CA1188265A - Medical appliance disposal container - Google Patents
Medical appliance disposal containerInfo
- Publication number
- CA1188265A CA1188265A CA000422933A CA422933A CA1188265A CA 1188265 A CA1188265 A CA 1188265A CA 000422933 A CA000422933 A CA 000422933A CA 422933 A CA422933 A CA 422933A CA 1188265 A CA1188265 A CA 1188265A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- container
- medical appliance
- disposal
- disposal container
- medical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002650 laminated plastic Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000266 injurious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010891 toxic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/178—Syringes
- A61M5/31—Details
- A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
- A61M5/3205—Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
- A61M5/3278—Apparatus for destroying used needles or syringes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B50/00—Containers, covers, furniture or holders specially adapted for surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments, e.g. sterile covers
- A61B50/30—Containers specially adapted for packaging, protecting, dispensing, collecting or disposing of surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments
- A61B50/36—Containers specially adapted for packaging, protecting, dispensing, collecting or disposing of surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments for collecting or disposing of used articles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/178—Syringes
- A61M5/31—Details
- A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
- A61M5/3205—Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
- B65F1/00—Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor
- B65F1/14—Other constructional features; Accessories
- B65F1/16—Lids or covers
- B65F1/1607—Lids or covers with filling openings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/3209—Incision instruments
- A61B17/3211—Surgical scalpels, knives; Accessories therefor
- A61B17/3217—Devices for removing or collecting used scalpel blades
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/178—Syringes
- A61M5/31—Details
- A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
- A61M5/3205—Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
- A61M5/3278—Apparatus for destroying used needles or syringes
- A61M2005/3282—Apparatus for destroying used needles or syringes using mechanical means, e.g. mills
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S241/00—Solid material comminution or disintegration
- Y10S241/606—Medical/surgical waste comminution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T225/00—Severing by tearing or breaking
- Y10T225/30—Breaking or tearing apparatus
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A medical appliance disposal container is disclosed having at least one opening for insertion of medical appliances, the opening being covered by at least one slotted plastic membrane for insertion of the desired medical appliance into the disposal container. In at least one of the openings at the end of the slot is a bending means whereby needles may be bent while attached to a syringe and the bent needle-syringe assembly inserted through the slot into the disposal container. In another embodiment, laminated plastic screens can be colorcoded to aid in sorting and counting of medical appliances, such as scalpel blades, following surgery. The disposal container of this invention provides for the direct intact disposal of a wide variety of medical appliances while providing an inexpensive container for placement at a large number of locations throughout a health care facility. The medical appliance disposal container disclosed reduces the risk of contents spillage should the container be upset during use.
Description
BACKGROUND OF T}IE lNVENTION
Field of the Invention This invention relates to rnedical, dental and veterinary appliance disposal, herein-after referred to as medical to include all fields.
More particularly this invention relates to an irnproved apparatus for the safe disposal of potentially injurious medical appl.iances such as needles, syringes, scalpel blades, laboratory cultùre slides, blood tubing and toxic waste containers.
D_s r ~tlon_ f t e Prior Art Potentially contagious medical waste, such as scalpel blades and particularly syringes with needles present an i.mminent threat of injury to patient-care personnel. Accidental needle puncture i.s the most ~requent accident in hospitals. The Bacterial Diseases Division, Bureau of Epidemiology, Center for Disease Control, advises that disposal apparatus for such waste should be rigid containers;
p].aced in each patient room; syringes with needles should be placed directly into the disposal container wi.thout disassembli.ng needle from syringe; and ~ull containers should be securely taped shut to prov;.de safe storage prior to final disposal with other soli.d waste from the hospital. Contagious rnedical. waste oE the above nature presents an even more serious problem of disposal and specialized handling. Prior disposal containers, parti.cularly for scalpel blades and syringes and needles, haYe been largely unable to meet the above critera.
i5 Prior disposal methods for medieal waste have been of several types. One type require~
the user to i.nsert the needle into a clipping device which shears the needle. However, the syringe must be placed separately into a disposal c:ontainer. Since the clipping device requires two hands to operate, the user must have both hands free to dispose oE a needle and syringe. More-over, the clipping device may dull and then is likely to splatter the immediate area with blood or other syringe contents. The clipping or snapping disposal techniques air mobili7e microorganisms o~
other contaminants. Other similar methods involve chopping the assembled needle and syringe into pieces or recapping the needle and manually breaking the assembly prior to disposal. These meThods result in added exposure to health care personnel.
A second general means of disposal has used a corrugated cardboard container with a slot in the top panel through which the user ;nserts the appliance for disposal. This type of disposal container does not include a clipping or other means for ma~ing the syringe needle inoper.tb]e. FurtherTnore, since the receiving slot rcmains opcn while the container is in use, there is a chance the contents could be spilled if the disposal container was upset.
S~IARY OF rl~E _NV~N r ION
This inventi.on provides an improved apparatus for the safe disposal of potentially injurious medical appliances such as needles, Ii-104 ~3~
S
syringes and scalpel blades. The medical appliance disposal container of this invention includes a bender means for bending needles mounted in the top panel of the disposal container. In one embodiment, a bender pl.ate has a central opening sufficiently large to receive the entire medical appliance, and a tapered slot leading to a needle bending orifice. After bending the needle, the user can directly deposit the needle-syringe assembly without withdrawing the needle from the disposal container or separating the needle from the syringe. A slotted film laminated, reticulated polyurethane foam screen and a plastic membrane cover spans the bender plate opening, guides the needle to the bending orifice, and prevents spill.age sho~ld the disposal container be upset during use. The laminated screens can be color-coded to aid in the sorting and counting of medical appliances, such as scalpel blades, following surgery. The inexpensive medical appliance disposal container of this invention is not limited to contagious waste and can be easily autoclaved prior to final disposal.
It is an object of this ;nvention to - provide an improved container for the safe disposal of potenti.ally i.njurious medical appliances which ovcrcomcs many of the disadvantagcs of prior apparatus.
It is another object of this invention to provide a means for sare disposal of medical appliances which protects staff or pararnedical persons fro~
accidental needle puncture.
1l-104 ~~~
It is another object of this invention to provide a disposal container for the direct intact disposal of a wide variety of medical appliances.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a single disposal container capable of rendering needles inoperable.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide an inexpensive medical appliance disposal container for placement in each patient room.
It is still a further object of this invention to provide a medical appliance disposal container that reduces the risk of contents spillage should the container be upset during use.
It is another object of this invention to provide a medical appli.ance disposal container which shows the num.ber of such appliances which have been i.nserted therein.
These and other objects advantages and features of this invention will become apparent from the description together with the drawings.
BRIEF D.SCRlPr~ON_OF l`lIE DRAWINGS
Fi.g l is a perspective view of a medical appliance disposal container of one embodi.ment of th;s invention;
~l-104 -5-i5 Fig. 2 is a flat plan view ~f a collapsible disposal container of one embodimene of this ;nvelltion;
Fig. ~ is a top and side view showing one embodiment of a bender plate according t~
this invention;
Fig. 4 is a top and side view of another ernbodi.ment of a bender plate of this invention; and Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a medical appliance disposal container of another embodiment of this invention.
DE.SCRlPTIO~ OF THE _REFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Fig. 1 show.s medical appliance disposal container l0 with an enclosed body portion of side walls 11, bottom 12, and top 13. It is apparent that the container top may be of separate construction or may be part of the body construction. Top 13 has container opening 14 of sufficient size for insertion of a needle-syringe assembly therethrough i.nto the inside of the container. In association with and of the same general size as container opening 14, i.s syria~ge di.sposal opening 21 in bcnding means plate 17. As bcst seen in Fig. 3, syringe disposal opening 21 is covered or spanned by at lcast one plast:ic mcmbrane 15. P].astic mclnbrane 15 has slot 16 of sufficient size to per~it insertion of the desired medical appli.ance into disposal contai.ner 10. Slot ll-104 ~~~
16 extends substantially to the end of bending means guide slot 18 in bending mea~s plate 17. At the end of bending means guide slot 18 is boending means orifice 19 wherein a needle mounted on a syringe may be readily bent, prohibiting further use.
It is thus seen from Figs. l and 3 tllat the needle of an intact needle-syringe assembly may be inserted through slot 16, moved along guide slot 18 to bending orifice 19, easily bent, moved back out of guide slot 18 and the entire needle and syringe, while still assembled, deposited into the disposal container through slot 16. In a similar fashion, a bending plate may have the con;guration as shown in Fig. 4 wherein the bending means orifice 19 has a bending orifice ferrule 20 extending therefrom to pro-vide yet easier bending of the needle and to make possible ~he use of thinner and less stiff material for bending plate 17.
In another embodiment of this invention, medical appliance disposal container 10 Inay be a molded plastic container such as shown in Fig. 5 having side walls 11, bottom 12 and separate top 13. In the embodiment as shown in 1i-104 ~7-Fig. 5, it is readily seen that top 13 is covered by bending means plate 17 with syr;.nge disposal opening 21, bending means guide slot 18, and bending means orifice 19, all covered by membrane 15 having slot 16 extending the length of the guide slot to the bending orifice 19. Again, any medi.cal app]iance which will fit through slct 16 may be placed in disposal container 10 and needles of needle-syringe assemblies may be inserted into slot 16 to about half their length, moved along guide slot 1~3 to bending .
orifice 20 wllere the needle is readily bent, and the assembly moved back along slot 16 with the needle being below membrane 15 to the central porti.on of syringe disposal opening 21 where the syringe body may be inserted into disposal container 10.
Fig. 2 shows the layout of a - collapsi.ble container accol-ding to one embodi-ment of this invention which provides a full liner for the contai.ner. The col].apsible coli~ainer shown co]]apsed in Fig. 2 has the asscmbled shape of the container shown in ~;g. 1 with side walls 11, bottom 12 and top 13, si.de wall liners lla, bottom liner 12a and two top liners 13a. In a collapsible 1~-104 -8-s container of this type which may be readily and cheaply constructed of cardboard, bending means plate may be aligned with container opening 14 and sandwiched between top panel 13 and liner panel l3a, or between the liner panels, preferably with adhesive means to retain the bender plate in alignment with top hole 14.
Medical appliance disposal container 10 sho~n in Fig. 1, in addition to the syringe needle bending opening and syringe disposal opening previously described also has medical appliance insertion openi.ngs 30. The medical appliance insertion openings 30 may be of any suitable shape to receive particular medical appliances. The medical appliance insertion openings 30, like syringe di.sposal opening 21, have a slotted plastic membrane covering the opening with the slot being of sufficient si~e to permit insertion of the desired medical appliance into the disposal container.
For different medical appliances, it is convcni ent to have rows of openings 30 for each type of medic~al appliance. Further, it is part:icularly desirable to have the plastic melnbranes covering the medical appli.ance inserti.on openings 30 color-coded ~-104 ~9~
so that the membrane at each opening will indlcate disposal of a medical appliance through that opening providing accurate count of appliances used and disposed of as will be further discussed below.
From the above general description of the medical appliance disposal container of this invention it is apparent that a wide variety of shapes and sizes of containers may be used to fit a wide variety of specific use situati.ons. Fox example, a disposal container as shown in Fi.gs. 1 and 2 may be fabricated from inexpensive cardboard in appropriate sizes to accommodate use in private hospital rooms large wards nursing stations and specific treatment or operating rooms as well as emergency vehicles, ambulances, and the like. The cardboard container may be coated on its interior with an absorbent material to absorb liquids or it may be J
coaL-ed on its interior with an absorbent rcsistant material to prevent liquid of l.iquids J.ikcwise Lhe exterior may be coated with a plastic to prevent liquid absorption and to provide easy and effective cleaning. It is readily seen that synthetic polymeric sheet material of surficient sti.ffness may be substituted for cardboard in the disposal box shown in 1~-104 -10-;5 Fig. 1. Currently available blow molded plastic containers such as bottles having the shape gcllerally shown in Fig. 5, ~ay also be used instances where the disposal container nceds to be liquid-proof. Use of the plastic bottle-type disposal container as shown generally in Fig. 5, permits utilization of a wide number of different disposal opcnings by si.mply providing different i.nserts for seating beneath cap 13. ' Bending means plate 17 is used in connecti.on wi,th container openings 14 through which it is dcsired to dispose of needle-syringe assemblies. As described above, the bending plate provides bending orifice 19 for bendi.ng the needle while attached to the syringe and syringe disposal - opcning 21 of sufficient size to permit passage of the syringe body therethrough. J
There are many shapes and sizes of bending p~ates which would be sui.table for use witn thc di!iposal contaillers of this invention as is readily apparcnt to one skilled in ~he art upon rcading this disclosure.
Gcncrally, for durability, it is desirable that the bending plate be of a metallic ~-I-104 -11-.: .
m~sterial, but synthetic polymeric mate~ial~
may also be used, particularly glass fiber reinforced sheet materials, such as glass reinforced nylon or durable plastics such as l,exan, a polycarbonate. For thinner bending plates and for bending plates constructed of materials which are less durable, it is preferable to provide bending orifice ferrule 20, as shown in Fig. 4, of metal to provide a durable bending orifice permitting direct one-handed bending and disposal of ~
needle-syringe assembly. Also, as shown in Fig. 4, the bending means plate may have multiple bending orifices each with their appropriate guide slot for reception of different size or different types of needles.
Syringe disposal opening 21 is completely covered by at least one slotted plastic membrane. Plastic mcmbrane 15 preferably has a single slot 16 which extends _ substantially across bending means opening 21, a].ong bending means guide slot 18 and bending orifi.ce 19. Plastic membrane 15 i.s preferably sheet reti.culated synthetic po].ymeric fo~m of a type whi.ch returns to its original condit;.on Lollowillg spreadi.ng of slot 16 upon insertion of a medical k 1~-104 -12-appliance. Suitable such films include reticu-lated poly~rethane foam and polyvinylchloride.
Multiple layers of spaced plastic membranes ~ay be used, such as one or each side of a bending means plate or attached to container opening 14 and different top liners 13a as shown most clearly in Fig. 2. Multiple membranes, such as two or three, assure closure of the membrane following insertion of the medical appliance therethrough and provide additional strength to the open enclosure when the disposal container may be accidenLally turned upside down.
~e single slot 16 also aids in retention of meclical appliances within the disposal container when it is turned upside down. The surface of plastic membrane 15 Eacing the exterior of the disposal container may be a laminated smo~th polymeric film or ease of cleaning.
Medical appliance insertion openings 30, used for mcdical appliances other than ncedle-syringe assemblies, may be constructed in the same rashion as dcscribed above except t:hat ~he disposal opening need not provide the bending means guide slot 17 and bending mcans orifice 19. A bending rneans p]ate 17 is not necessary for such insertion openings.
~-e plastic mcmbrane may be constructed in a similar fashion and adhered directly to the bottom of container top 13 or preferably between top ].3 and top liner 13a or between two layers of top liner 13a. Medical appliance insertion openi.ngs ~0, of suitable shape for particular medical appliaoces, may be arranged in convenient rows for each type of medical appliance and slot 16 may be covered with a thin colored layer of sheet material which must oe broken for insertion of the medical appli.ance and thus using a different hole for each medical appliance, ~ the number of specific medical appliances inserted into the disposal container may be readily ascertained, as is necessary in various medical practices, such as insertion of scalpels from an operating procedure. It is also apparent that the opening or openings for disposal of medical appliances may also be located in the upper portion of the sides of the disposal container.
A su;.table durable adhesive coated seal may be provi.ded on the s;de or top of the disposal container for fully covering thc opellings in the top of the conl:ainer for di.sposal of the cornplete container containing the disposed medical appliances.
I~-104 14 ;5 Any suitable means may be used to cover the contalner openings and the medical applianc~
disposal container then safely disposed of in accordance with recommended procedures depending upon its contents. Contagious medical waste may be disposed of in containers according to this invention which can be autoclaved as required prior to final disposal.
An improved medical appliance disposal container has been described ~hich protects health service personnel from ncedle puncture wounds, the most prevalent hospital accident.
Further, the disposal container of this invention provides d;rect intact disposal of a wide variety of medical appliances;
renders needles inoperable; reduces risk of contcnts spillage; and provides an inexpensive disposal container for wide usa~e in the health care industry.
I~hile in the forcgoing specification this invention has been described in relation to certain preferred embodiments thereof, and many details have been set forth for purpose of illusCration, it will be apparent to thosP
skillcd in the art t:hat the invention is susceptible to additional embodiments and that certain of the details described herein can be varied considerably without departing from the basic principles of the invention.
1~-104 -15-. . .
Field of the Invention This invention relates to rnedical, dental and veterinary appliance disposal, herein-after referred to as medical to include all fields.
More particularly this invention relates to an irnproved apparatus for the safe disposal of potentially injurious medical appl.iances such as needles, syringes, scalpel blades, laboratory cultùre slides, blood tubing and toxic waste containers.
D_s r ~tlon_ f t e Prior Art Potentially contagious medical waste, such as scalpel blades and particularly syringes with needles present an i.mminent threat of injury to patient-care personnel. Accidental needle puncture i.s the most ~requent accident in hospitals. The Bacterial Diseases Division, Bureau of Epidemiology, Center for Disease Control, advises that disposal apparatus for such waste should be rigid containers;
p].aced in each patient room; syringes with needles should be placed directly into the disposal container wi.thout disassembli.ng needle from syringe; and ~ull containers should be securely taped shut to prov;.de safe storage prior to final disposal with other soli.d waste from the hospital. Contagious rnedical. waste oE the above nature presents an even more serious problem of disposal and specialized handling. Prior disposal containers, parti.cularly for scalpel blades and syringes and needles, haYe been largely unable to meet the above critera.
i5 Prior disposal methods for medieal waste have been of several types. One type require~
the user to i.nsert the needle into a clipping device which shears the needle. However, the syringe must be placed separately into a disposal c:ontainer. Since the clipping device requires two hands to operate, the user must have both hands free to dispose oE a needle and syringe. More-over, the clipping device may dull and then is likely to splatter the immediate area with blood or other syringe contents. The clipping or snapping disposal techniques air mobili7e microorganisms o~
other contaminants. Other similar methods involve chopping the assembled needle and syringe into pieces or recapping the needle and manually breaking the assembly prior to disposal. These meThods result in added exposure to health care personnel.
A second general means of disposal has used a corrugated cardboard container with a slot in the top panel through which the user ;nserts the appliance for disposal. This type of disposal container does not include a clipping or other means for ma~ing the syringe needle inoper.tb]e. FurtherTnore, since the receiving slot rcmains opcn while the container is in use, there is a chance the contents could be spilled if the disposal container was upset.
S~IARY OF rl~E _NV~N r ION
This inventi.on provides an improved apparatus for the safe disposal of potentially injurious medical appliances such as needles, Ii-104 ~3~
S
syringes and scalpel blades. The medical appliance disposal container of this invention includes a bender means for bending needles mounted in the top panel of the disposal container. In one embodiment, a bender pl.ate has a central opening sufficiently large to receive the entire medical appliance, and a tapered slot leading to a needle bending orifice. After bending the needle, the user can directly deposit the needle-syringe assembly without withdrawing the needle from the disposal container or separating the needle from the syringe. A slotted film laminated, reticulated polyurethane foam screen and a plastic membrane cover spans the bender plate opening, guides the needle to the bending orifice, and prevents spill.age sho~ld the disposal container be upset during use. The laminated screens can be color-coded to aid in the sorting and counting of medical appliances, such as scalpel blades, following surgery. The inexpensive medical appliance disposal container of this invention is not limited to contagious waste and can be easily autoclaved prior to final disposal.
It is an object of this ;nvention to - provide an improved container for the safe disposal of potenti.ally i.njurious medical appliances which ovcrcomcs many of the disadvantagcs of prior apparatus.
It is another object of this invention to provide a means for sare disposal of medical appliances which protects staff or pararnedical persons fro~
accidental needle puncture.
1l-104 ~~~
It is another object of this invention to provide a disposal container for the direct intact disposal of a wide variety of medical appliances.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a single disposal container capable of rendering needles inoperable.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide an inexpensive medical appliance disposal container for placement in each patient room.
It is still a further object of this invention to provide a medical appliance disposal container that reduces the risk of contents spillage should the container be upset during use.
It is another object of this invention to provide a medical appli.ance disposal container which shows the num.ber of such appliances which have been i.nserted therein.
These and other objects advantages and features of this invention will become apparent from the description together with the drawings.
BRIEF D.SCRlPr~ON_OF l`lIE DRAWINGS
Fi.g l is a perspective view of a medical appliance disposal container of one embodi.ment of th;s invention;
~l-104 -5-i5 Fig. 2 is a flat plan view ~f a collapsible disposal container of one embodimene of this ;nvelltion;
Fig. ~ is a top and side view showing one embodiment of a bender plate according t~
this invention;
Fig. 4 is a top and side view of another ernbodi.ment of a bender plate of this invention; and Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a medical appliance disposal container of another embodiment of this invention.
DE.SCRlPTIO~ OF THE _REFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Fig. 1 show.s medical appliance disposal container l0 with an enclosed body portion of side walls 11, bottom 12, and top 13. It is apparent that the container top may be of separate construction or may be part of the body construction. Top 13 has container opening 14 of sufficient size for insertion of a needle-syringe assembly therethrough i.nto the inside of the container. In association with and of the same general size as container opening 14, i.s syria~ge di.sposal opening 21 in bcnding means plate 17. As bcst seen in Fig. 3, syringe disposal opening 21 is covered or spanned by at lcast one plast:ic mcmbrane 15. P].astic mclnbrane 15 has slot 16 of sufficient size to per~it insertion of the desired medical appli.ance into disposal contai.ner 10. Slot ll-104 ~~~
16 extends substantially to the end of bending means guide slot 18 in bending mea~s plate 17. At the end of bending means guide slot 18 is boending means orifice 19 wherein a needle mounted on a syringe may be readily bent, prohibiting further use.
It is thus seen from Figs. l and 3 tllat the needle of an intact needle-syringe assembly may be inserted through slot 16, moved along guide slot 18 to bending orifice 19, easily bent, moved back out of guide slot 18 and the entire needle and syringe, while still assembled, deposited into the disposal container through slot 16. In a similar fashion, a bending plate may have the con;guration as shown in Fig. 4 wherein the bending means orifice 19 has a bending orifice ferrule 20 extending therefrom to pro-vide yet easier bending of the needle and to make possible ~he use of thinner and less stiff material for bending plate 17.
In another embodiment of this invention, medical appliance disposal container 10 Inay be a molded plastic container such as shown in Fig. 5 having side walls 11, bottom 12 and separate top 13. In the embodiment as shown in 1i-104 ~7-Fig. 5, it is readily seen that top 13 is covered by bending means plate 17 with syr;.nge disposal opening 21, bending means guide slot 18, and bending means orifice 19, all covered by membrane 15 having slot 16 extending the length of the guide slot to the bending orifice 19. Again, any medi.cal app]iance which will fit through slct 16 may be placed in disposal container 10 and needles of needle-syringe assemblies may be inserted into slot 16 to about half their length, moved along guide slot 1~3 to bending .
orifice 20 wllere the needle is readily bent, and the assembly moved back along slot 16 with the needle being below membrane 15 to the central porti.on of syringe disposal opening 21 where the syringe body may be inserted into disposal container 10.
Fig. 2 shows the layout of a - collapsi.ble container accol-ding to one embodi-ment of this invention which provides a full liner for the contai.ner. The col].apsible coli~ainer shown co]]apsed in Fig. 2 has the asscmbled shape of the container shown in ~;g. 1 with side walls 11, bottom 12 and top 13, si.de wall liners lla, bottom liner 12a and two top liners 13a. In a collapsible 1~-104 -8-s container of this type which may be readily and cheaply constructed of cardboard, bending means plate may be aligned with container opening 14 and sandwiched between top panel 13 and liner panel l3a, or between the liner panels, preferably with adhesive means to retain the bender plate in alignment with top hole 14.
Medical appliance disposal container 10 sho~n in Fig. 1, in addition to the syringe needle bending opening and syringe disposal opening previously described also has medical appliance insertion openi.ngs 30. The medical appliance insertion openings 30 may be of any suitable shape to receive particular medical appliances. The medical appliance insertion openings 30, like syringe di.sposal opening 21, have a slotted plastic membrane covering the opening with the slot being of sufficient si~e to permit insertion of the desired medical appliance into the disposal container.
For different medical appliances, it is convcni ent to have rows of openings 30 for each type of medic~al appliance. Further, it is part:icularly desirable to have the plastic melnbranes covering the medical appli.ance inserti.on openings 30 color-coded ~-104 ~9~
so that the membrane at each opening will indlcate disposal of a medical appliance through that opening providing accurate count of appliances used and disposed of as will be further discussed below.
From the above general description of the medical appliance disposal container of this invention it is apparent that a wide variety of shapes and sizes of containers may be used to fit a wide variety of specific use situati.ons. Fox example, a disposal container as shown in Fi.gs. 1 and 2 may be fabricated from inexpensive cardboard in appropriate sizes to accommodate use in private hospital rooms large wards nursing stations and specific treatment or operating rooms as well as emergency vehicles, ambulances, and the like. The cardboard container may be coated on its interior with an absorbent material to absorb liquids or it may be J
coaL-ed on its interior with an absorbent rcsistant material to prevent liquid of l.iquids J.ikcwise Lhe exterior may be coated with a plastic to prevent liquid absorption and to provide easy and effective cleaning. It is readily seen that synthetic polymeric sheet material of surficient sti.ffness may be substituted for cardboard in the disposal box shown in 1~-104 -10-;5 Fig. 1. Currently available blow molded plastic containers such as bottles having the shape gcllerally shown in Fig. 5, ~ay also be used instances where the disposal container nceds to be liquid-proof. Use of the plastic bottle-type disposal container as shown generally in Fig. 5, permits utilization of a wide number of different disposal opcnings by si.mply providing different i.nserts for seating beneath cap 13. ' Bending means plate 17 is used in connecti.on wi,th container openings 14 through which it is dcsired to dispose of needle-syringe assemblies. As described above, the bending plate provides bending orifice 19 for bendi.ng the needle while attached to the syringe and syringe disposal - opcning 21 of sufficient size to permit passage of the syringe body therethrough. J
There are many shapes and sizes of bending p~ates which would be sui.table for use witn thc di!iposal contaillers of this invention as is readily apparcnt to one skilled in ~he art upon rcading this disclosure.
Gcncrally, for durability, it is desirable that the bending plate be of a metallic ~-I-104 -11-.: .
m~sterial, but synthetic polymeric mate~ial~
may also be used, particularly glass fiber reinforced sheet materials, such as glass reinforced nylon or durable plastics such as l,exan, a polycarbonate. For thinner bending plates and for bending plates constructed of materials which are less durable, it is preferable to provide bending orifice ferrule 20, as shown in Fig. 4, of metal to provide a durable bending orifice permitting direct one-handed bending and disposal of ~
needle-syringe assembly. Also, as shown in Fig. 4, the bending means plate may have multiple bending orifices each with their appropriate guide slot for reception of different size or different types of needles.
Syringe disposal opening 21 is completely covered by at least one slotted plastic membrane. Plastic mcmbrane 15 preferably has a single slot 16 which extends _ substantially across bending means opening 21, a].ong bending means guide slot 18 and bending orifi.ce 19. Plastic membrane 15 i.s preferably sheet reti.culated synthetic po].ymeric fo~m of a type whi.ch returns to its original condit;.on Lollowillg spreadi.ng of slot 16 upon insertion of a medical k 1~-104 -12-appliance. Suitable such films include reticu-lated poly~rethane foam and polyvinylchloride.
Multiple layers of spaced plastic membranes ~ay be used, such as one or each side of a bending means plate or attached to container opening 14 and different top liners 13a as shown most clearly in Fig. 2. Multiple membranes, such as two or three, assure closure of the membrane following insertion of the medical appliance therethrough and provide additional strength to the open enclosure when the disposal container may be accidenLally turned upside down.
~e single slot 16 also aids in retention of meclical appliances within the disposal container when it is turned upside down. The surface of plastic membrane 15 Eacing the exterior of the disposal container may be a laminated smo~th polymeric film or ease of cleaning.
Medical appliance insertion openings 30, used for mcdical appliances other than ncedle-syringe assemblies, may be constructed in the same rashion as dcscribed above except t:hat ~he disposal opening need not provide the bending means guide slot 17 and bending mcans orifice 19. A bending rneans p]ate 17 is not necessary for such insertion openings.
~-e plastic mcmbrane may be constructed in a similar fashion and adhered directly to the bottom of container top 13 or preferably between top ].3 and top liner 13a or between two layers of top liner 13a. Medical appliance insertion openi.ngs ~0, of suitable shape for particular medical appliaoces, may be arranged in convenient rows for each type of medical appliance and slot 16 may be covered with a thin colored layer of sheet material which must oe broken for insertion of the medical appli.ance and thus using a different hole for each medical appliance, ~ the number of specific medical appliances inserted into the disposal container may be readily ascertained, as is necessary in various medical practices, such as insertion of scalpels from an operating procedure. It is also apparent that the opening or openings for disposal of medical appliances may also be located in the upper portion of the sides of the disposal container.
A su;.table durable adhesive coated seal may be provi.ded on the s;de or top of the disposal container for fully covering thc opellings in the top of the conl:ainer for di.sposal of the cornplete container containing the disposed medical appliances.
I~-104 14 ;5 Any suitable means may be used to cover the contalner openings and the medical applianc~
disposal container then safely disposed of in accordance with recommended procedures depending upon its contents. Contagious medical waste may be disposed of in containers according to this invention which can be autoclaved as required prior to final disposal.
An improved medical appliance disposal container has been described ~hich protects health service personnel from ncedle puncture wounds, the most prevalent hospital accident.
Further, the disposal container of this invention provides d;rect intact disposal of a wide variety of medical appliances;
renders needles inoperable; reduces risk of contcnts spillage; and provides an inexpensive disposal container for wide usa~e in the health care industry.
I~hile in the forcgoing specification this invention has been described in relation to certain preferred embodiments thereof, and many details have been set forth for purpose of illusCration, it will be apparent to thosP
skillcd in the art t:hat the invention is susceptible to additional embodiments and that certain of the details described herein can be varied considerably without departing from the basic principles of the invention.
1~-104 -15-. . .
Claims (25)
1. A medical appliance disposal container comprising; a container body comprising a bottom and side walls; and a container top enclosing said container, said container top having at least one opening therein for insertion of medical appliances, said opening being covered by at least one slotted plastic membrane, said slot being of sufficient size to permit insertion of the desired medical appliance into the disposal container, and a bending means located at one end of said slot whereby needles may be bent while attached to.a syringe and the bent needle-syringe assembly inserted through said slot into said disposal container.
2. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 1 wherein said bending means comprises an orifice and an orifice ferrule extending outwardly therefrom.
3. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 1 wherein said container body and said container top comprises one piece of material which is capable of being assembled to form said container from a flat sheet.
4. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 1 wherein said container body and said cantainer top are fabricated from cardboard.
5. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 1 wherein said container has an absorbent material on its inner surface.
6. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 1 wherein said container has a non-absorbent material on its inner surface.
7. The medical appliance disposal contalner of Claim 1 wherein said container body and said container top has a non-absorbent exterior surface.
8. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 1 wherein said container body and said container top are fabricated from synthetic polymeric sheet material.
9. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 1 having additional openings in said top for insertion of medical appliances, said additional openings being covered by at least one slotted plastic membrane, said slot being of sufficient size to permit insertion of the desired medical appliance into the disposal container.
10. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 9 wherein said additional openings are color-coded so that the membrane at each opening will indicate disposal of a medical appliance through that opening.
11. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 10 having said slot covered by a thin colored layer of sheet material which is broken upon insertion of a medical appliance.
12. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 1 wherein said bending means is constructed of materials selected from the group consisting of metallic materials, glass fiber reinforced sheet polymeric materials, and polycarbonates.
13. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 1 wherein said plastic membrane is selected from the group consisting of reticulated polyurethane feam and polyvinylchloride.
14. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 1 wherein said opening is covered by two or three said membranes.
15. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 1 wherein said opening is covered by a seal for dispoal of said container.
16. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 1 wherein said container body comprises a molded plastic container and a separate container top.
17. In a medical appliance disposal container of the type having at least one opening therein for insertion of a medical appliance, the improvement comprising; said opening being covered by at least one slotted plastic membrane, said slot being of sufficient size to permit insertion of the desired medical appliance into the disposal container, and a bending means located at one end of said slot whereby needles may be bent while attached to a syringe and the bent needle-syringe assembly inserted through said slot into said disposal container.
18. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 17 wherein said bending means comprises an orifice and an orifice ferrule extending outwardly therefrom.
19. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 17 having additional openings therein for insertion of medical appliances, said additional openings being covered by at least one slotted plastic membrane, said slot being of sufficient side to permit insertion of the desired medical appliance into the disposal container.
20. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 19 wherein said additional openings are color-coded so that the membrane at each opening will indicate disposal of a medical appliance through that opening.
21. The medical appliance disposal container of Glaim 20 having said slot covered by a thin colored layer of sheet material which is broken upon insertion of a medical appliance.
22. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 17 wherein said bending means is constructed of maLerials selected from the group consisting of metallic materials, glass fiber reinrorced sheet polymeric materials, and polycarbonates.
\
\
23. the medical appliance disposal container of Claim 17 wherein said plastic membrane is selected from the group consisting of retirulated polyurethane foam and polyvinylchloride.
24. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 17 wherein said opening is covered by two or three said membranes.
25. The medical appliance disposal container of Claim 17 wherein said opening is covered by a seal for disposal of said container.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US354,951 | 1982-03-05 | ||
| US06/354,951 US4410086A (en) | 1982-03-05 | 1982-03-05 | Medical appliance disposal container |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1188265A true CA1188265A (en) | 1985-06-04 |
Family
ID=23395588
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000422933A Expired CA1188265A (en) | 1982-03-05 | 1983-03-04 | Medical appliance disposal container |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4410086A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1188265A (en) |
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-
1982
- 1982-03-05 US US06/354,951 patent/US4410086A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1983
- 1983-03-04 CA CA000422933A patent/CA1188265A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-08-12 US US06/522,618 patent/US4452358A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4410086A (en) | 1983-10-18 |
| US4452358A (en) | 1984-06-05 |
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