CA1187842A - Fluid pressure monitoring system - Google Patents
Fluid pressure monitoring systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA1187842A CA1187842A CA000430120A CA430120A CA1187842A CA 1187842 A CA1187842 A CA 1187842A CA 000430120 A CA000430120 A CA 000430120A CA 430120 A CA430120 A CA 430120A CA 1187842 A CA1187842 A CA 1187842A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- threshold
- pumping
- fluid flow
- pressure signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
- A61M5/16831—Monitoring, detecting, signalling or eliminating infusion flow anomalies
- A61M5/16854—Monitoring, detecting, signalling or eliminating infusion flow anomalies by monitoring line pressure
- A61M5/16859—Evaluation of pressure response, e.g. to an applied pulse
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
FLUID PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM
Method and apparatus for detecting occlu-sions in a parenteral administration system of a type having a peristaltic pump for pumping a fluid through a feeding tube to a patient. A pressure transducer measures the cyclicly varying pressure of the fluid in the feeding tube and produces a correspondingpressure signal, and a comparator compares the pressure signal to a selected one of several thresholds, depending on the current stage of the pumping cycle. An occlusion alarm is actuated whenever the selected threshold is exceeded.
FLUID PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM
Method and apparatus for detecting occlu-sions in a parenteral administration system of a type having a peristaltic pump for pumping a fluid through a feeding tube to a patient. A pressure transducer measures the cyclicly varying pressure of the fluid in the feeding tube and produces a correspondingpressure signal, and a comparator compares the pressure signal to a selected one of several thresholds, depending on the current stage of the pumping cycle. An occlusion alarm is actuated whenever the selected threshold is exceeded.
Description
~7~
FLUID PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM
BACKGROVND_OF THE I~VENTION
This invention relates generally to systems for monitorin~ fluid pressure, and, more particularly, to parenteral adminis~ration systems that monitor the pressure o~ the fluid being administered and actuate an alarm if a prescribed threshold is exceeded.
In recent years, parenteral administration systems having positive pressure intravenous ~IV) in-usion pumps have come into increasing usage, primar-ily because the flow rates of the fluid these systems administer can be controlled with great accuracy and preci~ionO The infusion pumps are typically of the peristaltic type, having a plurality of cam follower fingers that massage an IV tube progressively along its axis, to drive a fluid through the tube under positive pressure. Exemplary peristaltic pumps are disclosed in ~.S. Patent No. 3,736,930, i~sued to ~ein~ W. Georgi and entitled "Parenteral Administra-tion Fluid Flow Control System".
The parenteral administration systems described above frequently include pressure monitoring devices for use in detecting high fluid pressures, which ordinarily indicate the occurrence of an occlusion somewhere in the system. Typically, a ~ ~ 30 pressure transducer monitors the pressure of.~he fluid -. being administered, producing a corresponding pressure signal, and a comparator compares the pressure signal to a prescribed threshold, actua~ing an aural and - visual alarm if the threshold is exceeded.
~ ~ .
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Such pressure monitoring devices have not proven entirely effective in parenteral administration systems of the type having peristaltic-type infusion pumps7 primarily because the cyclic nature of the pumping action causes pressure spikes that sometimes can be improperly detected as occlusions~ It should therefore be appreciated that there still is a need for an effective pressure monitoring system that can detect occlusions in a parenteral administration system of the type that pumps a fluid in a cyclic fashion. The present invention fulfills this need.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is embodied in a pressure detection apparatus for use in a parenteral administration system of a type that cyclicly pumps a fluid through a feeding tube to a patient, each pumping cycle having a period of reduced fluid flow.
The apparatus includes pressure transducer means for measuring the pressure of the fluid being pumped through the tube and for producing a corresponding pressure signal. In accordance with the invention, the apparatus further includes comparator means for comparing the pressure signal to a prescribed threshold only during the periods of reduced fluid flow in the successive pumping cycles, along with alarm means for producin~ an alarm whenever the comparator means determines that the pressure signal exceeds the threshold. In this way, the undesired effects of the pressure spikes caused by the cyclic pumping action are eliminated.
~ ore particularly, the pressure detection apparatus of the invention is of particular use in a system that includes an infusion pump such as a peristaltic-type pump, in which the fluid flow rate 7&~ ~
is reduced substantially to zero for a prescribed time period during each pumping cycle. The comparator means compares the pressure signal to the threshold only after the pressure transients caused by the S cyclic pumping are substantially reduced in magnitude.
Convenientlys this comparison can occur at a pre~
scribed time during each period of reduced flow.
The pressure transducer means preferably monitors the feeding tube and produces the pressure signal continuously during each pumping cycle. At times other than the prescribed time of each period of reduced flow, the comparator means compares the pressure signal to a second prescribed threshold;
which is greater than the first threshold. The second threshold is selected to be sufficiently high that pressure spikes are not detected as occlusions. The first threshold is preferably selectively variable, and the second threshold is preferably a multiple of the first threshold.
Other aspects and advantages of the present invention should become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a parenteral administration system having a pressure detection apparatus embodying the present invention;
and FIG. 2 is a flowchart showi~g, in simplified form, a pressure detection routine followed by the microprocessor of FIG. 1 in carrying out the inven-tion.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings, and particu-larly to FIG. 1, there is shown a parenteral admini-stra~ion system having a peristaltic pump 11 for pumping a fluid from a fl~id supply 13 to a patient 15 via a feeding tube 17 and needle 19~ A pressure transducer 21 monitors the pressure of the fluid in the feeding tube and produces a corresponding pressure signal. A microprocessor 23 compares the pressure signal to one of several thresholds in a prescribed fashion, to detect occlusions in the system, actuating an occlusion alarm 25 whenever the selected threshold is exceeded.
The cyclic nature of the pumping action of the peristaltic pump 11 produces a 10w rate and fluid pressure that are correspondingly cyclic. Also, during each pumping cycle, there is a relatively short period of prescribed duration in which fluid flow through the pump is reduced substantially to zero.
In accordance with the invention, the micro-processor 23 compares the pressure signal to a firs~
prescribed pressure threshold only at a pxescribed time in each pumping cycle of the peristaltic pump 11~
In particularl this comparison i~ made only during the period of substantially reduced flow in each pumping cycle, whereby the undesired effects of pressure spikes are substantially eliminated~
More particularly, the peristaltic pump 11 is preferably of a type that includes a plurality of 30 cam follower fingers that massage the feeding tube 17 : . progressively along its axis, to drive fluid through the tube under positive pressure. A flow rate : controller 27 couples a drive signal over line 29 to the pump7 to drive the finger~ at a prescribed, selectable rate.
.. ~, ,i .
The flow rate controller 27 preferably includes a stepper motor for driving the peristaltic pump 11 through its succescive pumping cycles~ Each cycle eorresponds to a prescribed number of steps, and a counter in the controller indicates the current stage of the pumping cycle. The period of reduced fl~id flow occurs in each pumping cycle when the last cam follower finger is pinching off the feeding tube 15 17. When the count in the controller s counter reaeh-es a point indicating that about 60 percent of the period of reduced flow has elapsed, it is determined that the pressure in the feeding tube has reached a stable level, unaffected by pressure transients o the cyclic pumping action. The controller then outputs a signal for coupli.ng on line 31 to the mieroprocessor 23, indicating that it ~hould compare the pressure signal to the f irst prescribed pressure threshold at - - that t ime .
The pressure transducer 21 continuously monitors the pressure in the feeding tube ~7, whereby the resultant pressure signal varies cyclicly with the cyclic pumping actio~. The pressure signal is coupled over line 33 from the transdu~er to an amplifier 35 : 30 for amplification, and in turn over line 37 to an an~log-to--digital converter 39 for conversion to a digital format. The digitized pressure ignal. is coupled over lines 41 to the microprvce~sor 230 A
signal representing the press~re threshold to which the digitized pressure signal i5 compared in the microprocessor is suppl ied to the microprooessor on ..~
,~
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line ~3 from a set of maximum pressure selection switches 45. These switches permit the operator to select the specific pressure threshold at which the occlusion alarm 25 i5 actuated.
At the prescribed time in the period of reduced flow of each pumping cycle, the microprocessor 23 compares the digitized pressure signal input to it on lines 41 ~o the threshold indicated by the maximum pressure selection switches 45. If the threshold is exceeded, the microprocessor outputs an alarm signal on line 47 for coupling to the occlusion alarm 25, to provide both an aural and visual alarm. As previously mentioned the particular time in each pumping cycle at which this comparison is made preferably occurs when about sixty percent of the period of reduced flow has elapsed. At that time, the fluid pressure in the feeding tube should have achieved a stable level.
At all other times during the pumping cycle, the microprocessor 23 compares the digitized pressure signal to prescribed upper and lower pressure thresholds of about 740 and 100 centimeters of water, respectively. The upper threshold represents a pressure level above which the pressure transducer can be damaged; if it is exceeded, the microprocessor immediately outputs an alarm signal ~o the occlusion alarm 25.
If the microprocessor 23 determines tha~ the digitized pressure signal is between the prescribed upper and lower pressure thresholds, it makes a further comparison of the pressure signal to a threshold that corresponds to three times the threshold indicated by the maximum pressure selection Switches 45. Again, if this threshold is exceeded, the microprocessor couples an alarm signal over line 47 to the occlusion alarm 25~
Prior to comparing the digitized pressure 7~
signal to the various thresholds, the microprocessor 23 low-pass filters the signal to reduce the magnitude of transient pressure spikes caused by any movement of the feeding tube 17 or by action of the peristaltic pump 11~ This filtering can be conveniently performed by averaging the current pressure reading with the last-computed average, which is preferably weighted about three times more than the current reading. This is accomplished by adding the current reading to three times the last-computed average, and by then dividing the sum by four to produce a new average.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown a simplified flowchart of a pressure detection routine performed by the microprocessor 23 in reading the pressure signal, comparing it to the various pressure thresholds and actuating the occlusion alarm 25. In an initial step 49, the microprocessor reads the digitized pressure signal supplied to it on lines 41 and low-pass Eilters the signal to remove undesired pressure spikes. At step 51, it is determined whether or not the system's pumping cycle is currently about sixty percent of the way through the period of reduced flow rate. If that point of the pumping cycle has been reached, the maximum pressure switches 45 are read at step 53, and the pressure threshold is set to be equal to one times the pressure indicated by the switches, at step 55~
If it is determined at step 51 that the pumping cycle is at a point other than sixty percent of the way through the period of reduced flow, i.e., either earlier or later in the period of reduced flow or outside the period of reduced flow altogether, it is determined at step 57 whether or not the pressure signal is less than 100 centimeter6 of water. If it is less than this threshold, the microprocessor immediately exits this pressure detection routine.
~7~ ~
On the other hand~ if the pressure is not deterrnined to be less than 100 centimeters of water, the micro-processor determines~ at step 59, whether or not the pressure exceeds 740 centimeters of water. If it does exceed this threshold, the program proceeds im~ediate-ly to step 61, where the microprocessor outputs an alarm siynal for coupling on line 47 to the occlusi~n alarm 25. On the other hand, if it is determined at step 59 that the pressure does not exceed 740 centimeters of water, the maximum pressure switches 45 are read at step 63, and the pressure threshold is set to be equal to three times the pressure indicated by the switches, at step 65.
Finally, it is determined at step 67 whether or not the current filtered pressure signal exceeds the pressure threshold, which was computed in either of steps 55 or 65~ If the threshold is exceeded, it is deduced that an occlusion of some kind exists and an alarm signal is output on line 47 for coupling to the occlusion alarm 25. On the other hand, if it is determined at step 67 that the filtered pressure signal does not exceed the computed threshold, the alarm signal is not produced and the microprocessor 23 exits the pressure detection routine~
Attached as an appendix is a listing of the specific ins~ructions used to carry out the 1Owchart of ~IG. 2 on an 8080-type microprocessor.
I~ should be appreciated from the foregoing description that the present invention provides an improved method and apparatus for detecting occlusions in a parenteral administration system of the type including a cyclic infusion pumpO The apparatus continuously compares a signal representing the fluid pressure to one of several prescribed pressure thresholds; depending on the particular stage of the system s pumping cycle. If the pressure signal ever exceeds the selected threshold, an occlusion alarm is actuated.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the presently preferred embodiment, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifica-tions can be made, without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the invention is limited only by the appending claims.
FLUID PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM
BACKGROVND_OF THE I~VENTION
This invention relates generally to systems for monitorin~ fluid pressure, and, more particularly, to parenteral adminis~ration systems that monitor the pressure o~ the fluid being administered and actuate an alarm if a prescribed threshold is exceeded.
In recent years, parenteral administration systems having positive pressure intravenous ~IV) in-usion pumps have come into increasing usage, primar-ily because the flow rates of the fluid these systems administer can be controlled with great accuracy and preci~ionO The infusion pumps are typically of the peristaltic type, having a plurality of cam follower fingers that massage an IV tube progressively along its axis, to drive a fluid through the tube under positive pressure. Exemplary peristaltic pumps are disclosed in ~.S. Patent No. 3,736,930, i~sued to ~ein~ W. Georgi and entitled "Parenteral Administra-tion Fluid Flow Control System".
The parenteral administration systems described above frequently include pressure monitoring devices for use in detecting high fluid pressures, which ordinarily indicate the occurrence of an occlusion somewhere in the system. Typically, a ~ ~ 30 pressure transducer monitors the pressure of.~he fluid -. being administered, producing a corresponding pressure signal, and a comparator compares the pressure signal to a prescribed threshold, actua~ing an aural and - visual alarm if the threshold is exceeded.
~ ~ .
:
~7~
Such pressure monitoring devices have not proven entirely effective in parenteral administration systems of the type having peristaltic-type infusion pumps7 primarily because the cyclic nature of the pumping action causes pressure spikes that sometimes can be improperly detected as occlusions~ It should therefore be appreciated that there still is a need for an effective pressure monitoring system that can detect occlusions in a parenteral administration system of the type that pumps a fluid in a cyclic fashion. The present invention fulfills this need.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is embodied in a pressure detection apparatus for use in a parenteral administration system of a type that cyclicly pumps a fluid through a feeding tube to a patient, each pumping cycle having a period of reduced fluid flow.
The apparatus includes pressure transducer means for measuring the pressure of the fluid being pumped through the tube and for producing a corresponding pressure signal. In accordance with the invention, the apparatus further includes comparator means for comparing the pressure signal to a prescribed threshold only during the periods of reduced fluid flow in the successive pumping cycles, along with alarm means for producin~ an alarm whenever the comparator means determines that the pressure signal exceeds the threshold. In this way, the undesired effects of the pressure spikes caused by the cyclic pumping action are eliminated.
~ ore particularly, the pressure detection apparatus of the invention is of particular use in a system that includes an infusion pump such as a peristaltic-type pump, in which the fluid flow rate 7&~ ~
is reduced substantially to zero for a prescribed time period during each pumping cycle. The comparator means compares the pressure signal to the threshold only after the pressure transients caused by the S cyclic pumping are substantially reduced in magnitude.
Convenientlys this comparison can occur at a pre~
scribed time during each period of reduced flow.
The pressure transducer means preferably monitors the feeding tube and produces the pressure signal continuously during each pumping cycle. At times other than the prescribed time of each period of reduced flow, the comparator means compares the pressure signal to a second prescribed threshold;
which is greater than the first threshold. The second threshold is selected to be sufficiently high that pressure spikes are not detected as occlusions. The first threshold is preferably selectively variable, and the second threshold is preferably a multiple of the first threshold.
Other aspects and advantages of the present invention should become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a parenteral administration system having a pressure detection apparatus embodying the present invention;
and FIG. 2 is a flowchart showi~g, in simplified form, a pressure detection routine followed by the microprocessor of FIG. 1 in carrying out the inven-tion.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings, and particu-larly to FIG. 1, there is shown a parenteral admini-stra~ion system having a peristaltic pump 11 for pumping a fluid from a fl~id supply 13 to a patient 15 via a feeding tube 17 and needle 19~ A pressure transducer 21 monitors the pressure of the fluid in the feeding tube and produces a corresponding pressure signal. A microprocessor 23 compares the pressure signal to one of several thresholds in a prescribed fashion, to detect occlusions in the system, actuating an occlusion alarm 25 whenever the selected threshold is exceeded.
The cyclic nature of the pumping action of the peristaltic pump 11 produces a 10w rate and fluid pressure that are correspondingly cyclic. Also, during each pumping cycle, there is a relatively short period of prescribed duration in which fluid flow through the pump is reduced substantially to zero.
In accordance with the invention, the micro-processor 23 compares the pressure signal to a firs~
prescribed pressure threshold only at a pxescribed time in each pumping cycle of the peristaltic pump 11~
In particularl this comparison i~ made only during the period of substantially reduced flow in each pumping cycle, whereby the undesired effects of pressure spikes are substantially eliminated~
More particularly, the peristaltic pump 11 is preferably of a type that includes a plurality of 30 cam follower fingers that massage the feeding tube 17 : . progressively along its axis, to drive fluid through the tube under positive pressure. A flow rate : controller 27 couples a drive signal over line 29 to the pump7 to drive the finger~ at a prescribed, selectable rate.
.. ~, ,i .
The flow rate controller 27 preferably includes a stepper motor for driving the peristaltic pump 11 through its succescive pumping cycles~ Each cycle eorresponds to a prescribed number of steps, and a counter in the controller indicates the current stage of the pumping cycle. The period of reduced fl~id flow occurs in each pumping cycle when the last cam follower finger is pinching off the feeding tube 15 17. When the count in the controller s counter reaeh-es a point indicating that about 60 percent of the period of reduced flow has elapsed, it is determined that the pressure in the feeding tube has reached a stable level, unaffected by pressure transients o the cyclic pumping action. The controller then outputs a signal for coupli.ng on line 31 to the mieroprocessor 23, indicating that it ~hould compare the pressure signal to the f irst prescribed pressure threshold at - - that t ime .
The pressure transducer 21 continuously monitors the pressure in the feeding tube ~7, whereby the resultant pressure signal varies cyclicly with the cyclic pumping actio~. The pressure signal is coupled over line 33 from the transdu~er to an amplifier 35 : 30 for amplification, and in turn over line 37 to an an~log-to--digital converter 39 for conversion to a digital format. The digitized pressure ignal. is coupled over lines 41 to the microprvce~sor 230 A
signal representing the press~re threshold to which the digitized pressure signal i5 compared in the microprocessor is suppl ied to the microprooessor on ..~
,~
7 ~
line ~3 from a set of maximum pressure selection switches 45. These switches permit the operator to select the specific pressure threshold at which the occlusion alarm 25 i5 actuated.
At the prescribed time in the period of reduced flow of each pumping cycle, the microprocessor 23 compares the digitized pressure signal input to it on lines 41 ~o the threshold indicated by the maximum pressure selection switches 45. If the threshold is exceeded, the microprocessor outputs an alarm signal on line 47 for coupling to the occlusion alarm 25, to provide both an aural and visual alarm. As previously mentioned the particular time in each pumping cycle at which this comparison is made preferably occurs when about sixty percent of the period of reduced flow has elapsed. At that time, the fluid pressure in the feeding tube should have achieved a stable level.
At all other times during the pumping cycle, the microprocessor 23 compares the digitized pressure signal to prescribed upper and lower pressure thresholds of about 740 and 100 centimeters of water, respectively. The upper threshold represents a pressure level above which the pressure transducer can be damaged; if it is exceeded, the microprocessor immediately outputs an alarm signal ~o the occlusion alarm 25.
If the microprocessor 23 determines tha~ the digitized pressure signal is between the prescribed upper and lower pressure thresholds, it makes a further comparison of the pressure signal to a threshold that corresponds to three times the threshold indicated by the maximum pressure selection Switches 45. Again, if this threshold is exceeded, the microprocessor couples an alarm signal over line 47 to the occlusion alarm 25~
Prior to comparing the digitized pressure 7~
signal to the various thresholds, the microprocessor 23 low-pass filters the signal to reduce the magnitude of transient pressure spikes caused by any movement of the feeding tube 17 or by action of the peristaltic pump 11~ This filtering can be conveniently performed by averaging the current pressure reading with the last-computed average, which is preferably weighted about three times more than the current reading. This is accomplished by adding the current reading to three times the last-computed average, and by then dividing the sum by four to produce a new average.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown a simplified flowchart of a pressure detection routine performed by the microprocessor 23 in reading the pressure signal, comparing it to the various pressure thresholds and actuating the occlusion alarm 25. In an initial step 49, the microprocessor reads the digitized pressure signal supplied to it on lines 41 and low-pass Eilters the signal to remove undesired pressure spikes. At step 51, it is determined whether or not the system's pumping cycle is currently about sixty percent of the way through the period of reduced flow rate. If that point of the pumping cycle has been reached, the maximum pressure switches 45 are read at step 53, and the pressure threshold is set to be equal to one times the pressure indicated by the switches, at step 55~
If it is determined at step 51 that the pumping cycle is at a point other than sixty percent of the way through the period of reduced flow, i.e., either earlier or later in the period of reduced flow or outside the period of reduced flow altogether, it is determined at step 57 whether or not the pressure signal is less than 100 centimeter6 of water. If it is less than this threshold, the microprocessor immediately exits this pressure detection routine.
~7~ ~
On the other hand~ if the pressure is not deterrnined to be less than 100 centimeters of water, the micro-processor determines~ at step 59, whether or not the pressure exceeds 740 centimeters of water. If it does exceed this threshold, the program proceeds im~ediate-ly to step 61, where the microprocessor outputs an alarm siynal for coupling on line 47 to the occlusi~n alarm 25. On the other hand, if it is determined at step 59 that the pressure does not exceed 740 centimeters of water, the maximum pressure switches 45 are read at step 63, and the pressure threshold is set to be equal to three times the pressure indicated by the switches, at step 65.
Finally, it is determined at step 67 whether or not the current filtered pressure signal exceeds the pressure threshold, which was computed in either of steps 55 or 65~ If the threshold is exceeded, it is deduced that an occlusion of some kind exists and an alarm signal is output on line 47 for coupling to the occlusion alarm 25. On the other hand, if it is determined at step 67 that the filtered pressure signal does not exceed the computed threshold, the alarm signal is not produced and the microprocessor 23 exits the pressure detection routine~
Attached as an appendix is a listing of the specific ins~ructions used to carry out the 1Owchart of ~IG. 2 on an 8080-type microprocessor.
I~ should be appreciated from the foregoing description that the present invention provides an improved method and apparatus for detecting occlusions in a parenteral administration system of the type including a cyclic infusion pumpO The apparatus continuously compares a signal representing the fluid pressure to one of several prescribed pressure thresholds; depending on the particular stage of the system s pumping cycle. If the pressure signal ever exceeds the selected threshold, an occlusion alarm is actuated.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the presently preferred embodiment, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifica-tions can be made, without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the invention is limited only by the appending claims.
Claims (21)
1. Pressure detection apparatus for use in a parenteral administration system of a type having a pump that cyclicly pumps a fluid through a feeding tube to a patient, each pumping cycle having a period of reduced fluid flow, and further having means for pro-ducing a control signal indicative of the timing of the period of reduced fluid flow in each pumping cycle, the apparatus comprising:
pressure transducer means for measuring the pressure of the fluid the pump is pumping through the feeding tube to the patient and for producing a corresponding pressure signal;
comparator means, responsive to the control signal, for comparing the pressure signal to a prescribed threshold only during the periods of reduced fluid flow in the suc-cessive pumping cycles of the pump; and alarm means for producing an alarm whenever the comparator means determines that the pressure signal exceeds the threshold.
pressure transducer means for measuring the pressure of the fluid the pump is pumping through the feeding tube to the patient and for producing a corresponding pressure signal;
comparator means, responsive to the control signal, for comparing the pressure signal to a prescribed threshold only during the periods of reduced fluid flow in the suc-cessive pumping cycles of the pump; and alarm means for producing an alarm whenever the comparator means determines that the pressure signal exceeds the threshold.
2. Pressure detection apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the comparator means compares the pressure signal to the threshold only after pressure transients caused by the cyclic nature of the pumping are substantially reduced in magnitude.
3. Pressure detection apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein the comparator means compares the pressure signal to the threshold at a prescribed time in the period of reduced fluid flow in each of the successive pumping cycles.
4. Pressure detection apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the pressure transducer means produces the pressure signal continuously during each pumping cycle.
5. Pressure detection apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein the comparator means compares the pressure signal to a second prescribed threshold at times other than the successive periods of reduced fluid flow.
6. Pressure detection apparatus as defined in claim 5, wherein the second threshold is greater than, and a multiple of, the first threshold.
7. Pressure detection apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the prescribed threshold used by the comparator means is selectively variable.
8. A parenteral administration system com-prising:
peristaltic pump means for cyclicly pumping a fluid through a feeding tube to a patient each pumping cycle having a period of pre-scribed duration in which fluid flow is substantially reduced;
means for producing a control signal indicative of the period of reduced fluid flow in each pumping cycle;
pressure transducer means for measuring the pressure of the fluid being pumped through the feeding tube and for producing a cor-responding pressure signal;
comparator means, responsive to the control signal, for comparing the pressure signal to a prescribed threshold only during the periods of reduced fluid flow of the suc-cessive pumping cycles; and alarm means for producing an alarm whenever the comparator means determines that the pressure signal exceeds the threshold.
peristaltic pump means for cyclicly pumping a fluid through a feeding tube to a patient each pumping cycle having a period of pre-scribed duration in which fluid flow is substantially reduced;
means for producing a control signal indicative of the period of reduced fluid flow in each pumping cycle;
pressure transducer means for measuring the pressure of the fluid being pumped through the feeding tube and for producing a cor-responding pressure signal;
comparator means, responsive to the control signal, for comparing the pressure signal to a prescribed threshold only during the periods of reduced fluid flow of the suc-cessive pumping cycles; and alarm means for producing an alarm whenever the comparator means determines that the pressure signal exceeds the threshold.
9. A parenteral administration system as defined in claim 8, wherein the comparator means compares the pressure signal to the threshold only at a prescribed time in the period of reduced fluid flow in each of the successive pumping cycles.
10. A parenteral administration system as defined in claim 8, wherein:
the pressure transducer means produces the pressure signal continuously during each pumping cycle; and the comparator compares the pressure signal to a second prescribed threshold at times other than the successive periods of substantially reduced fluid flow.
the pressure transducer means produces the pressure signal continuously during each pumping cycle; and the comparator compares the pressure signal to a second prescribed threshold at times other than the successive periods of substantially reduced fluid flow.
11. Pressure detection apparatus for use in a parenteral administration system of a type having a pump that pumps a fluid through a feeding tube to a patient at a flow rate that varies in a cyclic fashion, and further having means for producing a control signal indicative of the stage of the variable flow rate in each pumping cycle, the apparatus comprising:
pressure transducer means for measuring the pressure of the fluid the pump is pumping through the feeding tube to the patient and for producing a corresponding pressure signal;
comparator means, responsive to the control signal, for comparing the pressure signal to a prescribed threshold that varies in accordance with pumping cycle of the pump;
and alarm means for producing an alarm whenever the comparator means determines that the pressure signal exceeds the threshold.
pressure transducer means for measuring the pressure of the fluid the pump is pumping through the feeding tube to the patient and for producing a corresponding pressure signal;
comparator means, responsive to the control signal, for comparing the pressure signal to a prescribed threshold that varies in accordance with pumping cycle of the pump;
and alarm means for producing an alarm whenever the comparator means determines that the pressure signal exceeds the threshold.
12. Pressure detection apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein:
each pumping cycle includes a period of substantially reduced fluid flow; and the prescribed threshold is a first level at a prescribed time in each period of reduced fluid flow and a second, higher level at all other times.
each pumping cycle includes a period of substantially reduced fluid flow; and the prescribed threshold is a first level at a prescribed time in each period of reduced fluid flow and a second, higher level at all other times.
13. A parenteral administration system com-prising:
peristaltic pump means for cyclicly pumping a fluid through a feeding tube to a patient, each pumping cycle having a period of pre-scribed duration in which fluid flow is substantially reduced;
means for producing a control signal indica-tive of the timing of the period of reduced fluid flow in each pumping cycle of the peristaltic pump means;
pressure transducer means for continuously measuring the pressure of the fluid being pumped through the feeding tube and for producing a corresponding pressure signal;
comparator means, responsive to the control signal, for comparing the pressure signal to a first prescribed threshold at a pre-scribed time in each of the successive periods of reduced fluid flow and for com-paring the pressure signal to a second prescribed threshold at other times, the second threshold being higher than the first threshold; and alarm means for producing an alarm whenever the comparator means determines that the pressure signal exceeds either of the two thresholds.
peristaltic pump means for cyclicly pumping a fluid through a feeding tube to a patient, each pumping cycle having a period of pre-scribed duration in which fluid flow is substantially reduced;
means for producing a control signal indica-tive of the timing of the period of reduced fluid flow in each pumping cycle of the peristaltic pump means;
pressure transducer means for continuously measuring the pressure of the fluid being pumped through the feeding tube and for producing a corresponding pressure signal;
comparator means, responsive to the control signal, for comparing the pressure signal to a first prescribed threshold at a pre-scribed time in each of the successive periods of reduced fluid flow and for com-paring the pressure signal to a second prescribed threshold at other times, the second threshold being higher than the first threshold; and alarm means for producing an alarm whenever the comparator means determines that the pressure signal exceeds either of the two thresholds.
14. A method for parenteral administration comprising steps of:
cyclicly pumping a fluid through a feeding tube to a patient, each pumping cycle having a period of reduced fluid flow;
producing a control signal indicative of the timing of the period of reduced fluid flow in each pumping cycle;
measuring the pressure of the fluid being pumped through the feeding tube and pro-ducing a corresponding pressure signal;
comparing the pressure signal to a prescribed threshold only when the control signal indicates a period of reduced fluid flow of the successive pumping cycles is occurring; and producing an alarm whenever the step of com-paring determines that the pressure signal exceeds the threshold.
cyclicly pumping a fluid through a feeding tube to a patient, each pumping cycle having a period of reduced fluid flow;
producing a control signal indicative of the timing of the period of reduced fluid flow in each pumping cycle;
measuring the pressure of the fluid being pumped through the feeding tube and pro-ducing a corresponding pressure signal;
comparing the pressure signal to a prescribed threshold only when the control signal indicates a period of reduced fluid flow of the successive pumping cycles is occurring; and producing an alarm whenever the step of com-paring determines that the pressure signal exceeds the threshold.
15. A method as defined in claim 14, where-in the step of comparing occurs only after transients caused by the cyclic nature of the pumping are substantially reduced in magnitude.
16. A method as defined in claim 15, where-in the step of comparing occurs at a prescribed time in the period of reduced fluid flow in each of the successive pumping cycles.
17. A method as defined in claim 14, where-in the step of measuring occurs continuously during each pumping cycle.
18. A method as defined in claim 17, and further including a step of comparing the pressure signal to a second prescribed threshold at times other than the successive periods of reduced fluid flow.
19. A method as defined in claim 14, and further including a step of selecting the threshold used in the step of comparing.
20. A method for detecting occlusions in a parenteral administration system of a type having a pump that pumps a fluid through a feeding tube to a patient at a flow rate that varies in cyclic fashion and further having means for producing a control signal indicative of the timing of the variable flow rate in each pumping cycle, comprising steps of;
measuring the pressure of the fluid the pump is pumping through the feeding tube to the patient and producing a corresponding pressure signal;
comparing the pressure signal to a prescribed threshold that varies in accordance with the control signal; and producing an alarm whenever the step of comparing determines that the pressure signal exceeds the threshold.
measuring the pressure of the fluid the pump is pumping through the feeding tube to the patient and producing a corresponding pressure signal;
comparing the pressure signal to a prescribed threshold that varies in accordance with the control signal; and producing an alarm whenever the step of comparing determines that the pressure signal exceeds the threshold.
21. A method as defined in claim 20, where-in:
each pumping cycle includes a period of substantially reduced fluid flow; and the prescribed threshold used in the step of comparing is a first level at a prescribed time in each period of reduced fluid flow and a second, higher level at all other times.
each pumping cycle includes a period of substantially reduced fluid flow; and the prescribed threshold used in the step of comparing is a first level at a prescribed time in each period of reduced fluid flow and a second, higher level at all other times.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/387,672 US4460355A (en) | 1982-06-11 | 1982-06-11 | Fluid pressure monitoring system |
| US387,672 | 1989-07-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1187842A true CA1187842A (en) | 1985-05-28 |
Family
ID=23530899
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000430120A Expired CA1187842A (en) | 1982-06-11 | 1983-06-10 | Fluid pressure monitoring system |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4460355A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0096849B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5957135A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1187842A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3375551D1 (en) |
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-
1982
- 1982-06-11 US US06/387,672 patent/US4460355A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1983
- 1983-06-09 EP EP83105655A patent/EP0096849B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-09 DE DE8383105655T patent/DE3375551D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-10 CA CA000430120A patent/CA1187842A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-10 JP JP58104076A patent/JPS5957135A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4460355A (en) | 1984-07-17 |
| EP0096849A2 (en) | 1983-12-28 |
| JPH0367212B2 (en) | 1991-10-22 |
| DE3375551D1 (en) | 1988-03-10 |
| JPS5957135A (en) | 1984-04-02 |
| EP0096849B1 (en) | 1988-02-03 |
| EP0096849A3 (en) | 1984-08-22 |
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