CA1172372A - System for automatically verifying spelling and hyphenating words in a multi-lingual document - Google Patents
System for automatically verifying spelling and hyphenating words in a multi-lingual documentInfo
- Publication number
- CA1172372A CA1172372A CA000411085A CA411085A CA1172372A CA 1172372 A CA1172372 A CA 1172372A CA 000411085 A CA000411085 A CA 000411085A CA 411085 A CA411085 A CA 411085A CA 1172372 A CA1172372 A CA 1172372A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- data signals
- control signal
- stream
- signals
- control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/10—Text processing
- G06F40/12—Use of codes for handling textual entities
- G06F40/126—Character encoding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/10—Text processing
- G06F40/191—Automatic line break hyphenation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/20—Natural language analysis
- G06F40/232—Orthographic correction, e.g. spell checking or vowelisation
Abstract
SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATICALLY VERIFYING SPELLING AND
HYPHENATING WORDS IN A MULTI-LINGUAL DOCUMENT
Abstract Disclosed is an improved system for verifying the spelling and providing hyphenation points for text words from a plurality of interspersed languages. The control system includes control codes which are inserted in the text to define the language of the text following the control code. The system accepts the control codes and responds by comparing the text following the control code against a storage diction-ary of correctly spelled words and hyphenation points for the language associated with the control code.
The system provides as an output an indicator of whether the word is correctly spelled or where the proper hyphenation points for the word appears. The system further includes control codes which when detected will cause blocks of data which should not be compared to the storage dictionary to be skipped.
HYPHENATING WORDS IN A MULTI-LINGUAL DOCUMENT
Abstract Disclosed is an improved system for verifying the spelling and providing hyphenation points for text words from a plurality of interspersed languages. The control system includes control codes which are inserted in the text to define the language of the text following the control code. The system accepts the control codes and responds by comparing the text following the control code against a storage diction-ary of correctly spelled words and hyphenation points for the language associated with the control code.
The system provides as an output an indicator of whether the word is correctly spelled or where the proper hyphenation points for the word appears. The system further includes control codes which when detected will cause blocks of data which should not be compared to the storage dictionary to be skipped.
Description
~l~l 7~3'~2 SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATICALLY VERIFYING SPELLING AND
HYPHENATING WORDS IN A MULTI-LINGUAL DOCUMENT
Descr_E~tion Technieal Field This lnvention relates generally to text process-ing systems and~ more particularly to methods and means in a text processing system for automatically checking the spelling and/or hyphenating text words from a plurality of languages.
Background Art Prior art text processing systems which include funetions for verifying whether input words are spelled correctly and functions for providing hyphena-tion points for words typically include a permanent storage dictionary of high usage words in the primary language of the eountry where the text processing system will be used. For example, text processing systems sold in the U.S. would include U.S. English words, systems sold in France would include Freneh words, systems in Germany would include German words, ete. These prior art systems somet.imes inelude an additional temporary storage dietionary whieh is usually filled by the user with words that are pecu-liar to the user's business, for example, customer names and addresses, legal words, medical words, etc.
As societies have become more and more multi-lingual it has become common to produce doeuments that include words from more than one languageO In many instances the documents include translations from one language to another, for example, English and Spanish in the U.S. and English and Freneh i.n Canada. These translations may take the form of interspersed ~,' ~3l7~3~;~
paragraphs or columns. Doeuments of this kind make it impractical to use prior art spelling verifieation and automatic hyphenation functions because of the large numbers of words from the second language that would not be found in the storage dictionary. This has eaused either non-use of the spelling verification and automatic hyphenation funetions or a multi-step operation where the primary language part of the document is prepared separately and then merged wi-th the text of the translation.
Summary of the Inventlon The present invention discloses control means and methods in a text proeessing system for automatically eheeking the spelling and providing hyphenation points for interspersed text words from a plurality of languages. The eontrol system includes control codes whieh are inserted in the text to define the language of the following text. The control codes are gener-ated automatically for a default primary language or the operator is provided the means to seleet control codes defining a plurality of optiona.l languages. The system accepts the control eodes and responds by eheeking the text following the control code against the storage dictionary for the language associated with the control code. Additionally, the operator has the option to skip blocks of data such as numerical tables which are not language specific.
AT9-81~060 :1~7;2 372 Brief Description of the Draw ng FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an information processing system comprising a terminal and a storaye unit;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the information processing system of FIG. l;
FIG. 3 is a functional diagram of the micropro-cessor shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a functional diayram illustrating the data flow path between portions of -the memory and a microprocessor and the display refresh buffer;
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of -the display shown in FIG. l;
FIG. 6 is a logical flow diagram showing the 15 functional operation of the present invention; .
FIG. 7 illustrates operator selectable instruc-tions as they would appear in the display device of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 illustrates sp~lling language instructions as they would appear in the display device of E~IG. 1 in accordance with the present invention; and FIG. 9 illustrates a detailed flow operation of the present invention.
Description of the Preferred Embodim_nt The invention will now be described as embodied in an interactive information processing system of the type shown in FIG. 1. The informa-tion processing system of FIG. 1 comprises a terminal 1 connected to a diskette storage unit 1~. Terminal 1 has a display screen 14 and a keyboard 10. Through operation of the keyboard 10 an operator can enter commands to -terminal 1 to cause information to be transferred between 7~3~
terminal 1 and the diskette storage device 16. The operator can further enter alphanumeric characters and commands for control of the display on screen 14.
FIG. 2 shows a more detailed illustration of -the information processing system of FIG. 1 in block diagram form. As further illustrated in FIG. 2, the information processing system comprises a keyboard 10, microprocessor 11, a display refresh buffer 12, a display device 14, and an auxiliary direct access storage device 16 such as a diskette drive. Addition-ally, a printer 15 is shown connected to the processor 11 for providing hard copy output and a clock 17 for keeping the various components of the system in synchronism is shown effectively coupled to each of the units.
Keyboard 10 comprises a normal set of graphic symbol keys such as letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and special character keys, plus text format or control keys like earriage return, tab, index, etc.
In addition, the keyboard 10 includes a second set of eontrol keys for issuing special control commands to the system. The control keys include cursor movement keys, keys for setting the keyboard into a number of different modes, etc.
Keyboard 10 is eonneeted to the mieroproeessor 11 by means of a bus 20. The microprocessor 11 as shown in FIG. 3 eomprises an input port 21, an output port 22, a random access memory 23, and a process execution unit 24.
Functionally, memory unit 23 stores both instruc-tions and data. Instructions and data are entered into memory 23 from the keyboard 10 as bytes of binary information through input port 21. As shown in FIG.
4, the section of the RAM 23 which reeeives the keystroke data from the keyboard 10 is designated AT9-81~060 5 1 keystroke queue 26. Data to be displayed is trans-ferrecl by a series of instructions from queue 26 to the text buffer section 2'7 and then to the display refresh buffer 12 through the output port 22 of the microprocessor 11. This is achieved in a conventional way by the microprocessor 11 executing a series of move instructions~
The microprocessor 11 may be an IBM* Series 1, Intel* Model 8086, or any othex recognized functionally equivalent, currently available microprocessors.
The display refresh buffer 12 is shown as a separate buffer connected between ~he output port 22 and the display device 14. Buffer 12, in practice, is normally a part of the display device 14 and functions to control the generation of characters on the screen of the display device 14 by exercising on-off control of the electron beam as it traces a series of horizon-tal lines across the screen.
The output port 22 also supplies data stored in memory 23 to the printer 15 and disk storage unit 16, each of which may have their own internal buffers which are not shown. Commands to transfer data from the random access memory 23 to the printer 15 or storage unit 16 are sent to the microprocessor 11 by the operator from the keyboard 10.
Printer 15 may be any suitable printer known in the art. In most text processing systems, the printer 15 is basically a standard input/output terminal printer having a type ball print element or a daisy-wheel print element.
Disk storage 16 may also be any suitable disk storage device which is capable of storlng serial by byte data supplied to it at determined sector address locations, each of which are randomly addressable by the microprocessor 11 to retrieve the data. Spatially *Trade Marks related data supplied Erom disk drive 16 is stored in the display data area 28 of the memory 23 in encoded form. The other section of memory 23 shown in FIG. 4 is the display format buffer area 29 which is involved in the handling of spatially related data in decoded form in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the screen of display device 14. As shown in FIG. 4, the screen has, for example, the capability of displaying 25 lines of characters where each line consists of 80-character column positions. In practice, one character position consists of a matrix of dot posi-tions or picture elements referred to as pels. A
typical character matrix for a display of the type represented by device 14 would be a matrix of six wide by ten high pels, which has been designated by the reference number 32 in FIG. 4. The interaction of the refresh buffer 12 and the display 14 is to convert the characters stored at a location in the buffer 12 to the corresponding character as formed in a 6 x lO dot matrix at the equivalent location on the display 14.
Display 14 generally is provided with its own set of electronics to achieve that conversion. The micropro-cessor 11 need only supply the address and load the buffer 12 with the appropriate characters.
The disk storage device 1~ also is generally provided with its own set of electronics for convert-ing a byte of data supplied from the display data area 28 of memory 23 through the output port 22 to a serial by bit stream of data to be recorded at a predeter-mined sector of the one addressed concentric recording track on the disk. Data from the device 1~ is sup-plied to the microprocessor 11 serial by byte from the addressed sector and storage tracks when requested.
~7~7~
1 It will be understood that all of the above described functions and interactions involving the microprocessor 11 are achleved thorugh suitable programs which are also stored in memory 23 and which are called into operation in response to data from the keyboard 10 or interrupt signals generated by the various componen-ts of the system shown in FIG. 1.
A typical task which utilizes the present invention is now described with reference to FIGS. 1, 6, 7, and 8. In a preparatory step, a plurality of dictionaries of correctly spelled words are stored in the diskette sotrage device 16 representing each language that the system may be used to process. These dictionaries of words are stored and accessed in accordance with the technique described in U.S. Patent 3,995,254, entitled "Digital Reference Matrix For Word Verifictaion", issued November 30, 1976, to W.S.
Rosenbaum and assigned to the present assignee. Each dictionary also includes the hyphenation points for the stored words in accordance with the teachings of U.S.
Patent 4,092,729, entitled "Apparatus For Automatically Forming Hyphenated Words", issued May 30, 1978, to W.S.
Rosenbaum, et al and also assigned to the present assignee. These patents are referred to for the purpose of teaching correct spellings and hyphenation points. Additionally, there is stored in the diskette storage menus corresponding to the present invention which enable the operator to enter control signals to the system to cause the system to selectively access one or more of the dictionary storage memories.
The operator has the task of preparing a document which includes text sections from one or more languages. Referring to FIG. 6, block 40, as the 3~7~
operator keys the document an instruction key on the keyboard 10 may be depressed by the operator to cause the system to interrupt processing in block 41 and display to the operator the menu of possible command instructions shown in FIG. 7. The operator has -the option to select from the menu shown in FIG. 7 as many of the instructions as are applicable to the job being performed. The operator selects each desired instruc-tion by typing the appropriate identification letter from the lefthand column and pressing the "ENTER" key on the keyboard 10. Our focus here will be directed to instructions i, j, and k which are associated with the present invention. Instruction i when selected by the operator causes the system to insert in text at the present operating point an instruction which will subsequently be interpreted as discussed in further detail below to indicate the point where spelling verification will begin in the text. Instruction j when selected will cause the system to enter a code in text indicating that spelling check should be discon-tinued at the point where this code is encountered.
Instructions i and j are used to suspend the spelling check routine to skip over data that the operator does not desire to have checked for incorrect spelling such as numerical tables.
When instruction k is entered, it will be inter-preted by the microprocessor as requiring the menu of FIG. 8 to be displayed. The menu of FIG. 8 displays to the operator the different languages for which dictionaries are stored in the disk storage device 16 and the corresponding identification codes for each language. The list of languages shown in FIG. 8 is exemplary only and not intended to be all inclusive.
The operator selects the proper language identifica-tion code for each block of text keyed. The system ~:~L7237Z
inserts a language control instruction in the text data stream at the point where the operator keys the code. These instructions are stored in the text document in block 43 of FIG. 6 and control the system to access the proper dictionary during the spelling check operation. The spelling check routine is generally executed following the entry of all of the text of the document. By allowing the operator to - embed the spelling check dictionary definition codes within the text, the system i5 controlled to auto-matically switch back and forth between the diction-aries as is appropriate.
Referring now to FIG. 9 a flow diagram of the operation of the spell check routine is shown. In implementation, the routine is set up such that a default dictionary which corresponds to the native language of the country where the system will be used is activated automatically when the system is powered on. The routine is entered in block 60 and the default dictionary is activated in hlock 61. In block 62 a test is conducted on the text to determine whether the routine has reached the end of tex-t. If it has the routine is exited in bloc~ 63 and ends. If not then in block 64 the next word of text is access-ed. Also in block 64 the systPm is instructed toquery the language state. The language state is an indicator which is set by the interpretation of one of the instruction codes i, j, or k in the data stream to indicate whether the system is to begin spell check, end spell check, or change the dictionary being used.
In block 65 language state is tested to determine whether the begin spell check code is present. If the begin spell check code is present, then the word is checked against the active dictionary in block 66 and 1~7~3~
a branch is taken back to block ~2 to continue processing.
Referring back to block 65, if the language state does not contain a begin spell check code then processing transfers to block 67 where language state is tested to determine if a sp~lling language code is present. If no spelling language code is present and no begin spell check code was present then the system assumes that the code present was an end spell check code and a branch is taken back to block 62 to con-tinue processing without comparing the present word to any spelling dictionary. However, if in block 67 language state equals a spelling language then a branch is taken to block 68, 69, or 70 to activate the appropriate dictionary. In block 71 the word is checked against the activated dictionary and a branch is taken back to block 62 to continue processing.
Checking the word against the activated dictionary may provide an indication of whether the word is spelled corretly or provide the hyphenation points for the word in accordance with the teachings of the afore-mentioned U.S. Patents 3,995,254 and 4,092,729. Table 1 shows a program listing in pseudo code for carrying out the operation of the invention described in FIG.
9. The application and use of pseudo code is de-scribed in "An Introduction To Programming", (A
Structural Approach Using PL/1 and PL/C-7), Second Edition, by Richard Conway and David Gries, Winthrop Publishers, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Copyright 1975.
~7;~37~2 ACTIVATE DICTIONARY FROM SYSTEM DEFAULT
WHILE NOT END OF TEXT DO
BEGIN
POINT TO NEXT ENTITY (WORD) QUERY "LANGUAGE STATE"
IF LANGUAGE STATE = "BEGIN SPELLING CHECK" TE~EN
PROCESS THE WORD, USING THE ACTIVE DICIONARY
ELSE
BEGIN
IF LANGUAGE STATE = "SPELLING LANGUAGE" THEN
BEGIN
CASE LANGUAGE OF
U.S. ENGLISH : ACTIVATE U.S. ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
U.K. ENGLISH : ACTIVATE U.K. ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
GERMAN : ACTIVATE GERMAN
DICTIONARY
.
.
NORWEGIAN : ACTIVATE NORWEGIAN
DICTIONARY
END
PROCESS THE WORD, USING THE ACTIVE
DICTIONARY
END
END
END
END
END
Table 1 -~.~l'7~372 Although one embodiment of the invention has been illustrated in the accompanying drawing and described in the foregoing detailed description, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiment disclosed, but is capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications and substitutions without departing Erom the scope of the invention.
HYPHENATING WORDS IN A MULTI-LINGUAL DOCUMENT
Descr_E~tion Technieal Field This lnvention relates generally to text process-ing systems and~ more particularly to methods and means in a text processing system for automatically checking the spelling and/or hyphenating text words from a plurality of languages.
Background Art Prior art text processing systems which include funetions for verifying whether input words are spelled correctly and functions for providing hyphena-tion points for words typically include a permanent storage dictionary of high usage words in the primary language of the eountry where the text processing system will be used. For example, text processing systems sold in the U.S. would include U.S. English words, systems sold in France would include Freneh words, systems in Germany would include German words, ete. These prior art systems somet.imes inelude an additional temporary storage dietionary whieh is usually filled by the user with words that are pecu-liar to the user's business, for example, customer names and addresses, legal words, medical words, etc.
As societies have become more and more multi-lingual it has become common to produce doeuments that include words from more than one languageO In many instances the documents include translations from one language to another, for example, English and Spanish in the U.S. and English and Freneh i.n Canada. These translations may take the form of interspersed ~,' ~3l7~3~;~
paragraphs or columns. Doeuments of this kind make it impractical to use prior art spelling verifieation and automatic hyphenation functions because of the large numbers of words from the second language that would not be found in the storage dictionary. This has eaused either non-use of the spelling verification and automatic hyphenation funetions or a multi-step operation where the primary language part of the document is prepared separately and then merged wi-th the text of the translation.
Summary of the Inventlon The present invention discloses control means and methods in a text proeessing system for automatically eheeking the spelling and providing hyphenation points for interspersed text words from a plurality of languages. The eontrol system includes control codes whieh are inserted in the text to define the language of the following text. The control codes are gener-ated automatically for a default primary language or the operator is provided the means to seleet control codes defining a plurality of optiona.l languages. The system accepts the control eodes and responds by eheeking the text following the control code against the storage dictionary for the language associated with the control code. Additionally, the operator has the option to skip blocks of data such as numerical tables which are not language specific.
AT9-81~060 :1~7;2 372 Brief Description of the Draw ng FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an information processing system comprising a terminal and a storaye unit;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the information processing system of FIG. l;
FIG. 3 is a functional diagram of the micropro-cessor shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a functional diayram illustrating the data flow path between portions of -the memory and a microprocessor and the display refresh buffer;
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of -the display shown in FIG. l;
FIG. 6 is a logical flow diagram showing the 15 functional operation of the present invention; .
FIG. 7 illustrates operator selectable instruc-tions as they would appear in the display device of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 illustrates sp~lling language instructions as they would appear in the display device of E~IG. 1 in accordance with the present invention; and FIG. 9 illustrates a detailed flow operation of the present invention.
Description of the Preferred Embodim_nt The invention will now be described as embodied in an interactive information processing system of the type shown in FIG. 1. The informa-tion processing system of FIG. 1 comprises a terminal 1 connected to a diskette storage unit 1~. Terminal 1 has a display screen 14 and a keyboard 10. Through operation of the keyboard 10 an operator can enter commands to -terminal 1 to cause information to be transferred between 7~3~
terminal 1 and the diskette storage device 16. The operator can further enter alphanumeric characters and commands for control of the display on screen 14.
FIG. 2 shows a more detailed illustration of -the information processing system of FIG. 1 in block diagram form. As further illustrated in FIG. 2, the information processing system comprises a keyboard 10, microprocessor 11, a display refresh buffer 12, a display device 14, and an auxiliary direct access storage device 16 such as a diskette drive. Addition-ally, a printer 15 is shown connected to the processor 11 for providing hard copy output and a clock 17 for keeping the various components of the system in synchronism is shown effectively coupled to each of the units.
Keyboard 10 comprises a normal set of graphic symbol keys such as letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and special character keys, plus text format or control keys like earriage return, tab, index, etc.
In addition, the keyboard 10 includes a second set of eontrol keys for issuing special control commands to the system. The control keys include cursor movement keys, keys for setting the keyboard into a number of different modes, etc.
Keyboard 10 is eonneeted to the mieroproeessor 11 by means of a bus 20. The microprocessor 11 as shown in FIG. 3 eomprises an input port 21, an output port 22, a random access memory 23, and a process execution unit 24.
Functionally, memory unit 23 stores both instruc-tions and data. Instructions and data are entered into memory 23 from the keyboard 10 as bytes of binary information through input port 21. As shown in FIG.
4, the section of the RAM 23 which reeeives the keystroke data from the keyboard 10 is designated AT9-81~060 5 1 keystroke queue 26. Data to be displayed is trans-ferrecl by a series of instructions from queue 26 to the text buffer section 2'7 and then to the display refresh buffer 12 through the output port 22 of the microprocessor 11. This is achieved in a conventional way by the microprocessor 11 executing a series of move instructions~
The microprocessor 11 may be an IBM* Series 1, Intel* Model 8086, or any othex recognized functionally equivalent, currently available microprocessors.
The display refresh buffer 12 is shown as a separate buffer connected between ~he output port 22 and the display device 14. Buffer 12, in practice, is normally a part of the display device 14 and functions to control the generation of characters on the screen of the display device 14 by exercising on-off control of the electron beam as it traces a series of horizon-tal lines across the screen.
The output port 22 also supplies data stored in memory 23 to the printer 15 and disk storage unit 16, each of which may have their own internal buffers which are not shown. Commands to transfer data from the random access memory 23 to the printer 15 or storage unit 16 are sent to the microprocessor 11 by the operator from the keyboard 10.
Printer 15 may be any suitable printer known in the art. In most text processing systems, the printer 15 is basically a standard input/output terminal printer having a type ball print element or a daisy-wheel print element.
Disk storage 16 may also be any suitable disk storage device which is capable of storlng serial by byte data supplied to it at determined sector address locations, each of which are randomly addressable by the microprocessor 11 to retrieve the data. Spatially *Trade Marks related data supplied Erom disk drive 16 is stored in the display data area 28 of the memory 23 in encoded form. The other section of memory 23 shown in FIG. 4 is the display format buffer area 29 which is involved in the handling of spatially related data in decoded form in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the screen of display device 14. As shown in FIG. 4, the screen has, for example, the capability of displaying 25 lines of characters where each line consists of 80-character column positions. In practice, one character position consists of a matrix of dot posi-tions or picture elements referred to as pels. A
typical character matrix for a display of the type represented by device 14 would be a matrix of six wide by ten high pels, which has been designated by the reference number 32 in FIG. 4. The interaction of the refresh buffer 12 and the display 14 is to convert the characters stored at a location in the buffer 12 to the corresponding character as formed in a 6 x lO dot matrix at the equivalent location on the display 14.
Display 14 generally is provided with its own set of electronics to achieve that conversion. The micropro-cessor 11 need only supply the address and load the buffer 12 with the appropriate characters.
The disk storage device 1~ also is generally provided with its own set of electronics for convert-ing a byte of data supplied from the display data area 28 of memory 23 through the output port 22 to a serial by bit stream of data to be recorded at a predeter-mined sector of the one addressed concentric recording track on the disk. Data from the device 1~ is sup-plied to the microprocessor 11 serial by byte from the addressed sector and storage tracks when requested.
~7~7~
1 It will be understood that all of the above described functions and interactions involving the microprocessor 11 are achleved thorugh suitable programs which are also stored in memory 23 and which are called into operation in response to data from the keyboard 10 or interrupt signals generated by the various componen-ts of the system shown in FIG. 1.
A typical task which utilizes the present invention is now described with reference to FIGS. 1, 6, 7, and 8. In a preparatory step, a plurality of dictionaries of correctly spelled words are stored in the diskette sotrage device 16 representing each language that the system may be used to process. These dictionaries of words are stored and accessed in accordance with the technique described in U.S. Patent 3,995,254, entitled "Digital Reference Matrix For Word Verifictaion", issued November 30, 1976, to W.S.
Rosenbaum and assigned to the present assignee. Each dictionary also includes the hyphenation points for the stored words in accordance with the teachings of U.S.
Patent 4,092,729, entitled "Apparatus For Automatically Forming Hyphenated Words", issued May 30, 1978, to W.S.
Rosenbaum, et al and also assigned to the present assignee. These patents are referred to for the purpose of teaching correct spellings and hyphenation points. Additionally, there is stored in the diskette storage menus corresponding to the present invention which enable the operator to enter control signals to the system to cause the system to selectively access one or more of the dictionary storage memories.
The operator has the task of preparing a document which includes text sections from one or more languages. Referring to FIG. 6, block 40, as the 3~7~
operator keys the document an instruction key on the keyboard 10 may be depressed by the operator to cause the system to interrupt processing in block 41 and display to the operator the menu of possible command instructions shown in FIG. 7. The operator has -the option to select from the menu shown in FIG. 7 as many of the instructions as are applicable to the job being performed. The operator selects each desired instruc-tion by typing the appropriate identification letter from the lefthand column and pressing the "ENTER" key on the keyboard 10. Our focus here will be directed to instructions i, j, and k which are associated with the present invention. Instruction i when selected by the operator causes the system to insert in text at the present operating point an instruction which will subsequently be interpreted as discussed in further detail below to indicate the point where spelling verification will begin in the text. Instruction j when selected will cause the system to enter a code in text indicating that spelling check should be discon-tinued at the point where this code is encountered.
Instructions i and j are used to suspend the spelling check routine to skip over data that the operator does not desire to have checked for incorrect spelling such as numerical tables.
When instruction k is entered, it will be inter-preted by the microprocessor as requiring the menu of FIG. 8 to be displayed. The menu of FIG. 8 displays to the operator the different languages for which dictionaries are stored in the disk storage device 16 and the corresponding identification codes for each language. The list of languages shown in FIG. 8 is exemplary only and not intended to be all inclusive.
The operator selects the proper language identifica-tion code for each block of text keyed. The system ~:~L7237Z
inserts a language control instruction in the text data stream at the point where the operator keys the code. These instructions are stored in the text document in block 43 of FIG. 6 and control the system to access the proper dictionary during the spelling check operation. The spelling check routine is generally executed following the entry of all of the text of the document. By allowing the operator to - embed the spelling check dictionary definition codes within the text, the system i5 controlled to auto-matically switch back and forth between the diction-aries as is appropriate.
Referring now to FIG. 9 a flow diagram of the operation of the spell check routine is shown. In implementation, the routine is set up such that a default dictionary which corresponds to the native language of the country where the system will be used is activated automatically when the system is powered on. The routine is entered in block 60 and the default dictionary is activated in hlock 61. In block 62 a test is conducted on the text to determine whether the routine has reached the end of tex-t. If it has the routine is exited in bloc~ 63 and ends. If not then in block 64 the next word of text is access-ed. Also in block 64 the systPm is instructed toquery the language state. The language state is an indicator which is set by the interpretation of one of the instruction codes i, j, or k in the data stream to indicate whether the system is to begin spell check, end spell check, or change the dictionary being used.
In block 65 language state is tested to determine whether the begin spell check code is present. If the begin spell check code is present, then the word is checked against the active dictionary in block 66 and 1~7~3~
a branch is taken back to block ~2 to continue processing.
Referring back to block 65, if the language state does not contain a begin spell check code then processing transfers to block 67 where language state is tested to determine if a sp~lling language code is present. If no spelling language code is present and no begin spell check code was present then the system assumes that the code present was an end spell check code and a branch is taken back to block 62 to con-tinue processing without comparing the present word to any spelling dictionary. However, if in block 67 language state equals a spelling language then a branch is taken to block 68, 69, or 70 to activate the appropriate dictionary. In block 71 the word is checked against the activated dictionary and a branch is taken back to block 62 to continue processing.
Checking the word against the activated dictionary may provide an indication of whether the word is spelled corretly or provide the hyphenation points for the word in accordance with the teachings of the afore-mentioned U.S. Patents 3,995,254 and 4,092,729. Table 1 shows a program listing in pseudo code for carrying out the operation of the invention described in FIG.
9. The application and use of pseudo code is de-scribed in "An Introduction To Programming", (A
Structural Approach Using PL/1 and PL/C-7), Second Edition, by Richard Conway and David Gries, Winthrop Publishers, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Copyright 1975.
~7;~37~2 ACTIVATE DICTIONARY FROM SYSTEM DEFAULT
WHILE NOT END OF TEXT DO
BEGIN
POINT TO NEXT ENTITY (WORD) QUERY "LANGUAGE STATE"
IF LANGUAGE STATE = "BEGIN SPELLING CHECK" TE~EN
PROCESS THE WORD, USING THE ACTIVE DICIONARY
ELSE
BEGIN
IF LANGUAGE STATE = "SPELLING LANGUAGE" THEN
BEGIN
CASE LANGUAGE OF
U.S. ENGLISH : ACTIVATE U.S. ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
U.K. ENGLISH : ACTIVATE U.K. ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
GERMAN : ACTIVATE GERMAN
DICTIONARY
.
.
NORWEGIAN : ACTIVATE NORWEGIAN
DICTIONARY
END
PROCESS THE WORD, USING THE ACTIVE
DICTIONARY
END
END
END
END
END
Table 1 -~.~l'7~372 Although one embodiment of the invention has been illustrated in the accompanying drawing and described in the foregoing detailed description, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiment disclosed, but is capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications and substitutions without departing Erom the scope of the invention.
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property of privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
Claim 1 In an interactive information processing system improved apparatus for detecting erroneous data signals in a stream of data signals com-prising:
means for storing a plurality of lists of valid data signals of different languages;
means for inserting control signals in said stream of data signals, each control signal being indicative of the language of the data signals following said control signals;
means for detecting said control signals and activating the list of valid data signals of the language indicated by each said control signal;
means for comparing the data signals in said stream following each said control signal with said activated list of valid data signals; and means for outputting an indication when the compare is unequal.
Claim 2 In an interactive information processing system improved apparatus for providing hyphena-tion points in data signals in a stream of data signals comprising:
means for storing a plurality of lists of valid data signals of different languages includ-ing valid hyphenation points for said data signals;
means for inserting control signals in said stream of data signals, each control signal indicative of the language of the data signals following said control signal;
means for detecting said control signals and activating the list of valid data signals of the language indicated by each said control signal;
means for comparing the data signals in said stream following each said control signal with said activated list of valid data signals; and means for outputting said hyphenation points for said data signal when said compare is equal.
Claim 3 The improved apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said means for inserting further includes means for inserting in said stream of data signals a control signal for suspending operation of said means for comparing.
Claim 4 The improved apparatus of Claim 2 wherein said means for inserting further includes means for inserting in said stream of data signals a control signal for suspending operation of said means for comparing.
Claim 5 The improved apparatus of Claim 3 or Claim 4 wherein said means for inserting further includes means for inserting in said stream of data signals a control signal for resuming operation of said means for comparing.
Claim 6 In an interactive information processing system an improved method for detecting erroneous data signals in a stream of data signals compris-ing the steps of:
a) storing a plurality of lists of valid data signals of different languages;
b) inserting in said stream of data signals control signals, each said control signal indica-tive of the language of the data signals follow-ing said control signal;
c) detecting said control signals and activating the list of valid data signals of the language indicated by each said control signal;
d) comparing the data signals in said stream following each said control signal with said activated list of valid data signals; and e) outputting an indication when the compare is unequal.
Claim 7 In an interactive information processing system an improved method for providing hyphena-tion points in data signals in a stream of data signals comprising the steps of:
a) storing a plurality of lists of valid data signals of different languages including valid hyphenation points for said data signals;
b) inserting control signals in said stream of data signals, each control signal indicative of the language of the data signals following said control signal;
c) detecting said control signals and activating the list of valid data signals of the language indicated by each said control signal;
d) comparing the data signals in said stream following each said control signal with said activated list of valid data signals; and e) outputting said hyphenation points for said data signals when said compare is equal.
Claim 8 The improved method of Claim 6 further including the step of inserting in said stream of data signals a control signal for suspending said step of comparing.
Claim 9 The improved method of Claim 7 further including the step of inserting in said stream of data signals a control signal for suspending said step of comparing.
Claim 10 The improved method of Claimed 8 or 9 further including the step of inserting in said stream of data signals a control signal for resuming said step of comparing.
Claim 1 In an interactive information processing system improved apparatus for detecting erroneous data signals in a stream of data signals com-prising:
means for storing a plurality of lists of valid data signals of different languages;
means for inserting control signals in said stream of data signals, each control signal being indicative of the language of the data signals following said control signals;
means for detecting said control signals and activating the list of valid data signals of the language indicated by each said control signal;
means for comparing the data signals in said stream following each said control signal with said activated list of valid data signals; and means for outputting an indication when the compare is unequal.
Claim 2 In an interactive information processing system improved apparatus for providing hyphena-tion points in data signals in a stream of data signals comprising:
means for storing a plurality of lists of valid data signals of different languages includ-ing valid hyphenation points for said data signals;
means for inserting control signals in said stream of data signals, each control signal indicative of the language of the data signals following said control signal;
means for detecting said control signals and activating the list of valid data signals of the language indicated by each said control signal;
means for comparing the data signals in said stream following each said control signal with said activated list of valid data signals; and means for outputting said hyphenation points for said data signal when said compare is equal.
Claim 3 The improved apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said means for inserting further includes means for inserting in said stream of data signals a control signal for suspending operation of said means for comparing.
Claim 4 The improved apparatus of Claim 2 wherein said means for inserting further includes means for inserting in said stream of data signals a control signal for suspending operation of said means for comparing.
Claim 5 The improved apparatus of Claim 3 or Claim 4 wherein said means for inserting further includes means for inserting in said stream of data signals a control signal for resuming operation of said means for comparing.
Claim 6 In an interactive information processing system an improved method for detecting erroneous data signals in a stream of data signals compris-ing the steps of:
a) storing a plurality of lists of valid data signals of different languages;
b) inserting in said stream of data signals control signals, each said control signal indica-tive of the language of the data signals follow-ing said control signal;
c) detecting said control signals and activating the list of valid data signals of the language indicated by each said control signal;
d) comparing the data signals in said stream following each said control signal with said activated list of valid data signals; and e) outputting an indication when the compare is unequal.
Claim 7 In an interactive information processing system an improved method for providing hyphena-tion points in data signals in a stream of data signals comprising the steps of:
a) storing a plurality of lists of valid data signals of different languages including valid hyphenation points for said data signals;
b) inserting control signals in said stream of data signals, each control signal indicative of the language of the data signals following said control signal;
c) detecting said control signals and activating the list of valid data signals of the language indicated by each said control signal;
d) comparing the data signals in said stream following each said control signal with said activated list of valid data signals; and e) outputting said hyphenation points for said data signals when said compare is equal.
Claim 8 The improved method of Claim 6 further including the step of inserting in said stream of data signals a control signal for suspending said step of comparing.
Claim 9 The improved method of Claim 7 further including the step of inserting in said stream of data signals a control signal for suspending said step of comparing.
Claim 10 The improved method of Claimed 8 or 9 further including the step of inserting in said stream of data signals a control signal for resuming said step of comparing.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US310,181 | 1981-10-09 | ||
| US06/310,181 US4456969A (en) | 1981-10-09 | 1981-10-09 | System for automatically hyphenating and verifying the spelling of words in a multi-lingual document |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1172372A true CA1172372A (en) | 1984-08-07 |
Family
ID=23201337
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000411085A Expired CA1172372A (en) | 1981-10-09 | 1982-09-09 | System for automatically verifying spelling and hyphenating words in a multi-lingual document |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4456969A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0076909B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5875240A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1172372A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3278338D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8307392A1 (en) |
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| US4915546A (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1990-04-10 | Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Data input and processing apparatus having spelling-check function and means for dealing with misspelled word |
| JPS6359660A (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-03-15 | Brother Ind Ltd | Information processor |
| US4829472A (en) * | 1986-10-20 | 1989-05-09 | Microlytics, Inc. | Spelling check module |
| JPS63130376A (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1988-06-02 | Brother Ind Ltd | Printer |
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| US4777617A (en) * | 1987-03-12 | 1988-10-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for verifying spelling of compound words |
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| US20020078106A1 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2002-06-20 | Carew David John | Method and apparatus to spell check displayable text in computer source code |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3439341A (en) * | 1965-08-09 | 1969-04-15 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Hyphenation machine |
| US3454929A (en) * | 1966-03-25 | 1969-07-08 | Burroughs Corp | Computer edit system |
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| JPS5335434A (en) * | 1976-09-13 | 1978-04-01 | Lexicon Corp | Information processor |
| US4244031A (en) * | 1976-10-18 | 1981-01-06 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Word processor |
| US4092729A (en) * | 1976-12-28 | 1978-05-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Apparatus for automatically forming hyphenated words |
| US4193119A (en) * | 1977-03-25 | 1980-03-11 | Xerox Corporation | Apparatus for assisting in the transposition of foreign language text |
| US4328561A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1982-05-04 | International Business Machines Corp. | Alpha content match prescan method for automatic spelling error correction |
-
1981
- 1981-10-09 US US06/310,181 patent/US4456969A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1982
- 1982-08-19 EP EP82107574A patent/EP0076909B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-19 DE DE8282107574T patent/DE3278338D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-09 CA CA000411085A patent/CA1172372A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-07 ES ES516295A patent/ES8307392A1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-08 JP JP57176496A patent/JPS5875240A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES516295A0 (en) | 1983-06-16 |
| EP0076909B1 (en) | 1988-04-13 |
| ES8307392A1 (en) | 1983-06-16 |
| EP0076909A2 (en) | 1983-04-20 |
| JPH0324700B2 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
| DE3278338D1 (en) | 1988-05-19 |
| US4456969A (en) | 1984-06-26 |
| EP0076909A3 (en) | 1984-03-07 |
| JPS5875240A (en) | 1983-05-06 |
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