CA1187365A

CA1187365A - Film dressing with fabric backing

Info

Publication number: CA1187365A
Application number: CA000417396A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Darrell R. Thompson
Original assignee: Johnson and Johnson Products Inc
Current assignee: Johnson and Johnson Hospital Services Inc
Priority date: 1981-12-11
Filing date: 1982-12-09
Publication date: 1985-05-21
Also published as: AU553752B2; AU9141282A; EP0081990B1; DE3267328D1; ZA829107B; BR8207147A; US4706662A; EP0081990A1; NZ202603A; ATE16346T1; MX157547A

Abstract

FILM DRESSING WITH FABRIC BACKING

ABSTRACT

A dressing is disclosed which is made of a very thin film coated with an adhesive. In order to allow application of the dressing, the dressing has, on the surface opposite the adhesive, a fabric backing which is composed of a woven or non-woven fabric or a paper backing material.
The dressing can be applied to the wound and the fibrous backing then removed, or the fibrous backing may be retained in place.

Description

i5 Film Dressing With Fabric Backing Field of the Invention The present invention relates to surgical dressings made with a substrate of an extremely thin film and having a body-contacting adheslve on one surface of the film. The surgical dressings may be non-occlusive or occlusive.

Prior Art Surgical dressings made with composite layers of film and adhesive which are non-occlusive, that is, which have high moisture vapor transmission rates, have been disclosed in U.S. Patents 3,483,018 and 3,645,835. The moisture vapor transmission rate of these dressings is higher than the moisture vapor transmission rate of intact human skin.
These dressings are made from films which may be transparent and which have moisture vapor transmission rates of greater than 10 grams per 100 square inches per 24 hours. These dressings are used in many applications and have an advantage in that they are impervious to bacteria and liquid water but allow oxygen to penetrate the dressing from the ambient atmosphere and allow moisture vapor from the skin of the patient to escape from beneath the dressing.

These dressings are made of continuous films, that is, films which are not perforated and are not microporous.
The adhesive coating which is applied to these dressinys also has a moisture vapor transmission rate which is sufficient to allow the composite dressing to have a moisture vapor transmission rate of at least 10 grams per 100 square inches per 24 hours.

J&J 1056 ~2-In order to obtain the desired moisture vapor transmission rate, the dressings are made from extremely thin films of other polymeric materials, such as polyurethane, which have the desired moisture vapor transmission properties.
These films are extremely thin, less than 10 mils, and are very fle~ible, limp and flimsy because of their thinness.
These characteristics allow the dressing to be applied to the varying contours of the human body but also create significant problems in the application of the dressing to a patient. The thinness of the film and its flexibility and low weight very often cause the film to turn over onto itself during attempts to apply the film dressing to a patient. The film is similar in this property to poly-vinylidene chloride film household wrap. ~hen the adhe-sive surfaces of the film touch o~her adhesive surfaces ondifferent portions of the ilm, the film dressing sticks to itself and makes it extremely difficult, if not impossible, to apply the dressing to the patient.

Occlusive film dressings, that is dressings which have very low moisture vapor transmission rates~ i.e., below the rate of intact human skin, have also been used in some dressing applications. The dressings are employed to prevent moisture from escaping from the skin of the patient. The moisture vapor transmission rates of these dressings are less than 10 grams per 100 square inches for 24 hours. The occlusive film dressings are also made from extremely thin, usually transparent films and have the same difficulty in the application of the dressing to the patient as discussed above.

Summary of the Invention The present invention is directed to a film dressing which has signi~icantly greater ease in the application of the dressing to a patient The present dressing includes an J~ 1056 ~ ~ ~rS~3~ ` 5;

easily removable, opaque, fibrous bac]cing layer on that sur~ace of the film which is opposite the adhesive surface that is applied to the skin of the patient. The fibrous backing layer may be a wov~n or non--woven fabric or a flexible paper sheet. Because of the weight and thicXness of the fibrous backing layer relative to the film, the dressing has greatly improved handling properties and is very easy to apply to a patient. In the event that it is desirable to utilize the transparent characteristics of the film to examine a particular wound, the fibrous back-ing layer of the present invention can be easily removed from the dressing after the dressing is in place on the patient~s skin, and the wound can be examined through the dressing without disturbing the dressing's position on the wound.

According to a further broad aspect of the present inven-tion there is provided an adhesive dressing comprising a transparent continuous :Eilm of from 0.5 to 6 mils thick.
A skin-adhering adhesive is applied to one surface o-f the film. A release sheet overlies the adhesive. An opaque, fibrous backing material is removably secured to the side of the film opposite the release sheet to improve the handling characteristics of the dressing. The fabric backing has the same outside dimensions as the film and is capable of being read:ily removed from the film without removing the film from the skin of a patient.

The dressings of the present invention have wide applica--tion in the treatment of wounds of all types. They may be used on surgical incisions , cuts and abrasions and as minor burn dresslngs.

3~;5;

- 3a -_tailed Description of the Invention The invention will be better understood with reference to the following drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a bottom plan view of the dressing made in accordance with the present invention, Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the dressing of the present invention.

Fig~ 3 is a cross-sectional view of the dressing made in accordance with the present invention taken along lines 2-2 in Fig. 1, ~4--The films that are useful in the present surgical dressings can be made from a large number of polymers.
Suitable ~ilms can be made from: polyurethane; polyvinyl-chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; polyvinyl alcohol;
polysulfone; polystyrene; polypropylene; polyeth~lene;
polyamide; ethylene-vin~lacetate copolymer; polyester;
polycarbonate; ionomer; polyvinylfluoride and FEP
fluoropolymer. The preferred moisture permeable film for a non-occlusive dressing is polyurethane, and the preferred moisture impermeable film for an occlusive dressing is polyvinylidene chloride.

The film used in the present dressing is made from synthetic polymers which are capable of being formed into continuous ilms by casting, extrusion or other known film-making processes. The film has a thickness less than 10 mils, usually of from 0.5 to ~ mils. The film is continuous, that is, it has no perforations or pores which extend through the depth of the film.
The non occlusive high moisture vapor transmission films generally are hydrophilic, polymeric materials through which water vaPor is capable of diffusing. Such films that may be used in the present invention include the polyurethane films which are described in U.S. Patent

2,871,218 and the arylate copolymers which are described in U.S. Patent 3,645,8350 Generally, these films have moisture vapor transmission rates between about 10 and 80 grams per 100 square inches per 24 hours, as determined by 30 ASTM Test E96 at 100F and 90~ ~elative Humidity. The preferred moisture vapor transmission rates are from 20 to 40 grams per 100 square inches for 24 hours.

The film is shown in the drawing as 10. On one surface of the film is a skin adhesive 11. The particular adhesive that is employed may be selected from one of the well-J~J 1056 - s -known skin contact adhesives such as those disclosed in .S. Patents 3rl89,581; 3,268,357 and 3,325,459 and 4,112,213~ 'rhe preferred adhesives are copolymers of 2-ethylhexylacrylate and vinyl acetate in ratios of approxi-mately 60 to 70 parts of the acrylate and 30 to 40 parts of the vinyl acetate. The polymers may also contain small amounts of N-tertiarybutyl acrylamide as a third monomer and a cross-linking agent. The preferred adhesive is a copolymer of approximately 70% 2-ethylhexylacrylate and 30% vinyl acetate and containing from .01 to 1% of a silane cross-linking agent as described in ~.S. Patent 4,112,213.

The adhesive is deposited on the film by solvent spreading, coating or extrusion. The level of the adhesive on the film should not be so great that the moisture vapor transmission characteristics of the film are impeded. Generally, a coating level o~ from 0.5 to 3 ounces per square yard is sufficient to obtain adequate skin adhesion but not 50 great as to interfere with the moisture vapor transmission characteristics desired in the finished dressing. The adhesive mass may be applied directly to the film or may be applied to a silicone-coated carrier sheet and the film applied to the adhesive on the carrier sheet. The adhesive-coated film may be removed from the carrier sheet for subsequent processing, or the carrier sheet may remain with the film and become the release sheet 12 in the finished dressing.

As shown in the drawing on the side of the dressing oppo-site the release sheet 12, there is a fibrous backing, i.e~, fabric or paper backing 14, covering on the upper surface of the dressing. This bac]cing is adhered to the dressing by a layer of adhesive. The adhesive characteristics of the adhesive on the backiny sheet are such that the backing sheet may be easily removed from the J~ 1056 ~L~8~73~j~

surface of the film to which it is applied. The backing may be any closely woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a - nonwoven fabric or paper. The fibrous backing has a weight of from 1 to 3 ounces per square yard. ~he preferred fabric is a warp-knitted cellulose aceta~e fabric weighing approximately 2.3 ounces per square yard.
Preferably, the backing fabric is applied to the film in two pieces in an overlapping fashion so that it may be readily removed from the film if desired. The backing may also be applied as a single piece of material with an edge free of adhesive to provide an adhesive free tab to remove the backing if desired. As shown in the drawings, the fibrous backing has the same outside dimensions as the film portion of the dressing. If the adhesive portion of ~he fibrous backing overlies the film portion of the dressing, there is a tendency to lift the film from the skin of the patient when the fibrous backing is removed.
This is prevented by constructing the dressing so that the adhesive on the fibrous backing does not extend beyond the periphery of the film or by making the area of fibrous backing equal to or less than the area of the film. The presence of the fabric backing provides significant dimen-sional stability and ease of handling to the dressing. It also renders the otherwise transparent dressing opaque.
In some instances, it is not desirable to have the wound visible to the patient or to others. The backing material being opaque prevents the wound from being seen, yet it can be readily lifted by a physician or nurse to examine the wound if desired. The adhesive on the fabric backing may be the same type of adhesive as employed as the skin contact adhesive but applied to the backing at lower coating levels, e.g., 0.5 to 5 ounces per square yard.

In general, the adherence of the fabric backing to the film is approximately half or less of the adherence of the film to the skin of the patient. That is, if the dressing J&J 1056 j5 itself requires a pull of 300 grams to remove the dressing from the skin, then the fabric backiny would require 150 grams or less ~o remove the fabric backing from the film.

It shou]d be recognized that the adhesive coating level on the fabric backing may be higher than the coating level on the film. Since the adhesive on the fabric backing pene-trates the interstices of the backing, higher coating levels of adhesive may be necessary to give the desired degree of adherence of the fabric backing to the film.
The dressings of the present invention may be constructed in many different dimensions. A dressing which i5 one inch by three inches may be used for minor incisions or cuts, while a dressing which is six inches by ten inches may be used as a burn dressing. ~ surgical dressing of the present invention was made in the following manner. A
2 mil thick polyurethane film was coated with an adhesive at a coating level of 2 ounces per square yard. The adhesive as a copolymer of approximately 70 parts 2-ethylhexylacryla~e and approximately 30 parts of vinylacetate and contained OoQl~ of a silane cross-linking agent. A silicone release sheet was applied over the adhesive on the film. A tricot knitted fabric of cellulose acetate was coated with the same adhesive at a coating level of approximately 2.7 ounces per square yard.
The knitted fabrlc was applied to the film on the side of the film opposite the release sheet. The completed dressing was readily handled and applied to human skin.
The fabric backing could be readily removed without removing the film dressing from the skin.

J&J 1056

Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. An adhesive dressing comprising a transparent continuous film of from 0.5 to 6 mils thick, a skin-adhering adhesive applied to one surface of said film, a release sheet overlying the adhesive, an opaque, fibrous backing material removably secured to the side of the film opposite the release sheet to improve the handling charac-teristics of said dressing, said fabric backing having the same outside dimensions as said film and being capable of being readily removed from said film without removing the film from the skin of a patient.

2. The adhesive dressing of claim 1 in which the film has a moisture vapor transmission rate of at least 20 and 40 grams per 100 square inches per 24 hours.

3. The adhesive dressing of claim 1 in which the film is polyurethane.

4. The adhesive dressing of claim 1 in which the fibrous backing is a warp knitted fabric.

5. The adhesive dressing of claim 1 in which the fibrous backing is adhesively secured to the film.

6. The adhesive dressing of claim 1 in which the force required to remove the fibrous backing from said film is less than one-half the force required to remove the film from the skin of a patient.

7. The adhesive dressing of claim 4 in which the fibrous backing is applied to the film in two pieces in an overlapping manner.

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