with the state of said flag signal and the data stored in said memory means, at the character position following the last character that was satisfactorily printed before the power loss occurred, the control means selectively re-initiating the printing of a character inadequately printed immediately prior to the power loss.
status memory means for recording a flag signal indicative of the point in said print cycle at which the momentum of said printing apparatus will result in a satisfactory printing of a character;
position memory means for storing character identity data and character print position data corresponding to the operational state of said print shaft with respect to the character being printed and the projected print positions of at least two successive characters; and control means responsive to a power loss and subsequent power return condition for beginning printing in accordance with the state of said flag signal and the data stored in said memory means, at the character position following the last character that was satisfactorily printed before the power loss occurred, the control means selectively re-initiating the printing of a character inadequately printed immediately prior to the power loss.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/075,391 US4279523A (en) | 1979-09-14 | 1979-09-14 | Power recovery apparatus for an electric typewriter |
| US075,391 | 1979-09-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1122139A true CA1122139A (en) | 1982-04-20 |
Family
ID=22125409
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000356833A Expired CA1122139A (en) | 1979-09-14 | 1980-07-23 | Power recovery apparatus for an electric typewriter |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4279523A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0027861B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5950518B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1122139A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3066398D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4379428A (en) * | 1979-07-24 | 1983-04-12 | Burroughs Corporation | Hammer locating and operational means |
| JPS5625488A (en) * | 1979-08-09 | 1981-03-11 | Canon Inc | Printer |
| US5322376A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1994-06-21 | Canon Kabushiki Kaishi | Serial printing apparatus including an error correcting capability and having a memory |
| AU530568B2 (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1983-07-21 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Serial printing apparatus with memory and display |
| JPS57160672A (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1982-10-04 | Brother Ind Ltd | Printer |
| JPS57189871A (en) * | 1981-05-18 | 1982-11-22 | Sharp Corp | Printing apparatus |
| JPS5871185A (en) * | 1981-10-26 | 1983-04-27 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Controller for printer |
| JPS58147386A (en) * | 1982-02-26 | 1983-09-02 | Canon Inc | Electronic apparatus with printer |
| DE3214554C2 (en) * | 1982-04-20 | 1986-08-14 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Circuit arrangement for determining the position of writing units in printers with a direct current motor |
| US4533268A (en) * | 1982-10-27 | 1985-08-06 | Sanders Jr Roy C | Position indicator for high speed printers |
| JPS59152874A (en) * | 1983-02-22 | 1984-08-31 | Tokyo Electric Co Ltd | Dot printer |
| JPS59171678A (en) * | 1983-03-18 | 1984-09-28 | Brother Ind Ltd | Electronic typewriter |
| JPS59188458A (en) * | 1983-04-12 | 1984-10-25 | Brother Ind Ltd | Typewriter with text memory |
| JPS59188480A (en) * | 1983-04-12 | 1984-10-25 | Brother Ind Ltd | Electronic typewriter with automatic power-off mechanism |
| JPS60115478A (en) * | 1983-11-25 | 1985-06-21 | Brother Ind Ltd | Thermal printer |
| JPS60201992A (en) * | 1984-03-26 | 1985-10-12 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | Recording device |
| DE3412105A1 (en) * | 1984-03-31 | 1985-10-10 | Olympia Werke Ag, 2940 Wilhelmshaven | Method in a typewriter or similar machine for adjusting a recording medium to a printing line |
| JPS61248101A (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1986-11-05 | Canon Inc | Electronic equipment |
| US4628239A (en) * | 1985-06-06 | 1986-12-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Dual optical mechanical position tracker |
| JPS6264588A (en) * | 1985-09-17 | 1987-03-23 | Tokyo Electric Co Ltd | Printer |
| US4745415A (en) * | 1986-03-07 | 1988-05-17 | Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha | Thermal printer having thermal head for transferring ink of ink film onto transfer paper |
| JPH088794B2 (en) * | 1986-03-11 | 1996-01-29 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | Stopping motor stop control method |
| US4799811A (en) * | 1986-06-20 | 1989-01-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Automatic relocate on continuation of document playout |
| DE3625387C1 (en) * | 1986-07-26 | 1987-11-26 | Triumph Adler Ag | Process for operating typewriters, printers or comparable office machines |
| JPH0641853B2 (en) * | 1986-09-29 | 1994-06-01 | 株式会社安川電機 | Multi-turn absolute value encoder |
| US5318369A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1994-06-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Processing system with printer using exchangeable ink ribbon |
| JPH0733106B2 (en) * | 1988-10-27 | 1995-04-12 | シャープ株式会社 | Printer |
| US4941001A (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1990-07-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Non-impact dot print head with reset |
| JPH06312547A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1994-11-08 | Tokyo Electric Co Ltd | Label printer |
| US5791790A (en) * | 1996-03-13 | 1998-08-11 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing print job buffering for a printer on a fast data path |
| US6684778B2 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2004-02-03 | Ryobi, Ltd. | Printing press with a sheet-turning-over-mechanism |
| WO2019040198A1 (en) | 2017-08-22 | 2019-02-28 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Print job backup |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3233715A (en) * | 1964-04-20 | 1966-02-08 | Invac Corp | Transmitter receiver machine employing print sphere typewriter structure |
| US3554347A (en) * | 1968-04-29 | 1971-01-12 | Burroughs Corp | System for automatically setting a position counter to effect agreement with the position of a traveling printing element |
| JPS5517990B2 (en) * | 1974-08-12 | 1980-05-15 | ||
| IT1048208B (en) * | 1975-09-15 | 1980-11-20 | Olivetti & Co Spa | TABLE NUMERICAL CALCULATOR AND CALCULATOR |
| US4067430A (en) * | 1976-03-08 | 1978-01-10 | Cpt Corporation | Typewriter carriage movement mechanism |
| US4037216A (en) * | 1976-05-03 | 1977-07-19 | Xerox Corporation | Position retry apparatus for serial printer |
| JPS5587287A (en) * | 1978-12-25 | 1980-07-01 | Tokyo Electric Co Ltd | Dot printer |
-
1979
- 1979-09-14 US US06/075,391 patent/US4279523A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-06-20 JP JP55082984A patent/JPS5950518B2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-23 CA CA000356833A patent/CA1122139A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-08-12 DE DE8080104755T patent/DE3066398D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-08-12 EP EP80104755A patent/EP0027861B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5644682A (en) | 1981-04-23 |
| JPS5950518B2 (en) | 1984-12-08 |
| EP0027861B1 (en) | 1984-02-01 |
| DE3066398D1 (en) | 1984-03-08 |
| EP0027861A2 (en) | 1981-05-06 |
| EP0027861A3 (en) | 1981-09-30 |
| US4279523A (en) | 1981-07-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |