CA1184001A - Compound sanitary napkin - Google Patents
Compound sanitary napkinInfo
- Publication number
- CA1184001A CA1184001A CA000404957A CA404957A CA1184001A CA 1184001 A CA1184001 A CA 1184001A CA 000404957 A CA000404957 A CA 000404957A CA 404957 A CA404957 A CA 404957A CA 1184001 A CA1184001 A CA 1184001A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- overwrap
- sanitary napkin
- protector
- compound sanitary
- pad
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/45—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
- A61F13/47—Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins
- A61F13/474—Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins adjustable
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/56—Supporting or fastening means
- A61F13/58—Adhesive tab fastener elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/45—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
- A61F13/47—Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins
- A61F2013/4708—Panty-liner
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/505—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators with separable parts, e.g. combination of disposable and reusable parts
- A61F2013/5055—Possibility of doubling or putting in new pieces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F2013/53445—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad from several sheets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
- A61F2013/53908—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers with adhesive
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/56—Supporting or fastening means
- A61F13/58—Adhesive tab fastener elements
- A61F2013/582—Adhesive tab fastener elements with one strip on one place
Abstract
COMPOUND SANITARY NAPKIN
Thomas A. DesMarais ABSTRACT
Compound sanitary napkins comprising a primary menstrual pad and a panty protector joined by union means having limited extent. The primary menstrual pad comprises an absorbent core and, optionally, a pad overwrap and, also optionally, a fluid barrier. The panty protector comprises an absorbent element and a moisture barrier and, optionally, a protector overwrap and, also optionally, adhesive attachment means. The two constituents are joined at their corresponding ends, with the absorbent element of the panty protector inter-posed between the moisture barrier of the panty protector and the primary menstrual pad, by the union means in such a manner that the two are free to move relative to one another along essentially their entire common length. In use, the compound sanitary napkin is secured to the user's under-garments (as by the optional adhesive attachment means) in such a position that the primary menstrual pad is interposed between the panty protector and the user's body.
Thomas A. DesMarais ABSTRACT
Compound sanitary napkins comprising a primary menstrual pad and a panty protector joined by union means having limited extent. The primary menstrual pad comprises an absorbent core and, optionally, a pad overwrap and, also optionally, a fluid barrier. The panty protector comprises an absorbent element and a moisture barrier and, optionally, a protector overwrap and, also optionally, adhesive attachment means. The two constituents are joined at their corresponding ends, with the absorbent element of the panty protector inter-posed between the moisture barrier of the panty protector and the primary menstrual pad, by the union means in such a manner that the two are free to move relative to one another along essentially their entire common length. In use, the compound sanitary napkin is secured to the user's under-garments (as by the optional adhesive attachment means) in such a position that the primary menstrual pad is interposed between the panty protector and the user's body.
Description
COMPOUND SANITARY NAPKIN
Thomas A. DesMarais BACKGROUND OF THE INVE~TION
Field of the Invention This invention concerns dîsposable sanitary napkins. As used herein, sanitary napkins are considered to be absorbent devices designed to be worn e~ternally of the body by women, usually during their menstrual periods, and to ~eceive and eontain menses and other vaginal discharges.
Disposable sanitary napkins are intended to be ~ discarded after use and soiling ra~her than being cleaned and reused.
., .
Back~round Art Disposable sanitary napkins are staple items of modern socie~y. In their simplest form they comprise an absorbent element interposed between a pervious body contacting element and an impervious ~- protective barrier. The absorbent element is, of .,~
course, intended to re~eive and contain menses and other vaginal discharges. The body-contacting element (sometimes called a t:opsheet or an overwrap) is intended to provide more or less comfortable and dry-feeling contact with body surfaces while allowing free passage of fluids therethrough into the absorben~ element. The protective barrier is -i intended to prevent menses or other vaginal discharges which are expelled or which escape from ,; th~ absorbent element from soiling the user's garments.
~!
.. ,, ~.1~
1~4~
"
..
In addition to the three functional elements mentioned above, disposable sanitary napkins are generally provided with means for supporting the device adjacent the user's crotch area, even as the user moves, where it can most effectively perform its intended function. Traditionally, this support means has involved the use of waist encircling belts having suspenders depending from the front and rear thereof. These suspenders are 17~
of various designs and are provided with means of ; various designs for securing the sanltary napkins thereto.
More recently, sanitary napkins have been provided with adhesive attachment means for securing the device to the inner crotch area of the user's undergarments. Elimination of the traditional belt is generally considered to be a definite advance in sanitary napkin technology.
.: .
Usually, sanitary napkins are unitary structures of generally rec~angular or oval shape having a greater or lesser thickness depending on the particular design. U.S. Patents 595,861,
Thomas A. DesMarais BACKGROUND OF THE INVE~TION
Field of the Invention This invention concerns dîsposable sanitary napkins. As used herein, sanitary napkins are considered to be absorbent devices designed to be worn e~ternally of the body by women, usually during their menstrual periods, and to ~eceive and eontain menses and other vaginal discharges.
Disposable sanitary napkins are intended to be ~ discarded after use and soiling ra~her than being cleaned and reused.
., .
Back~round Art Disposable sanitary napkins are staple items of modern socie~y. In their simplest form they comprise an absorbent element interposed between a pervious body contacting element and an impervious ~- protective barrier. The absorbent element is, of .,~
course, intended to re~eive and contain menses and other vaginal discharges. The body-contacting element (sometimes called a t:opsheet or an overwrap) is intended to provide more or less comfortable and dry-feeling contact with body surfaces while allowing free passage of fluids therethrough into the absorben~ element. The protective barrier is -i intended to prevent menses or other vaginal discharges which are expelled or which escape from ,; th~ absorbent element from soiling the user's garments.
~!
.. ,, ~.1~
1~4~
"
..
In addition to the three functional elements mentioned above, disposable sanitary napkins are generally provided with means for supporting the device adjacent the user's crotch area, even as the user moves, where it can most effectively perform its intended function. Traditionally, this support means has involved the use of waist encircling belts having suspenders depending from the front and rear thereof. These suspenders are 17~
of various designs and are provided with means of ; various designs for securing the sanltary napkins thereto.
More recently, sanitary napkins have been provided with adhesive attachment means for securing the device to the inner crotch area of the user's undergarments. Elimination of the traditional belt is generally considered to be a definite advance in sanitary napkin technology.
.: .
Usually, sanitary napkins are unitary structures of generally rec~angular or oval shape having a greater or lesser thickness depending on the particular design. U.S. Patents 595,861,
2,625,161, and 3,111,948, for example, illustrate ;~ conventional types of sanitary napkins.
As noted, the usual sanitary napkin presents the appearance of and performs as a unitary (i.e.
one piece) device. While certain sanitary napkin designs involve two absorbent elements (as described ? in, for example, U.S. Patent 2,965,102 issued to :~ 30 Harwood on December 20, 1960) or two separable ~c ,i~
.. ~
r ~184~0 ~L
As noted, the usual sanitary napkin presents the appearance of and performs as a unitary (i.e.
one piece) device. While certain sanitary napkin designs involve two absorbent elements (as described ? in, for example, U.S. Patent 2,965,102 issued to :~ 30 Harwood on December 20, 1960) or two separable ~c ,i~
.. ~
r ~184~0 ~L
- 3 -:~`
- units (as described in, for example, U.S. Patent 2,683,457 issued to Cunningham on July 13, 1954), they perform as unitary devices.
While previously known sanitary napkins do ;, 5 perform their intended function, each conven~ional : design suffers from certain deficiencies in one or more of absorbency o~ body fluids~ protection ,- o~ the user's garments from soiling, and physical ~ comfort to the user.
.. ~ , .
One species of sanitary napkin which has gained popularity in recent times is sometimes referred to as a mini-pad or panty shield. These particular devices are generally no more than ;: conventional sanitary napkins in which the bulk and, therefore, the fluid capacity of the ab-sorbent element has been drastically reduced as : compared to conventional sanitary napkins. They are usually provided with adhesive attachment means. Such devices are generally perceived by ,; 20 the user has having enhancecl wearing comort, but their drastically reduced absorbent capacity makes them useful only when menstrual flows are small and impractical for use throughout the menstrual cycle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is of a compound sanitary napkin comprising a panty pro~ector and ~ a primary menstrual pad joined by ~mion means i having limited extent. The panty protector comprises an absorbent element and a moisture barrier while the primary menstrual pad comprises ...... .
an absorbent core. Optionally, bo~h the panty protector and the primary menstrual pad comprise fluid permeable overwraps. Optionally, the panty protector comprises an adhesive attachment means.
Optionally, the primary menstrual pad comprises a fluid barrier.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide compound sanitary napkins having enhanced absorbency, garment protection, and comfort as compared to eonventional sanitary napkins having the same, or even greater, amounts of absorbent material.
.
The present invention, therefore, provides a compound sanitary napkin comprising a~ elongate primary menstrual pad having two oppositely disposed ends and an elongate panty protector having two opposite-ly disposed ends wherein: (a.) said primary menstrual pad comprises a fibrous absorbent core; (b.) said panty protector comprises an absorbent element and a moisture barrier; and (c.) each of said ends of said primary menstrual pad is firmly affixed to the corresponding end of said panty protector by union means having limited extent in such a manner that there exists a continuous section compr~sing at least about 75% by length of the common length of said primary menstrual pad and said panty protector which section is uninter-rupted by points o~ attachment between said pr~mary menstrual pad and said panty protector.
BRIEF DESCR PTION OF THE DRAWINGS
To aid in the understanding of the invention, the following non-limiting drawings, in which the thickness of certain materials has been exaggerated for clarity, are presented:
, .
- 4a -Figure 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of the compound sanitary napkin of this invention.
Figure 2 i~ a side elevation view of the compound sanitary napkin shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of the compound sanitary napkin shown in Figures 1 and 2 as taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2.
Figure 4.is a partially cutaway perspective view of the embodiment of the compound sanitary napkin shown in Figures 1 and 2 wherein the :
spatial relationship between the constituents has been altered to clearly show the limited extent of the union means.
:
Figure 5 is a cross sectional view analogous -: 5 to that shown in Figure 3, but of a different embodiment of the compound sanitary napkin of this . invention.
Reference numerals are used consistently in '!i the drawings.
.' DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE IN~ENTION
While this specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming that which is regarded as the invention, it is anticipated that the invention can be more readily understood through reading the following detailed description of the invention and study of the appended drawings and examples.
:`
This invention is of a compound sanitary j napkin which exhibits absorbency for bodiiy 'i~ 20 fluids, protection of the user's garments from soiling, and physical comfort to the user. These attributes are superior to those oE conventional sanitary napkins having equivalent, or even ; greater, amounts of absorbent material.
The compound sanitary napkin oE this invention comprises a panty protector and a primary menstrual pad joined by union means having limited extent.
~igures l, 2, 3, and ~ are of one embodiment of ,.~i . .~
-
- units (as described in, for example, U.S. Patent 2,683,457 issued to Cunningham on July 13, 1954), they perform as unitary devices.
While previously known sanitary napkins do ;, 5 perform their intended function, each conven~ional : design suffers from certain deficiencies in one or more of absorbency o~ body fluids~ protection ,- o~ the user's garments from soiling, and physical ~ comfort to the user.
.. ~ , .
One species of sanitary napkin which has gained popularity in recent times is sometimes referred to as a mini-pad or panty shield. These particular devices are generally no more than ;: conventional sanitary napkins in which the bulk and, therefore, the fluid capacity of the ab-sorbent element has been drastically reduced as : compared to conventional sanitary napkins. They are usually provided with adhesive attachment means. Such devices are generally perceived by ,; 20 the user has having enhancecl wearing comort, but their drastically reduced absorbent capacity makes them useful only when menstrual flows are small and impractical for use throughout the menstrual cycle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is of a compound sanitary napkin comprising a panty pro~ector and ~ a primary menstrual pad joined by ~mion means i having limited extent. The panty protector comprises an absorbent element and a moisture barrier while the primary menstrual pad comprises ...... .
an absorbent core. Optionally, bo~h the panty protector and the primary menstrual pad comprise fluid permeable overwraps. Optionally, the panty protector comprises an adhesive attachment means.
Optionally, the primary menstrual pad comprises a fluid barrier.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide compound sanitary napkins having enhanced absorbency, garment protection, and comfort as compared to eonventional sanitary napkins having the same, or even greater, amounts of absorbent material.
.
The present invention, therefore, provides a compound sanitary napkin comprising a~ elongate primary menstrual pad having two oppositely disposed ends and an elongate panty protector having two opposite-ly disposed ends wherein: (a.) said primary menstrual pad comprises a fibrous absorbent core; (b.) said panty protector comprises an absorbent element and a moisture barrier; and (c.) each of said ends of said primary menstrual pad is firmly affixed to the corresponding end of said panty protector by union means having limited extent in such a manner that there exists a continuous section compr~sing at least about 75% by length of the common length of said primary menstrual pad and said panty protector which section is uninter-rupted by points o~ attachment between said pr~mary menstrual pad and said panty protector.
BRIEF DESCR PTION OF THE DRAWINGS
To aid in the understanding of the invention, the following non-limiting drawings, in which the thickness of certain materials has been exaggerated for clarity, are presented:
, .
- 4a -Figure 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of the compound sanitary napkin of this invention.
Figure 2 i~ a side elevation view of the compound sanitary napkin shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of the compound sanitary napkin shown in Figures 1 and 2 as taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2.
Figure 4.is a partially cutaway perspective view of the embodiment of the compound sanitary napkin shown in Figures 1 and 2 wherein the :
spatial relationship between the constituents has been altered to clearly show the limited extent of the union means.
:
Figure 5 is a cross sectional view analogous -: 5 to that shown in Figure 3, but of a different embodiment of the compound sanitary napkin of this . invention.
Reference numerals are used consistently in '!i the drawings.
.' DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE IN~ENTION
While this specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming that which is regarded as the invention, it is anticipated that the invention can be more readily understood through reading the following detailed description of the invention and study of the appended drawings and examples.
:`
This invention is of a compound sanitary j napkin which exhibits absorbency for bodiiy 'i~ 20 fluids, protection of the user's garments from soiling, and physical comfort to the user. These attributes are superior to those oE conventional sanitary napkins having equivalent, or even ; greater, amounts of absorbent material.
The compound sanitary napkin oE this invention comprises a panty protector and a primary menstrual pad joined by union means having limited extent.
~igures l, 2, 3, and ~ are of one embodiment of ,.~i . .~
-
4~0~L
~` - 6 -compound sanitary napkin 10 and illustrate primary menstrual pad 30, panty protector 20, and lmion : means having limited extent 40.
., . .~
-;; The primary menstrual pad is, as its name : 5 implies, that constituent of the compound sanitary . , `~ napkin intended to absorb the bulk of the bodily :' fluids discharged by the user. The primary menstrual pad comprises an absorbent core. Op-tionally, it can comprise a pad overwrap. Op-tionally, it can comprise a fluid barrier. In the : figures, reference numerals 31, 32 and 33, re-- spectively, refer to these components.
. .
Because the compound sanitary napkin is , . .
designed to absorb bodily fluids, principally : 15 menses and other vaginal discharges, the absorbent core must be constructed of a material which readily absorbs such fluids. In general, the absorbent core comprises a material which is ;- wetted by the fluids in question. Since menses and other bodily fluids are primarily aqueous solutions, materials which are ~etted by these ;.~ fluids can be broadly described as hydrophilic.
Unless otherwise indicated, as used in this specification the te.rm "hydrophilic" describes materials and surfaces which are wetted by the fluid in question. Thus, the absorbent core must .: be hydrophilic.
The state of the art respecting wetting of .i~ materi.als allows definition of hydrophilicity (and ' 30 wetting) in terms of contact angles and the ,J surace tensi.ons oE the fluids and solids involved.
' ~1 .~
This is discussed in detail in the American Chemical Society Publication entitled Contac~
An~le, Wettability and Adhesion edited by Robert F. Gould, and copyrighted in 1964ç
A sur~ace is said to be wetted by a fluid either when the contact angle between the fluid and the surface is less than 90 or when the fluid will tend to :~ spread spontaneously across ~he surface; both conditions normally coexist.
; . .
Menses normally has a surface tension of from about 35 to about 60 dynes per centimeter.
It will have a contact angle of less than 90 and will tend to spread spontaneously across a solid which has a critical surface tension value greater than the fluid surface tension. Since the surface tension of water is higher than that of menses, any solid which is wetted by water (i.e. which is literally hydrophilic in the precise, limited meaning of the word) is also usually wetted by menses.
.. . .
"t~ The material used in the absorbent core can achieve hydrophilicity by any convenient means.
For example, the material itself can be intrinsi-cally hydrophilic. Alternatively, the material can be pravided with a finish which renders its surface hydrophilic. Another method af rendering . the material hydrophilic is to treat it with a surfactant, such as a nonionic or anianic sur-factant, as by spraying the material with thesurfactant or dipping the material into the surfactant.
q ., .
C~i~
~ 8 --One example of a suitable material of con-struction for the absorbent core comprises airlaid wood pulp f`i~ers~ These fibers, sometimes known as comminution grade wood pulp fibers, are fibers w~ich have been liberated from the wood by any convenient means and dried, likewise by any convenient means. The resulting sheets of fibers are then comminuted to produce essentially intact individual fibers in a gaseous stream from which the fibers are ~hen formed into an absorbent batt.
Such absorbent batts are well known to those skilled in the diaper, bandage, and sanitary - napkin art. Absorbent cores formed from such batts, as well as those described hereinafter, can be of greater thickness in the middle regions than at the ends or edges or both ends and edges.
Altérnatively, but less preferably, the absorbent core can be made from an absorbent foam material such as cellulose foam or polyurethane foam. The latter, for example, can be made according to the teachings of U.S. Patent 4,067,832 . which issued to DesMarais on January 10, 1978.
:~ Another useful foam material is the polyester foam made according to the teachings of U.S. Patent 4,110,276 which issued to DesMarais on August 29, 1978.
Cellulose wadding as sometimes used in di.s-posable diap~rs can also be used to construct the absorbent core.
! .
' .t "~.~
`:~ Another ~aterial from which the absorbent core can be constructed comprises an unbonded -` array of non-absorbent, hydrophilic, resilient, moisture insensitive fibers. Such an array can be formed by airlaying, carding, or any means o ran-dom placement of fibers. Non-absorbent fibers are those fibers which will absorb within the fiber itself no more than about 6~/o (by weight of the iber) moisture when ~aintalned at 21C and 65% relative humidity for 24 hours. The term ~ moisture insensitive is used herein to describe `i7 fibers whose resiliency is relatively uneffected ; by the presence of moisture. Fibers are said to . be moisture insensitive when their initial modulus in the presence of moisture is at least about 90%
- of the initial dry state modulus. (Initial modulus can be measured according to A.S.T.M.
Standard Method D3822 "Standard Test Method for Textile Properties of Single Tex~ile Fibers."~
Resiliency is the intrinsic property of a fiber ~hich allows the individual fiber to resist physical deformation or, conversel~, which causes the fiber to tend to resume its c~riginal con-iguration after deformation such as elongation.
;t 25 Resiliency of Eibers can be cles~ribed by the initial modulus of the fibers. To be useful : herein, the fiber should have an initial modulus greater than about 30 grams per denier. Examples of useful fibers include polypropylene fibers sold 30 under the designation C-01 S-021 by Philips Petroleum Corp. of Bartlesville, Oklahoma; fibers sold under the"Orlon"trademark (such as type 72 '. Orlon) by E. I. DuPont DeNemours Incorporated of Wilmington, Delaware; those sold under the Kevlar trademark by DuPon~; those sold under the'~odel"
trademark by Eastman Chemical Products, Inc. of ,! '~ ..
c~
Kingsport, Tennessee; and polyester fibers. As noted, the surface of the fibers should be hydro-philic. Hydrophilicity can be imparted to the fibers by surfactant treatment as discussed above.
~` - 6 -compound sanitary napkin 10 and illustrate primary menstrual pad 30, panty protector 20, and lmion : means having limited extent 40.
., . .~
-;; The primary menstrual pad is, as its name : 5 implies, that constituent of the compound sanitary . , `~ napkin intended to absorb the bulk of the bodily :' fluids discharged by the user. The primary menstrual pad comprises an absorbent core. Op-tionally, it can comprise a pad overwrap. Op-tionally, it can comprise a fluid barrier. In the : figures, reference numerals 31, 32 and 33, re-- spectively, refer to these components.
. .
Because the compound sanitary napkin is , . .
designed to absorb bodily fluids, principally : 15 menses and other vaginal discharges, the absorbent core must be constructed of a material which readily absorbs such fluids. In general, the absorbent core comprises a material which is ;- wetted by the fluids in question. Since menses and other bodily fluids are primarily aqueous solutions, materials which are ~etted by these ;.~ fluids can be broadly described as hydrophilic.
Unless otherwise indicated, as used in this specification the te.rm "hydrophilic" describes materials and surfaces which are wetted by the fluid in question. Thus, the absorbent core must .: be hydrophilic.
The state of the art respecting wetting of .i~ materi.als allows definition of hydrophilicity (and ' 30 wetting) in terms of contact angles and the ,J surace tensi.ons oE the fluids and solids involved.
' ~1 .~
This is discussed in detail in the American Chemical Society Publication entitled Contac~
An~le, Wettability and Adhesion edited by Robert F. Gould, and copyrighted in 1964ç
A sur~ace is said to be wetted by a fluid either when the contact angle between the fluid and the surface is less than 90 or when the fluid will tend to :~ spread spontaneously across ~he surface; both conditions normally coexist.
; . .
Menses normally has a surface tension of from about 35 to about 60 dynes per centimeter.
It will have a contact angle of less than 90 and will tend to spread spontaneously across a solid which has a critical surface tension value greater than the fluid surface tension. Since the surface tension of water is higher than that of menses, any solid which is wetted by water (i.e. which is literally hydrophilic in the precise, limited meaning of the word) is also usually wetted by menses.
.. . .
"t~ The material used in the absorbent core can achieve hydrophilicity by any convenient means.
For example, the material itself can be intrinsi-cally hydrophilic. Alternatively, the material can be pravided with a finish which renders its surface hydrophilic. Another method af rendering . the material hydrophilic is to treat it with a surfactant, such as a nonionic or anianic sur-factant, as by spraying the material with thesurfactant or dipping the material into the surfactant.
q ., .
C~i~
~ 8 --One example of a suitable material of con-struction for the absorbent core comprises airlaid wood pulp f`i~ers~ These fibers, sometimes known as comminution grade wood pulp fibers, are fibers w~ich have been liberated from the wood by any convenient means and dried, likewise by any convenient means. The resulting sheets of fibers are then comminuted to produce essentially intact individual fibers in a gaseous stream from which the fibers are ~hen formed into an absorbent batt.
Such absorbent batts are well known to those skilled in the diaper, bandage, and sanitary - napkin art. Absorbent cores formed from such batts, as well as those described hereinafter, can be of greater thickness in the middle regions than at the ends or edges or both ends and edges.
Altérnatively, but less preferably, the absorbent core can be made from an absorbent foam material such as cellulose foam or polyurethane foam. The latter, for example, can be made according to the teachings of U.S. Patent 4,067,832 . which issued to DesMarais on January 10, 1978.
:~ Another useful foam material is the polyester foam made according to the teachings of U.S. Patent 4,110,276 which issued to DesMarais on August 29, 1978.
Cellulose wadding as sometimes used in di.s-posable diap~rs can also be used to construct the absorbent core.
! .
' .t "~.~
`:~ Another ~aterial from which the absorbent core can be constructed comprises an unbonded -` array of non-absorbent, hydrophilic, resilient, moisture insensitive fibers. Such an array can be formed by airlaying, carding, or any means o ran-dom placement of fibers. Non-absorbent fibers are those fibers which will absorb within the fiber itself no more than about 6~/o (by weight of the iber) moisture when ~aintalned at 21C and 65% relative humidity for 24 hours. The term ~ moisture insensitive is used herein to describe `i7 fibers whose resiliency is relatively uneffected ; by the presence of moisture. Fibers are said to . be moisture insensitive when their initial modulus in the presence of moisture is at least about 90%
- of the initial dry state modulus. (Initial modulus can be measured according to A.S.T.M.
Standard Method D3822 "Standard Test Method for Textile Properties of Single Tex~ile Fibers."~
Resiliency is the intrinsic property of a fiber ~hich allows the individual fiber to resist physical deformation or, conversel~, which causes the fiber to tend to resume its c~riginal con-iguration after deformation such as elongation.
;t 25 Resiliency of Eibers can be cles~ribed by the initial modulus of the fibers. To be useful : herein, the fiber should have an initial modulus greater than about 30 grams per denier. Examples of useful fibers include polypropylene fibers sold 30 under the designation C-01 S-021 by Philips Petroleum Corp. of Bartlesville, Oklahoma; fibers sold under the"Orlon"trademark (such as type 72 '. Orlon) by E. I. DuPont DeNemours Incorporated of Wilmington, Delaware; those sold under the Kevlar trademark by DuPon~; those sold under the'~odel"
trademark by Eastman Chemical Products, Inc. of ,! '~ ..
c~
Kingsport, Tennessee; and polyester fibers. As noted, the surface of the fibers should be hydro-philic. Hydrophilicity can be imparted to the fibers by surfactant treatment as discussed above.
- 5 A specific surfactant having use in this appli-cation is Pluronic L92, a nonionic surfactant having molecular weight of ~bout 3,600 and a hydroxyl number of about 31 as made by BASF
Wyandotte of Wyandotte, Michigan.
Preferably, the absorbent core is made from airlaid mixed softwood fibers and has a density of from about 0.03 to about 0.09 gram per cubic centimeter.
Optionally, the absorbent core can contain ancillary absorbent material which tends to increase its absorbent capacity. Ancillary materials such as the bibulous cellulosic fibers described in U.S. Patent 3,589,364 which issued to Dean et al on June 29, 1971 and the substantially insoluble acidic carboxymethyl cellulose produc~s shown in U.S. Patent 3,678,031 which issued to Schoggen on July 18, 1972 can be used effectively.
Optionally, and preferably, the primary menstrual pad is provided with pad overwrap 32 as shown in the figures. This pad overwrap can be any fluid permeable material commonly used as an overwrap in sanitary napkins or as a topshee~ in disposable diapers. Useful materials include carded, spun-bonded, melt blown web, airlaid webs, and other non-woven webs of natural or synthetic fibers.
Apertured and embossed and *'rrad~3mark apertured continuous thermoplastic films are also useul.
Preferably, the pad ove~rap is hydrophobic so that bodily fluids will not normally remain on the overwrap surface, ther~by presenting a drier feel to the user. The pad overwrap must be able to remain in contact with sensitive areas of the human body without causing irrita~ion.
0~
One preferred pad overwrap comprises an apertured hydrophobic film (such as a therrno-plastic film of, e.g. polyethylene) having a caliper of less than about 0.075 centimeter, an open area of at least about 35%, and being pro-vided with irregular apertures less than about 25% of which have an equivalent hydraulic diameter smaller than or equivalent to 0.064 centimeter.
(Equivalent hydraulic diameter is defined as four times the quotient of the area of the aperture divided by its perimeter.) Optionally, the surface of the overwrap oriented toward ~he absorbent core can be provided with a thin layer of uniformly distributed fibers, such as poly-ester, rayon, wood pulp, or cotton fibers, which preferably are less hydrophobic than the pad overwrap.
Another preferred pad overwrap i5 made from a fluid imperrneable rnaterial such as a thermo-plastic film (for example polyethylene film) which ,~ is provided with a multiplicity of protuberances projecting from the plane of the pad overwrap toward the absorbent core, which protuberances .
have a base in the plane of the pad over~rap and an apex remote from that plane. Both the apex and the base of essentially each protuberance are apertured. The opening may be circular or ir~
regularly shaped. Preferably, the maximal diagonal of the largest apex opening is from about 0.025 centimet~r to about 0.25 centimeter. (For rec-tilinear shapes, the maximal diagonal is the -- longest line which can be drawn between two non-adjacent vertices of the shape. For curvilinear shapes, the maximal diagonal is the largest diameter of the shape.) The maximal diagonal of the base opening is equal to or greater than the maximal diagonal of the apex opening. The pro-tuberances may be formed by using any of several different methods well known in the art. For example, the apparatus disclosed in U.S. Patent : 4,151,240 which issued to Lucas e~ al on April 4, can be used. The caliper, i.e. the thickness of the sheet after the protuberances have been fcrmed as measured from the base to the apex of the protuberance, can be from about 0.033 centimeter to about 0.089 centimeter.
Optionally, the primary menstrual pad can comprise a fluid barrier 33 as illustrated in Figure 5. This fluid barrier tends to contain absorbed fluids within the absorbent core and can be constructed from materials having the same properties as the panty protector moisture barrier ; described hereinafter.
.. ,~
,~, The length and width of the primary menstrual pad can be of any convenient character. While it can be generally circular or oval in its unstressed cross-sectional shape, it is preferably rectangular in cross-section. For example, the primary :; menstrual pad, can be from about 15 to about 25 centimeters long, and from abou~ 3 to about 6 centimeters in width.
The second necessary constitutent of the compound sanitary napkin of this inv~ntion is the panty protector. The panty protector comprises an absorbent element and a moisture barrier. Op-tionally, and preferably, the panty protector also comprises a protector overwrap. Also optionally, and also preferably, the panty protector is provided with adhesive attachment means. In the figures, the panty protector is indicated by 20, the absorbent element by 21, the moisture barrier by 23, the protector overwrap by 22, and the , 20 adhesive attachment means by 24.
The absorbent element c:an be any absorbent material commonly used in sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, and the like. It can be any of the materials described above as being useful in the absorbent pad of the primary menstrual pad.
:, ~ s a practical matter, most of the bodily fluids are absorbed by and are contained within the absorbent pad of the primary menstrual pad.
One major function of the panty protector is, as . .
.i,~ . .
, .
its name implies, to protect the user's garments from soiling by absorbed fluids which may be expelled from ~he primary menstrual pad or which may inadvert,ently bypass i~. .Because the ab-sorbent element performs a different function from - that of the absorbent core, the absorbent element can be, and most ~referably is, somewhat smaller and less bulky than the absorbent core. In general, the absorbent element will contain at saturation a smaller total quantity of fluid than will the absorbent core.
Because the absorbent element has different requirements than does the absorbent core, it can be formed of different materials, For example, single or multiple plies of paper tissue as commonly : used in paper toweling or toilet tissue can be used to form the absorbent element. PrefQrably, the absorbent eLement is formed of from about 1 to about 5 plies of paper tissue.
Paper tissu~ comprising one or more plies having a basis weight of from about 24 to about 48 grams per square meter and an apparent density of from about 0.10 to about 0.12 grams per cubic centimeter as made by the process described in U.S. Patent 3,301,746 which issued to Sanford and Sisson on January 31, '1967 has been found to be quite satisfactory for use in this invention. Wet strength resins and latex binders can be, and preEerably are, used to provide additional strength to the paper tissue used in the absorbent element.
3C)~
Paper tissue made by the process described in U.S. Patent 3,994,771 which issued to Morgan et al on November 30, 1976, can also be used to good advantage in the absorbent ~lement In addition to the absorbent element, the - panty protector comprises a moisture barrier. The -~ moisture barrier underlays the absorbent element.
~ That is, the moisture barrier is placed adjacent _7~ 10 the absorbent element in such a manner that the c absorbent element is interposed between the moisture barrier and the primary menstrual pad.
In use, the mois~ure barrier is interposed between the absorbcnt element and the user's garments.
The function of the moisture barrier is, as its name impli~s, to prevent fluids which may be expelled from or which may inadvertently bypass the primary menstrual pad from contacting and soiling the user's garments. Any flexible, moisture impervious material can be used to construct the moisture barrier. Examples of suitable materials are films of thermoplastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene and films of natural and synthetic rubbers. Preferably, the moisture barrier is formed of low density poly-ethylene fllms having a thickness o~ ~rom about 0.012 to about 0.06 millimet,er.
In certain embodiments to be discussed below, the protector overwrap can unction as the mois-ture barrier~ Embodiments comprising a discretemoisture barrier and moisture barriers functionally provided by the overwrap are equivalen~ for the purposes of this specification.
- As shown in the figures, the panty protector can be of generally rectangular shape. Its ;5 thickness, as shown in cross-section in Figures 3 and 5, is generally somewhat less than its width.
However, the panty protector is not limited to rectangular shapes inasmuch as ovals,ellipsoids and the like are also useful.
Preferably, the panty protector is about the same length as the primary menstrual pad and is i essentially at least as wide as the primary menstrual pad in the unstressed condition. It is quite possible for the panty protector to be somewhat longer than the primary menstrual pad and still function effectively. In this situation, the panty protector will extend beyond the union means rather than terminating in the vicinity thereof as shown in the igures.
In addition to the absorbent element and the moisture barrier, the panty protector can optionally, and preferably, be supplied with a proteetor overwrap, The protector overwrap can be any o~ the materials described above as being useful for the pad overwrap. In addition to providing a soft, smooth surface which may incidentall~ cont~c~ the user's skin, the protector overwrap enhances the aesthetic characteril3tics of the compound sanitary napkin of this invention. In addition 9 in certain ~.~
embodiments the protector overwrap can function as ~``, a moisture barrier as discussed more fully herein-after.
';.
," In the embodiment of the compound sanitary - 5 napkin illustrated in Figure 3, protector overwrap ,, 22 completely encases absorbent element 21 and moisture bar-rier 23. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 5, protector overwrap 22 completely ~,,,,, encases absorbent element 21 but is interposed ' lO between absorbent element 21 and moisture barrier 23. Preferably, the former configuration is used.
As noted above, certain materials which can be used for the protector overwrap can also function as the moisture barrier. The apertured , 15 films described in detail hereinbefore are such ,'! material,s. When they are constructed as dis-cussed, they will function both as the protector overwrap (i.e., fluids will pass through them in one direction) and as the moisture barrier ; 20 (i.e. fluids will not readily pass through them in the reverse direction).
Optionally, and prefera'bly, t'he panty pro-tector is provided with adhesive attachment means.
The attachment means can be any eonvenient material such as the adhesives commonly used in the sanitary napkin art to secure sanitary napkins to the inner ,.. .
, , .
....
4~0:~
:
~ - 18 -.
. .;, crotch area of the user's undergarments. It is affixed to the panty protector by any convenient means on the outermost surface thereof and ad-:
- jacent that face which is opposite the face ~ 5 disposed toward the primary menstrual pad.
.- Normally, the exposed adhesive surface of the attac~nent means is covered with a release tape as ~. ~;
is well known to those skilled in the sanitary napkin art. The function of the protective release tape, which is not shown in the figures, ~'~. is to cover the adhesive attachment means and prevent its adhering to packaging materials or other surfaces until such time as the user affixes the compound sanitary napkin to her undergarment.
. -:
. 15 While it is preferred that the compound sanitary napkin be affixed to the user's under-garments through the agency of adhesive attachment means, it can be 50 affixed by any other con-venient method such as the use of safety pins.
Optionally, but not preferably, the compound sanitary napkin can be supported adjacent the "~ user's crotch area through the agency of a con-ventional sanitary napkin supporting belt. In this latter circumstance, the compound sanitary napkin can be affixed to the supporting belt by any convenient means. In this latter circumstance, the physical comfort of ~he compound sanitary napkin may be decreased.
To form the compound sanitary napkin of this invention, the primary menstrual pad and the panty `, protector are joined by union means having limite~
extent.
.. ~ .
..~
~-~ The preclse nature of the union means is immaterial so long as the ~mion means selected serves to join the primary menstrual pad and the panty protector into the compound sanitary napkin of this invention with sufficient tenacity that the primary menstrual pad and the panty protector are not disconnected during use. Union means such as adhesive attachment with well known hot "~ melt adhesives and sewing are quite satisfactory.
If the natures of the components selected to construct the constituents of the compound sani-tary napkin so permit, heat welding, ultrasonic welding, or a combination of both heat and ultra-sonic welding can be used.
. .
While the precise nature of the union means ; is immaterial, the extent of the attachment between the primary menstrual pad and the panty protector is critical to the functioning of the compound sanitary napkin.
As used herein, the term "union means having limited extent" designates a means for firmly attaching each end of the priTnary menstrual pad to the corresponding end of the panty protector in such a manner that the two components are free to move relative to one another along essentially their entire common length. The two components are ree to move with respect to one another along es-sentially their entire common length when, in use, , a con~inuous section of at least about 75% (by , 30 length) o~ their co~mon length is uninterrupted by '~, points of attachment between the two constituents.
~.i~ . .
., ~ - 20 -:
The immediately preceding description of the union means o~ limited extent describes the ^ situation in which the corresponding ends of the primary menstrual pad and the panty protector are ; 5 joined one to another. (This is the embodiment illustrated in the figures.) It is to be understood that the use of the term "end" in this connection does not necessarily mean the exact literal end of the constituent under discussion. The term ~) 10 "end" is to be construed to refer to that general region adjacent the effective end of the constituent under discussion. For example, the preceding discussion indicated that the panty protector may have a length substantially greater than that of the primary menstrual pad. In this situation, should the primary menstrual pad be superimposed l on the panty protector and adjacent the center ! thereof and joined thereto by union means at each end of the primary menstrual pad, the points of 20 attachment will be some dis~ance from the literal ends of the panty protector. However, for purposes of ~his specification, such a situation would result in the ends of the primary menstrual yad being attached to the effective ends of the panty 25 protector. As another example, it is possible for the optional pad overwrap placed about the absorbent core to extend beyond each end of the absorbent core. The primary menstrual pad could then be joined to the panty protector by union v 30 means located adjacent the actual end of the absorbent core, but such union means would be ~' located some distance from the actual ends of the optional pad overwrap. In this situation, .~
~ the e~fective ends of the prima~y menstrual pad would be joined to the effective ends of the panty protector even though a portion of pad overwrap - material extends beyond the locus of the union 5 means.
The compound sanitary napkin of this in-vention, as hereinbefore described in detail, ~-l performs its intended function of absorbing menses and other bodily fluid more effectively and ;~ 10 efficiently than h~retofo~ known sanitary napkins, provides greater protection from soiling of the user's garments than do previously kno~n sanitary nap~ins, and can be worn by the user with greater physical comfort than can previously known sani 15 tary napkins. Without being bound by any theory - of operation, it can be suggested that the im-proved functioning of the compound sanitary napkin relative to previously known sanitary-napkins is attributable to the use of the two constitutents - 20 (the primary menstrual pad and the panty pro-tector) joined by union means having limited " ex~ent. Figure 4 is a cutaway perspective view of the compound sanitary napkin shown in Figures 1 and 2 wherein the relative positions of the 25 constituents 2U and 30 are as if the two union means having limited extent 40 have been displaced toward one another thereby causing the mid por-tions of primary menstrual pad 30 and panty protector 20 to be displaced relative to one 30 another. This figure clearly illustrates the relative freedom of motion between the two con-stituents which exis~s when union means having limited extent are employed.
In use, the panty protector is normally ' secured to the user's undergarments where it is subjected to lat~tud~nal and longitudinal com-pressi~e and expansive'forces produced as the user - moves. Compressive forces are exerted on both ; 5 constituents by the user's body mo~icn~ generally by the user's legs. Expansive forces can be exerted on the panty protector by means of the ~ undergarment to which it is attached. The ~' primary menstrual pad, however, by virtue of its attachment to the panty protector by union means ' having limited extent, is free to move independently of the panty protector. ~hile it can not avoid some of the same compressive forces applied to the ' pant~ protector, it can in this state of relative freedom avoid some of the deleterious expansive forces applied to the panty protector. This avoidance of cyclical compression and expansion tends to avoid the loss of absorbent capacity normally experienced by absorbent bodies as they ~; 20 are compressed and expanded ~hereby providing a more ef~'icient reservoir for containing bodily fluids. The panty protector~ Oll the other hand, r~ tends to serve to capture bodily fluids occasionally expelled ~rom t'he primary menstrual pad, is not ,, 25 intended to absorb large quantities of fluid, and can easily withstand compression and reexpansion without being detrimentally affected to any practical extent. At the same time, the union means having limited extent serve to maintain the primary menstrual pad in its proper location ~ adjacent the user's crotch region. The f'lexibility ,J of the panty protector and its low bulk ~lso serve to enhance the protection Erom soiling af~orded the user's garments. As the user's movements cause her undergarment to compress, wrinkle, and reexpand, the low bulk and flexibility oE the panty protector allow it to remain associated with her undergarment and to compress, wrinkle, and ~eexpand with it thereby remaining in position to absorb bodily fluids expelled by or bypassing the primary menstrual pad.
'' The compound sanitary napkin has been de-scribed primarily in terms of a device to absorb and contain menses and other vaginal discharges.
While this is the principal use of such a device, - it can also be used to absorb urine as discharged by incontinent females.
In order to more fully describe the compound sanitary napkin of this invention, and not by way : 15 of limitation, the following examples are presented.
. .
: EXAMPLE I
A compound sanitary napkin of this invention was ronstructed from the following materials:
In the primary menstrual pad, the absorbent core was formed of carded polyester fibers sold under the tradem~rklT-54W Dacron"Staple by E. I.
; DuPont de Nemours ~ Company of Wilmington, Dela-ware. The fibers had a cut length of about 3.8 centimeters, were about 1.5 denier, and had about 4S% crimp. Prior to carding, the fibers were thoroughly washed in a 0.05% by weight solution of ~luronic P-84'(a no~ionic surfactant manufactured by BASF Wyandotte of Wyandotte, Michigan) and , 30 0.05/O tetrasodium pyrophosphate. (It should be noted that washing of the fibers is not normally considered to be a necessary step in the process of making the compound sanitary napkin of this in-*Trademark ., ;,.
:
- ~4 -vention. The particular fibers used in this ex~mple were commercially available fibers having an unknown, to the inventor, finish applied thereto.
It was deemed expedient to remove the unknown finish and then to treat the fibers as noted hereinafter to render the fiber surfaces hydro-philic. It is to be expected that fibers will be available commercially either having the desired finish thereon or being completely free of finish.
In the event that it is not possible to obtain fibers having a proper finish and surface character-istics, the fibers will be preferably washed prior to further processing and incorpora~ion into compound sanitary napkins.) The washed and rinsed fibers were treated with a 10% by weight solution of Pluracol 747 (a nonionic surfactant made by BASF Wyandotte) dissolved in equal volumes of ethanol and distilled water. The fibers were separated from the treatment solution by vacuum ~iltration and dried at ambient conditions. The optional pad and protector overwraps were used and were fabricated from 0.025 millimeter thick polyethylene film which was provided with penta-gonal apertures having a maximal diagonal of about 0.08 centimeter and an open area of about 45%. In addition, the surfaces of the overwraps which were disposed toward the absorbent core and the absorbent element were provided with an essentially uniform covering of approximately 20 grams per square meter of mixed softwood pulp ibers secured there-to by a pressure sensitive latex adhesive sold under the designation CA-5885X by Century Adhesives Co. of Columbus, Ohio. The adhered pulp fibers were : treated with L-92 surfactant from 5% (by weight) ethanol solution so that each pad overwrap and each *Trad~mark ' protector overwrap, as described below, con-.
tained about 0.003 gr~m surfactan~ associated with the pulp fibers.
In the panty protector, the absorbent element comprised two sheets of a coTmnercially available two-ply tissue paper towel product having a basis weight of approximately 26 grams per s~uare meter as sold under the Bounty trademark by Procter &
Gamble of Cincinrlati, Ohio. The protector over-wrap was the same material described above for $he pad overwrap. In this embodiment, the protector overwrap functioned as the moisture barrier. The -~ panty protector was provided with adhesive attach-ment means comprising hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive sold under the trademark Instant Lok 34-2823 by National Starch Co. of Bridgewater, New : Jersey, which had been extruded onto a silicone treated release paper prior to association with the protec~or overwrap.
Three grams of carded polyester fibers were pLaced on a rectangular section of pad overwrap material measuring approximately 14 cen~imeters by 25.4 centimeters. (The fibers adhered to the pad overwrap were oriented toward the polyester fibers.) The polyester fibers were formed into anabsorbent core by spreading them in an essentially uniform thickness layer approximately 15.9 centi-me~ers long by 5 centimeters wide. The overwrap material was folded about the absorbent core and ~ 30 heat welded with a longitudinal seam to form the ;! primary menstrual pad.
`~
~? "
Two sheets of paper tissue ~oweling material : each approximately 17.1 centimeters by 7.6 centi--~ meters were placed in the center of a rec~angular section of protector overwrap material measuring 5 approximately 19 centime~ers by 25.4 centimeters.
(The fibers adhered to the protector overwrap ; material were oriented toward the absorbent element.) -~ The protector overwrap was carefully folded about the absorbent element and heat welded with a 10 longitudinal seam to form the panty protector.
The assembled panty protec~or was placed on a flat surface with the longitudinal seam facing ;' downwardly. The assembled primary menstrual pad . was placed on the panty protector with the seam : 15 oriented toward the panty protector and the longitudinal axes of the two constituents parallel.
. .
Union means having limited extent were used to join the two constituents. In this example, the union means comprised two narrow heat welds each 20 extending laterally across the two constituents with one adjacent each end of the absorbent core ~;. and between the absorbent core and the end of the protector overwrap. Excess overwrap material was trimmed from each end of the primary menstrual pad and the panty protector as near the heat seal as possible. The resulting compound sanitary napkin was approximately 18.4 centimeters long and 7.9 ~ centimeters wide.
; The release tape and adhesive attachment ~' 30 means were applied to the ~mderside (seam-side) of ,~ the panty protector.
The assembled unit was sterilized by ethylene oxide treatment before use.
. ~
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The resulting product was absorbent, provided protection from soiling, and was judged by users to be physically comfortable.
.:
EXAMPLE II
A second embodiment of the compound sanitary napkin of this inven~ion was constructed as in Ex~mple I with the following differences:
The absorben~ core was formed of comminuted and airlaid southern softwood fluff pulp which was formed into a rectangle measuring approximately 5.1 centimeters by 17.8 centimeters weighing approximately 5 grams and having a density of approximately 0.06 gram per cubic centimeter. The ~ pad overwrap and the protector overwrap were - 15 formed of the same apertured film used in Example - I, but neither had the layer of fibers adhered to the inner surfaces thereof. The absorbent core and the absorbent elements were adhesively affixed ; to, respectively, the inner surfaces of the pad o~erwrap and the protector overwrap before the overwraps were heat welded with longitudinal seams. The absorbént element was approximately 7.6 centimeters by 17.8 centimeters. The finished product was approximately 20.3 centimeters long by 7.9 centimeters wide. After assembly, the upper surface or the compound sanitary napkin was essen-tially uniformly treated with about 0.005 gram L-92 from 5% (by weight) ethanol solution and, after the ethanol had evaporated, about 0.001 gram ~o.
~1745 U.S.P. grade talc made by Whittaker, Clarlc ~ Dani.els, Inc. oE South Plainfield, New Jersey.
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. - 28 -As did the product of E~ample 1, the produc~
: of Example II was absorbent, provided protection from soiling and, was judged by users to be physically comfortable, . -:
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Wyandotte of Wyandotte, Michigan.
Preferably, the absorbent core is made from airlaid mixed softwood fibers and has a density of from about 0.03 to about 0.09 gram per cubic centimeter.
Optionally, the absorbent core can contain ancillary absorbent material which tends to increase its absorbent capacity. Ancillary materials such as the bibulous cellulosic fibers described in U.S. Patent 3,589,364 which issued to Dean et al on June 29, 1971 and the substantially insoluble acidic carboxymethyl cellulose produc~s shown in U.S. Patent 3,678,031 which issued to Schoggen on July 18, 1972 can be used effectively.
Optionally, and preferably, the primary menstrual pad is provided with pad overwrap 32 as shown in the figures. This pad overwrap can be any fluid permeable material commonly used as an overwrap in sanitary napkins or as a topshee~ in disposable diapers. Useful materials include carded, spun-bonded, melt blown web, airlaid webs, and other non-woven webs of natural or synthetic fibers.
Apertured and embossed and *'rrad~3mark apertured continuous thermoplastic films are also useul.
Preferably, the pad ove~rap is hydrophobic so that bodily fluids will not normally remain on the overwrap surface, ther~by presenting a drier feel to the user. The pad overwrap must be able to remain in contact with sensitive areas of the human body without causing irrita~ion.
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One preferred pad overwrap comprises an apertured hydrophobic film (such as a therrno-plastic film of, e.g. polyethylene) having a caliper of less than about 0.075 centimeter, an open area of at least about 35%, and being pro-vided with irregular apertures less than about 25% of which have an equivalent hydraulic diameter smaller than or equivalent to 0.064 centimeter.
(Equivalent hydraulic diameter is defined as four times the quotient of the area of the aperture divided by its perimeter.) Optionally, the surface of the overwrap oriented toward ~he absorbent core can be provided with a thin layer of uniformly distributed fibers, such as poly-ester, rayon, wood pulp, or cotton fibers, which preferably are less hydrophobic than the pad overwrap.
Another preferred pad overwrap i5 made from a fluid imperrneable rnaterial such as a thermo-plastic film (for example polyethylene film) which ,~ is provided with a multiplicity of protuberances projecting from the plane of the pad overwrap toward the absorbent core, which protuberances .
have a base in the plane of the pad over~rap and an apex remote from that plane. Both the apex and the base of essentially each protuberance are apertured. The opening may be circular or ir~
regularly shaped. Preferably, the maximal diagonal of the largest apex opening is from about 0.025 centimet~r to about 0.25 centimeter. (For rec-tilinear shapes, the maximal diagonal is the -- longest line which can be drawn between two non-adjacent vertices of the shape. For curvilinear shapes, the maximal diagonal is the largest diameter of the shape.) The maximal diagonal of the base opening is equal to or greater than the maximal diagonal of the apex opening. The pro-tuberances may be formed by using any of several different methods well known in the art. For example, the apparatus disclosed in U.S. Patent : 4,151,240 which issued to Lucas e~ al on April 4, can be used. The caliper, i.e. the thickness of the sheet after the protuberances have been fcrmed as measured from the base to the apex of the protuberance, can be from about 0.033 centimeter to about 0.089 centimeter.
Optionally, the primary menstrual pad can comprise a fluid barrier 33 as illustrated in Figure 5. This fluid barrier tends to contain absorbed fluids within the absorbent core and can be constructed from materials having the same properties as the panty protector moisture barrier ; described hereinafter.
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,~, The length and width of the primary menstrual pad can be of any convenient character. While it can be generally circular or oval in its unstressed cross-sectional shape, it is preferably rectangular in cross-section. For example, the primary :; menstrual pad, can be from about 15 to about 25 centimeters long, and from abou~ 3 to about 6 centimeters in width.
The second necessary constitutent of the compound sanitary napkin of this inv~ntion is the panty protector. The panty protector comprises an absorbent element and a moisture barrier. Op-tionally, and preferably, the panty protector also comprises a protector overwrap. Also optionally, and also preferably, the panty protector is provided with adhesive attachment means. In the figures, the panty protector is indicated by 20, the absorbent element by 21, the moisture barrier by 23, the protector overwrap by 22, and the , 20 adhesive attachment means by 24.
The absorbent element c:an be any absorbent material commonly used in sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, and the like. It can be any of the materials described above as being useful in the absorbent pad of the primary menstrual pad.
:, ~ s a practical matter, most of the bodily fluids are absorbed by and are contained within the absorbent pad of the primary menstrual pad.
One major function of the panty protector is, as . .
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its name implies, to protect the user's garments from soiling by absorbed fluids which may be expelled from ~he primary menstrual pad or which may inadvert,ently bypass i~. .Because the ab-sorbent element performs a different function from - that of the absorbent core, the absorbent element can be, and most ~referably is, somewhat smaller and less bulky than the absorbent core. In general, the absorbent element will contain at saturation a smaller total quantity of fluid than will the absorbent core.
Because the absorbent element has different requirements than does the absorbent core, it can be formed of different materials, For example, single or multiple plies of paper tissue as commonly : used in paper toweling or toilet tissue can be used to form the absorbent element. PrefQrably, the absorbent eLement is formed of from about 1 to about 5 plies of paper tissue.
Paper tissu~ comprising one or more plies having a basis weight of from about 24 to about 48 grams per square meter and an apparent density of from about 0.10 to about 0.12 grams per cubic centimeter as made by the process described in U.S. Patent 3,301,746 which issued to Sanford and Sisson on January 31, '1967 has been found to be quite satisfactory for use in this invention. Wet strength resins and latex binders can be, and preEerably are, used to provide additional strength to the paper tissue used in the absorbent element.
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Paper tissue made by the process described in U.S. Patent 3,994,771 which issued to Morgan et al on November 30, 1976, can also be used to good advantage in the absorbent ~lement In addition to the absorbent element, the - panty protector comprises a moisture barrier. The -~ moisture barrier underlays the absorbent element.
~ That is, the moisture barrier is placed adjacent _7~ 10 the absorbent element in such a manner that the c absorbent element is interposed between the moisture barrier and the primary menstrual pad.
In use, the mois~ure barrier is interposed between the absorbcnt element and the user's garments.
The function of the moisture barrier is, as its name impli~s, to prevent fluids which may be expelled from or which may inadvertently bypass the primary menstrual pad from contacting and soiling the user's garments. Any flexible, moisture impervious material can be used to construct the moisture barrier. Examples of suitable materials are films of thermoplastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene and films of natural and synthetic rubbers. Preferably, the moisture barrier is formed of low density poly-ethylene fllms having a thickness o~ ~rom about 0.012 to about 0.06 millimet,er.
In certain embodiments to be discussed below, the protector overwrap can unction as the mois-ture barrier~ Embodiments comprising a discretemoisture barrier and moisture barriers functionally provided by the overwrap are equivalen~ for the purposes of this specification.
- As shown in the figures, the panty protector can be of generally rectangular shape. Its ;5 thickness, as shown in cross-section in Figures 3 and 5, is generally somewhat less than its width.
However, the panty protector is not limited to rectangular shapes inasmuch as ovals,ellipsoids and the like are also useful.
Preferably, the panty protector is about the same length as the primary menstrual pad and is i essentially at least as wide as the primary menstrual pad in the unstressed condition. It is quite possible for the panty protector to be somewhat longer than the primary menstrual pad and still function effectively. In this situation, the panty protector will extend beyond the union means rather than terminating in the vicinity thereof as shown in the igures.
In addition to the absorbent element and the moisture barrier, the panty protector can optionally, and preferably, be supplied with a proteetor overwrap, The protector overwrap can be any o~ the materials described above as being useful for the pad overwrap. In addition to providing a soft, smooth surface which may incidentall~ cont~c~ the user's skin, the protector overwrap enhances the aesthetic characteril3tics of the compound sanitary napkin of this invention. In addition 9 in certain ~.~
embodiments the protector overwrap can function as ~``, a moisture barrier as discussed more fully herein-after.
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," In the embodiment of the compound sanitary - 5 napkin illustrated in Figure 3, protector overwrap ,, 22 completely encases absorbent element 21 and moisture bar-rier 23. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 5, protector overwrap 22 completely ~,,,,, encases absorbent element 21 but is interposed ' lO between absorbent element 21 and moisture barrier 23. Preferably, the former configuration is used.
As noted above, certain materials which can be used for the protector overwrap can also function as the moisture barrier. The apertured , 15 films described in detail hereinbefore are such ,'! material,s. When they are constructed as dis-cussed, they will function both as the protector overwrap (i.e., fluids will pass through them in one direction) and as the moisture barrier ; 20 (i.e. fluids will not readily pass through them in the reverse direction).
Optionally, and prefera'bly, t'he panty pro-tector is provided with adhesive attachment means.
The attachment means can be any eonvenient material such as the adhesives commonly used in the sanitary napkin art to secure sanitary napkins to the inner ,.. .
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. .;, crotch area of the user's undergarments. It is affixed to the panty protector by any convenient means on the outermost surface thereof and ad-:
- jacent that face which is opposite the face ~ 5 disposed toward the primary menstrual pad.
.- Normally, the exposed adhesive surface of the attac~nent means is covered with a release tape as ~. ~;
is well known to those skilled in the sanitary napkin art. The function of the protective release tape, which is not shown in the figures, ~'~. is to cover the adhesive attachment means and prevent its adhering to packaging materials or other surfaces until such time as the user affixes the compound sanitary napkin to her undergarment.
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. 15 While it is preferred that the compound sanitary napkin be affixed to the user's under-garments through the agency of adhesive attachment means, it can be 50 affixed by any other con-venient method such as the use of safety pins.
Optionally, but not preferably, the compound sanitary napkin can be supported adjacent the "~ user's crotch area through the agency of a con-ventional sanitary napkin supporting belt. In this latter circumstance, the compound sanitary napkin can be affixed to the supporting belt by any convenient means. In this latter circumstance, the physical comfort of ~he compound sanitary napkin may be decreased.
To form the compound sanitary napkin of this invention, the primary menstrual pad and the panty `, protector are joined by union means having limite~
extent.
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~-~ The preclse nature of the union means is immaterial so long as the ~mion means selected serves to join the primary menstrual pad and the panty protector into the compound sanitary napkin of this invention with sufficient tenacity that the primary menstrual pad and the panty protector are not disconnected during use. Union means such as adhesive attachment with well known hot "~ melt adhesives and sewing are quite satisfactory.
If the natures of the components selected to construct the constituents of the compound sani-tary napkin so permit, heat welding, ultrasonic welding, or a combination of both heat and ultra-sonic welding can be used.
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While the precise nature of the union means ; is immaterial, the extent of the attachment between the primary menstrual pad and the panty protector is critical to the functioning of the compound sanitary napkin.
As used herein, the term "union means having limited extent" designates a means for firmly attaching each end of the priTnary menstrual pad to the corresponding end of the panty protector in such a manner that the two components are free to move relative to one another along essentially their entire common length. The two components are ree to move with respect to one another along es-sentially their entire common length when, in use, , a con~inuous section of at least about 75% (by , 30 length) o~ their co~mon length is uninterrupted by '~, points of attachment between the two constituents.
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The immediately preceding description of the union means o~ limited extent describes the ^ situation in which the corresponding ends of the primary menstrual pad and the panty protector are ; 5 joined one to another. (This is the embodiment illustrated in the figures.) It is to be understood that the use of the term "end" in this connection does not necessarily mean the exact literal end of the constituent under discussion. The term ~) 10 "end" is to be construed to refer to that general region adjacent the effective end of the constituent under discussion. For example, the preceding discussion indicated that the panty protector may have a length substantially greater than that of the primary menstrual pad. In this situation, should the primary menstrual pad be superimposed l on the panty protector and adjacent the center ! thereof and joined thereto by union means at each end of the primary menstrual pad, the points of 20 attachment will be some dis~ance from the literal ends of the panty protector. However, for purposes of ~his specification, such a situation would result in the ends of the primary menstrual yad being attached to the effective ends of the panty 25 protector. As another example, it is possible for the optional pad overwrap placed about the absorbent core to extend beyond each end of the absorbent core. The primary menstrual pad could then be joined to the panty protector by union v 30 means located adjacent the actual end of the absorbent core, but such union means would be ~' located some distance from the actual ends of the optional pad overwrap. In this situation, .~
~ the e~fective ends of the prima~y menstrual pad would be joined to the effective ends of the panty protector even though a portion of pad overwrap - material extends beyond the locus of the union 5 means.
The compound sanitary napkin of this in-vention, as hereinbefore described in detail, ~-l performs its intended function of absorbing menses and other bodily fluid more effectively and ;~ 10 efficiently than h~retofo~ known sanitary napkins, provides greater protection from soiling of the user's garments than do previously kno~n sanitary nap~ins, and can be worn by the user with greater physical comfort than can previously known sani 15 tary napkins. Without being bound by any theory - of operation, it can be suggested that the im-proved functioning of the compound sanitary napkin relative to previously known sanitary-napkins is attributable to the use of the two constitutents - 20 (the primary menstrual pad and the panty pro-tector) joined by union means having limited " ex~ent. Figure 4 is a cutaway perspective view of the compound sanitary napkin shown in Figures 1 and 2 wherein the relative positions of the 25 constituents 2U and 30 are as if the two union means having limited extent 40 have been displaced toward one another thereby causing the mid por-tions of primary menstrual pad 30 and panty protector 20 to be displaced relative to one 30 another. This figure clearly illustrates the relative freedom of motion between the two con-stituents which exis~s when union means having limited extent are employed.
In use, the panty protector is normally ' secured to the user's undergarments where it is subjected to lat~tud~nal and longitudinal com-pressi~e and expansive'forces produced as the user - moves. Compressive forces are exerted on both ; 5 constituents by the user's body mo~icn~ generally by the user's legs. Expansive forces can be exerted on the panty protector by means of the ~ undergarment to which it is attached. The ~' primary menstrual pad, however, by virtue of its attachment to the panty protector by union means ' having limited extent, is free to move independently of the panty protector. ~hile it can not avoid some of the same compressive forces applied to the ' pant~ protector, it can in this state of relative freedom avoid some of the deleterious expansive forces applied to the panty protector. This avoidance of cyclical compression and expansion tends to avoid the loss of absorbent capacity normally experienced by absorbent bodies as they ~; 20 are compressed and expanded ~hereby providing a more ef~'icient reservoir for containing bodily fluids. The panty protector~ Oll the other hand, r~ tends to serve to capture bodily fluids occasionally expelled ~rom t'he primary menstrual pad, is not ,, 25 intended to absorb large quantities of fluid, and can easily withstand compression and reexpansion without being detrimentally affected to any practical extent. At the same time, the union means having limited extent serve to maintain the primary menstrual pad in its proper location ~ adjacent the user's crotch region. The f'lexibility ,J of the panty protector and its low bulk ~lso serve to enhance the protection Erom soiling af~orded the user's garments. As the user's movements cause her undergarment to compress, wrinkle, and reexpand, the low bulk and flexibility oE the panty protector allow it to remain associated with her undergarment and to compress, wrinkle, and ~eexpand with it thereby remaining in position to absorb bodily fluids expelled by or bypassing the primary menstrual pad.
'' The compound sanitary napkin has been de-scribed primarily in terms of a device to absorb and contain menses and other vaginal discharges.
While this is the principal use of such a device, - it can also be used to absorb urine as discharged by incontinent females.
In order to more fully describe the compound sanitary napkin of this invention, and not by way : 15 of limitation, the following examples are presented.
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: EXAMPLE I
A compound sanitary napkin of this invention was ronstructed from the following materials:
In the primary menstrual pad, the absorbent core was formed of carded polyester fibers sold under the tradem~rklT-54W Dacron"Staple by E. I.
; DuPont de Nemours ~ Company of Wilmington, Dela-ware. The fibers had a cut length of about 3.8 centimeters, were about 1.5 denier, and had about 4S% crimp. Prior to carding, the fibers were thoroughly washed in a 0.05% by weight solution of ~luronic P-84'(a no~ionic surfactant manufactured by BASF Wyandotte of Wyandotte, Michigan) and , 30 0.05/O tetrasodium pyrophosphate. (It should be noted that washing of the fibers is not normally considered to be a necessary step in the process of making the compound sanitary napkin of this in-*Trademark ., ;,.
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- ~4 -vention. The particular fibers used in this ex~mple were commercially available fibers having an unknown, to the inventor, finish applied thereto.
It was deemed expedient to remove the unknown finish and then to treat the fibers as noted hereinafter to render the fiber surfaces hydro-philic. It is to be expected that fibers will be available commercially either having the desired finish thereon or being completely free of finish.
In the event that it is not possible to obtain fibers having a proper finish and surface character-istics, the fibers will be preferably washed prior to further processing and incorpora~ion into compound sanitary napkins.) The washed and rinsed fibers were treated with a 10% by weight solution of Pluracol 747 (a nonionic surfactant made by BASF Wyandotte) dissolved in equal volumes of ethanol and distilled water. The fibers were separated from the treatment solution by vacuum ~iltration and dried at ambient conditions. The optional pad and protector overwraps were used and were fabricated from 0.025 millimeter thick polyethylene film which was provided with penta-gonal apertures having a maximal diagonal of about 0.08 centimeter and an open area of about 45%. In addition, the surfaces of the overwraps which were disposed toward the absorbent core and the absorbent element were provided with an essentially uniform covering of approximately 20 grams per square meter of mixed softwood pulp ibers secured there-to by a pressure sensitive latex adhesive sold under the designation CA-5885X by Century Adhesives Co. of Columbus, Ohio. The adhered pulp fibers were : treated with L-92 surfactant from 5% (by weight) ethanol solution so that each pad overwrap and each *Trad~mark ' protector overwrap, as described below, con-.
tained about 0.003 gr~m surfactan~ associated with the pulp fibers.
In the panty protector, the absorbent element comprised two sheets of a coTmnercially available two-ply tissue paper towel product having a basis weight of approximately 26 grams per s~uare meter as sold under the Bounty trademark by Procter &
Gamble of Cincinrlati, Ohio. The protector over-wrap was the same material described above for $he pad overwrap. In this embodiment, the protector overwrap functioned as the moisture barrier. The -~ panty protector was provided with adhesive attach-ment means comprising hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive sold under the trademark Instant Lok 34-2823 by National Starch Co. of Bridgewater, New : Jersey, which had been extruded onto a silicone treated release paper prior to association with the protec~or overwrap.
Three grams of carded polyester fibers were pLaced on a rectangular section of pad overwrap material measuring approximately 14 cen~imeters by 25.4 centimeters. (The fibers adhered to the pad overwrap were oriented toward the polyester fibers.) The polyester fibers were formed into anabsorbent core by spreading them in an essentially uniform thickness layer approximately 15.9 centi-me~ers long by 5 centimeters wide. The overwrap material was folded about the absorbent core and ~ 30 heat welded with a longitudinal seam to form the ;! primary menstrual pad.
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Two sheets of paper tissue ~oweling material : each approximately 17.1 centimeters by 7.6 centi--~ meters were placed in the center of a rec~angular section of protector overwrap material measuring 5 approximately 19 centime~ers by 25.4 centimeters.
(The fibers adhered to the protector overwrap ; material were oriented toward the absorbent element.) -~ The protector overwrap was carefully folded about the absorbent element and heat welded with a 10 longitudinal seam to form the panty protector.
The assembled panty protec~or was placed on a flat surface with the longitudinal seam facing ;' downwardly. The assembled primary menstrual pad . was placed on the panty protector with the seam : 15 oriented toward the panty protector and the longitudinal axes of the two constituents parallel.
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Union means having limited extent were used to join the two constituents. In this example, the union means comprised two narrow heat welds each 20 extending laterally across the two constituents with one adjacent each end of the absorbent core ~;. and between the absorbent core and the end of the protector overwrap. Excess overwrap material was trimmed from each end of the primary menstrual pad and the panty protector as near the heat seal as possible. The resulting compound sanitary napkin was approximately 18.4 centimeters long and 7.9 ~ centimeters wide.
; The release tape and adhesive attachment ~' 30 means were applied to the ~mderside (seam-side) of ,~ the panty protector.
The assembled unit was sterilized by ethylene oxide treatment before use.
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The resulting product was absorbent, provided protection from soiling, and was judged by users to be physically comfortable.
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EXAMPLE II
A second embodiment of the compound sanitary napkin of this inven~ion was constructed as in Ex~mple I with the following differences:
The absorben~ core was formed of comminuted and airlaid southern softwood fluff pulp which was formed into a rectangle measuring approximately 5.1 centimeters by 17.8 centimeters weighing approximately 5 grams and having a density of approximately 0.06 gram per cubic centimeter. The ~ pad overwrap and the protector overwrap were - 15 formed of the same apertured film used in Example - I, but neither had the layer of fibers adhered to the inner surfaces thereof. The absorbent core and the absorbent elements were adhesively affixed ; to, respectively, the inner surfaces of the pad o~erwrap and the protector overwrap before the overwraps were heat welded with longitudinal seams. The absorbént element was approximately 7.6 centimeters by 17.8 centimeters. The finished product was approximately 20.3 centimeters long by 7.9 centimeters wide. After assembly, the upper surface or the compound sanitary napkin was essen-tially uniformly treated with about 0.005 gram L-92 from 5% (by weight) ethanol solution and, after the ethanol had evaporated, about 0.001 gram ~o.
~1745 U.S.P. grade talc made by Whittaker, Clarlc ~ Dani.els, Inc. oE South Plainfield, New Jersey.
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. - 28 -As did the product of E~ample 1, the produc~
: of Example II was absorbent, provided protection from soiling and, was judged by users to be physically comfortable, . -:
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Claims (24)
1. A compound sanitary napkin comprising an elongate primary menstrual pad having two oppositely disposed ends and an elongate panty protector having two opposite-ly disposed ends wherein: (a.) said primary menstrual pad comprises a fibrous absorbent core; (b.) said panty protector comprises an absorbent element and a moisture barrier; and (c.) each of said ends of said primary menstrual pad is firmly affixed to the corresponding end of said panty protector by union means having limited extent in such a manner that there exists a continuous section comprising at least about 75% by length of the common length of said primary menstrual pad and said panty protector which section is uninter-rupted by points of attachment between said primary menstrual pad and said panty protector.
2. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 1 wherein said primary menstrual pad comprises a pad overwrap.
3. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 2 wherein said panty protector comprises a protector overwrap.
4. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 1 wherein said panty protector comprises a protector overwrap.
5. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said panty protector comprises adhesive attach-ment means.
6. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said panty protector comprises adhesive attach-ment means and said primary menstrual pad comprises a fluid barrier.
7. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said absorbent core comprises wood pulp fibers.
8. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said absorbent core comprises wood pulp fibers and said panty protector comprises adhesive attachment means.
9. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said absorbent core comprises an unbonded array of nonabsorbent, hydrophilic, resilient, moisture insensitive fibers.
10. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said absorbent core comprises an unbonded array of nonabsorbent, hydrophilic, resilient, moisture insensitive fibers and said panty protector comprises adhesive attachment means.
11. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said absorbent element comprises wood pulp fibers.
12. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said absorbent element comprises wood pulp fibers and said panty protector comprises adhesive attachment means.
13. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said absorbent element comprises at least one ply of paper tissue.
14. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said absorbent element comprises at least one ply of paper tissue and said panty protector comprises adhesive attachment means.
15. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein said pad overwrap and said protector overwrap comprise non-woven fabric.
16. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein said pad overwrap and said protector overwrap comprise apertured film.
17. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein said pad overwrap and said protector overwrap comprise apertured film and said apertured film com-prises a thermoplastic film having a caliper less than about 0.075 centimeter, an open area of at least about 35% and wherein said apertures are irregular and at least about 25% of said apertures have an equivalent hydraulic diameter smaller than about 0.064 centimeter wherein said film functions as a moisture barrier and as a fluid barrier.
18. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 2 or 3 wherein said protector overwrap comprises an apertured film having a caliper less than about 0.075 centimeter, an open area of at least about 35%, and wherein said apertures are irregular and at least about 25% of said apertures have an equivalent hydraulic diameter smaller than about 0.064 centimeter and wherein said film functions as said overwrap and as said moisture barrier.
19. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein said pad overwrap and said protector overwrap comprise apertured film, said apertured film comprises a thermoplastic film provided with a multiplicity of protuberances having a base in the plane of said overwrap and an apex remote from said plane, wherein essentially each of said protuberances is provided with an aperture having a maximal diagonal of from about 0.025 centimeter to about 0.25 centimeter, and wherein essentially each base is provided with an aperture having a maximal diagonal at least as great as said maximal diagonal of said respective apex aperture, and wherein the caliper of said film is from about 0.033 to about 0.089 centimeter wherein said film functions as a moisture barrier and as a fluid barrier.
20. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 3 or 4 wherein said protector overwrap comprises an apertured thermoplastic film provided with a multiplicity of protuberances having a base, in the plane of said over-wrap and an apex remote from said plane, wherein essentially each of said protuberances is provided with an aperture having a maximal diagonal of from about 0.025 centimeter to about 0.25 centimeter, and wherein essen-tially each base is provided with an aperture having a maximal diagonal at least as great as said maximal diagonal of said respective apex aperture, and wherein the caliper of said film is from about 0.033 to about 0.089 centimeter and wherein said film functions as said overwrap and as said moisture barrier.
21. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein said absorbent core comprises wood pulp fibers;
said absorbent element comprises at least one ply of paper tissue; said pad overwrap and said protector over wrap comprise apertured thermoplastic film having a caliper less than about 0.075 centimeter, an open area of at least about 35%, and wherein said apertures are irregular and at least about 25% of said apertures have an equivalent hydraulic diameter smaller than about 0.064 centimeter, wherein said film functions as a moisture barrier and as a fluid barrier.
said absorbent element comprises at least one ply of paper tissue; said pad overwrap and said protector over wrap comprise apertured thermoplastic film having a caliper less than about 0.075 centimeter, an open area of at least about 35%, and wherein said apertures are irregular and at least about 25% of said apertures have an equivalent hydraulic diameter smaller than about 0.064 centimeter, wherein said film functions as a moisture barrier and as a fluid barrier.
22. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein said absorbent core comprises wood pulp fibers:
said absorbent element comprises at least one ply of paper tissue; said pad overwrap and said protector over-wrap comprise apertured thermoplastic film having a caliper less than about 0.075 centimeter an open area of at least about 35%, and wherein said apertures are irregular and at least about 25% of said apertures have an equivalent hydraulic diameter smaller than about 0.064 centimeter, and said overwraps are provided with a layer of uniformly distributed fibers, said uniformly distributed fibers being less hydrophobic than said overwrap.
said absorbent element comprises at least one ply of paper tissue; said pad overwrap and said protector over-wrap comprise apertured thermoplastic film having a caliper less than about 0.075 centimeter an open area of at least about 35%, and wherein said apertures are irregular and at least about 25% of said apertures have an equivalent hydraulic diameter smaller than about 0.064 centimeter, and said overwraps are provided with a layer of uniformly distributed fibers, said uniformly distributed fibers being less hydrophobic than said overwrap.
23. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein said absorbent core comprises wood pulp fibers;
said absorbent element comprises at least one ply of paper tissue; said pad overwrap and said protector over-wrap comprise apertured thermoplastic film having a caliper less than about a . 075 centimeter, an open area of at least about 35%, and wherein said apertures are irregular and at least about 25% of said apertures have an equivalent hydraulic diameter smaller than about 0.064 centimeter, and said panty protector comprises adhesive attachment means.
said absorbent element comprises at least one ply of paper tissue; said pad overwrap and said protector over-wrap comprise apertured thermoplastic film having a caliper less than about a . 075 centimeter, an open area of at least about 35%, and wherein said apertures are irregular and at least about 25% of said apertures have an equivalent hydraulic diameter smaller than about 0.064 centimeter, and said panty protector comprises adhesive attachment means.
24. The compound sanitary napkin of claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein said absorbent core comprises wood pulp fibers; said absorbent element comprises at least one ply of paper tissue; said pad overwrap and said protector overwrap comprise apertured thermoplastic film having a caliper less than about 0.075 centimeter, an open area of at least about 35%, and wherein said apertures are irregular and at least about 25% of said apertures have an equivalent hydraulic diameter smaller than about 0.064 centimeter, and said overwraps are provided with a layer of uniformly distributed fibers, said uniformly dis-tributed fibers being less hydrophobic than said over-wrap.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/273,122 US4425130A (en) | 1981-06-12 | 1981-06-12 | Compound sanitary napkin |
US273,122 | 1981-06-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1184001A true CA1184001A (en) | 1985-03-19 |
Family
ID=23042645
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000404957A Expired CA1184001A (en) | 1981-06-12 | 1982-06-11 | Compound sanitary napkin |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4425130A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0067465B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5836552A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE21818T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU549728B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8203445A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1184001A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3273001D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES276073Y (en) |
GR (1) | GR76101B (en) |
IE (1) | IE53018B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX156305A (en) |
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-
1981
- 1981-06-12 US US06/273,122 patent/US4425130A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1982
- 1982-05-24 EP EP82200630A patent/EP0067465B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-24 AT AT82200630T patent/ATE21818T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-05-24 DE DE8282200630T patent/DE3273001D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-25 GR GR68250A patent/GR76101B/el unknown
- 1982-06-11 CA CA000404957A patent/CA1184001A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-11 MX MX193111A patent/MX156305A/en unknown
- 1982-06-11 AU AU84800/82A patent/AU549728B2/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-11 IE IE1408/82A patent/IE53018B1/en unknown
- 1982-06-11 BR BR8203445A patent/BR8203445A/en unknown
- 1982-06-11 ES ES1982276073U patent/ES276073Y/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-12 JP JP57101265A patent/JPS5836552A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES276073U (en) | 1984-08-16 |
EP0067465A3 (en) | 1983-07-06 |
IE821408L (en) | 1982-12-12 |
AU549728B2 (en) | 1986-02-06 |
GR76101B (en) | 1984-08-03 |
JPS5836552A (en) | 1983-03-03 |
EP0067465A2 (en) | 1982-12-22 |
EP0067465B1 (en) | 1986-09-03 |
ES276073Y (en) | 1985-03-01 |
MX156305A (en) | 1988-08-09 |
JPH0342903B2 (en) | 1991-06-28 |
AU8480082A (en) | 1982-12-16 |
IE53018B1 (en) | 1988-05-11 |
ATE21818T1 (en) | 1986-09-15 |
DE3273001D1 (en) | 1986-10-09 |
BR8203445A (en) | 1983-06-07 |
US4425130A (en) | 1984-01-10 |
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