CA1174137A - Ion beam sputter-etched ventricular catheter for hydrocephalus shunt - Google Patents
Ion beam sputter-etched ventricular catheter for hydrocephalus shuntInfo
- Publication number
- CA1174137A CA1174137A CA000398432A CA398432A CA1174137A CA 1174137 A CA1174137 A CA 1174137A CA 000398432 A CA000398432 A CA 000398432A CA 398432 A CA398432 A CA 398432A CA 1174137 A CA1174137 A CA 1174137A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ventricular catheter
- catheter
- members
- cerebrospinal fluid
- microtubular
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0009—Making of catheters or other medical or surgical tubes
- A61M25/0015—Making lateral openings in a catheter tube, e.g. holes, slits, ports, piercings of guidewire ports; Methods for processing the holes, e.g. smoothing the edges
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M27/00—Drainage appliance for wounds or the like, i.e. wound drains, implanted drains
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/31—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for cutting or drilling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M27/00—Drainage appliance for wounds or the like, i.e. wound drains, implanted drains
- A61M27/002—Implant devices for drainage of body fluids from one part of the body to another
- A61M27/006—Cerebrospinal drainage; Accessories therefor, e.g. valves
Abstract
Abstract This invention is directed to an improved cerebro-spinal fluid shunt in the form of a ventricular catheter for controlling the condition of hydrocephalus by reliev-ing the excessive cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The invention is further concerned with an improved method for fabricating the catheter and an improved method of shunting the cerebral fluid from the cerebral ventricles to other areas of the body.
The obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow pathways or its inadequate absorption via the arachnoid villi into the venus blood of the brain results in hydrocephalus.
Surgical correction involves pressure controlled shunting of the cerebrospinal fluid. The shunt will fail to func-tion if the inlet ventricular catheter apertures become blocked. Shunt flow failure will also occur if the ven-tricle collapses due to improper valve function causing over drainage.
The ventricular catheter 10 of the present invention comprises a multiplicity of inlet microtubules 12. Each microtubule has both a large opening 16 at its inlet end and a multiplicity of micoroscropic openings 18 along its lateral surfaces.
The microtubules are perforated by a new and novel ion beam sputter etch technique. The holes are etched in each microtubule by directing an ion beam 20 through an electro formed metal mesh mask 28 producing perforations having diameters ranging from about 14 micron to about 150 microns.
This combination of a multiplicity of fluoropolymer microtubes, the numerous small holes provided in the lateral surfaces of the tubes, and the hydra-like distri-bution of the tubes provide a new and novel catheter.
This structure assures a reliable means for shunting cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebral ventricles to selected areas of the body.
The obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow pathways or its inadequate absorption via the arachnoid villi into the venus blood of the brain results in hydrocephalus.
Surgical correction involves pressure controlled shunting of the cerebrospinal fluid. The shunt will fail to func-tion if the inlet ventricular catheter apertures become blocked. Shunt flow failure will also occur if the ven-tricle collapses due to improper valve function causing over drainage.
The ventricular catheter 10 of the present invention comprises a multiplicity of inlet microtubules 12. Each microtubule has both a large opening 16 at its inlet end and a multiplicity of micoroscropic openings 18 along its lateral surfaces.
The microtubules are perforated by a new and novel ion beam sputter etch technique. The holes are etched in each microtubule by directing an ion beam 20 through an electro formed metal mesh mask 28 producing perforations having diameters ranging from about 14 micron to about 150 microns.
This combination of a multiplicity of fluoropolymer microtubes, the numerous small holes provided in the lateral surfaces of the tubes, and the hydra-like distri-bution of the tubes provide a new and novel catheter.
This structure assures a reliable means for shunting cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebral ventricles to selected areas of the body.
Description
294-021-6 1174~37 Description Ion Beam Sputter-Etched Ventricular Catheter for Hydrocephalus Shunt Origin of t~e Invention The invention described herein was made by an employee of the United States Government and may be manu-factured and used by or for the Government for govern-mental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
Technical Field This invention is directed to an improved cerebro-spinal fluid shunt in the form of a ventricular catheter for controlling the condition of hydrocephalus by relieving the excessive cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
The invention is further concerned with an improved method for fabricating the catheter and an improved method of shunting the cerebral fluid from the cerebral ventricles to other areas of the body.
The obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow pathways or its inadequate absorpotion via the arachnoid villi into the venus blood of the brain results in hydrocephalus. Surgical correction involves pressure controlled shunting of the cerebrospinal fluid. Typi-cally, a perforated silicon rubber catheter is implanted in one of the lateral ventricles of the brain with its perforated tip located near the frontal horn. The cerebrospinal fluid passes through a pressure regulating valve and is then typically shunted to the right atrium of the heart or the peritoneal cavity.
The shunt will fail to function if the inlet ven-tricular catheter apertures become blocked. Shunt flow failure will also occur if the ventricle collapses due to improper valve function causing over drainage.
Heretofore, previously designed ventricular catheters have been found deficient as a result of high incidence of inlet blockage caused by the ingrowth of the choroid plexas, ventrical collapse over the catheter orifices, or hemorrhage, cellular, and fibrin debris.
Multiple surgical revisions during the first several years after birth is common because of inlet blockage of the catheters.
Various geometry ventricular catheters have been proposed in which the inlet orifices are hidden or covered by complicated structures. The hidden inlet type geometries have not resulted in a decreased probability of blockage.
Background Art In the prior art U.S. patent No. 4,182,343 discloses a double ventricular drain tube having a double cavity.
A rubber outer tube has one end which is sealed with the other end being open. This outer tube encloses a rubber inner tube that is shorter than the outer tube. One end of the inner tube is fixed to the inner wall of the sealed end of the outer tube and the other end of the inner tube is open. This inner tube may or may not be fixed to the inner wall of the outer tube. The outer tube and the inner tube, respectively, have a pluarlity of holes passing through their respective side walls.
The holes through the outer tube side wall are positioned in such a manner so that they do not align with the holes in the side wall of the inner tube.
U.S. patent No. 3,595,241 discloses a medicosurgical tube having a swab member positioned inside the tube so constructed or arranged that it may be pulled through the tube and out the proximal end. In such a catheter, the 11~7'~137 lumen is positively protected throughout the tube length against the possibility of blood clots or other matter preventing liquid flow through the tube following the tube insertion procedure.
U.S. patent Nos. 3,753,439 and 3,~23,782 disclose several types of surgical drains. These drains rely on relatively large holes in the tube wall, and a padding or net is utilized to prevent entry of material into the holes. None of the prior art patents discloses a catheter which would be suitable for insertion into the human brain.
Disclosure of Invention The ventricular catheter of the present invention comprises a multiplicity of inlet microtubules. Each microtubule has both a large opening at its inlet end and a multiplicity of microscopic openings along its lateral surfaces.
The microtubules are perforated by a new and novel ion beam sputter etch technique. The holes are etched in each microtubule by directing an ion beam through an electro formed metal mesh mask producing perforations having diameters ranging from about 14 microns to about 150 microns.
This combination of a multiplicity of fluoropolymer microtubes, the numerous small holes provided in the lateral surfaces of the tubes, and the hydra-like distri-bution of the tubes provide a new and novel catheter.
This structure assures a reliable means for shunting cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebral ventricles to selected areas of the body.
Brief Description of the Drawings The objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be more fully apparent from the following ~17~37 detailed description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of a ventricular catheter constructed in accordance with the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic vie~ showing apparatus for perforating the walls of the microtubules utilized in t'ne catheter shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the lines 3-3 in FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is a scanning electron pllotomicrograph show-ing the outside surface of a sputter perforated micro-tubule.
FIG. 5 is a scanning elec-tron ,o'notomicrograph show-ing a sputter perforated microtubule in section, and FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the direct shunt-ing of cerebrospinal fluid from a lateral ventricle to the subarachnoid space using sputter perforated micro-tubules.
Best ~ode for Carrying Out the Invention . . _ . . . _ . . _ Referring now to the drawing there is shown in FIG.
1 a ventricular catheter 10 constructed in accordance with the present invention. ~ach catheter 10 comprises a plurality of pliable microtubules 12. A bundle of the microtubules 12 may be covered by a tubular sheath 14 which is connected to a conventional valved shunting system .
The microtubules 12 are of a fluoropolymer material and can be varied in number, diameter, wall thickness, length and material. Typical fluoropolymers that are satisfactory for the microtubules 12 are polytetrafluoro-ethylene and fluoroethylene propylene. Living cells of the human body tend not to adhere to such materials, and no major anchorage problem results.
11';~'~137 Each microtubule 12 has an inlet end 16 which is preferably open and is of a larger diameter than each of the multiplicity of ion beam sputtered microscopic per-forations 18 along a relatively long extent of the lateral surfaces as shown in greater detail in FIGS. 4 and 5. It is further contemplated that the inlet end 16 may be closed in certain embodiments.
The -tubular sheath 14 is preferably of a silicone rubber tubing of small diameter to minimize the penetra-tion thereby reducing the danger o infection. Silicon tubing having an outer diameter of about .015 m has been satisfactory. The type of transition from the fluoro-carbon bundle to the silicone rubber tubing can be varied in geometry.
Preselected areas of the microtubules 12 are per-forated by exposing them to an ion beam 20 from a suit-able source 22 as shown in FIG. 2. The ion beam 20 is between 300 eV and 500 eV with a density sufficient to perforate the microtubules 12 at a predetermined exposure time as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
The argon ion beam may be from an electron bombard-ment ion source 22 of the type developed from electric propulsion technology. Such an ion source is described in "Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics" by H.
R. Kaufman, Vol. 36, pages 365 to 373.
Beam extraction may be accomplished by a dished, two grid ion optics system. Such a system is described in AIAA Paper No. 76-1017 entitled "A 30 cm Diameter Argon Ion Source". Neutralization of the ion beam may be achieved by secondary electrons released by ion bombard-ment of the walls of a vacuum facility (not shown) which houses the ion source 22. This vacuum facility is suffi-ciently large to minimize back sputtered facility mater-ial from contaminating the material being ion beam etched. The vacuum facility normally is maintained at a 117~137 pressure of 4xlO-5 torr during the operation of the ion source 22.
~ icrotubules 12 are mounted around the outer peri-pheral surface of a cylindrical mandrel 24 mounted for rotation about its normal axis downstream from the ion source 22. A suitable shield 26 is positioned between the source 22 and the mandrel 24 in close proximity with the mandrel. The ion beam 20 passes through the shield 26 in a manner well known in th art.
An electroformed screen 28 of extremely fine mesh is held in tension around the outermost surface edges of the microtubules 12 on the mandrel 24 as shown in FIG. 3.
Argon ions from the beam 20 pass through the screen 28 to form a pattern of perforations 18 as shown in FIG. 4.
More particularly, the electroformed metal mesh screen 28 functions as a mask to produce the desired apertures through the walls in the microtubules 12. These aper-tures 18 are microscopic in size, having a diameter between about 20 um and 150 um. The portion o~ the ion beam 20 passing through the shield 26 is shown in FIG. 3 and is substantially uniform in density throughout its entire width.
The utilization of sputter etching to perforate the inlet ventricular catheter microtubules 12 facilitates the fabrication of catheters having two orders of magni-tude increase in aperture density over that of conven-tional catheters shown in the prior art. This is evident because approximately 1100 apertures for each 20 um in diameter can be placed along a 1 cm length of micro-tubule.
The catheter 10 is comprised of a bundle of one or more microtubules 12, each being only about 0.44 mm in diameter. The resulting large number of inlet apertures reduces the tendency for the shunt to draw in and trap debris or tissue which would then cause flow obstruction.
llt7'~ 7 ~ le catheter ln can he used to drain cerebrospinal fluid from one of the lateral ventricles through a conventional valved shunting system to either the heart or the peritoneal cavity. The catheter also can be used for direct shunting of cerebrospinal fluid from a lateral ventricle 30 to selected areas of the human body using individual microtubules 12 as shown in FIG. 6. This lateral ventricle is in substantial juxtaposition with the third ventricle 32 wl~ich is positioned above the fourth ventricle 34.
The microtubules 12 extend from the lateral ven-tricle up through the pia mater to the subarachnoid space 38. This space is between the pia mater 36 and the arachnoid 40 which is positioned inwardly from the dura mater 42. The inlet ends 16 of the microtubules 12 extend into the lateral ventricle 30 in a hydra-like fashion. Likewise, the outermost or discharge end of the microtubules 12 extend hydra-like in the subarachnoid space 38.
It will be appreciated that the positioning of the catheter 10 as shown in FIG. 6 does not require any pres-sure regulating valves. Such valves are used with con-ventional catheters that return the cerebrospinal fluid to the heart or peritoneal cavity. Also, this procedure returns the cerebrospinal fluid to its site of normal absorption in the subarachnoid space 38.
The large number of inlet apertures 18 formed by the perforations reduces the tendency for a shunt to draw in and trap debris or tissue which would then Elow or cause flow obstruction. Also, this combination of extremely small apertures in the lateral surfaces of the micro-tubules together with the fluoropolymer material of the microtubules reduces the mechanical attachment of tissue and aids revisions if needed. The small diameter of the perforations 18 reduces the probability of cerebrospinal 117~
fluid flow blockage caused by localized collapse of the ventricle.
While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been described it will be appreciated that various struc-tural modifications and procedural changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the subjoined claims. More particularly, it is contemplated that both the material and the geometry of the sputter mask mesh 28 can be varied. This, in turn, changes the positioning as well as the configuration of the perforations 18 in the microtubules 12. It is also cont~mplated that while the microtubules 12 are shown mounted on a mandrel 24 in a substantially parallel juxtaposition, as shown in both FIGS. 2 and 3, other mounting arrangements may be relied on. More particu-larly, the microtubules 12 may be wrapped on the mandrel 24 in a spiral mounting. It is further contemplated that the microtubules 12 shown in FIG. 3 may be twisted and held in a twisted position during ion sputtering. Sub-sequent to the perforations 18 being formed the twisting forces are removed so that the perforations then have a general spiral configuration about the walls of the microtubules 12.
Technical Field This invention is directed to an improved cerebro-spinal fluid shunt in the form of a ventricular catheter for controlling the condition of hydrocephalus by relieving the excessive cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
The invention is further concerned with an improved method for fabricating the catheter and an improved method of shunting the cerebral fluid from the cerebral ventricles to other areas of the body.
The obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow pathways or its inadequate absorpotion via the arachnoid villi into the venus blood of the brain results in hydrocephalus. Surgical correction involves pressure controlled shunting of the cerebrospinal fluid. Typi-cally, a perforated silicon rubber catheter is implanted in one of the lateral ventricles of the brain with its perforated tip located near the frontal horn. The cerebrospinal fluid passes through a pressure regulating valve and is then typically shunted to the right atrium of the heart or the peritoneal cavity.
The shunt will fail to function if the inlet ven-tricular catheter apertures become blocked. Shunt flow failure will also occur if the ventricle collapses due to improper valve function causing over drainage.
Heretofore, previously designed ventricular catheters have been found deficient as a result of high incidence of inlet blockage caused by the ingrowth of the choroid plexas, ventrical collapse over the catheter orifices, or hemorrhage, cellular, and fibrin debris.
Multiple surgical revisions during the first several years after birth is common because of inlet blockage of the catheters.
Various geometry ventricular catheters have been proposed in which the inlet orifices are hidden or covered by complicated structures. The hidden inlet type geometries have not resulted in a decreased probability of blockage.
Background Art In the prior art U.S. patent No. 4,182,343 discloses a double ventricular drain tube having a double cavity.
A rubber outer tube has one end which is sealed with the other end being open. This outer tube encloses a rubber inner tube that is shorter than the outer tube. One end of the inner tube is fixed to the inner wall of the sealed end of the outer tube and the other end of the inner tube is open. This inner tube may or may not be fixed to the inner wall of the outer tube. The outer tube and the inner tube, respectively, have a pluarlity of holes passing through their respective side walls.
The holes through the outer tube side wall are positioned in such a manner so that they do not align with the holes in the side wall of the inner tube.
U.S. patent No. 3,595,241 discloses a medicosurgical tube having a swab member positioned inside the tube so constructed or arranged that it may be pulled through the tube and out the proximal end. In such a catheter, the 11~7'~137 lumen is positively protected throughout the tube length against the possibility of blood clots or other matter preventing liquid flow through the tube following the tube insertion procedure.
U.S. patent Nos. 3,753,439 and 3,~23,782 disclose several types of surgical drains. These drains rely on relatively large holes in the tube wall, and a padding or net is utilized to prevent entry of material into the holes. None of the prior art patents discloses a catheter which would be suitable for insertion into the human brain.
Disclosure of Invention The ventricular catheter of the present invention comprises a multiplicity of inlet microtubules. Each microtubule has both a large opening at its inlet end and a multiplicity of microscopic openings along its lateral surfaces.
The microtubules are perforated by a new and novel ion beam sputter etch technique. The holes are etched in each microtubule by directing an ion beam through an electro formed metal mesh mask producing perforations having diameters ranging from about 14 microns to about 150 microns.
This combination of a multiplicity of fluoropolymer microtubes, the numerous small holes provided in the lateral surfaces of the tubes, and the hydra-like distri-bution of the tubes provide a new and novel catheter.
This structure assures a reliable means for shunting cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebral ventricles to selected areas of the body.
Brief Description of the Drawings The objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be more fully apparent from the following ~17~37 detailed description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of a ventricular catheter constructed in accordance with the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic vie~ showing apparatus for perforating the walls of the microtubules utilized in t'ne catheter shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the lines 3-3 in FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is a scanning electron pllotomicrograph show-ing the outside surface of a sputter perforated micro-tubule.
FIG. 5 is a scanning elec-tron ,o'notomicrograph show-ing a sputter perforated microtubule in section, and FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the direct shunt-ing of cerebrospinal fluid from a lateral ventricle to the subarachnoid space using sputter perforated micro-tubules.
Best ~ode for Carrying Out the Invention . . _ . . . _ . . _ Referring now to the drawing there is shown in FIG.
1 a ventricular catheter 10 constructed in accordance with the present invention. ~ach catheter 10 comprises a plurality of pliable microtubules 12. A bundle of the microtubules 12 may be covered by a tubular sheath 14 which is connected to a conventional valved shunting system .
The microtubules 12 are of a fluoropolymer material and can be varied in number, diameter, wall thickness, length and material. Typical fluoropolymers that are satisfactory for the microtubules 12 are polytetrafluoro-ethylene and fluoroethylene propylene. Living cells of the human body tend not to adhere to such materials, and no major anchorage problem results.
11';~'~137 Each microtubule 12 has an inlet end 16 which is preferably open and is of a larger diameter than each of the multiplicity of ion beam sputtered microscopic per-forations 18 along a relatively long extent of the lateral surfaces as shown in greater detail in FIGS. 4 and 5. It is further contemplated that the inlet end 16 may be closed in certain embodiments.
The -tubular sheath 14 is preferably of a silicone rubber tubing of small diameter to minimize the penetra-tion thereby reducing the danger o infection. Silicon tubing having an outer diameter of about .015 m has been satisfactory. The type of transition from the fluoro-carbon bundle to the silicone rubber tubing can be varied in geometry.
Preselected areas of the microtubules 12 are per-forated by exposing them to an ion beam 20 from a suit-able source 22 as shown in FIG. 2. The ion beam 20 is between 300 eV and 500 eV with a density sufficient to perforate the microtubules 12 at a predetermined exposure time as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
The argon ion beam may be from an electron bombard-ment ion source 22 of the type developed from electric propulsion technology. Such an ion source is described in "Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics" by H.
R. Kaufman, Vol. 36, pages 365 to 373.
Beam extraction may be accomplished by a dished, two grid ion optics system. Such a system is described in AIAA Paper No. 76-1017 entitled "A 30 cm Diameter Argon Ion Source". Neutralization of the ion beam may be achieved by secondary electrons released by ion bombard-ment of the walls of a vacuum facility (not shown) which houses the ion source 22. This vacuum facility is suffi-ciently large to minimize back sputtered facility mater-ial from contaminating the material being ion beam etched. The vacuum facility normally is maintained at a 117~137 pressure of 4xlO-5 torr during the operation of the ion source 22.
~ icrotubules 12 are mounted around the outer peri-pheral surface of a cylindrical mandrel 24 mounted for rotation about its normal axis downstream from the ion source 22. A suitable shield 26 is positioned between the source 22 and the mandrel 24 in close proximity with the mandrel. The ion beam 20 passes through the shield 26 in a manner well known in th art.
An electroformed screen 28 of extremely fine mesh is held in tension around the outermost surface edges of the microtubules 12 on the mandrel 24 as shown in FIG. 3.
Argon ions from the beam 20 pass through the screen 28 to form a pattern of perforations 18 as shown in FIG. 4.
More particularly, the electroformed metal mesh screen 28 functions as a mask to produce the desired apertures through the walls in the microtubules 12. These aper-tures 18 are microscopic in size, having a diameter between about 20 um and 150 um. The portion o~ the ion beam 20 passing through the shield 26 is shown in FIG. 3 and is substantially uniform in density throughout its entire width.
The utilization of sputter etching to perforate the inlet ventricular catheter microtubules 12 facilitates the fabrication of catheters having two orders of magni-tude increase in aperture density over that of conven-tional catheters shown in the prior art. This is evident because approximately 1100 apertures for each 20 um in diameter can be placed along a 1 cm length of micro-tubule.
The catheter 10 is comprised of a bundle of one or more microtubules 12, each being only about 0.44 mm in diameter. The resulting large number of inlet apertures reduces the tendency for the shunt to draw in and trap debris or tissue which would then cause flow obstruction.
llt7'~ 7 ~ le catheter ln can he used to drain cerebrospinal fluid from one of the lateral ventricles through a conventional valved shunting system to either the heart or the peritoneal cavity. The catheter also can be used for direct shunting of cerebrospinal fluid from a lateral ventricle 30 to selected areas of the human body using individual microtubules 12 as shown in FIG. 6. This lateral ventricle is in substantial juxtaposition with the third ventricle 32 wl~ich is positioned above the fourth ventricle 34.
The microtubules 12 extend from the lateral ven-tricle up through the pia mater to the subarachnoid space 38. This space is between the pia mater 36 and the arachnoid 40 which is positioned inwardly from the dura mater 42. The inlet ends 16 of the microtubules 12 extend into the lateral ventricle 30 in a hydra-like fashion. Likewise, the outermost or discharge end of the microtubules 12 extend hydra-like in the subarachnoid space 38.
It will be appreciated that the positioning of the catheter 10 as shown in FIG. 6 does not require any pres-sure regulating valves. Such valves are used with con-ventional catheters that return the cerebrospinal fluid to the heart or peritoneal cavity. Also, this procedure returns the cerebrospinal fluid to its site of normal absorption in the subarachnoid space 38.
The large number of inlet apertures 18 formed by the perforations reduces the tendency for a shunt to draw in and trap debris or tissue which would then Elow or cause flow obstruction. Also, this combination of extremely small apertures in the lateral surfaces of the micro-tubules together with the fluoropolymer material of the microtubules reduces the mechanical attachment of tissue and aids revisions if needed. The small diameter of the perforations 18 reduces the probability of cerebrospinal 117~
fluid flow blockage caused by localized collapse of the ventricle.
While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been described it will be appreciated that various struc-tural modifications and procedural changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the subjoined claims. More particularly, it is contemplated that both the material and the geometry of the sputter mask mesh 28 can be varied. This, in turn, changes the positioning as well as the configuration of the perforations 18 in the microtubules 12. It is also cont~mplated that while the microtubules 12 are shown mounted on a mandrel 24 in a substantially parallel juxtaposition, as shown in both FIGS. 2 and 3, other mounting arrangements may be relied on. More particu-larly, the microtubules 12 may be wrapped on the mandrel 24 in a spiral mounting. It is further contemplated that the microtubules 12 shown in FIG. 3 may be twisted and held in a twisted position during ion sputtering. Sub-sequent to the perforations 18 being formed the twisting forces are removed so that the perforations then have a general spiral configuration about the walls of the microtubules 12.
Claims (10)
1. In a ventricular catheter for controlling the condition of hydrocephalus by relieving the excessive cerebrosphinal fluid pressure, the improvement comprising a plurality of microtubular members for conducting cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebral ventricle to selected areas of the human body, each of said microtubular members having a plurality of perforations in a portion of the walls thereof adjacent to at least one end of said member, said one end having an opening therein that is substantially greater than each of said perforations.
2. A ventricular catheter as claimed in claim 1 wherein the microtubular members are of a fluoropolymer material.
3. A ventricular catheter as claimed in claim 2 wherein the microtubular members are of a fluoropolymer material selected from the group consisting essentially of polytetrafluoroethylene and fluoroethylene propylene.
4. A ventricular catheter as claimed in claim 1 including a tubular sheath member for enclosing said microtubular members with said perforated portions of said microtubular members extending from one end of said sheath.
5. A ventricular catheter as claimed in claim 4 wherein the tubular sheath member is of a silicone rubber material.
6. A ventricular catheter as claimed in claim 5 wherein the tubular sheath member has a diameter of about 0.015 m.
7. A ventricular catheter as claimed in claim 6 wherein the microtubular members have diameters of about 0.44 mm.
8. A ventricular catheter as claimed in claim 7 wherein the perforations in the microtubular members have diameters between about 14 microns and 150 microns.
9. A method of making a ventricular catheter for controlling the condition of hydrocephalus by relieving the excessive cerebrospinal fluid presure comprising the steps of covering a plurality of microtubular members with a mask having a plurality of microscopic openings therein, placing said covered microtubular members in a vacuum environment, and exposing said mask to a beam of ions whereby per-forations are produced in said microtubular members.
10. A method of making a ventricular catheter as claimed in claim 9 including the steps of enclosing a plurality of said perforated micro-tubular members in a tubular sheath.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/272,407 US4377169A (en) | 1981-06-10 | 1981-06-10 | Ion beam sputter-etched ventricular catheter for hydrocephalus shunt |
| US272,407 | 1988-11-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1174137A true CA1174137A (en) | 1984-09-11 |
Family
ID=23039666
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000398432A Expired CA1174137A (en) | 1981-06-10 | 1982-03-16 | Ion beam sputter-etched ventricular catheter for hydrocephalus shunt |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4377169A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0066685B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5849158A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1174137A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3274192D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (52)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57204186A (en) * | 1981-06-10 | 1982-12-14 | Hitachi Ltd | Electrode processing method for magnetic reluctance element |
| US4741730A (en) * | 1982-10-04 | 1988-05-03 | American Hospital Supply | Hydrocephalus shunt with in-line filter |
| US4601724A (en) * | 1984-05-29 | 1986-07-22 | Cordis Corporation | Manufacture of tubing assembly for drainage catheter |
| JPS614644U (en) * | 1984-06-15 | 1986-01-11 | 泉工医科工業株式会社 | In-tissue indwelling drug injection tube |
| US4581012A (en) * | 1984-12-05 | 1986-04-08 | I-Flow Corporation | Multilumen catheter set |
| JPS61206460A (en) * | 1985-03-11 | 1986-09-12 | 大槻 泰介 | Catheter inserting apparatus for local injection of brain abscess |
| US4712551A (en) * | 1986-10-14 | 1987-12-15 | Rayhanabad Simon B | Vascular shunt |
| US4767400A (en) * | 1987-10-27 | 1988-08-30 | Cordis Corporation | Porous ventricular catheter |
| JPH0362066U (en) * | 1989-10-20 | 1991-06-18 | ||
| CA2071353C (en) * | 1991-12-10 | 1998-10-06 | Amy M. Wendell | Microbore catheter with side port(s) |
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| JPS5626738Y2 (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1981-06-25 |
-
1981
- 1981-06-10 US US06/272,407 patent/US4377169A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1982
- 1982-03-16 CA CA000398432A patent/CA1174137A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-04-01 EP EP82102826A patent/EP0066685B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-04-01 DE DE8282102826T patent/DE3274192D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-09 JP JP57097902A patent/JPS5849158A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3274192D1 (en) | 1987-01-02 |
| US4377169A (en) | 1983-03-22 |
| JPS631862B2 (en) | 1988-01-14 |
| EP0066685B1 (en) | 1986-11-12 |
| JPS5849158A (en) | 1983-03-23 |
| EP0066685A1 (en) | 1982-12-15 |
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