CA1169744A - Compositions able to separate the erythrocytes from the serum or plasma in blood analysis samples and the method which uses them - Google Patents
Compositions able to separate the erythrocytes from the serum or plasma in blood analysis samples and the method which uses themInfo
- Publication number
- CA1169744A CA1169744A CA000381976A CA381976A CA1169744A CA 1169744 A CA1169744 A CA 1169744A CA 000381976 A CA000381976 A CA 000381976A CA 381976 A CA381976 A CA 381976A CA 1169744 A CA1169744 A CA 1169744A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- parts
- weight
- specific gravity
- erythrocytes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5002—Partitioning blood components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D43/00—Separating particles from liquids, or liquids from solids, otherwise than by sedimentation or filtration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
- G01N33/49—Blood
- G01N33/491—Blood by separating the blood components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Compositions based on polydimethylsiloxane and physiologically inert powdered polymers, which are able to create a sharp separation layer between the erythrocytes and the serum or plasma during the centrifuging of blood samples for medical analyses.
Compositions based on polydimethylsiloxane and physiologically inert powdered polymers, which are able to create a sharp separation layer between the erythrocytes and the serum or plasma during the centrifuging of blood samples for medical analyses.
Description
~97~
Thi~ invention relete~ to compo~itions capable of forming a hi~hly effective ~eparation lsyer between the lsyer of erythrocytes which precipitste~ and possibly coazulates during blood ce~trifuging, and the layer of plasma or EerUm which float~ on it.
The invention ~lso relste~ to a hishly effectiYe method of separating the erythrocytes from the plasma or blood by centrifuging, us~ng the compositions accordirg to the invention a~ the separation medium.
It i~ well known that although in recent years many ~uto~atic and ~emi-automatic devices have been designed for accelerating the chemical analy~i6 of the blood, the initial prepar~tion of the ~amples is alway~ carried out in the ~a~e Danner by pouring the withdrawm blood into a Euitable sample tube, centrifuging the sample snd deGanting the cupernatant layer of ~erum or pla~ma.
.
HoweYer, during thi~ fir~t decantation it is impossible to completely ~eparate the erythrocytes fro~ thc supernanant, ~o that it i~ necessary to ~ubject it to further centrifucing and : ~gain collect the ~erum or pla~m~ for analy~
.
.-.
9~7~
Thi~ invention relete~ to compo~itions capable of forming a hi~hly effective ~eparation lsyer between the lsyer of erythrocytes which precipitste~ and possibly coazulates during blood ce~trifuging, and the layer of plasma or EerUm which float~ on it.
The invention ~lso relste~ to a hishly effectiYe method of separating the erythrocytes from the plasma or blood by centrifuging, us~ng the compositions accordirg to the invention a~ the separation medium.
It i~ well known that although in recent years many ~uto~atic and ~emi-automatic devices have been designed for accelerating the chemical analy~i6 of the blood, the initial prepar~tion of the ~amples is alway~ carried out in the ~a~e Danner by pouring the withdrawm blood into a Euitable sample tube, centrifuging the sample snd deGanting the cupernatant layer of ~erum or pla~ma.
.
HoweYer, during thi~ fir~t decantation it is impossible to completely ~eparate the erythrocytes fro~ thc supernanant, ~o that it i~ necessary to ~ubject it to further centrifucing and : ~gain collect the ~erum or pla~m~ for analy~
.
.-.
9~7~
- 2 -Such a method is ~ery long, in that the centrifu~in~ 6ta~e is slow, and the pourin operations, which are c~rried out ~anually, ~ust be effected carefully ard slowly in order to prevent ~pillage of the samples and consequent contamination thereof or con'amination of the operator. Iioreover9 double centrifuging necessarily implies a considerable loss of analysis m~terial. This is al60 a considerable drawback in that under certair technical conditions such as small-quantity withdrawals or withdrawalO from children it i5 necessary to obtain the maximum possible quantity of ~erum or plasma uncontaminated by erythrocytes for analy6i6. Thus, in Oreneral, because of the large number of blood analy~is test6 required ~t the present time, it is always nece6sary to obtain the maximu~ possible quantity of serum or plasma from a blood sample, in order to svoid having to make large-quantity withdrawals.
It ha~ now been found th2t it iB possible to preload into the centrifuging sample tube, or to add to it when required a composition which ic a mixture of substances able to form a sharp separation layer between the erythrocytes and the serum or plasma, so allowing separation of the ~upernanant to be analysed in a single centrifuging and decanting operation, and thus with a considerable saving of time and material.
In addition, the composition present in the blood 6a~ple during centrifu~ing exerts a certain filtration sction on it by entraining the macromolecular fragments and possible particles present thereinD Clear 6amples are thu6 obtained, which enable the analyses to be carried out under the best stan~3rd condition~0 In reality, the known art already posses6es separ~tion-35 filtration de~ice6 for blood ~n~lysis ~:a=ples, bnt Done of .
It ha~ now been found th2t it iB possible to preload into the centrifuging sample tube, or to add to it when required a composition which ic a mixture of substances able to form a sharp separation layer between the erythrocytes and the serum or plasma, so allowing separation of the ~upernanant to be analysed in a single centrifuging and decanting operation, and thus with a considerable saving of time and material.
In addition, the composition present in the blood 6a~ple during centrifu~ing exerts a certain filtration sction on it by entraining the macromolecular fragments and possible particles present thereinD Clear 6amples are thu6 obtained, which enable the analyses to be carried out under the best stan~3rd condition~0 In reality, the known art already posses6es separ~tion-35 filtration de~ice6 for blood ~n~lysis ~:a=ples, bnt Done of .
- 3 -the~e has really con~tituted a ~olution to the problem.
~irstly, in all cD6e~ the co~t of the device represent6 a considerable proportion of total cost~, and the ti~e ne~essary for the further manual operation of in6erting the device into the sample tube increases the total ti e, the le~g*h and delicacy of thi6 operation varying with the type of device. Secondly~ in addition to giving i~pe~fect results because of the difficulty in exactly controlling their density, all the ~eparating fluid~ used up to the present time inside the device6 have 6hown a tendency to leave frag~ents or droplet~ in the ~erum or pla6ma, ~ich tend to c106 the an~lysi~ instruments.
The blood separation-filtr~tion compositions ~ccording to the present inventior. ~re con~tituted es~entially by the following component6:
(a ~ a polydimethylsiloxane hav~ng ~ vi~cosity of between 5000 c6t and 60,ooo c~t, ~nd a density of betwee~ o.965 ~nd 0.980 g~c ~
(b)- a chemically and phy6iologically iner~ ~acromolecular subst~nce ground to ~ particle ~ize of between 0.200 and 450~u, ~nd havin~ ~ ~pecific 6ravity of between 1.30 and 1.80, ~nd selected from the group consi~ting of polyolefin re6ins, polyvinyl resi~, fluori~ated polyolefin8 ~nd polyester re6in~.
The com~onent (~) con6titutes the bs~i6 of the ~eparati~
layer~ while the macro lecular 6ub~tance ~erves to ad~ust the density of the DOmpositiOn to the required value in orAer ~o 3o give it a con6istency which cnn ~ary within ~ wide rap~e according to the method u6ed for it~ introduction into the ~ample tube. In ~dditio~g the re6in &ive6 the composition itB
riltration power.
~he choice of polymer particle ~ze i~ o determ~ned by the ~utusl 7~
_ 4 --co~patibility, in that there must be no absorption of oil iD
the resin.
The particle size of the polymer ~l~o influences the uniformity of the product, so that smaller particle Gizes give more uniform paste~.
In sddition to these basic component~, the mixtures can also comprise components which are non-essenti~l but sometimes u~eful, namely:
(c ~ a fluid polyisobutylene haYing a Yi~CoSity of between 0.30 and 250 poises and a density of between o.833 and o.889 ~cm3 (d)_ amorphous microni6ed silica havirg a primary particle 6ize f bet~een 5 ard 3 nm~ an apparent density of about 30_80 ~1 and a ~pecific gravity of 2.15.
It ha~ been found that the polyisobutylene can partly replace the silicone oil. The ~eparation ard filtration power of the mixture i~ reduced sli~htly, but there i6 a considerable ~avin~ from the economical ~iewpoint.
The ~icronised ~ilica ha6 the 6peci~ic effect of conferrir.
thi~otropic properties on tho~e compositions which do not possess them~ or of improving them in those composition~
which already po6sess them.
`:
HoweYer, it ha~ been found that beyond ~ certain li it the thixotropic agent does not further increase the thixotropic propertie6 of the mixture, but instead cau~es a ~ ht mixture densification~
.
The m~croni~ed ~lica al60 influence~ the ~nifor~ity of the ~ixtures.
In the c~e of composition based on fluorinated polymer~ the use of the ~ilica enable~ a polydimethyls~loxane of lower ~olecular wei~ht to be used~ for equDl polymer~ u~ed.
The new mixture~ according to the invention mus~ in sll caae6 ha~e a ~pecific grDYit~ 0~ between loO10 and 1.100~ and 8 con~i~tency varying from fluid wax to ~olid paraffin.
They can be used by preloading them into the a~alysis ~ample tubes before they are made up~ pos6ibly together with small quantities of anticoagulant. In ~uch a ca6e the composition must be of comp~ct consistency ~nd of con~iderable thixotropic power. Alternatively, the composition can be added to the ~ample tubes at the time of ~naly~is, and ~n ~uch ~ ca6e it I-~ is preferable for them to be of more ~luid con~istency~
It is also possible to u5e p~rticularly compact composition for 6ealing the ~ample tubes containing t~e blood to be analy~ed, and for pre~erving them in a reliable manner free from any risk of contami~ation until the time for their ~n~lysi~.
an centrifuging5 the mixture become~ fluid snd ~lide~ into the sample tube to form the sep~ration layer.
The quantity of composition necessary for each analysis varies~
according to ~t~ particular ~sture. ~owever~ only ~ery 6mall quantitie~ of between 0.5 s~d 2 grams are necessary.
.
The ~eparation-filtration composition acts after 6-8 minutes of centrifuging.
~
~ome non-limiti~g illustr~tive example~ ~re give~ hereinafter in order to :illustrat~ the present invention.
Ex~n~le 1 - Binar~ co~po~ition with polyolefin re~i~
_ ~iliconeoil of 5000 c~t 74.5 parts by ~ei~ht den~ity d.g7 ~c~
_ 6 --- polyethylene filled with TiO2 ~round to a particle size of ~ 400 ~, specific gravity 1.38 25.5 parts by weight These are mixed in a mixer for some minutes.
consistent white paste haYing a specific gravity of 1.045 and thixotropic properties is obtained, which can be used equally ~lell either by preloading into the ssmple analysis tubes or by adding when required.
It hss excellent separation and filtration power and gives a clear serum or plasma which is completely free from frag-ments or threads of paste.
Equally valid results are obtained when using a silicone oil of lZ,500 cst instead of 5000 cst.
In ~11 cgses~ about 1.5 g of product per analysis are sufficient.
~xample 2 - ~inary composition with vinyl resin - silicone oil of 5000 cst density 0.97 g/cm3 75 parts oy weight - PVC ground to a particle size of ~400/u specific gravity 1.41 25 parts by weight After mixing in a mixer for some minutes, an almost translucent consistent psste is obtained of specific gravity 1.050 and possessing thixotropic properties, and which can be either preloaded into the sample tube or added at the time of analysis.
A qu3ntity of between 1.2 and 1.5 grgms is used, in all cases giving an excellent separation and filtration effect.
, .
~ 7 -am~le 3 _ Binary com~osition with vinyl resin.
- silicone oil of 12,500 cst, density 0.97 g~cm3 75 parts bg we~ght - PVC ground to an average particle size of 1-5/u specific gravity 1.41, apparent density 0.33 ~ml 25 parts by weight A fluid white paste having a specific gravity of 1.052 is obtained, ana can be used with excellent results, especially if poured into the sample tube at the time of use.
If the silicone oil in said composition is replaced by an oil of 30,000 cs~, a more consistent paste is obtained with a still better separation and filtration powerO If - however a silicone oil of 5000 cst is used, the results are decidedly unsatisfactory.
If the po~ldered PVC is replaced in the given composition by another having particles of average aiameter 29/u, apparent density 0.49 ~cm3 and specific gravity 1.041, the effective-ness of the paste obtained is reduced decidedly.
The same happens if a PVC of average particle size 15~u is used.
Exam~le 4 - Binary composition with fluorinated polymer.
- silicone oil of 30,000 cst density 0.97 g/cm3 84 parts by weight - polyvinylidene fluoride of average particle size 0.250~u specific gravity 1.7, apparent density 0.2 ~/cm3 16 parts by weight . _ . . . . . . ...
8 ~
After mixing, a translucent galatinous paste of specific gravity 1.042 is obtained, which gives excellent performance under all application conditions.
The greater cost of this composition due to the greater cost of the fluorinated polymer with respect to the polgethylene and PVC is compens~ted by the fact that it is 50 effective as to enable smaller quantities to be used than in the case of the preceding compositions.
0.9-1 are sufficient for a normal analysis sample tube, in comparison with the 1.2-1.5 grams of the compositions of the preceding examples.
~ denser but equally effective paste is obtained by using a silicone oil of 60,000 cst in the same proportions.
.
Example 5 - Ternary composition with vinyl polymer.
- silicone oil of 12,500 cst 80 parts by weight density 0.97 g~cm3 - powdered PVC with particle diameter 29 specific gravity 1.41, apparent density 0.49 g~cm3 17 parts by weight _ micronised silica of apparent density 60 g/l 3 parts by weight A white paste similar to cream is obtained with strong thixotropic properties and specific gravity 1.042, which gave good results under all conditions of application, except at the highest centrifuging speeds.
On using a PVC having a particle size firstly of 15~u and then of 1-5 ~, the results were increasingly less good.
Example 6 _ Ternary composition with vinyl polymer.
' . .
.~ ~
.
7~x _ 9 _ - silicone oil of 30,000 cst 80.5 parts by weight density 0.97 g/cm3 - powdered PVC of average particle size 29~u specific grsvity 1.41, apparent density 0.49 ~cm3 16 parts by weighk - micronised silica of apparent density 60 g/l 3.5 parts by weight This paste was particularly effective at high centrifuging speeds.
Using the same ingredients a formulation having the following composition was attempted:
- silicone oil 82 parts by weight - PVC 13 parts by weight _ micronised silica 5 parts by weight but the thixot'ropic properties were so bad as to make its application very limited.
Example ? - Ternary composition with fluorinated polymer _ silicone oil of 5000 cst 84 parts by weight density 0.97 g/cm3 - polyvinylidene fluoride of average particle size 0.250~u specific gravity 1.7, apparent density 0.2 g~cm315 parts by weight - micronisea silica of apparent density 60 g/l 1 part by weight A slightly gelatinous translucent paste of specific gravity 1.042 is obtained, which gives optimum results even ~rhen used in a quantity less than 1 gram.
E~a~ple 8 _ Ternary composition comprising polyisobutylene 35 - silicone oil of 12,500 cst 70 parts by ~reight density 0.97 g/cm3 . _ . . .. . .. . .. ..... . . . . .. . . ... . . . . .
'74~
- polyisobutylene of specific gravity o.833 30 parts by weight _ PVC of average particle size 1-5 specific gravity 1141, apparent density 0.33 g~cm3 50 parts by weight A white paste of medium consistency is obtained having a specific gravity of 1.044.
The efficiency is good under all experimental conditions, but not better than that obtained using only silicone oil.
Howevert in comparison to those compositions using only silicone oil, this type of formulation has the advantage of a decidedly lower cost.
3xample 9 - Ternary composition with polyvinylidene fluoride - silicone oil 5000 cst 80.5 parts by weight density 0.97 g~cm3 - polyvinylidene fluoride of average particle size 0.250 specific gravity 1.7, apparent density 0.2 ~cm3 14 parts by weight - micronised silica of apparent density 60 g/l 5~5 parts by weight .
A highly gelatinous compact translucent composition is obtained of specific gravity 1.063.
~Jhen applied by a suitable spatula to the mou~h of the ssmple tube, this composition creates a hermetic seal ,~hich during centrifuging becomes fluid and runs into the sample tube to form the separating bsffle between the layer of erythrocytes ana the serum.
.~ .
F ~ ,3 7~
Both the se31ing of the sample tube and the filtr~tion ~nd separation functions were excellent.
Example 10 - ~ernary composition ~lith polyester resin - silicone oil of 12~500 cst 70 parts by weight densit~ 0.97 ~cm3 - polycarbonate ground to a particle size o~ 50 ~
specific gravity 1.20 26~5 parts by -~eight - micronised silica of apparent density 60 g/l 3.5 parts by weight An almost translucent consistent paste is obtained which behaves well in tests ~rhen using a quantity of about 1.~ g.
All the composition~ of the preceding examples were subjected to rapid artificial ageing by placing them in an environment temperature_controlled at 58C for times of 2h7 24h and 48h.
No special difference was noted in the aged pastes except for a slight loss of thixotropic properties and a slight lass of coherence in those compositions comprising silicone oil of the lowest density and powdered polymer of the highest particle size.
Furthermore~ all the compositions prepared and tried were found to be absolutely inert from the chemical and physio-logical aspects.
_ .. . .. , .... . .. ,. _ . ... . ,, .... _ _
~irstly, in all cD6e~ the co~t of the device represent6 a considerable proportion of total cost~, and the ti~e ne~essary for the further manual operation of in6erting the device into the sample tube increases the total ti e, the le~g*h and delicacy of thi6 operation varying with the type of device. Secondly~ in addition to giving i~pe~fect results because of the difficulty in exactly controlling their density, all the ~eparating fluid~ used up to the present time inside the device6 have 6hown a tendency to leave frag~ents or droplet~ in the ~erum or pla6ma, ~ich tend to c106 the an~lysi~ instruments.
The blood separation-filtr~tion compositions ~ccording to the present inventior. ~re con~tituted es~entially by the following component6:
(a ~ a polydimethylsiloxane hav~ng ~ vi~cosity of between 5000 c6t and 60,ooo c~t, ~nd a density of betwee~ o.965 ~nd 0.980 g~c ~
(b)- a chemically and phy6iologically iner~ ~acromolecular subst~nce ground to ~ particle ~ize of between 0.200 and 450~u, ~nd havin~ ~ ~pecific 6ravity of between 1.30 and 1.80, ~nd selected from the group consi~ting of polyolefin re6ins, polyvinyl resi~, fluori~ated polyolefin8 ~nd polyester re6in~.
The com~onent (~) con6titutes the bs~i6 of the ~eparati~
layer~ while the macro lecular 6ub~tance ~erves to ad~ust the density of the DOmpositiOn to the required value in orAer ~o 3o give it a con6istency which cnn ~ary within ~ wide rap~e according to the method u6ed for it~ introduction into the ~ample tube. In ~dditio~g the re6in &ive6 the composition itB
riltration power.
~he choice of polymer particle ~ze i~ o determ~ned by the ~utusl 7~
_ 4 --co~patibility, in that there must be no absorption of oil iD
the resin.
The particle size of the polymer ~l~o influences the uniformity of the product, so that smaller particle Gizes give more uniform paste~.
In sddition to these basic component~, the mixtures can also comprise components which are non-essenti~l but sometimes u~eful, namely:
(c ~ a fluid polyisobutylene haYing a Yi~CoSity of between 0.30 and 250 poises and a density of between o.833 and o.889 ~cm3 (d)_ amorphous microni6ed silica havirg a primary particle 6ize f bet~een 5 ard 3 nm~ an apparent density of about 30_80 ~1 and a ~pecific gravity of 2.15.
It ha~ been found that the polyisobutylene can partly replace the silicone oil. The ~eparation ard filtration power of the mixture i~ reduced sli~htly, but there i6 a considerable ~avin~ from the economical ~iewpoint.
The ~icronised ~ilica ha6 the 6peci~ic effect of conferrir.
thi~otropic properties on tho~e compositions which do not possess them~ or of improving them in those composition~
which already po6sess them.
`:
HoweYer, it ha~ been found that beyond ~ certain li it the thixotropic agent does not further increase the thixotropic propertie6 of the mixture, but instead cau~es a ~ ht mixture densification~
.
The m~croni~ed ~lica al60 influence~ the ~nifor~ity of the ~ixtures.
In the c~e of composition based on fluorinated polymer~ the use of the ~ilica enable~ a polydimethyls~loxane of lower ~olecular wei~ht to be used~ for equDl polymer~ u~ed.
The new mixture~ according to the invention mus~ in sll caae6 ha~e a ~pecific grDYit~ 0~ between loO10 and 1.100~ and 8 con~i~tency varying from fluid wax to ~olid paraffin.
They can be used by preloading them into the a~alysis ~ample tubes before they are made up~ pos6ibly together with small quantities of anticoagulant. In ~uch a ca6e the composition must be of comp~ct consistency ~nd of con~iderable thixotropic power. Alternatively, the composition can be added to the ~ample tubes at the time of ~naly~is, and ~n ~uch ~ ca6e it I-~ is preferable for them to be of more ~luid con~istency~
It is also possible to u5e p~rticularly compact composition for 6ealing the ~ample tubes containing t~e blood to be analy~ed, and for pre~erving them in a reliable manner free from any risk of contami~ation until the time for their ~n~lysi~.
an centrifuging5 the mixture become~ fluid snd ~lide~ into the sample tube to form the sep~ration layer.
The quantity of composition necessary for each analysis varies~
according to ~t~ particular ~sture. ~owever~ only ~ery 6mall quantitie~ of between 0.5 s~d 2 grams are necessary.
.
The ~eparation-filtration composition acts after 6-8 minutes of centrifuging.
~
~ome non-limiti~g illustr~tive example~ ~re give~ hereinafter in order to :illustrat~ the present invention.
Ex~n~le 1 - Binar~ co~po~ition with polyolefin re~i~
_ ~iliconeoil of 5000 c~t 74.5 parts by ~ei~ht den~ity d.g7 ~c~
_ 6 --- polyethylene filled with TiO2 ~round to a particle size of ~ 400 ~, specific gravity 1.38 25.5 parts by weight These are mixed in a mixer for some minutes.
consistent white paste haYing a specific gravity of 1.045 and thixotropic properties is obtained, which can be used equally ~lell either by preloading into the ssmple analysis tubes or by adding when required.
It hss excellent separation and filtration power and gives a clear serum or plasma which is completely free from frag-ments or threads of paste.
Equally valid results are obtained when using a silicone oil of lZ,500 cst instead of 5000 cst.
In ~11 cgses~ about 1.5 g of product per analysis are sufficient.
~xample 2 - ~inary composition with vinyl resin - silicone oil of 5000 cst density 0.97 g/cm3 75 parts oy weight - PVC ground to a particle size of ~400/u specific gravity 1.41 25 parts by weight After mixing in a mixer for some minutes, an almost translucent consistent psste is obtained of specific gravity 1.050 and possessing thixotropic properties, and which can be either preloaded into the sample tube or added at the time of analysis.
A qu3ntity of between 1.2 and 1.5 grgms is used, in all cases giving an excellent separation and filtration effect.
, .
~ 7 -am~le 3 _ Binary com~osition with vinyl resin.
- silicone oil of 12,500 cst, density 0.97 g~cm3 75 parts bg we~ght - PVC ground to an average particle size of 1-5/u specific gravity 1.41, apparent density 0.33 ~ml 25 parts by weight A fluid white paste having a specific gravity of 1.052 is obtained, ana can be used with excellent results, especially if poured into the sample tube at the time of use.
If the silicone oil in said composition is replaced by an oil of 30,000 cs~, a more consistent paste is obtained with a still better separation and filtration powerO If - however a silicone oil of 5000 cst is used, the results are decidedly unsatisfactory.
If the po~ldered PVC is replaced in the given composition by another having particles of average aiameter 29/u, apparent density 0.49 ~cm3 and specific gravity 1.041, the effective-ness of the paste obtained is reduced decidedly.
The same happens if a PVC of average particle size 15~u is used.
Exam~le 4 - Binary composition with fluorinated polymer.
- silicone oil of 30,000 cst density 0.97 g/cm3 84 parts by weight - polyvinylidene fluoride of average particle size 0.250~u specific gravity 1.7, apparent density 0.2 ~/cm3 16 parts by weight . _ . . . . . . ...
8 ~
After mixing, a translucent galatinous paste of specific gravity 1.042 is obtained, which gives excellent performance under all application conditions.
The greater cost of this composition due to the greater cost of the fluorinated polymer with respect to the polgethylene and PVC is compens~ted by the fact that it is 50 effective as to enable smaller quantities to be used than in the case of the preceding compositions.
0.9-1 are sufficient for a normal analysis sample tube, in comparison with the 1.2-1.5 grams of the compositions of the preceding examples.
~ denser but equally effective paste is obtained by using a silicone oil of 60,000 cst in the same proportions.
.
Example 5 - Ternary composition with vinyl polymer.
- silicone oil of 12,500 cst 80 parts by weight density 0.97 g~cm3 - powdered PVC with particle diameter 29 specific gravity 1.41, apparent density 0.49 g~cm3 17 parts by weight _ micronised silica of apparent density 60 g/l 3 parts by weight A white paste similar to cream is obtained with strong thixotropic properties and specific gravity 1.042, which gave good results under all conditions of application, except at the highest centrifuging speeds.
On using a PVC having a particle size firstly of 15~u and then of 1-5 ~, the results were increasingly less good.
Example 6 _ Ternary composition with vinyl polymer.
' . .
.~ ~
.
7~x _ 9 _ - silicone oil of 30,000 cst 80.5 parts by weight density 0.97 g/cm3 - powdered PVC of average particle size 29~u specific grsvity 1.41, apparent density 0.49 ~cm3 16 parts by weighk - micronised silica of apparent density 60 g/l 3.5 parts by weight This paste was particularly effective at high centrifuging speeds.
Using the same ingredients a formulation having the following composition was attempted:
- silicone oil 82 parts by weight - PVC 13 parts by weight _ micronised silica 5 parts by weight but the thixot'ropic properties were so bad as to make its application very limited.
Example ? - Ternary composition with fluorinated polymer _ silicone oil of 5000 cst 84 parts by weight density 0.97 g/cm3 - polyvinylidene fluoride of average particle size 0.250~u specific gravity 1.7, apparent density 0.2 g~cm315 parts by weight - micronisea silica of apparent density 60 g/l 1 part by weight A slightly gelatinous translucent paste of specific gravity 1.042 is obtained, which gives optimum results even ~rhen used in a quantity less than 1 gram.
E~a~ple 8 _ Ternary composition comprising polyisobutylene 35 - silicone oil of 12,500 cst 70 parts by ~reight density 0.97 g/cm3 . _ . . .. . .. . .. ..... . . . . .. . . ... . . . . .
'74~
- polyisobutylene of specific gravity o.833 30 parts by weight _ PVC of average particle size 1-5 specific gravity 1141, apparent density 0.33 g~cm3 50 parts by weight A white paste of medium consistency is obtained having a specific gravity of 1.044.
The efficiency is good under all experimental conditions, but not better than that obtained using only silicone oil.
Howevert in comparison to those compositions using only silicone oil, this type of formulation has the advantage of a decidedly lower cost.
3xample 9 - Ternary composition with polyvinylidene fluoride - silicone oil 5000 cst 80.5 parts by weight density 0.97 g~cm3 - polyvinylidene fluoride of average particle size 0.250 specific gravity 1.7, apparent density 0.2 ~cm3 14 parts by weight - micronised silica of apparent density 60 g/l 5~5 parts by weight .
A highly gelatinous compact translucent composition is obtained of specific gravity 1.063.
~Jhen applied by a suitable spatula to the mou~h of the ssmple tube, this composition creates a hermetic seal ,~hich during centrifuging becomes fluid and runs into the sample tube to form the separating bsffle between the layer of erythrocytes ana the serum.
.~ .
F ~ ,3 7~
Both the se31ing of the sample tube and the filtr~tion ~nd separation functions were excellent.
Example 10 - ~ernary composition ~lith polyester resin - silicone oil of 12~500 cst 70 parts by weight densit~ 0.97 ~cm3 - polycarbonate ground to a particle size o~ 50 ~
specific gravity 1.20 26~5 parts by -~eight - micronised silica of apparent density 60 g/l 3.5 parts by weight An almost translucent consistent paste is obtained which behaves well in tests ~rhen using a quantity of about 1.~ g.
All the composition~ of the preceding examples were subjected to rapid artificial ageing by placing them in an environment temperature_controlled at 58C for times of 2h7 24h and 48h.
No special difference was noted in the aged pastes except for a slight loss of thixotropic properties and a slight lass of coherence in those compositions comprising silicone oil of the lowest density and powdered polymer of the highest particle size.
Furthermore~ all the compositions prepared and tried were found to be absolutely inert from the chemical and physio-logical aspects.
_ .. . .. , .... . .. ,. _ . ... . ,, .... _ _
Claims (5)
1. A composition for use in the separation of the erythrocytes from the serum or plasma in a blood analysis sample by centrifuging, said composition having a specific gravity of between 1.010 and 1.100 and comprising a polydimethylsiloxane of viscosity between 5000 and 60,000 cst and density between 0.965 and 0.980 g/cm3 and a chemically and physically inert macromolecular substance of particle size between 0.200 and 450 µ and specific gravity between 1.30 and 1.80, chosen from the group consisting of polyolefin resins, poly-vinyl resins, fluorinated polyolefins and polyester resins.
2. A composition as claimed in claim 1, including a fluid polyisobutylene of viscosity between 0.30 and 250 poises and density between 0.833 and 0.899 g/cm3 and amorphous micronised silica of particle size between 5 and 30 nm, apparent density between 30 and 80 g/l, and specific gravity 2.15.
3. A composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following components in proportions within the following ranges:
- polydimethylsiloxane 90-40 parts by weight - macromolecular substance 10-34 parts by weight - polyisobutylene 0-20 parts by weight - micronised silica 0- 6 parts by weight
- polydimethylsiloxane 90-40 parts by weight - macromolecular substance 10-34 parts by weight - polyisobutylene 0-20 parts by weight - micronised silica 0- 6 parts by weight
4. A composition as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the macromolecular substance is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, poly-vinylidene fluoride, and polyester.
5. A method for separating the erythrocytes from the serum or plasma in blood analysis samples by centrifuging which comprises using the composition as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 as a separator-filter medium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT23609/80A IT1132219B (en) | 1980-07-22 | 1980-07-22 | COMPOSITION SUITABLE FOR SEPARATING THE EMAZIE FROM THE SERUM OR PLASMA IN BLOOD SAMPLES FOR ANALYSIS AND METHOD THAT USES THEM |
| IT23609A/80 | 1980-07-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1169744A true CA1169744A (en) | 1984-06-26 |
Family
ID=11208545
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000381976A Expired CA1169744A (en) | 1980-07-22 | 1981-07-17 | Compositions able to separate the erythrocytes from the serum or plasma in blood analysis samples and the method which uses them |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4387031A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0044822B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE12189T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1169744A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3169374D1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1132219B (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1216518A (en) * | 1982-11-01 | 1987-01-13 | Gail A. Rock | Plasma-free medium for platelet storage |
| US4828976A (en) * | 1983-12-29 | 1989-05-09 | Thomas Jefferson University | Glucose free media for storing blood platelets |
| JPS61212518A (en) * | 1985-03-19 | 1986-09-20 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Blood coagulation promoting agent |
| CS251890B1 (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1987-08-13 | Jiri Sulc | Hydrophilic silicon composition and method of its production |
| EP0353587A3 (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1992-07-29 | Nippon Paint Co., Ltd. | Serum separation sealant and fine resin particles used in the same |
| CN1046036C (en) * | 1993-06-09 | 1999-10-27 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Serum seperating glue and preparing method for blood sampling tube |
| ATE190820T1 (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 2000-04-15 | Becton Dickinson Co | SAMPLE TUBE FOR DETERMINING BLOOD DEPOSITION AND A DETERGENT FOR USE THEREIN |
| ES2151939T3 (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 2001-01-16 | Becton Dickinson Co | METHOD AND APPLIANCE TO DETERMINE THE RATE OF SEDIMENTATION OF Erythrocytes. |
| US5914272A (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 1999-06-22 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Test method for determining the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a surfactant for use therein |
| US6319406B1 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2001-11-20 | General Electric Company | System and method for removing silicone oil from waste water treatment plant sludge |
| US6974701B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2005-12-13 | Hemovations, Llc | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test measurement instrument of unitary design and method of using the same |
| US7246660B2 (en) | 2003-09-10 | 2007-07-24 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Borehole discontinuities for enhanced power generation |
| US7208845B2 (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2007-04-24 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Vibration based power generator |
| US7199480B2 (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2007-04-03 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Vibration based power generator |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA565863A (en) * | 1958-11-11 | Delaware Research And Development Corporation | Polyorganosiloxane and a high polymer compound composition and mixing process | |
| US2792309A (en) * | 1953-10-28 | 1957-05-14 | Texaco Development Corp | Phonograph records containing silicone oils and resins |
| DE1804212A1 (en) * | 1967-10-18 | 1969-05-14 | Paper Mate Mfg Company | Improvements in viscous compositions and viscous compositions themselves |
| US3385812A (en) * | 1965-06-25 | 1968-05-28 | Du Pont | Finishing composition comprising a fluorochemical and a polyorganosiloxane |
| BE786957A (en) * | 1968-08-01 | 1973-01-29 | Raychem Corp | COMPOSITIONS OF POLYMERS. |
| US3963119A (en) * | 1973-10-13 | 1976-06-15 | Lucaks And Jacoby Associates | Serum separating apparatus |
| US3920557A (en) * | 1974-02-27 | 1975-11-18 | Becton Dickinson Co | Serum/plasma separator--beads-plus-adhesive type |
| US3929646A (en) * | 1974-07-22 | 1975-12-30 | Technicon Instr | Serum separator and fibrin filter |
| US3972812A (en) * | 1975-05-08 | 1976-08-03 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Blood serum separation filter disc |
| US4180465A (en) * | 1975-12-19 | 1979-12-25 | Sherwood Medical Industries Inc. | Fluid collection device with phase separation means |
| US4172803A (en) * | 1976-10-21 | 1979-10-30 | Terumo Corporation | Liquid separating composition and apparatus for applying said composition |
| US4101422A (en) * | 1977-05-11 | 1978-07-18 | Emery Industries, Inc. | Copolyesters useful in blood separation assemblies |
| US4190535A (en) * | 1978-02-27 | 1980-02-26 | Corning Glass Works | Means for separating lymphocytes and monocytes from anticoagulated blood |
-
1980
- 1980-07-22 IT IT23609/80A patent/IT1132219B/en active
-
1981
- 1981-07-17 CA CA000381976A patent/CA1169744A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-17 AT AT81830122T patent/ATE12189T1/en active
- 1981-07-17 EP EP81830122A patent/EP0044822B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-17 DE DE8181830122T patent/DE3169374D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-20 US US06/285,019 patent/US4387031A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3169374D1 (en) | 1985-04-25 |
| EP0044822B1 (en) | 1985-03-20 |
| IT1132219B (en) | 1986-06-25 |
| EP0044822A1 (en) | 1982-01-27 |
| IT8023609A0 (en) | 1980-07-22 |
| ATE12189T1 (en) | 1985-04-15 |
| US4387031A (en) | 1983-06-07 |
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