CA1130857A - Switching regulator with high efficiency starting resistor circuit - Google Patents
Switching regulator with high efficiency starting resistor circuitInfo
- Publication number
- CA1130857A CA1130857A CA317,986A CA317986A CA1130857A CA 1130857 A CA1130857 A CA 1130857A CA 317986 A CA317986 A CA 317986A CA 1130857 A CA1130857 A CA 1130857A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- switching
- resistor
- circuit
- pulse width
- starting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S323/00—Electricity: power supply or regulation systems
- Y10S323/908—Inrush current limiters
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A switching regulator includes an inrush current protec-tive resisitor and a starter circuit for a pulse width modulator consisting of a starting resistor and a capacitor. At initial starting mode, the inrush current protective resistor is connected to the starter circuit, and after starting resistor are discon-current protective resistor and starting resistor are discon-nected so as to reduce power dissipation or consumption thereby.
At the same time, a DC voltage source for the pulse width modula-tor is derived from a rectified secondary voltage through the starting capacitor.
A switching regulator includes an inrush current protec-tive resisitor and a starter circuit for a pulse width modulator consisting of a starting resistor and a capacitor. At initial starting mode, the inrush current protective resistor is connected to the starter circuit, and after starting resistor are discon-current protective resistor and starting resistor are discon-nected so as to reduce power dissipation or consumption thereby.
At the same time, a DC voltage source for the pulse width modula-tor is derived from a rectified secondary voltage through the starting capacitor.
Description
113~8~7 BACKGROVND OF TH~ IN~ENTION
Field of the Invention:
....
The present invention relates generally to a switching regulator, and is directed more particularly to a switching regulator in which the power consumption by a starting register for a pulse width modulator under the stationary state is reduced and hence the efficiency of the switching regulator is improved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
_ . . ...
Figure 1 is a connection diagram showing, partially in block, an example of a prior switching regulator;
Figure 2 is a connection diagram showing, partially in block, an example of the switching regulator according to the present invention; and Figure 3 is a connection diagram showing, partially in block form, another example of the invention.
Description of the Prior Art:
Generally speaking, in theprior art switching regulator when a power supply switch is tuned ON, there may occur an excess-ive surge current flowing thereinto and hence the diodes thereof for rectification are damaged. To avoid this, as shown in Figure 1, there has been proposed such a switching regulator in which, for example, a resistor is provided at the output side of a rectifying circuit for avoiding a surge current, the resistor is opened or closed by a change-over switch, and a pulse width modulator is supplied with a power through a starting resistor upon starting, while supplied with a DC voltage, which is derived therefrom, through a tertiary winding of a transformer and then smoothed, ~ .
at the stationary state r That is, in Figure 1, a power supply plug 1, which is supplied with a commercial power voltage, is connected through a power supply switch 2 and a power supply fuse 3 to a rectifier circuit 4 whose output side is connected through a surge current preventing resistor 5 and a primary winding 6a of switching transformer 6 having a magnetic core to the collector of a switching t~ansistor 7 whose emitter is grounded and whose base is connected to a pulse width modulator 8 to be supplied with a PWM (pulse width modulated) signal therefrom. A ~itch 9 is connected in parallel to the resistor 5. This switch 9 is opened to insert the resistor into the path upon the power supply switch 2 being closed, and which is closed to disconnect the resistor 5 from the path upon the stationary state being reach. The output terminal of the resistor 5 is grounded through a series connection of a starting resistor 10 and a capacitor 11. The connection point between the resistor 10 and the capcci~rr 11 is connected to one input terminal of the pulse width modulator 8 to apply a starting current thereto and hence the initiate the operation of the switching regulator.
The above capacitor 11 serves to gradually increase the duty ratio of an output PWM signal from the pulse width modulator 8 upon the power supply being started by gradually increasing the voltage across the capacitor 11, so that this capacitor 11 is generally called a soft start capacitor. A rectifier circuit 12 is connected across a secondary winding 6b of the switching transformer 6 to provide a stable DC voltage for a load (not shown) in response to the switching operation of the switching operation of the switching transistor 7~ ~ relay winding 13 is connected to the output side of the rectifier circuit 12 to be energized by the output from the rectifier 12 and open or close the changeover or relay switch 9. The switching ~13~85~
transformer 6 has a tertiary windiny 6C which is connected at its one end to the ground and at its other end to the input side of a rectifier circuit 14. A DC voltage appearing at the output side therof is applied to the input terminal of the pulse width modulator 6 as a power voltage during the s~ationary state. The above other end of the tartiary winding 6c of the transformer 6 is also connected thxough a rectifier circuit 15 to a variable resistor 16 for adjusting a voltage applied from the rectifier circuit 15 to the pulse width modulator 8. At the output side of the variable resistor 16 there is obtained a compared voltage which corresponds to the DC voltage obtained at the output side of the recitifer circuit 12. This compared voltage is ~ed to the other input terminal of the pulse w~dth modulator 8 to be compared with a reference voltage. Thus, the p~lse width modulator 8 produces, based upon a compared error voltage, a PWM (pulse width modulated~ signal which is applied to the ~ase of the switching transistor 7 so that the ON-time thereof is controlled and the rectifier circuit 12 produces at i~s output side a stable DC voltage.
With a switching regulator constructed as above, the relay switch 9 is opened, the power supply switch 2 is closed, thereafter the switching transistor 7 is supplied with the PWM
signal from the pulse width modulator 8 to carry out the switching operation, and then the stabilized DC output voltage s obtained at the output side of the rectifier circuit 12.
After the electric power is applied to the switching regulator, the relay winding 13 is energized and hence the relay switch 9 is closed. Thus, the resistor 5 is short-circuited and hence any power consumption by the resistor 5 is avoided upon the stationary state being reached. In the prior art, however, the sta~ting resistor 10 i8 always inserted in the power supply ~13~857 circuit to the pulse width modulator 8, so that the power con-sumption by this resistor 10 under the stationary state involves a problem, namely the efficiency of the switching regul~tor is deteriorated much.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a switching regulator free from the defects inherent to the prior switching regulators.
It is anotherobject of the invention to p~ovide a switching regulator which is started positively with reduced power consumption through its starting circuit to increase the efficiency.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a switching regulator in wh~ich a relay device is used to control the starting circuit.
In accordance with an example of the present invention, a switching re~ulator is provided which includes a DC voltage source having a pair of first and seaond terminals, a surge current protective resistor, a swh~ching transformer having primary, seaondary, tertiary windings and a magnetic core, a switching transistor having a control electrode, the main current path of which is connected in series between the first and second terminals through the pr~mary winding and the surge current protective resistor, a first rectifying circuit con-nected across the secondary winding and adapted to be connectedwith a load, a pulse width modulator supplied with the output from the rectifying circuit so as to produce a PWM control signal the duty ratio of which is proportional to the voltage of the rectifying circuit, a circuit for supplying the PWM
~5-1~3085~
control signal to the control electrode of the switching tran-sistor, and a starter circuit for starting the pulse width modulator and consisting of a series connection of a starting resistor and a capacitor the connection point of which is con-nected to the pulse width modulator. In this case, the switchingregulator further comprises a switching circuit for connecting in series the surge current protective resistor to the series connection of the starting resistor and capacitor when the switching regulator starts, while disconnecting the former from the latter to short-circuit said surge current p~otective re-sistor, a circuit for detecting the voltage of the tertiarywinding of the switching transformer, a second rectifying circuit for rectifying the output of the detecting circuit, and a circuit for supplying the output of the rectifying circuit to the connection point of the starting resistor and capacitor as a DC power source of the pulse width modulator.
More particularly, there is provided:
In a switching regulator including a DC voltage source having a pair of first and second terminals, a surge current protective resistor, a swi~ching transformer having primary, seoondary and tertiary windings and a magnetic core, a switching transistor having a control electrode, the main current path of which transistor is connected in series between said firstand seoond terminals through said primary winding and said surge current protective resistor, first rectifying means connected across said secondary winding and adapted to be connected with a load, a pulse width modulator supplied with the output from said first rectifying means so as to produce a PWM control signal the duty ratio of which is proportional to the voltage of sa-id first rectifying means, circuit means for supplying said PWM control signal to the control electrode of ~r . .
)857 said switching transistor, and starter circuit means for starting said pulse width modulator and consisting of a series connection of a starting resistor and a capacitor, the connection point of w~ich is connected to said pulse width modulator, said switching egulator further comprising:
~a) switching means for connecting in series said surge current protective resistor to said series con-nection of the starting resistor and capacitor when said switching regulator starts, while disconnecting the former"from the latter to short-c~cuit said surge current protective resistor when said switching regulator has started;
Cbl circuit means for detecting the voltage of said tertiary winding of said switching transformer;
Cc) second rectifying means for rectifying the output of said detecting means; and (d) circuit means for supplying the output of said second rectifying means to the connection point of said starting resistor and capacitor as a DC power source f~r said pulse width modulator.
Other objects, featured and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from th~l~following description taken in conjunction with the attached drawings through which the like feference numerals designate the same elements.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
.
The present invention will be hereinafter described with reference to the attached drawings.
An example of the switching regulator according to the present invention will be described with reference to Figure 2 -6a-ir~ w1nlch the parts or ele~ents corresponding to those of Fi~ure 1 are mlarked witll the same reference numeral.s anrl tj-eir detailed description wi.ll be omit~ed for the sal~e oE brevi~-y In the example ol the invention shown in Figure 2, one fixed con~act a of the relay switch 9 is connected to the connection point between the output ter~inal of the rectifier circuit 4 and one end of surge current protecti-~e resistor 5 for preventing the surge current. The other fi~ed contact b of the relay swi~ch 9 is connected through the starting resistor 10 to the input terminal of the pulse width ~odulator 8. A
movable contact c of the relay switch 9 is connected to the connection point between the other end of the surge current pro-tective resistor 5 and the input ter~inal of the primary winding 6a of the switchlng transfor~er 6. T'nus, upon starting, the starting resistor 10 is inserted into the path fro~ the rectifier circuit 4 to the pulse width modulator 3, T~Jhile at the stationary state after the start of t'ne switching opera-tion, the current of the starting resistor 10 is opened. The other circuit c~struction of the e~ample of the invention shown in Figure 2 is substantiallv the same as that of the prior art e~ample sho~n in Figure 1.
~ ith the switching regulator of the inventlon shown in Figure 2, when t'ne movable contact c of the relay switch ~ is put in contact with the fi~ed contact b, as shoT.~n in Figure ~, and ~he poT.~er suppiy swi~ch .~ iS closed, the DC voltage fro~.
.he rectirier circuit L is applied through the surge current preventive -'^esistor ~ and the primary winding 6a of the trans-for~er ~ to the collector of the switching transistor 7 and 21sc through the sta. ng r_sistor 10 to the input side of the ~ulse wldLh ~.odulator 8. hus, ~he pulse width modulator 8 . -- :
113~857 o?erates in response to the starting current and. hence puts the s~itching transistor 7 in its ON position. As a re~ult, the pulse width ~odulator $ applies ~he PTf~t sign.ll, which ls obtained from bhe respective signals derived frotn the secondary and tertiary windings 6b and 6c of the switching transfor~.er 6, to the base o the switching transistor 7, so that the lat~er will start the switching operation. At the time when the switching operation is started, the relay coil 13 is energized by the output from the rectifier circuit 12 and hence the movable contact c of the relay switch ~ is switched to be in contact -~th the fixed contact a thereof to short-circuit the surge current preventive resistor 5, and also to open the circuit of the starting resistor 19. Thereafter, the voltage of the capacitor 11, which is charged through the rectifier circuit 14, is applied to the pulse width modulator ,3 as its power source voltage ~o keep the stationary state.
According to the switching re~ulator of the invention having the construction set forth above, the starting resistor for the pulse wldth modulator is inserted into its start path upon the power supply voltage being supplied thereto, while is opened at the stationary state after the switching operation is started, so that the useless power consumption by the start-ing resistor under the stationar~J state can be avoided and accordingly, the efficiency of the switching regulator can be gre~tly i~prOVeG.
Turning to FiGure 3, another e~ample of the present invention will be described, in -~v~ich the ?arts correspondin~
to those of Figure ~ are ~.arlied with the sa~.e reference numerals ancl their detailed description ~.,i'l be o~itted for ~he sake of si~plicity.
.. . , , ~ .
~1308S~
In the e~ample of the inventlon sho~l in :Fi.,gure 3, a protective circuit ls provided which includes, for exar.~ple, an over-current detecting ci cuit or detector 17 SUCh ,IS a resistor 20 connected between the emitter of the switchin~
transistor 7 and the reference point and a holding circuit 21 which will memorize or hold the output from the detector 17.
The holding circuit 21 is supplied with the powe-r source voltage from both the ends of the soft start capacitor 11 so as to avoid that even if the switching transistor 7 stops its switching o2eration upon an overload, the relay switch 9 is subject to a scattering operation. The output side of the holding circuit 21 is connected to one of the input Lerminals of an ~D ~ate circuit 18 which is supplied at its other in~ut terminal with the output from the pulse width modulator 8. In order to make sure that the holding ci~cuit 21 is sufficiently driven bv the voltage char~ed in the capacitor 11 through t'ne starting resistor 10, the connection point therebe~ween is connected to the input side of the holding circuit 21. Further, there is provided a reset ?ulse generating circuit or oscillator 2? which will supply a reset pulse to the holcling circuit 21 in res~o~se to the ON-state of the power supp]y switch 2. The input side of the reset pulse oscillator 22 is connected to the connection point of the resistor 10 to the capacitor 11. The output side OL the reset pulse oscillator 22 is connected to the input side of the holding circuit 21 as set forth above. The out?ut from the ~ID ~ate circuit l& is appli2d through a drive circuit l9 to the base of the switching transistor 7 and ano-ther input side of the drive circuit 19 is connected to the connection ?oint of the esistor 10 to the ca?acltor 11. The out?ut from the rectifier clrcuit l~ ,which rectifies the pulse signal appearin~
113~8S7 at the secondary winding ~b of the switching transformer 6, is supplied ~hrough a voltage detecting circuit or c1et(ctor 23 and an isolator 24 to tlle pulse ~.~id,h modulator ~. The other circuit constructlon of the example shown in Figure 3, e~cept for some minor points, is subs-tantially the same as that of Figure 2.
Witl~ the example of the invention shoT.~n in Figure 3 even if the over-current detector 17 is operated by some c~uses during the operation of the switching regulator, the output from the over-current detecto-r 17 is held by the holding circuit 21 of the next stage which is supplied 7~7ith the power voltage from the charged capacitor ll and the gate of the AND
gate circuit 13 remains ln its closed state. Thus, the PT~I
signal fro~ the pulse width modulator 18 is not applied to the base of the switching translstor 7 th-rough the AIY7D gate circuit lo and the drive circuit 19. Therefore, even in the case where the swi.ching regulator does not repeat its start operation, any abnormal operation such as the movable contact _ of the relay switch 9 being scattered is avoided. If the power switch
Field of the Invention:
....
The present invention relates generally to a switching regulator, and is directed more particularly to a switching regulator in which the power consumption by a starting register for a pulse width modulator under the stationary state is reduced and hence the efficiency of the switching regulator is improved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
_ . . ...
Figure 1 is a connection diagram showing, partially in block, an example of a prior switching regulator;
Figure 2 is a connection diagram showing, partially in block, an example of the switching regulator according to the present invention; and Figure 3 is a connection diagram showing, partially in block form, another example of the invention.
Description of the Prior Art:
Generally speaking, in theprior art switching regulator when a power supply switch is tuned ON, there may occur an excess-ive surge current flowing thereinto and hence the diodes thereof for rectification are damaged. To avoid this, as shown in Figure 1, there has been proposed such a switching regulator in which, for example, a resistor is provided at the output side of a rectifying circuit for avoiding a surge current, the resistor is opened or closed by a change-over switch, and a pulse width modulator is supplied with a power through a starting resistor upon starting, while supplied with a DC voltage, which is derived therefrom, through a tertiary winding of a transformer and then smoothed, ~ .
at the stationary state r That is, in Figure 1, a power supply plug 1, which is supplied with a commercial power voltage, is connected through a power supply switch 2 and a power supply fuse 3 to a rectifier circuit 4 whose output side is connected through a surge current preventing resistor 5 and a primary winding 6a of switching transformer 6 having a magnetic core to the collector of a switching t~ansistor 7 whose emitter is grounded and whose base is connected to a pulse width modulator 8 to be supplied with a PWM (pulse width modulated) signal therefrom. A ~itch 9 is connected in parallel to the resistor 5. This switch 9 is opened to insert the resistor into the path upon the power supply switch 2 being closed, and which is closed to disconnect the resistor 5 from the path upon the stationary state being reach. The output terminal of the resistor 5 is grounded through a series connection of a starting resistor 10 and a capacitor 11. The connection point between the resistor 10 and the capcci~rr 11 is connected to one input terminal of the pulse width modulator 8 to apply a starting current thereto and hence the initiate the operation of the switching regulator.
The above capacitor 11 serves to gradually increase the duty ratio of an output PWM signal from the pulse width modulator 8 upon the power supply being started by gradually increasing the voltage across the capacitor 11, so that this capacitor 11 is generally called a soft start capacitor. A rectifier circuit 12 is connected across a secondary winding 6b of the switching transformer 6 to provide a stable DC voltage for a load (not shown) in response to the switching operation of the switching operation of the switching transistor 7~ ~ relay winding 13 is connected to the output side of the rectifier circuit 12 to be energized by the output from the rectifier 12 and open or close the changeover or relay switch 9. The switching ~13~85~
transformer 6 has a tertiary windiny 6C which is connected at its one end to the ground and at its other end to the input side of a rectifier circuit 14. A DC voltage appearing at the output side therof is applied to the input terminal of the pulse width modulator 6 as a power voltage during the s~ationary state. The above other end of the tartiary winding 6c of the transformer 6 is also connected thxough a rectifier circuit 15 to a variable resistor 16 for adjusting a voltage applied from the rectifier circuit 15 to the pulse width modulator 8. At the output side of the variable resistor 16 there is obtained a compared voltage which corresponds to the DC voltage obtained at the output side of the recitifer circuit 12. This compared voltage is ~ed to the other input terminal of the pulse w~dth modulator 8 to be compared with a reference voltage. Thus, the p~lse width modulator 8 produces, based upon a compared error voltage, a PWM (pulse width modulated~ signal which is applied to the ~ase of the switching transistor 7 so that the ON-time thereof is controlled and the rectifier circuit 12 produces at i~s output side a stable DC voltage.
With a switching regulator constructed as above, the relay switch 9 is opened, the power supply switch 2 is closed, thereafter the switching transistor 7 is supplied with the PWM
signal from the pulse width modulator 8 to carry out the switching operation, and then the stabilized DC output voltage s obtained at the output side of the rectifier circuit 12.
After the electric power is applied to the switching regulator, the relay winding 13 is energized and hence the relay switch 9 is closed. Thus, the resistor 5 is short-circuited and hence any power consumption by the resistor 5 is avoided upon the stationary state being reached. In the prior art, however, the sta~ting resistor 10 i8 always inserted in the power supply ~13~857 circuit to the pulse width modulator 8, so that the power con-sumption by this resistor 10 under the stationary state involves a problem, namely the efficiency of the switching regul~tor is deteriorated much.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a switching regulator free from the defects inherent to the prior switching regulators.
It is anotherobject of the invention to p~ovide a switching regulator which is started positively with reduced power consumption through its starting circuit to increase the efficiency.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a switching regulator in wh~ich a relay device is used to control the starting circuit.
In accordance with an example of the present invention, a switching re~ulator is provided which includes a DC voltage source having a pair of first and seaond terminals, a surge current protective resistor, a swh~ching transformer having primary, seaondary, tertiary windings and a magnetic core, a switching transistor having a control electrode, the main current path of which is connected in series between the first and second terminals through the pr~mary winding and the surge current protective resistor, a first rectifying circuit con-nected across the secondary winding and adapted to be connectedwith a load, a pulse width modulator supplied with the output from the rectifying circuit so as to produce a PWM control signal the duty ratio of which is proportional to the voltage of the rectifying circuit, a circuit for supplying the PWM
~5-1~3085~
control signal to the control electrode of the switching tran-sistor, and a starter circuit for starting the pulse width modulator and consisting of a series connection of a starting resistor and a capacitor the connection point of which is con-nected to the pulse width modulator. In this case, the switchingregulator further comprises a switching circuit for connecting in series the surge current protective resistor to the series connection of the starting resistor and capacitor when the switching regulator starts, while disconnecting the former from the latter to short-circuit said surge current p~otective re-sistor, a circuit for detecting the voltage of the tertiarywinding of the switching transformer, a second rectifying circuit for rectifying the output of the detecting circuit, and a circuit for supplying the output of the rectifying circuit to the connection point of the starting resistor and capacitor as a DC power source of the pulse width modulator.
More particularly, there is provided:
In a switching regulator including a DC voltage source having a pair of first and second terminals, a surge current protective resistor, a swi~ching transformer having primary, seoondary and tertiary windings and a magnetic core, a switching transistor having a control electrode, the main current path of which transistor is connected in series between said firstand seoond terminals through said primary winding and said surge current protective resistor, first rectifying means connected across said secondary winding and adapted to be connected with a load, a pulse width modulator supplied with the output from said first rectifying means so as to produce a PWM control signal the duty ratio of which is proportional to the voltage of sa-id first rectifying means, circuit means for supplying said PWM control signal to the control electrode of ~r . .
)857 said switching transistor, and starter circuit means for starting said pulse width modulator and consisting of a series connection of a starting resistor and a capacitor, the connection point of w~ich is connected to said pulse width modulator, said switching egulator further comprising:
~a) switching means for connecting in series said surge current protective resistor to said series con-nection of the starting resistor and capacitor when said switching regulator starts, while disconnecting the former"from the latter to short-c~cuit said surge current protective resistor when said switching regulator has started;
Cbl circuit means for detecting the voltage of said tertiary winding of said switching transformer;
Cc) second rectifying means for rectifying the output of said detecting means; and (d) circuit means for supplying the output of said second rectifying means to the connection point of said starting resistor and capacitor as a DC power source f~r said pulse width modulator.
Other objects, featured and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from th~l~following description taken in conjunction with the attached drawings through which the like feference numerals designate the same elements.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
.
The present invention will be hereinafter described with reference to the attached drawings.
An example of the switching regulator according to the present invention will be described with reference to Figure 2 -6a-ir~ w1nlch the parts or ele~ents corresponding to those of Fi~ure 1 are mlarked witll the same reference numeral.s anrl tj-eir detailed description wi.ll be omit~ed for the sal~e oE brevi~-y In the example ol the invention shown in Figure 2, one fixed con~act a of the relay switch 9 is connected to the connection point between the output ter~inal of the rectifier circuit 4 and one end of surge current protecti-~e resistor 5 for preventing the surge current. The other fi~ed contact b of the relay swi~ch 9 is connected through the starting resistor 10 to the input terminal of the pulse width ~odulator 8. A
movable contact c of the relay switch 9 is connected to the connection point between the other end of the surge current pro-tective resistor 5 and the input ter~inal of the primary winding 6a of the switchlng transfor~er 6. T'nus, upon starting, the starting resistor 10 is inserted into the path fro~ the rectifier circuit 4 to the pulse width modulator 3, T~Jhile at the stationary state after the start of t'ne switching opera-tion, the current of the starting resistor 10 is opened. The other circuit c~struction of the e~ample of the invention shown in Figure 2 is substantiallv the same as that of the prior art e~ample sho~n in Figure 1.
~ ith the switching regulator of the inventlon shown in Figure 2, when t'ne movable contact c of the relay switch ~ is put in contact with the fi~ed contact b, as shoT.~n in Figure ~, and ~he poT.~er suppiy swi~ch .~ iS closed, the DC voltage fro~.
.he rectirier circuit L is applied through the surge current preventive -'^esistor ~ and the primary winding 6a of the trans-for~er ~ to the collector of the switching transistor 7 and 21sc through the sta. ng r_sistor 10 to the input side of the ~ulse wldLh ~.odulator 8. hus, ~he pulse width modulator 8 . -- :
113~857 o?erates in response to the starting current and. hence puts the s~itching transistor 7 in its ON position. As a re~ult, the pulse width ~odulator $ applies ~he PTf~t sign.ll, which ls obtained from bhe respective signals derived frotn the secondary and tertiary windings 6b and 6c of the switching transfor~.er 6, to the base o the switching transistor 7, so that the lat~er will start the switching operation. At the time when the switching operation is started, the relay coil 13 is energized by the output from the rectifier circuit 12 and hence the movable contact c of the relay switch ~ is switched to be in contact -~th the fixed contact a thereof to short-circuit the surge current preventive resistor 5, and also to open the circuit of the starting resistor 19. Thereafter, the voltage of the capacitor 11, which is charged through the rectifier circuit 14, is applied to the pulse width modulator ,3 as its power source voltage ~o keep the stationary state.
According to the switching re~ulator of the invention having the construction set forth above, the starting resistor for the pulse wldth modulator is inserted into its start path upon the power supply voltage being supplied thereto, while is opened at the stationary state after the switching operation is started, so that the useless power consumption by the start-ing resistor under the stationar~J state can be avoided and accordingly, the efficiency of the switching regulator can be gre~tly i~prOVeG.
Turning to FiGure 3, another e~ample of the present invention will be described, in -~v~ich the ?arts correspondin~
to those of Figure ~ are ~.arlied with the sa~.e reference numerals ancl their detailed description ~.,i'l be o~itted for ~he sake of si~plicity.
.. . , , ~ .
~1308S~
In the e~ample of the inventlon sho~l in :Fi.,gure 3, a protective circuit ls provided which includes, for exar.~ple, an over-current detecting ci cuit or detector 17 SUCh ,IS a resistor 20 connected between the emitter of the switchin~
transistor 7 and the reference point and a holding circuit 21 which will memorize or hold the output from the detector 17.
The holding circuit 21 is supplied with the powe-r source voltage from both the ends of the soft start capacitor 11 so as to avoid that even if the switching transistor 7 stops its switching o2eration upon an overload, the relay switch 9 is subject to a scattering operation. The output side of the holding circuit 21 is connected to one of the input Lerminals of an ~D ~ate circuit 18 which is supplied at its other in~ut terminal with the output from the pulse width modulator 8. In order to make sure that the holding ci~cuit 21 is sufficiently driven bv the voltage char~ed in the capacitor 11 through t'ne starting resistor 10, the connection point therebe~ween is connected to the input side of the holding circuit 21. Further, there is provided a reset ?ulse generating circuit or oscillator 2? which will supply a reset pulse to the holcling circuit 21 in res~o~se to the ON-state of the power supp]y switch 2. The input side of the reset pulse oscillator 22 is connected to the connection point of the resistor 10 to the capacitor 11. The output side OL the reset pulse oscillator 22 is connected to the input side of the holding circuit 21 as set forth above. The out?ut from the ~ID ~ate circuit l& is appli2d through a drive circuit l9 to the base of the switching transistor 7 and ano-ther input side of the drive circuit 19 is connected to the connection ?oint of the esistor 10 to the ca?acltor 11. The out?ut from the rectifier clrcuit l~ ,which rectifies the pulse signal appearin~
113~8S7 at the secondary winding ~b of the switching transformer 6, is supplied ~hrough a voltage detecting circuit or c1et(ctor 23 and an isolator 24 to tlle pulse ~.~id,h modulator ~. The other circuit constructlon of the example shown in Figure 3, e~cept for some minor points, is subs-tantially the same as that of Figure 2.
Witl~ the example of the invention shoT.~n in Figure 3 even if the over-current detector 17 is operated by some c~uses during the operation of the switching regulator, the output from the over-current detecto-r 17 is held by the holding circuit 21 of the next stage which is supplied 7~7ith the power voltage from the charged capacitor ll and the gate of the AND
gate circuit 13 remains ln its closed state. Thus, the PT~I
signal fro~ the pulse width modulator 18 is not applied to the base of the switching translstor 7 th-rough the AIY7D gate circuit lo and the drive circuit 19. Therefore, even in the case where the swi.ching regulator does not repeat its start operation, any abnormal operation such as the movable contact _ of the relay switch 9 being scattered is avoided. If the power switch
2 is opened and then closed again, the reset pulse oscillator 22 applies a reset pulse to the holdlng circuit 21. Thus, the 'nolding circuit 21 is reset.
According to the example o~ Lhe lnvention shown in '~igure 3, the holding circuit is provided at the output stage of the over-current detector to hold the abnormai state and hence to keep the switching operation in a stop condition until the saFe operation is available, so that, without lowering the e~iciency, the abnormal operation can be avoided and the s~7itchin~ ~egul2tor ca7- s,a^t it~ operation s~oothly.
In the above example, the protectiv2 circuit detects an -iO-1~3~)~357 over-current, but it wi.ll be apparent that it detects an over-voltage wi.th the same effects.
It will be apparent that many modification.s lnd varia-tions could be effected by one skilled ln the art withollt de-parting from the spirit or scope of the novel concepts of the present invention, so that the spirit or scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims only.
According to the example o~ Lhe lnvention shown in '~igure 3, the holding circuit is provided at the output stage of the over-current detector to hold the abnormai state and hence to keep the switching operation in a stop condition until the saFe operation is available, so that, without lowering the e~iciency, the abnormal operation can be avoided and the s~7itchin~ ~egul2tor ca7- s,a^t it~ operation s~oothly.
In the above example, the protectiv2 circuit detects an -iO-1~3~)~357 over-current, but it wi.ll be apparent that it detects an over-voltage wi.th the same effects.
It will be apparent that many modification.s lnd varia-tions could be effected by one skilled ln the art withollt de-parting from the spirit or scope of the novel concepts of the present invention, so that the spirit or scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims only.
Claims
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a switching regulator including a DC voltage source having a pair of first and second terminals, a surge current protective resistor, a switching transformer having primary, secondary and tertiary windings and a magnetic core, a switching transistor having a control electrode, the main current path of which transistor is connected in series between said first and second terminals through said primary winding and said surge current protective resistor, first rectifying means con-nected across said secondary winding and adapted to be connected with a load, a pulse width modulator supplied with the output from said first rectifying means so as to produce a PWM control signal the duty ratio of which is proportional to the voltage of said first rectifying means, circuit means for supplying said PWM
control signal to the control electrode of said switching tran-sistor, and starter circuit means for starting said pulse width modulator and consisting of a series connection of a starting resistor and a capacitor, the connection point of which is con-nected to said pulse width modulator, said switching regulator further comprising:
(a) switching means for connecting in series said surge current protective resistor to said series con-nection of the starting resistor and capacitor when said switching regulator starts, while disconnecting the former from the latter to short-circuit said surge current protective resistor when said switching regulator has started;
(b) circuit means for detecting the voltage of said tertiary winding of said switching transformer;
(c) second rectifying means for rectifying the output of said detecting means; and (d) circuit means for supplying the output of said second rectifying means to the connection point of said starting resistor and capacitor as a DC power source for said pulse width modulator.
control signal to the control electrode of said switching tran-sistor, and starter circuit means for starting said pulse width modulator and consisting of a series connection of a starting resistor and a capacitor, the connection point of which is con-nected to said pulse width modulator, said switching regulator further comprising:
(a) switching means for connecting in series said surge current protective resistor to said series con-nection of the starting resistor and capacitor when said switching regulator starts, while disconnecting the former from the latter to short-circuit said surge current protective resistor when said switching regulator has started;
(b) circuit means for detecting the voltage of said tertiary winding of said switching transformer;
(c) second rectifying means for rectifying the output of said detecting means; and (d) circuit means for supplying the output of said second rectifying means to the connection point of said starting resistor and capacitor as a DC power source for said pulse width modulator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA332,122A CA1132195A (en) | 1977-12-16 | 1979-07-19 | Switching regulator with high efficiency starting resistor circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP151345/77 | 1977-12-16 | ||
| JP15134577A JPS5484225A (en) | 1977-12-16 | 1977-12-16 | Switching power source circuit |
| JP15134377A JPS6024666B2 (en) | 1977-12-16 | 1977-12-16 | switching power supply circuit |
| JP151343/77 | 1977-12-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1130857A true CA1130857A (en) | 1982-08-31 |
Family
ID=26480628
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA317,986A Expired CA1130857A (en) | 1977-12-16 | 1978-12-14 | Switching regulator with high efficiency starting resistor circuit |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4236198A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU527701B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1130857A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2854410A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2412114A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2010605B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7812183A (en) |
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| JPS5660004A (en) * | 1979-10-19 | 1981-05-23 | Sony Corp | Parts of insulated inductance |
| SE417040B (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1981-02-16 | Norlyk H | CHARGING DEVICE FOR CHARGING AN ELECTRIC ACCUMULATOR |
| US4400767A (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-08-23 | Honeywell Information Systems Inc. | Self start flyback power supply |
| US4466051A (en) * | 1982-10-25 | 1984-08-14 | Rca Corporation | Regulated power supply incorporating a power transformer having a tightly coupled supplemental power transfer winding |
| JPS59149780A (en) * | 1983-02-09 | 1984-08-27 | Toshiba Corp | Drive device for motor |
| DE3322335A1 (en) * | 1983-06-22 | 1985-01-03 | Ceag Licht- Und Stromversorgungstechnik Gmbh, 4770 Soest | Arrangement for limiting the switching-on current of switched-mode power supplies |
| US4580206A (en) * | 1983-07-27 | 1986-04-01 | Xerox Corporation | Voltage clamp regulator |
| NZ209570A (en) * | 1983-09-19 | 1988-03-30 | Minitronics Pty Ltd | Switching regulator |
| US4679484A (en) * | 1984-08-06 | 1987-07-14 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Electromagnetic launcher rail temperature reduction through controlled breech current injection |
| US4628431A (en) * | 1984-12-12 | 1986-12-09 | Wang Laboratories, Inc. | Power supply on/off switching with inrush limiting |
| JPS6271479A (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1987-04-02 | Sharp Corp | Converter circuit |
| US4631470A (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1986-12-23 | Rca Corporation | Current surge limited power supply |
| US4774584A (en) * | 1985-12-21 | 1988-09-27 | Blaupunkt-Werke Gmbh | High-voltage power supply for a picture tube |
| GB8602507D0 (en) * | 1986-02-01 | 1986-03-05 | Micropore International Ltd | Electric radiation heater |
| US4928218A (en) * | 1989-03-06 | 1990-05-22 | Ncr Corporation | Switch mode power supply start-up circuit |
| DE4008663C1 (en) * | 1990-03-17 | 1991-05-02 | Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
| WO1993011602A1 (en) * | 1991-11-28 | 1993-06-10 | Living Image Technology Pty. Ltd. | Switching circuit |
| US5528132A (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1996-06-18 | Maxim Integrated Products | Method and apparatus for increasing switching regulator light load efficiency |
| DE4414181A1 (en) * | 1994-04-22 | 1995-10-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Electric charging station for recharging of electric vehicles with onboard charging unit |
| DE19510835C1 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1996-10-17 | Jungheinrich Ag | Method of testing drive circuit for fork-lift truck contg. externally excited DC machine |
| US5640317A (en) * | 1995-06-15 | 1997-06-17 | Supertax, Inc. | High voltage start-up circuit and method therefor |
| TW432276B (en) * | 1997-03-08 | 2001-05-01 | Acer Peripherals Inc | Power-saving type power-supply with the capability of quickly restoring the start |
| US5982639A (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-11-09 | Power Integrations, Inc. | Two switch off-line switching converter |
| US6876181B1 (en) | 1998-02-27 | 2005-04-05 | Power Integrations, Inc. | Off-line converter with digital control |
| US6226190B1 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2001-05-01 | Power Integrations, Inc. | Off-line converter with digital control |
| US6107851A (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 2000-08-22 | Power Integrations, Inc. | Offline converter with integrated softstart and frequency jitter |
| FI108971B (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2002-04-30 | Nokia Corp | Method and arrangement for limiting the power supply start-up current |
| KR100293979B1 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2001-09-17 | 김덕중 | Switching Mode Power Supply |
| US6163470A (en) * | 1999-10-07 | 2000-12-19 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | EMI filter for an inrush relay |
| US6163140A (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2000-12-19 | Micrel Incorporated | Start-up circuit for voltage regulators |
| US6525514B1 (en) | 2000-08-08 | 2003-02-25 | Power Integrations, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing audio noise in a switching regulator |
| JP2002078343A (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-03-15 | Brother Ind Ltd | Noise-eliminating circuit |
| US20040183769A1 (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2004-09-23 | Earl Schreyer | Graphics digitizer |
| JP2002369509A (en) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-12-20 | Shindengen Electric Mfg Co Ltd | Switching power unit |
| JP4108457B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2008-06-25 | シャープ株式会社 | Switching power supply |
| US6788557B2 (en) * | 2003-02-10 | 2004-09-07 | Astec International Limited | Single conversion power converter with hold-up time |
| US7233504B2 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-06-19 | Power Integration, Inc. | Method and apparatus for digital control of a switching regulator |
| TW200713762A (en) * | 2005-09-06 | 2007-04-01 | Acbel Polytech Inc | AC-DC converter capable of actively suppressing inrush current |
| TW200744267A (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2007-12-01 | Forcar Co Ltd | Current AC power connecting circuit device |
| US20080106917A1 (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-08 | James Holt | Variable edge modulation in a switching regulator |
| US8018694B1 (en) | 2007-02-16 | 2011-09-13 | Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation | Over-current protection for a power converter |
| US7719243B1 (en) | 2007-11-21 | 2010-05-18 | Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation | Soft-start system and method for power converter |
| CN101464720B (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2012-01-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Power supplier |
| US7872883B1 (en) | 2008-01-29 | 2011-01-18 | Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation | Synchronous buck power converter with free-running oscillator |
| US7723972B1 (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2010-05-25 | Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation | Reducing soft start delay and providing soft recovery in power system controllers |
| JP4548532B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-09-22 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | Power supply device and image forming apparatus provided with the device |
| JP2011228274A (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-11-10 | Yamatake Corp | Relay drive circuit |
| CN107947214B (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2021-06-01 | 特变电工新疆新能源股份有限公司 | Starting method of multi-terminal flexible direct-current power transmission system |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3120633A (en) * | 1960-02-01 | 1964-02-04 | Gen Electric | Series inverter circuit having controlled rectifiers with power diodes in reverse parallel connection |
| US3289098A (en) * | 1964-06-15 | 1966-11-29 | Motorola Inc | Starting circuit for semiconductor oscillator |
| NL164431C (en) * | 1970-03-04 | 1980-12-15 | Tektronix Inc | DC INVERTER OF THE KICKBACK TYPE. |
| US3967181A (en) * | 1970-05-06 | 1976-06-29 | Raytheon Company | Converter wherein switching frequency is independent of output voltage and is synchronized to an external system |
| US3771040A (en) * | 1972-04-18 | 1973-11-06 | Nasa | Regulated dc-to-dc converter for voltage step-up or step-down with input-output isolation |
| FR2204072B1 (en) * | 1972-10-24 | 1977-01-14 | Halberthal Gerard | |
| FR2274162A1 (en) * | 1974-06-04 | 1976-01-02 | Electronique Appliquee | DC to DC converter - uses variable form-factor power drive to give stable multiple outputs |
| US3989995A (en) * | 1975-05-05 | 1976-11-02 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Frequency stabilized single-ended regulated converter circuit |
| US4156273A (en) * | 1976-10-07 | 1979-05-22 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Protection of a switching regulator |
| US4037271A (en) * | 1976-12-03 | 1977-07-19 | Boschert Associates | Switching regulator power supply |
-
1978
- 1978-12-11 US US05/968,135 patent/US4236198A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1978-12-14 NL NL7812183A patent/NL7812183A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-12-14 CA CA317,986A patent/CA1130857A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-14 AU AU42524/78A patent/AU527701B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-15 FR FR7835442A patent/FR2412114A1/en active Granted
- 1978-12-16 DE DE19782854410 patent/DE2854410A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-12-18 GB GB7848940A patent/GB2010605B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL7812183A (en) | 1979-06-19 |
| FR2412114B1 (en) | 1983-03-11 |
| AU4252478A (en) | 1979-06-21 |
| GB2010605B (en) | 1982-04-21 |
| US4236198A (en) | 1980-11-25 |
| AU527701B2 (en) | 1983-03-17 |
| FR2412114A1 (en) | 1979-07-13 |
| GB2010605A (en) | 1979-06-27 |
| DE2854410A1 (en) | 1979-06-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 19990831 |