CA1141073A - Resilient starch graft polymer - polyhydric alcohol product - Google Patents
Resilient starch graft polymer - polyhydric alcohol productInfo
- Publication number
- CA1141073A CA1141073A CA000354323A CA354323A CA1141073A CA 1141073 A CA1141073 A CA 1141073A CA 000354323 A CA000354323 A CA 000354323A CA 354323 A CA354323 A CA 354323A CA 1141073 A CA1141073 A CA 1141073A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- resilient
- polyhydric alcohol
- starch graft
- glycerol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/60—Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
Abstract
RESILIENT STARCH GRAFT POLYMER
POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOL PRODUCT
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A starch-hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer dispersed in polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol combines to form a resilient, soft, shock absorbent type material after heating. The material is useful for seat pads, artificial limb pads, toys and other applications where resilient, soft, shock absorbent materials find utility.
POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOL PRODUCT
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A starch-hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer dispersed in polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol combines to form a resilient, soft, shock absorbent type material after heating. The material is useful for seat pads, artificial limb pads, toys and other applications where resilient, soft, shock absorbent materials find utility.
Description
~L4~ 3 This invention relates to a resilient starch graft polymer-polyhydric alcohol product. A resilient, soft, shock absorbent type mate-rial is formed by heating a mixture of a starch-hydrolyzed polyacrylo-nitrile copolymer dispersed in a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerol. m e material is useful for seat pads, artificial limb pads, toys and other applications where resilient, soft, shock absorbent or foam like type mate-rials find utility.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTICN
Starch-hydrolyzed polyacxylonitrile graft copolymers exhibiting the capacity to absorb fmm about 300 to 1000 times their weight of deionized water are known at this time. The development of these composi-tions was carried out by the Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Peoria, Illinois. me starch-hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer is pro-duced by exposure of starch, either gelatinized or ungelatinized, to a catalyst such as ceric ammonium nitrate which acts as a catalyst to generate free radicals in the starch chain. Polyacrylonitrile chains beco~e attached to these free radicals by copolymerizationO A wide range of substitution in these copolymers is known in the art. For example, U.S. Patent 3,935,099 and the divisional applications thereof, now U.S. Patents 3,981,100, 3,9B5,616, and 3,997,484, show the preparation of copolymers in which the starch to polyacrylonitriles molar ratios ran~e from 1:1.5 to 1:9. me variations in molar ratio of the components of the copolymer is not critical to the prac-tice of this invention. The resulting material is then saponified in sodium hydroxide to hydrolyze the polyacrylonitrile chains to carboxy amide and alkali metal carboxylate groups mixed with metal salts. Drying the hydrolyzed material can be acccmplished by tumble air drying or vacuum dry-ing. After drying, the material can absorb about 300 to 400 times its weight. Washing the copolymer before drying with alcohol increases its absorbency to 800 to 1000 times its weight.
These coolymers are now commercially available one of these being -1- ~
'~
sold under the trademark SGP by Henkel Corporation. In addition, the product is sometimes referred to as "Super Slurper". The copolymer can be made as film, flakes, p~der or mat. These forms take up water, swelling but not dissolving and hold it in expanded duplications of -their own dry shapes.
Films extend and thicken in all dimensions. Pow~ers become piles of water textured like crushed ice. A flake expands to a cle æ, angul æ piece of water. The swollen forms shrink in dilute acid, expand again in dilute alkali solution. They also shrink as they dry and expand again when absorb-ing water.
The copolymer, with these properties, can be mixed with or coated on a wide varietv of materials including, for example, sand, straw, sawdust, seeds and roots, natural or synthetic fibers, flour, gelatin, and starch.
It can hold water in soils, animal bedding and kitty litter, tGweling ard diapers, bandages, surgical pads, and dental absorbents.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has now been discovered that starch-hydrolyzed polyacrylo-nitrile graft copolymer when dispersed in a polyhydric alcohol, such as glycerol, oombines to form a resilient, soft, shock absorbent type material after heating. The product contains about 5% to 60% by weight of the starch graft copolymer and about 95% to 40% by weight of the polyhydric alcohol based on the total weight of graft copolymer and polyhydric alcohol~
DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND P~EFERKED EMBODIMENTS
. _ . . _ _ . .
The starch-hydrolyzed polyac~ylonitrile graft copolymers are well known and commercially available as indicated in the "Background of the Invention" above. In the examples to follow the product employed was the commercially available product SGP* 502S which is typically a dry powder having a moisture content in the range of about 3-6% by weight, a methanol content of about 1% by weight and a fluid absorbency of a 1% saline solution of about 80-90~. The pcwder is available in varying granulations, the granulation of the material used in the examples to follow being a -100 mesh.
*Trade Mark - 2 -~;f '73 me commercial product may also be d scribed generally as apolymer composed of a naturally occurring polymer (st æch) and a synthetic polymer (acrylamide and alkali metal acrylate). Proportions of starch and acrylic polymer are about 2:3 while the proportion of acrylate and acryl-amide æe about 3:1.
The polyhydric alcohols employed æe those commonly referred to as the sug æ alcohols which bear a close relationship ~o the simple sugars from which they are formed and from which their names are often derived. I~ese ; polyols contain straight carbon chains in which each carbon atom bears a hydroxyl group. me sugar alcohols may also be defined by the general formula:
HOCH2(CHOH)nCH2OH where n is 2-5~
kmong these alcohols æe glycerol, erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol and dulcitol with glycerol, erythritol, xylitol and sorbitol being most pre-ferred or desirable for the purposes of this invention.
Based on the total weight of the starch graft copolymer and the sugæ alcohol, the product will be prepared generally using about 5-60% of the starch graft copolymer and about 95-40% of the polyhydric alcohol. This will depend somewhat on the particulæ sug æ alcohol employed. More desir-ably about 10 to 40% starch graft copolymer and 90 to 60% sugar alcohol is employed wQth the preferred amounts being about 20% starch graft polymer and 80% sugar alcohol.
The prcduct is prepared by dispersing the starch graft polymer in a sugar alcohol, such as glycerol, in the desired weight ratio and heating above room temperature (about 23 C.) up to temperatures of 120&. A soft, resilient, though scmetlmes sticky, material results after heating which is useful for seat pads, artificial limb pads, toys and other applications where resilient, soft, shock absorbent or foam~like materials find utility.
In the following examples, all parts and percentages are b~ t~eight unless otherwise indicated.
';~
EXAMPLE I
Eighty (80) grams of glycerol was weighed into a 150 ml. beah2r to which was added 20 grams of a starch-hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer (SGP 502S). me copolymer and glycerol was stirred with a glass mLxing rod and the mixture plaoed in a forced air oven set at 80&. over-night. Upon initial mixing the mixture took on a greenish tint. After heat-ing the mLxture was a tought rubbery, sticky mass.
EXAMPLE II
In this example mixtures of varying amounts of the starch graft ccpolymer and glycerol were studied. Mixtures were prepared in beakers using a stirring rod as follows:
Sample Starch Copolymer Glycerin (grams) (grams)
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTICN
Starch-hydrolyzed polyacxylonitrile graft copolymers exhibiting the capacity to absorb fmm about 300 to 1000 times their weight of deionized water are known at this time. The development of these composi-tions was carried out by the Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Peoria, Illinois. me starch-hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer is pro-duced by exposure of starch, either gelatinized or ungelatinized, to a catalyst such as ceric ammonium nitrate which acts as a catalyst to generate free radicals in the starch chain. Polyacrylonitrile chains beco~e attached to these free radicals by copolymerizationO A wide range of substitution in these copolymers is known in the art. For example, U.S. Patent 3,935,099 and the divisional applications thereof, now U.S. Patents 3,981,100, 3,9B5,616, and 3,997,484, show the preparation of copolymers in which the starch to polyacrylonitriles molar ratios ran~e from 1:1.5 to 1:9. me variations in molar ratio of the components of the copolymer is not critical to the prac-tice of this invention. The resulting material is then saponified in sodium hydroxide to hydrolyze the polyacrylonitrile chains to carboxy amide and alkali metal carboxylate groups mixed with metal salts. Drying the hydrolyzed material can be acccmplished by tumble air drying or vacuum dry-ing. After drying, the material can absorb about 300 to 400 times its weight. Washing the copolymer before drying with alcohol increases its absorbency to 800 to 1000 times its weight.
These coolymers are now commercially available one of these being -1- ~
'~
sold under the trademark SGP by Henkel Corporation. In addition, the product is sometimes referred to as "Super Slurper". The copolymer can be made as film, flakes, p~der or mat. These forms take up water, swelling but not dissolving and hold it in expanded duplications of -their own dry shapes.
Films extend and thicken in all dimensions. Pow~ers become piles of water textured like crushed ice. A flake expands to a cle æ, angul æ piece of water. The swollen forms shrink in dilute acid, expand again in dilute alkali solution. They also shrink as they dry and expand again when absorb-ing water.
The copolymer, with these properties, can be mixed with or coated on a wide varietv of materials including, for example, sand, straw, sawdust, seeds and roots, natural or synthetic fibers, flour, gelatin, and starch.
It can hold water in soils, animal bedding and kitty litter, tGweling ard diapers, bandages, surgical pads, and dental absorbents.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has now been discovered that starch-hydrolyzed polyacrylo-nitrile graft copolymer when dispersed in a polyhydric alcohol, such as glycerol, oombines to form a resilient, soft, shock absorbent type material after heating. The product contains about 5% to 60% by weight of the starch graft copolymer and about 95% to 40% by weight of the polyhydric alcohol based on the total weight of graft copolymer and polyhydric alcohol~
DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND P~EFERKED EMBODIMENTS
. _ . . _ _ . .
The starch-hydrolyzed polyac~ylonitrile graft copolymers are well known and commercially available as indicated in the "Background of the Invention" above. In the examples to follow the product employed was the commercially available product SGP* 502S which is typically a dry powder having a moisture content in the range of about 3-6% by weight, a methanol content of about 1% by weight and a fluid absorbency of a 1% saline solution of about 80-90~. The pcwder is available in varying granulations, the granulation of the material used in the examples to follow being a -100 mesh.
*Trade Mark - 2 -~;f '73 me commercial product may also be d scribed generally as apolymer composed of a naturally occurring polymer (st æch) and a synthetic polymer (acrylamide and alkali metal acrylate). Proportions of starch and acrylic polymer are about 2:3 while the proportion of acrylate and acryl-amide æe about 3:1.
The polyhydric alcohols employed æe those commonly referred to as the sug æ alcohols which bear a close relationship ~o the simple sugars from which they are formed and from which their names are often derived. I~ese ; polyols contain straight carbon chains in which each carbon atom bears a hydroxyl group. me sugar alcohols may also be defined by the general formula:
HOCH2(CHOH)nCH2OH where n is 2-5~
kmong these alcohols æe glycerol, erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol and dulcitol with glycerol, erythritol, xylitol and sorbitol being most pre-ferred or desirable for the purposes of this invention.
Based on the total weight of the starch graft copolymer and the sugæ alcohol, the product will be prepared generally using about 5-60% of the starch graft copolymer and about 95-40% of the polyhydric alcohol. This will depend somewhat on the particulæ sug æ alcohol employed. More desir-ably about 10 to 40% starch graft copolymer and 90 to 60% sugar alcohol is employed wQth the preferred amounts being about 20% starch graft polymer and 80% sugar alcohol.
The prcduct is prepared by dispersing the starch graft polymer in a sugar alcohol, such as glycerol, in the desired weight ratio and heating above room temperature (about 23 C.) up to temperatures of 120&. A soft, resilient, though scmetlmes sticky, material results after heating which is useful for seat pads, artificial limb pads, toys and other applications where resilient, soft, shock absorbent or foam~like materials find utility.
In the following examples, all parts and percentages are b~ t~eight unless otherwise indicated.
';~
EXAMPLE I
Eighty (80) grams of glycerol was weighed into a 150 ml. beah2r to which was added 20 grams of a starch-hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer (SGP 502S). me copolymer and glycerol was stirred with a glass mLxing rod and the mixture plaoed in a forced air oven set at 80&. over-night. Upon initial mixing the mixture took on a greenish tint. After heat-ing the mLxture was a tought rubbery, sticky mass.
EXAMPLE II
In this example mixtures of varying amounts of the starch graft ccpolymer and glycerol were studied. Mixtures were prepared in beakers using a stirring rod as follows:
Sample Starch Copolymer Glycerin (grams) (grams)
2 40 160
3 60 140
4 ~0 120 All of the mixtures w2re heated to 90C. for 2 hours and allowed to cool to room tem~erature. Sample 1 settled out before it could set. m e material in the botbom of the beaker had the soft, resilient sticky character-istics. Samples 2, 3 and 4 were sticky, rubbery mats, sample 2 being the softest, stickiest and most resilient. Sample 4 was hard and barely sticky.
Sample 5 was a chunk of consolidated granules which could be broken up into sticky granules. Samples 6 and 7 were granular materials which tend to stick together and not flow. When placed in water it does not block but ab-sorbs slowly.
EXAMPLE III
One hundred (100) yrams of starch graft copolymer were added to 400 grams of glycerol in a l quart blender cup. To this was added 5 grams of paraformaldehyde (5% based on the starch copolymer). Agitation was con-J-:7 tinued until all ingredients were thoroughly mixed. The muxture was poured into a dish coated with a mold release ayent and placed in a foroe d air oven at 80 & . for 2 hours. m e product had the same pro~erties as that of Example I i.e. sticky and rubbery with slow hydration in water.
m e foregoing was repeated using 25 grams of p æ æ ormaldehyde.
After 2 hours at 80 & . the product was rubbery but had much less stretch and snapped if pulled too far. The product was placed in an oven at llo&. for 2 hours after which the oven was turned off and the product left overnight.
e next morning the product was a dense, smelly foam which had expanded in every dimension by an estimated 10-20%. When plaoed in water it absorbed without swelling and produced a transparent, oolorless, brittle gel.
,,~,
Sample 5 was a chunk of consolidated granules which could be broken up into sticky granules. Samples 6 and 7 were granular materials which tend to stick together and not flow. When placed in water it does not block but ab-sorbs slowly.
EXAMPLE III
One hundred (100) yrams of starch graft copolymer were added to 400 grams of glycerol in a l quart blender cup. To this was added 5 grams of paraformaldehyde (5% based on the starch copolymer). Agitation was con-J-:7 tinued until all ingredients were thoroughly mixed. The muxture was poured into a dish coated with a mold release ayent and placed in a foroe d air oven at 80 & . for 2 hours. m e product had the same pro~erties as that of Example I i.e. sticky and rubbery with slow hydration in water.
m e foregoing was repeated using 25 grams of p æ æ ormaldehyde.
After 2 hours at 80 & . the product was rubbery but had much less stretch and snapped if pulled too far. The product was placed in an oven at llo&. for 2 hours after which the oven was turned off and the product left overnight.
e next morning the product was a dense, smelly foam which had expanded in every dimension by an estimated 10-20%. When plaoed in water it absorbed without swelling and produced a transparent, oolorless, brittle gel.
,,~,
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A composition comprising a starch-hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer and a sugar alcohol, said starch graft copolymer being present in an amount of about 5-60% by weight based on the total weight of starch graft copolymer and sugar alcohol.
2. A composition as defined in claim 1 in which said starch graft polymer is present in an amount of about 20%.
3. A composition as defined in claim 1 in which said sugar alcohol has the general formula:
HOCH2 (CHOH)nCH2OH where n is 2-5.
HOCH2 (CHOH)nCH2OH where n is 2-5.
4. A composition as defined in claim 1 in which said sugar alcohol is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol and mannitol.
5. A composition as defined in claim 1 in which said sugar alcohol is glycerol.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/083,128 US4282121A (en) | 1979-10-09 | 1979-10-09 | Resilient starch graft polymer polyhydric alcohol product |
| US083,128 | 1993-06-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1141073A true CA1141073A (en) | 1983-02-08 |
Family
ID=22176368
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000354323A Expired CA1141073A (en) | 1979-10-09 | 1980-06-18 | Resilient starch graft polymer - polyhydric alcohol product |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4282121A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0026988A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5659858A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6047480A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1141073A (en) |
Families Citing this family (42)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GR75732B (en) * | 1980-08-25 | 1984-08-02 | Johnson & Johnson | |
| US4467012A (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1984-08-21 | Grain Processing Corporation | Composition for absorbent film and method of preparation |
| US4412036A (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1983-10-25 | Grain Processing Corporation | Composition for absorbent film and method and preparation |
| JPS58180233A (en) * | 1982-04-19 | 1983-10-21 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd | Absorbing agent |
| JPS58183754A (en) * | 1982-04-20 | 1983-10-27 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | Water absorbing resin composition |
| DE3226753A1 (en) * | 1982-07-14 | 1984-01-19 | Schering AG, 1000 Berlin und 4709 Bergkamen | Wound bandage to take up wound secretions |
| DE3226754A1 (en) * | 1982-07-14 | 1984-01-19 | Schering AG, 1000 Berlin und 4709 Bergkamen | Wound bandage to take up wound secretions |
| US4558091A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1985-12-10 | Grain Processing Corporation | Method for preparing aluminum and polyhydric alcohol modified liquid absorbing composition |
| US4734478A (en) * | 1984-07-02 | 1988-03-29 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Water absorbing agent |
| US5082719A (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1992-01-21 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Water resistant communications cable |
| US4815813A (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-03-28 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Water resistant communications cable |
| US4867526A (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-09-19 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Water resistant communications cable |
| US4839450A (en) * | 1987-11-17 | 1989-06-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Moisture-shrinkable films from starch graft copolymers |
| WO1989007633A1 (en) * | 1988-02-18 | 1989-08-24 | John Kenneth Bethune | Absorbent polymer compositions |
| US4909592A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1990-03-20 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Communication cable having water blocking provisions in core |
| US5230959A (en) | 1989-03-20 | 1993-07-27 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Coated fiber product with adhered super absorbent particles |
| US5149334A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1992-09-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent articles containing interparticle crosslinked aggregates |
| US5124188A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1992-06-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructures and methods of making the same |
| US5180622A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1993-01-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent members containing interparticle crosslinked aggregates |
| US5492962A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1996-02-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for producing compositions containing interparticle crosslinked aggregates |
| US5300565A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1994-04-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions containing interparticle crosslinked aggregates |
| US5807364A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1998-09-15 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Binder treated fibrous webs and products |
| US6340411B1 (en) | 1992-08-17 | 2002-01-22 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Fibrous product containing densifying agent |
| US5300192A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1994-04-05 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Wet laid fiber sheet manufacturing with reactivatable binders for binding particles to fibers |
| US5998032A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1999-12-07 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method and compositions for enhancing blood absorbence by superabsorbent materials |
| US5589256A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1996-12-31 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Particle binders that enhance fiber densification |
| US5543215A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1996-08-06 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Polymeric binders for binding particles to fibers |
| ES2182830T3 (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 2003-03-16 | Weyerhaeuser Co | METHOD OF UNION OF PARTICLES TO FIBERS. |
| US5352480A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1994-10-04 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method for binding particles to fibers using reactivatable binders |
| US5641561A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1997-06-24 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Particle binding to fibers |
| US6391453B1 (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 2002-05-21 | Weyernaeuser Company | Binder treated particles |
| US5547541A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1996-08-20 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method for densifying fibers using a densifying agent |
| US5538783A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1996-07-23 | Hansen; Michael R. | Non-polymeric organic binders for binding particles to fibers |
| US5308896A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1994-05-03 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Particle binders for high bulk fibers |
| US7144474B1 (en) | 1992-08-17 | 2006-12-05 | Weyerhaeuser Co. | Method of binding particles to binder treated fibers |
| US5272181A (en) * | 1992-11-18 | 1993-12-21 | Evergreen Solutions, Inc. | Biodegradable expanded foam material |
| US5536264A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1996-07-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent composites comprising a porous macrostructure of absorbent gelling particles and a substrate |
| US5868724A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1999-02-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Non-continuous absorbent cores comprising a porous macrostructure of absorbent gelling particles |
| US5713881A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1998-02-03 | Rezai; Ebrahim | Non-continuous absorbent composites comprising a porous macrostructure of absorbent gelling particles and a substrate |
| US5372766A (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1994-12-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Flexible, porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructures and methods of making the same |
| US5985434A (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-11-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent foam |
| US5948829A (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-09-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for preparing an absorbent foam |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3952347A (en) * | 1973-12-13 | 1976-04-27 | Personal Products Company | Biodegradable barrier film and absorbent pad utilizing same |
| US4172058A (en) * | 1976-01-29 | 1979-10-23 | Hall J Marion | Chemical process and substance for inhibition of fluid evaporation |
| US4072640A (en) * | 1976-01-29 | 1978-02-07 | Instituto Venezolano De Investigaciones Cientificas | Copolymerization of vinyl monomers with cellulose and starch in copper ammonium solutions |
-
1979
- 1979-10-09 US US06/083,128 patent/US4282121A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-06-18 CA CA000354323A patent/CA1141073A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-17 AU AU60474/80A patent/AU6047480A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1980-08-04 JP JP10647180A patent/JPS5659858A/en active Pending
- 1980-09-10 EP EP80303184A patent/EP0026988A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5659858A (en) | 1981-05-23 |
| AU6047480A (en) | 1981-04-16 |
| EP0026988A1 (en) | 1981-04-15 |
| US4282121A (en) | 1981-08-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |