CA1139667A

CA1139667A - Galenical compositions

Info

Publication number: CA1139667A
Application number: CA000322853A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Thomas Cavanak
Original assignee: Sandoz AG
Current assignee: Novartis AG
Priority date: 1978-03-07
Filing date: 1979-03-06
Publication date: 1983-01-18
Also published as: AT375828B; DK86079A; PT69309A; AU528714B2; DK154539C; PH15159A; NL7901703A; MY8500134A; FI65914C; IT7948152A0; FI790640A; SE445174B; DD142149A5; HK48585A; US4388307A; IT1115038B; IL56790A0; SG14785G; IL56790A; CY1285A

Abstract

NEW GALENICAL COMPOSITIONS
Abstract of the Disclosure The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmacologically active mono-cyclic peptide and a carrier comprising at least one of the following components:-a) a non-ionic ester of a triglyceride and a polylakylene polyol, b) a saturated fatty acid triglyceride, and c) a mono- or di-glyceride having improved physical and absorption properties.

Description

NEW GALENICAL COMPOSITIONS
' This invention relates to galenical compositions, particularly compositions containing a pharmacologically active mono-cyclic peptide.
Because of the hydrophobic and/or lipophilic charac ter of such peptides, pharmaceutical formulations thereof with conventional solid or liquid pharmaceutical excipients tend to have disadvantages. For example the peptide may not be satisfactorily absorbed, the co~position. may not be well tolerated, the composition,may not be sufficiently stable on storage e.g. against crystallizing-out of the peptide, and/or the concentration of the peptide capable of being solubilized,without crystallizing-out may be low, e.g. of the order of 3% or lower.
Problems of this nature arise not only with liquid formulations, but such solid forms such as solid ~, solu-tions", e.g.in the form of oral pellets, produced for example by melting a sol,id carrier/mixing in the active ingredient and allo~ing the mixture to solidify.
While there are many known proposals ~ alleviat~
or overcome problems of this type, it has been found after 9~

exhaustive trials that many of these proposals are inadequate in the area of the monocyclic peptides, in particular cyclosporins, with which the invention is concerned. It has, however, surprisingly been found that certain classes of glycerides used as carrier components do assist in alleviating these difficulties; in particular they, for example, may enable achievement of higher blood levels of active agent or avoid other problems such as instability.
The present invention accordingly provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a cyclosporin as active.ingredient and carrier comprising at least one of the following components:-a) a trans-esterification product of a natural or hydrogenated vegetable oil triglyceride and a polyalkylene p~olyol;
b) a saturated fatty acid triglyceride, and c) a mono-or di-glyceride.
The compositions of the invention are particularly suitable for hydrophobic and/or lipophilic peptides which are insoluble or difficultly soluble in conventional pharmaceutical vehicles, in particular cyclosporins, including those having a basic ring structure as follows:-D

t 1 '7 ~:H3~ ~CH~
CH
CH ~ ~C H~
Cl~2 C~ 1 Cl~3 IC~ N--CH--CO--1~1 CH~ A . - N--CH2.
CO

~CH--CH2--1H 1. CO
CH3 ¦ I~l-CH~

¦ D ~ ~ O ~
OC--Ch--~--CO-CH--N--CO--CH--N--C--Cl1--N--CO----CH
. 1 CH3 H CH~ ~ CH3 C~

C~-~ Cl~ C--~ C~

wherein A is a bivalent moiety containing two amino acids llnked together.

A may be for example:-\C/

C (cyclos~orin A) HO~R)~C~(R) C~H3 3~1H CH3 CIH2 - N - C~ - CO - N--CH-CO-S~; ~ ~L) H3C~

H2C j cl~2 (dihydrocyclos-HO\R)~c\(~) I 3 . porin C) CU3 CH CH3 (OCIH -OH
- N - CH ~ CO - N - CH ~CO-(L) ..

CH ~ ~ ~ t1 ~C~c . i (cyclosporin D ) Ho~R)~C~ CHj / 3 Ct~3 ¦ CH
--1--C~ CO--N~ CO--k) I (L) CM~
II~,C~C
I (R) Ho.~RCk ~C~ CH3 CH3 CH3 I CH ( dihydrocyclos- -C0--N--CH--C0- porin D), or ~L) I (L) e t~ ~Cl~2 j ~( t1~ ~Ct~ \3 / H3 ~IN CH CO-- N-- CH--CO (iso-cyclosporin D ) l a h~) I (L) C~yclosporin A, dihydr~cyclosporin C and isocyclospor:Ln D are the preferred peptides.

11~9~

Component a) may be prepared in conventional manner, e.g. as described in U.S. Patent Specification No 3,288,824.
The ester may be a transesterification product of two molar parts of a natural oil, such as corn oil, almond oil, ground-nut oil, olive oil and/or palm oil, with one molar part of apolyethylene glycol of MW 200 to 800. Such esters are commer-cially available under the trade mark LABRAFI ~ (see Fiedler, Lexicon der Hilfstoffe, p. 320, 1971), from Etablissement Gattefossé, Boulogne-sur-Seine, France. Labrafil is a poly-oxyethylated kernel oil mixture, having a density of D20 =0.940-0.965, an acid number 2, an iodine number = 60-90, a saponification number = 145-175 and a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (H.L.B.) = 4.
Component b~ may be obtained in conventional manner using, for example, fatty acids having a chain length of from 8 to 12 carbon atoms. Generally these glycerides will have an iodine number of less than 2. Examples of such glycerides are commercially available under the trade mark MIGLYOL~
from Dynamit Nobel Witten/Ruhr Germany, especially Miglyol 812, or MYRITO ~ 318 from Henkel Dusseldorf, Germany.
Component c) is preferably one of the mono- or di-glycerides approved for pharmaceutical use, e.g. a mono~ or di-(C16-C20) fatty acid glyceride, e.g. of stearlc acid or especially of oleic acid. Preferably component c) is glycerol mono-oleate (Monooleinum-Pharmacopoea ~elvetica Sixth Edition).
Naturally when the components a), b) and/or c) present are solid, these should be chosen such that they can .~
D

~13g~

be melted at temperatures at which the peptide is stable.
Such components include, for example, glycerol mono-stearate and glycerol di-stearate.
The preferred total concentration of component a) and/or component b) and/or component c) present in the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention, as well as the weight ratio of individual components when two or more of these are present, will natuxally depend, ~ , on the particular component(s) used, and in partlcular on the solvent/solubilizing effect thereof, the particular mono-cyclic peptide used, the concentration of mono-cyclic peptide desired in the final composition and the solvent/solubilizing effect of any further pharmaceu-tical excipients present. In general the preferred welght ratio of component a), b) and/or c) to peptide is 10 parts ln total of the component (or components) to 0.2 to 10 parts of peptide,or more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight of peptide, and conveniently from 1 to 7 parts by weight of peptide.
When components a) and b) are present, without component c), the weight ratio of component a) to com-ponent b) may be, e.gl from 1:1 to 1:2.
When component c) is present with component a) or b), the weight ratio of component c) to component a) or b) may be, e.g./ from 2:1 to 1:2.
When components a), b) and c) are all present, conven-9~
_ 7 - 100-4983 lently they are present in a weight ratlo of about 1:1:1.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be made by mixing a pharmacologically active mono-cyclic peptide with the liquid carrier comprising component a) and/or b) and/or c) as deflned above.If the o~nent a), ,, . .: , b) or c) is solid~temperatures up to about 70C may be used, to produce a liquid melt in which the active agent may be dissolved in. The composition may be cooled and then, for example, ground.
The pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in conventional manner, if desired with further pharma-ceutlcal excipients, into forms suitable for oral or parenteral administration. Preferably they are in liquid form.
Examples of preferred compositions are:
a) Solutions for drlnking, e.g. Example 1 herelnafter, b) Emulsions for drinking, c) Injection solutions, e.g. Examples 2 and 4 hereinafter, d) Solutions contained in capsules, e.g. Example 6 herein-after, e) Pellets for oral administration.
The modes of administratlon are preferably intra-muscular and subcutaneous administration or more preferably oral administration. In particular when component b) is present, the pharmaceutical composition is preferably used for parenteral administration.

i~9~, The pharmaceutical compositions acco'rding to the invention may be formulated with or without further exi-pients.
In particular solubilizing a~ents and solvents may be present in a concentration of up to 60~ of the total com-position, if desired, in order to attain a satisfactory concentration of peptide.
i) Ethanol may be used as a further solubilizing agent/
solvent, particularly when the component a), b) or c) pre-sent is in solid form. The ethanol content by weight maybe''for example 2 to 5~ for parenteral compositions and 1 to 20% for oral compositions, calculated on the total compo-sitio~. ' ii) For a parenteral composltion, an alternative further solubilizin~ agent/solvent is a benzoic acid benzyl ester.
This may be present ~t from 5 to~40%~of by weight of the total composition.
iii) A vegetable oil, such as olive oil or co~n oil, may be present in both oral and parehteral compositions as a vehicle. The vegetable oil content by weight may be for example from 35 to 60 %, calculated on the total composition.
iv) For emulsions for drinking, preferably agent a) and/or c) as defined above is present as well as a lecithin such as soya lecithin. Such emulsions may contain from 20% to 80% by weight water and contain eth~anol as a solubilizing agent / solvent.

..._._ ~

v) For oral pellets, it is preferred to use a solid or semi-solid component a), b) or c), espec:ially component c). Colloidal silicic acid, sugar, and microc~ystalline cellulose are sultable excipients.

The properties of the compositions according to the invention may be determined in conventional manner. The sta bility of solutions particularly against crystallization-out of the active agent may be determined using known tests.
Tolerability of injection forms may be de~ermined by ob-serving the extent of bleeding and inflammations after in-jection, e.g. into thighs of rabbits and rhesus monkeys, andthe time taken for these to heal, as well as by using other usual tolerability tests.
The ~sorption of the pharmacologically active pep-tide, e.g rapid onset of a satisfactory concentration of the peptide in the blood, and a high total absorption of the peptide over 24 hours, is indicated in standard tests.
In one test a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is administered to rabbits, rats, dogs or rhesus monkeys orally, intramuscularly or subcutaneously, at a dose of from 2 to 600 mg/kg animal body weight of active peptide. Blood serum samples and urine samples are taken at regular intervals thereafter, e.g. every hour, and are analysed for the concentration of peptide therein in con-ventional manner.
For example the pharmacological activity in a sample may be ascertained in conventional manner according to known tests. In the case of cyclosporin A the effect of the peptide present in inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation may be ascer-tained. ~'hus the blood serum is collected at regular inter-vals after administration, and is added at a concentration of from 0.3 to 10~ to a mouse in vitro spleen oell--suspension in whlch lymphocyte proliferation is induced by Concavalin A over a 72 hour culture period. 3H-thymidine is then added and the thymidine incorporation after r~ 24 hours ls mea8ured to indicate the lymphocyte proliferation.
If desired,the peptide may be administered in radio-active form. For example in the case of the cyclosporins, in one experiment 100 mg of H-labelled cyclospor~n A (pre-pared hy cultivation of the known strain Tolypocladium inflatum Gams NRRL 8044 in the presence of methionine marked wlth tritlum in the SCH3 group thereofJ contained in a phar-maceutical composition according to the invention in the form of a drinking solution, or in a capsule,is administered perorally, or in the form of an injection solution is admini-stered intramuscularly, to male bea~le dogs. Blood samplesare obtained from each dog every 5 minutes after admini-"

11;~9~
_ 11_ 100-4983 stration up to 1 hour after administration and thereafter every hour thereafter up to 8 hours after ad~inistration.
The urine is collected also. Determination of the radio-activity in the blood and in the urine indicates the peptide absorption.
The amount of peptide to be administered in the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention wlll naturally depend upon the mode of administration, the effect desired and the condition to be treated.
In general the amount of peptiae to be administered in a pharmaceutical composition accoxding to invention will be of the same order to that administered by the same route in other pharmace~tical compositions.
In the case of the cyclosporins, the amounts to be 15 adm~nistered for a therapeutically effective amount are well-known, When using compositions according to the in-vention a dally dose of from about 3 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg i~ indicated in order to treat chronic inflammations or to provoke an immunosuppressive effect.
The following examples illustrate the invention.
All temperatures are in degrees Centigrade.

11;~9~7 _ 12 - 100-4983 . .
EXAMPLE 1: Drink Solution ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 mg of cyclosporin A are dissolved on stirring in 1 ml of a mixture of Labrafil M 1944 CS and ethanol (parts by weight 40:15) at 25. 0.4 ml of olive oil or corn oil are added. The resultant mixture is filtered and filled into a small vial.
The final solution contains for every 10 parts by weight of Labrafil; 3 parts by weight of cyclosporin A, 3 parts by weight of ethanol and 5 parts by weight of olive 10 oil or corn oil.
EXAMPLE 2: Parenteral forms for i.m. and s.c.administr~tion 100 mg of cyclosporin A are dissolved on stirring in a mixture of 40 mg ethanol and 0.5 ml Miglyol 812 at 25C~ The mixture is finally made up to 1 ml with Miglyol 15 812 and filled under sterile conditions into ar~ ampoule.
The final solution contains for every 10 part:s by weight of Miglyol 812, 1 part by weight of cyclosporin A.
EXA~IPLE 3: Parenteral forms for i.m. and s.c. administratinn _ 100 mg of cyclosporin A are dissolved on stirring 20 in a mixtuxe of 40 mg ethanol, 100 mg Labrafil M 1944 CS
and 200 mg Miglyol 812 at 25.~ The resulting mixture is made up to 1 ml with olive oil and iilled under sterile conditions into an ampoule.
The final solution contains for every 10 parts by 25 weight of Miglyol 812, 5 part~ ky weight each of cyclos-porin A and Labrafil and 25 parts by weight of olive oil.

. .

il;~9~
_ 13 _ 100-49B3 EXAMPLE 4: Parenteral form for i.m.and s.c. admlnistration 200 mg of cyclosporin A are dissolved in a mixture of 400 mg benzoic acid benzyl ester and 0.3 ml Miglyol 812 at 25. The resultant mixture is made up to 1 ml with Miglyol 812 and fllled under sterile conditions-into an ampoule.
The final solution contains for every 10 parts by weight of Miglyol 812, 6 parts by weight of cyclosporin A.
EX~MPLE 5: Parenter_1 form for i.m. and_s.c.ad~inistratio_ 200 mg of cyclosporin A are dissolved on stirring in a mixture of 50 mg ethanol, 300 mg Labrafil M 1944 CS and 0.3 ml' Miglyol 812 at 25. The resultant solutlon is made up to 1 ml with Miglyol 812 and filled under sterile condi-tions into an ampoule.
The final solution contains for every 10 part~ by weight of Miglyol 812, 7 parts by weight of Labrafil and 5 parts by weight of cyclosporin A.
EXAMPLE 6: Capsules for oral adm_nistration 200 mg of cyclosporin A are dissolved on stirring in a mixture of 600 mg glycerol mono-oleate and 30 mg ethanol at 30. The final solution is encapsulated in a soft gelatine capsule.
Ca~sules for oral administration 400 mg of cyclosporin A are dlssolved on stirring in 600 mg glycerol mono-oleate at 40, and encapsulated ln a soft gelatine capsule.

Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a cyclosporin as active ingredient and a carrier comprising at least one of the following components:
a) a trans-esterification product of a natural or hydrogenated vegetable oil triglyceride and a polyalkylene polyol;
b) a saturated fatty acid triglyceride; and c) a mono- or di-glyceride.

2. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of cyclosporin A, dihydrocyclosporin C, cyclosporin D and dihydrocyclosporin D.

3. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the carrier comprises component a) together with x) a vegetable oil and y) ethanol.

4. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein the active ingredient is cyclosporin A.

5. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein component a) is a trans-esterification product of two molar parts of a natural vegetable oil tri-glyceride and one molar part of a polyethylene glycol of MW 200 to 800.

6. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein component a) is a trans-esterification product of two molar parts of kernel oil and one molar part of a polyethylene glycol of MW 200 to 800.

7. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein component a) is a polyoxyethylated kernel oil mixture, having a density of D20 = 0.940-0.965, an acid number 2, an iodine number = 60-90, a saponification number = 145-175 and a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (H.L.B.) = 4.

8. A pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 2, 3 or 7, wherein x) is olive oil or corn oil.

9. A pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 2, 3 or 7, wherein x) is olive oil.

10. A pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 2, 3 or 7, wherein the ratio of component a) to cyclosporin is 10:0.2 to 10 parts by weight.

11. A pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 2, 3 or 7, wherein the ratio of component a) to cyclosporin is 10:1 to 7 parts by weight.

12. A pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 2, 3 or 7, wherein x) and y) together are present in an amount of up to 60% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

13. A pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 2, 3 or 7, comprising at least 35% by weight of x), based on the total weight of the composition.

14. Composition according to claim 3, formulated as solution for oral administration.

15. Composition according to claim 14, comprising 1 to 20% by weight of y), based on the total weight of the composition.

16. Composition according to claim 3, formulated as solu-tion for parenteral administration.

17. Composition according to claim 16 for i.m. or s.c.
administration.

18. Composition according to claim 16 or 17, comprising 2 to 5% by weight of y), based on the total weight of the composition.