CA1190918A - Well logging apparatus and method for making same - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract of the Disclosure A replaceable insulating sleeve is disposed around the lower end of a drill string used in drilling a well. The sleeve is restrained from rotating relative to the drill string, but can be released and quickly slipped off the drill string in the field to permit rapid replacement if damaged, or if alternate equipment is required. The sleeve carries sensing means for measuring a characteristic of formations penetrated by the well. Anchor means on the sensing means prevents it from rotating relative to the sleeve.

Description

~' ` ~

WELL LOGGING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MAKING SAME

Background of_the Invent.ion Field of the Invention This invention relates to apparatus for logging wells during drilling and to methods for making such apparatus.
The Prior Art Although the advantages of simultaneously drllling and logging a borehole have long been recognized, such services have developed slowly because of the lack of reliable equipment which can be quickly repaired or replaced in the field.
Many prior art patents disclose various types of elec-trically insulated sleeves fitted around the drill string with instrumentation just above the drill bit in an attempt to measure ~7hile drilling such variables as formation elec-trical resistivity, self-potential, temperature, pressure, radioactivity, directional deviation of a drill hole, and the like. Examples of such apparatus are shown in rJ~ S.
Patent No. 2,563,241 to Martin, U. S. Patent No. 2,930,137 to Arps, U. S. Patent NoO 3,149,683 to Clements et al, and U. S. Patent No. 3,293,542 to Piety.
The disadvantage of the sleeves previously proposed for logging while drilling is that they often cannot with-stand the severe abrasion and shock encountered downhole while drilling, and cannot be readily removed and replaced f 1 in the field, which severely limits their utility. Copend-(12992) ing application Serial No. 141,7~9, filed April 21, 1980, discloses àn improved sleeve for logging-while-drilling, and methods for making the sleeve. This invention provicles further improve~ents in the sleeve and methocls disclosed in Canadian Patent No: 1,16~,572.

Summary of the Invention This invention provides an improved ~ounting of sens-10 ing devices on an insulating sleeve which can be easily and quickly secured around a drill string above the drill bit, and also be cluickly and easily removed and replaced by another sleeve if the first sleeve should become damaged, inoperative, or inapplicable for a particular well-logging 15 problem.
Briefly, the insulating sleeve has a longitudinal opening through it adaptecl to fit around a portion of a drill string. The sleeve inclucles an internal and longi-tudinally extending spline adapted to make a sliding fit in 20 a ~atching longitudinal groove in the drill string. At least one annular ring of electrically conductive material is embedded in the sleeve, and a surface portion of the ring is exposed to contact fluid in the well when mounted on the drill string. An anchor strip secured to the ring 25 and embedded in the sleeve extends longitudinally away from the ring to lock the ring in place. At least one conductor embedded in the sleeve is connected to the ringO The con-ductor extends out of the sleeve to permit the connector to be eonnected to a logging eircuit in the drill string.
Preferably, the ring is electrically connected to the anchor strip, which is also of an electrically conductive material and includes a hole to receive the concluctor. The portion of the anchor strip around the hole is copper-plated to facilitate connecting the conductor to the anchor strip by soldering~ The ring and anchor strip are preferably of 1 nonmagnetic metal to minimize distortion of the earth's magnetic field.
In terms method for making a logging sleeve adapted to slide on and off a drill string to be used in a well for measuring downhole characteristics in the well, the inven-tion includes the steps of placing at least one layer of resin-coated fibers in a longitudinal groove in a mandrel.
An electrical conductor is placed on the resin-coated fibers in the groove, and additional resin-coated fibers are placed on the electrical conductor to substantially fill the groove. Thereafter, resin-coated fibers are wrapped around the mandrel to cover it and the fibers in the groove. An annular ring with a longitudinally extend-ing anchor strip is mounted on the resin-coated fibers wrapped around the mandrel, and one end of an electrical conductor is electrically connected to the ring, which is of an electrically conductive material. Additional resin-coated fibers are wrapped around the mandrel and at least a portion of the anchor strip, and then the resin is cured to form a sleeve with an inner longitudinal spline adapted to make a slidin~ fit in a matching longitudinal groove in the drill string. Thereafter, the c~red sleeve is slipped off the mandrel.
Preferably, the method includes the step of applying a resin putty to the resin-coated fibers wrapped around the mandrel and mounting the mandrel with the anchor strip in the putty~ Preferably, the anchor strip is of an electric-ally conductive material and is electrically connected to the ring. The anchor strip includes a hole, and a portion of the anchor strip around the hole is copper-plated. The conductor is disposed in the hole and soldered to the anchor strip. Thereafter, additional resin-coated fibers are wrapped around the mandrel, the anchor strip, and the ring. The resin is cured, and a portion of it is ground away in the vicinity of the ring to expose the outer sur-face of the ring.

1 Preferably, the mandrel is wrapped with resin-coated glass fibers to a point extending longitudinally past the fibers in the groove so that the spline formed on the sleeve by the fibers in the groove terminates short of one end of the sleeve, and the conductor leaves the sleeve at that end of the spline short of the acljacent end of the sleeve. This permits the conductor to be folded back over itself to protect it during shipment and storage.
Preferably, a plurality of conductors and electrode rings are used, the electrode rings being mounted at longi-tudinally spaced locations on the mandrel, and a separate respective conductor is electrically connected to each of the electrode rings, preferably by means of an anchor strip, such as the type referred to above. When a plurality of conductors are used, they are preferably bound together with a protective sheath or tube which covers a span where the conductors leave the sleeve. The sheath protects the wires when they are folded over inside the sleeve for safe shipment or storage. The electrical conductors are normally Zo wires coated with a suitable insulating plastic, such as Teflon, which tends to cold-flow when subjected to bending.
Accordingly, the sheath ensures that the insulation on th-e wires remains intact, even though they are folded over themselves at a relatively sharp angle inside the sleeve during storage or shipment.

1 Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation of the invention mounted in a drill string in a well bore;
FIG. 2 is a view taken on line 2-2 of FIG. l;
FIG. 3 is a view taken on line 3-3 of FIG. l;
FIG. 4 is a view taken on line 4-4 of FIG. l;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional elevation taken on line 5-5 of FIG. 4, and in which the housing is not shown;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional elevation ~f a lower portion of FIG. l;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view taken in the area of 7-7 of FIG. l;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view taken in the area of 8-8 of FIG. l;
FIG. 9 is an end view of the wear ring;
FIG. 10 is a view taken on line 10-10 of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional elevation of a por tion of the sleeve before the application of electrode material;
FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 11 showing electrode material applied to the sleeve;
FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIGS. 11 and 12 showing~
the electrode in a finished condition;
FIG. 14 is an end elevation of the preferrecl sleeve made in accordance with the preferred method of this inven-tion;
FIG. 15 is a view taken on line 15-15 of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is an enlaraed view taken on line 16-16 of FIG. 15;
FIG. 17 is a view taken on line 17-17 of FIG. 16;
FIG. 18 is an end view of an electrode ring before mounting on the sleeve;
FIG. 19 is a view taken on line 19-19 of FIG~ 18; and FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a mandrel used to make the sleeve.

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1 Description of Specific Embodiments Referring to FIG. 1, an elongated, cylin~rical, hollow sleeve 20 ~akes a close slip-fit over a lower section 22 of an elongated, generally cylindrical housing 24 having a central longitudinal bore 26 extending through it. The housing includes upper section 27 of larger outside diameter than the lower section 22, so that an annular, downwardly facing (as viewed in FIG. 1) shoulder 28 is formed where the larger section 27 steps dotln to the smaller dia~eter of lot~er section 22. The housing is part of a drill string 29 disposed in a well bore 30.
An annular wear ring 31 makes a close slip-fit around the smaller diameter section 22 of the housing so that the upper surface of the wear ring bears against shoulder 23.
The lower surface 32 of the wear ring slopes downwardly and outwardly to rest on a matching surface at the upper end of the sleeve.
An upper electrode ring 34 is disposed in an upper circumferential and outwardly opening groove 36 in the outer surface of the sleeve. ~ lower annular electrode 38 is disposed in a lower circumferential and outwardly open-ing groove 40 in the outer surface of the sleeve.
The upper and lower electrodes are connected by sepa-rate electrical conductors 42 (one such conductor is shown 25 in FIGS. 11-13) in a cable 44, which extends up through the insulated sleeve and a cable tunnel 46 formed through the wear ring and the wall of the housing.
The upper end of the cable is connected to a power and instrument package 4~, which ~includes an electrical power source (not shown) and appropriate equipment (not shown) for generating, measuring, and recording signals developed in response to various physical characteristics of the adja-cent formation in the well bore. The power and instrument package is secured in the center of the central bore 26 of the housing by three equally spaced and radially extending 1 spiders 50 secured at their inner ends to the power and instrument package. The outer ends of the spiders bear against the interior surface of the bore through the hous-ing. The lower edges of the spiders rest on an annular and upwardly facing internal shoulder 52 for~ed within tne bore 26 in the housing. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cable tunnel includes a horizontal section 54, which extends from the power and instrument package through one of the spiders to join the upper end of the vertical portion of the cable tunnel in the wall of the housing.
The lower end of the insulated sleeve has a downwardly and inwardly extending annular surface, whlch rests on a matching surface 62 on the upper end of a torque tube 64, which ~akes a close slip-fit around the lower portion of the housing. The lower end of the torque tube rests on an upwardly facing annular shoulder 66 at the upper end of a drill collar section 68, into which the lower end of the housing is threaded. The upper end of the housinq is threaded onto the lower end of a section of drill collar 70 in the drill string.
As shown in FIG. 3, the insulatinc; sleeve includes four equally spaced, inwardly projecting, and loncJitudinally extending splines 72, which each fit into a respective ~atching outwardly opening and longitudinally extendincJ
groove 74 in the outer surface of the housing. The splines on the insulated sleeve extend for the full length of the sleeve. The grooves in the exterior surface of the housing extend from about the midpoint of the wear ring to the lower end of the torque tubei which has four equally spaced, inwardly projecting splines 76 (FIG. 4) which extend longi-tudinally for the length of the torque tube and fit into the housing grooves.
In effect, the splines 72 on the sleeve form a sepa~
rate longitudinally extending groove 77 between adjacent splines, and the grooves 74 in the housing fo~l a separate 1 longitudinally extending spline 73 between adjacent grooves.
The bottom surfaces of the grooves and the top surfaces of the splines of the sleeve and the housing taper inwardly away from the shoulder to facilitate asse~bly and disasse~-bly of the sleeve on the housing. The amount of taper canvary over a wide range, but we have found that a relativelv slight taper, say, about 1/8" in 13 feet, is adequate to provide an easy, but close slip-fit of the sleeve on the hou 5 ing.
The splines 76 on the torque tube for~ a separate lon-gitudinally extending groove 79 between adjacent splines.
The grooves and splines of the sleeve and torque tube make a close slip-fit with the grooves and splines of the housing so the torque tube is firmly supported against rotation relative to the housing, but is easilv moved longitudinally when necessary.
Referring to FIG. 5, which is a view ta~en on line 5-~of FIG. 4 (with the housing not shown), a wire retaining ring 80 is disposed in four inwardly opening, circumferen-tial grooves 82 formed in the lower ends of the torque tubesplines 76, so the wire is secured under an outwardly ex-tending and downwardly facing shoulder 84 (FIG. 6), where the o.d. of the housing is reduced for a short, vertical section 86 adjacent the upper end of the lower drill collar section 63. The retaining ring 80 prevents the torque tube from sliding upwardly along the housing if the insulated sleeve should be worn away during drilling operations.
Referring to FIG. 7, the wear ring is prevented from slidir-g downwardly (if the in-sulated sleeve should be worn away during drilling operations) by a bolt 90 threaded into the housing wall to project outwardly into the inner end of a bore 92 extending radially through the wear ring wall.
~ore than one such bolt can be used, if desired. Three inwardly and longitudinally extending splines 93 (FIGS. 9 and 10) on the inner surface of the lower half of the wear l ring each fit into a respective groove 74 in the outer sur-face of the housin~ to prevent the wear rinq from rotating on the housing, and yet leave the wear ring free to slide longitudinally when the bolt 90 is removed.
As shown best in FIG. 8, the upper end of the electri-cal cable 44 extends from the upper end of the insulating sleeve into a longitudinally e~tendin~ slot 9a ~FIGS. 9 and lO) in the interior surface of the wear ring. As sho~n in FIG. 9, the slot 94 is spaced 90 from two of the wear rin~
splines 93, which are each spaced 90 from the third spline.
Thus, the three wear ring splines each form a separate respective groove 95 between acljacent splines, the groove which includes slot 94 being twice as wide as the other two. Accordingly, the grooves and splines of the wear rinc1 make a close slip-fit with all four of the solines on the housing, but with only three of the grooves in the housing because of wear ring slot 94. This is ade~uate support to restrain the wear ring from rotating relative to the hous-ing.
The upper end of the cable carries a connector pluy 96, ~FIG. 8), which releasabl~ fits into a socket 98 sealed in the lower end of the vertical portion of the cable tunnel 46 in the wall of the housing to prevent incursion of drilling fluid into the power and instrument package.
The plug 96 is provided with suitable sealing ~eans (not shown), which may be of conventional construction, to pre-vent incursion of high-pressure fluids from the well bore into the electrical connections ~ade by the plug with the socket.
The material which forms the insulated sleeve must withstand high temperatures and shock. It must also have reasonabl~ good wear resistance to the abrasive conditions encountered during the drilling of most wells, and it must have high electrical resistivity to avoid unacceptable leakage between the drill strinq and electrodes or other 1 sensing devices on the sleeve. These requirements are met by forming the insulating sleeve from glass fibers anci epoxy resinj which includes particles of abrasion-resistant material, such as aluminum oxide sold uncler the trademark "Carborundum". U. S. Patent No. 3,072,~3 to Clements et al describes the use of such materials to ~orm an electrocle sleeve on a drill pipe.
We have prepared suitable insulating sleeves by wrap-ping glass ibers coated ~ith epoxy rcsin and Carborundu~
particles around a mandrel (not shown) which matches the surfaces of the portion of the housing arounc1 which the insulated sleeve is to fit. During the wrappinq opcration, the appropriate electrical conductors are embedded in the wall of the insulating sleeve as it is formed. The top and bottom surfaces of the splines and grooves of the mandrel taper toward one end to l~atch that of the housing. Accord-ingly, after the resin has cured, the formed sleeve can be easily slipped off the mandrel, and the internal surfaces of the sleeve are tapered to match those on the housing.
The principal steps in ~aking an electrocle sleeve assembly, say, useful for electric well logging, are shown in FIGS. 11-13. Outwardly opening, circumferential grooves 40 (only one groove is shown in FIGS. 11-13) are for~ed in the outer surface of the sleeve to reach the end of one of the conductors 42 embedded in the sleeve wall during the production of the sleeve. The end of the conductor is raised into the groove and stripped of insulation to expose bare Tnetal.
As shown in FIG. 12, a ~etallic conductor material 100 is deposited in the prepared groove to invest the exposed end of the conductor. The deposited metal may be sprayed into place by the well-known Metco pro~ess. It may also be electrodeposited, accumulated by vapor deposition, or any combination of such processes. Spray deposition is pre-sently preferred. As shown in FIG. 13, the deposited metal l is smoothed so that its outer surface is flush with theouter surface of the sleeve, leaving an annular elcctrode 38.
In usinq the replaceable sleeve of this invention, it is assembled as shown in F`IG. 1, so that it is fir~ly sup-ported on the housing and clamped bet~leen the ~1ear ring at its upper end and the torque tube at its lo-~er end. The torque tube is made of steel of sufficient strength to accept the wear ancl stress imposed bv conventional ton~s (not shown) when the housing is threaded into, or out of, a drill collar. The annular shoulder 66 on the drill col-lar holds the torque tube in a snug fit against thc sleeve, which is thereby placed in slight, but fir~, compression for the drilling operation. The torque tube accepts all of the mechanical wear and tear in connecting or disconnccting the housing in the drill strlng~
~ lthough the insulated sleeve can vary in length for different uses, for most well logginq operations, it will be between about 2 and about 15 feet long. If it is rela-tively short, say, only a foot or two, the torque tube maybe omitted, letting the lower end of the electrode sleeve bear directly against the shoulder 66 on the drill collar section 6~. Under these circumstances, the tongs, normally used to make up or break apart drill string, would have to be shifted upwardly from their normal position to engage the housing above the insulating sleeve. If the sleeve is more than a fe~ feet long, it normally would not be feas-ible to raise the tongs sufficiently high to avoid contact with the sleeve, Accordingly, the torque tube is almost always required for practical operations.
Although the insulating sleeve in the specific embodi-ment described above is built to facilitate measuring the electrical resistivity of formations traversed by the well bore, the sleeve can be provided with other sensing devices for measuring other characteristics of the formations. For a8 1 example, piezoelectric crystals can be embedded in the sleeve to measure acoustical properties, or other sensors can be used to measure pressure, temperature, or borehole deviation during the drilliny.
An important advantage of this invention is that the insulating sleeve can be quickly and easilv assembled on, or removed from, the primary housing. This is essential in most drilling operations where delays in handling equipment at a drilling rig are e~pensive and sometimes (langerous.
If the insulated sleeve is damaged or worn away durinq drilling operations, the wear ring protects the annular shoulder 28 on the housing from damage. The retaining ring in the lower end of the torque tube prevents the tube fro~
sliding up and down the housinq, avoiding possible damage to the housing or the wear ring.
In the course of prolonqed use, the wear ring may even-tually be so worn or damaged that it no longer nrotects the shoulder or holds the insulated sleeve in the desired posi-tion on the housing. The wear ring is then easily removed and replaced by a new one.
If desired, a second wear ring of appropriate size and shape can be disposed between the torque tube and the lower end of the insulated sleeve to prevent damage to the upper end of the torque tube when the insulated sleeve is worn aWaY~
The insulated sleeve is easily replaced by simpiy slip-ping it off the lower end of the housing after the housing is removed from the drill collar section 6~, and the torque tube is slipped off the lower`end of the housing. The e]ec-trical plug 96 (FIG. ~) is disconnected by removing thebolt 90 (FIG. 7) from the bore 92 in the wear ring wall so the wear ring and insulating sleeve can be lowered a few inches to provide access to the plug 96, which is then re-moved. A similar plug (not shown) on a replacement sleeve sleeve (not shown) is connected to the socket 9~ and sealed 1 thereto by appropriate means (not shown). The wear rinq is then raised back to its position against shoulder 2~ on the primary housing and locked in place bv inserting the bolt which has an internal hex socket 101 to facilitate screwing the bolt into and out of the housing wall. The torque tube is slipped over the lower end of the housing to the position shown in FIC. 1. The tongs are applied to the torque tube and the lower end of the housing is threaded into the upper end of the drill co11ar section 68 until the torque tube insulated sleeve and wear ring are snuglv fitted together as shown in FIG. 1.
~ ith the apparatus assembled as shown in ~IG. 1 it can be used to log the electrical resistivity of formations traversed as the well is drillecl. The logging information can be either recorded with equipment (not shown) in the power and instrument pac~age or it can be transmitted to the surface during drilling by generating coded pressure pulses in the drilling fluid such as described in U. S.
Patent No. 3 964 556 to Gearhart et al or U. S. Patent No.
20 4 07~ 620 to Westla~e et al.
FIGS. 1~ show the presently preferred embodiment of a sleeve 101 and method for making it. A sleeve of the type shown in FIGS. 1~ and 15 is made by forming it on an elongated cylindrical mandrel 102 having four longitudinal splines or grooves 10~ equally spaced around its circumfer ence. Each groove has a pair of sidewalls 106 which slope outwardly away from each other. The mandrel tapers slight-ly say from left to right (as viewed in FIG. 20) from a larger diameter to a smaller diameter to form a sleeve with an internal taper as described above.
A coatin~ of mold-release agent (not shown) is applied to the mandrel and then a coating of epoxy resin (not shown) is applied to the bottom and sidewalls of each groove which is then filled to a level 107 with seven strips (not individually shown) cut from 9-ounce ~iberglass 1 sheets and coated with epoxy resin. One of the grooves in the mandrel, say, the top groove, as viewed in FIG. 20, serves as a wireway for four copper wires lO~, cach of which is covered by a conventional insulation 110, such as Teflon plastic. The wi-res are sandwiched bet-leen the third and fourth strips (no~ shown) of fiberglass sheets as thev are placed in the groove which serves as a wirewav. The left (as viewed in FIG. 1~-) end of the wirewav groove is not filled with fiberglass for a relatively short distance, say, about 2". To facilitate this step, the left end or the wireway groove may be covered with a strip o~ masking tape, or the like. Thus, after the sleeve 101 is com~leted, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the upper or wireway spline o~
the sleeve terminates 2" short of the left (as viewed in FIG. 15) end of the sleeve.
During the manufacturing of the sleeve, the ~ires are covered with a section 109 of high-temperature heat-shrin};
tubing about 1/2" long to cla~p them together and nrovide protection where the wires emerge from the sleeve ireway spline. After the sleeve is completed, the left (as viewec7 in FIG. 15) ends of the wires are connected to a suitable plug (not shown) as described with respect to FIG. 8 above.
During shipping or storage, the free ends of the ~ires and the plug are folded back inside the sleeve to protect them from inadvertent damage. The section of heat-shrink tubing around the wires prevents the plastic insulation on them from cold-flowing, which might permit the wires to short-circuit.
As shown best in FIG. 15, the right end of the wires terminate at different distances within the upper spline of the sleeve. For example, using a sleeve about 160" long, the shortest wire terminates about 7~" from the left end of the sleeve, the next about 9~", the next about 113", and the fourth about 121" from the left end. The right (as viewed in FIG. 15~ end of each wire is pushed up through ,~

1 each overlying strip of fiberglass placed on them in the wireway groove of the mandrel.
After the mandrel grooves are fillecl with resin-coated fiberglass strips to level 107 (FIGS. 16 and 17), the man-drel is helically wrapped with a 6-inch wide strip 111 (FIG.
16) of 6-ounce fiberglass for its full length, with the adjacent edges of the 6-ounce fiberglass overlapping by about 3". The right end of each conductor is pushed up through the 6-ounce fiberglass during the ~Jrapping opera-tion.
Four separate electrode rings 120 (FIGS. 15, 16, and17) are disposed around the mandrel adjacent the right (as viewed in FIG. 15) end of a respective conductor. Each electrode ring includes a pair of lonqitudinally extending rectangular anchoring strips 122 spot-~elded to the inter-ior of each ring at diametrically opposed locations. The electrode rings can be of any suitable si~e. For a tvpical electical logging operation, usin~ a sleeve about 6" in dia~eter, each ring ~ould have an outside diameter of about 20 6.25" and would be about 1.6" long. Each anchoring strip would be about 2.6" long~ about .5" wide, and about .13"
thick. As shown best in FIG. 16, the rings are positioned so that a respective anchoring strip on each of them is centered over the wireway groove in the ~andrel.
The left (as viewed in FIG. 15) end of each anchor strip disposed over the wireway ~roove includes a radially extending bore 126 (~IGS. 17, 1~, and 19) through it. The end of the anchor strip adjacent the bore, including the sur-face in the bore, is copper-plated to a thickness between 30 .003" and .005" thick. About 0.14" of insulation is stripped from the right (as viewed in FIG. 15) end of each electrical conductor, and each stripped end of each con-ductor is disposed in a respective bore 126 in the adjacent anchor strip. The copper conductor is then soldered to the copper-plated area of the anchor strip to provide good -~ -16-1 electrical contact between each copper wire and the respec-tive anchor strip and electrode ring to which it is attached.
Preferably, the electrode ring and the anchor strip are made of a nonmagnetic stainless steel. For example, Inconel ~lloy ~00, cold-rolled stainless steel sheet, is a qood material for this purpose.
Before the electrode rings are placed in the positions shown in FIG. 15, each respective area under a ring is coated or built up with epoxy putty, which may be epoxv resin mixed with shredded glass fibers. Each electrode ring is then installed in the position shown in FIG. 15 with the anchor strips and adjacent inner surfaces o~ the rings embedded in the epoxy putty. Thereafter, Eiberalass roving (not shown), coated with conventional epo~v resin and a high-temperature curing agent, ~s/tJound around the 6-inch-wide 6-ounce fiberglass strip ~ on the mandrel and around the anchor strips and electrode rings to buila up a wall 128 to an outside diameter slightly greater than that of the electrode rings. In other words, the outer surfaces of the electrode rings are covered with one or two layers (not shown) of fiberglass roving saturated with epoxy resin. Preferably, this winding operation is first ~one with a resin of one color to the inner edge of the electrode rings. Thereafter, the lining is completecl using resin of a different color. Preferably, aluminum oxide particles are included in at least the outer surface of the resin-coated fiberglass rovings during the winding operation to provide improved abrasion resistance as de-scribed above. In fact, if the aluminum oxide is of a dif-ferent color from the resin, it will provide the desiredcolor change as wear takes place on the outer surface of the sleeve. Thus, as the outer surface of the sleeve is worn away in service, a change of color will indicate when the wear has approached or exceeded acceptable limits.

1 nuring the manufacture of the sleeve, care is taken to ensure a "wet bond" between adjacent layers of resin-coated fibers as they are placed. This will ensure good honding and ~rovide a virtually monolithic final structure.
Preferably, the fiberglass rovings are wound in helical patterns back and forth along the mandrel to build up a wall of required thicJ;ness.
After the mandrel is completely wrapped as described above, it is heated sufficiently to cure the epoxy resin and form a tough and rigid sleeve, when can then be slipped off the smaller end of the mandrel.
The cured resin and fibers overlying the electrode rings is removed by surface grinding to expose the outer surface of each ring so they can contact ~luid in the well bore when the sleeve is mounted on a drill string for logging-while-drilling.
The advantage of a sleeve constructed as described with respect to FIGS. 1~-20 i5 that the longitudinal grooves in the mandrel are fully and uniformly filled with resin and fibers, which are securely bonded to the material wrapped in helical patterns around the rest of the mandrel.
This provides good hoop strength and a surface with long-wearing characteristics. The longitudinally extending anchor strips on the electrode rings help prevent the rings from being moved around the longitudinal axis of the sleeve and relative to the rest of the sleeve when the sleeve is rotated with the drill string. Moreover, if the sleeves are subjected to slight deformation or shifting, the con-nection of the electrical wires to the anchor strips, rather than directly to the rings, helps reduce the possi-bility of breaking electrical contact between the wires and their respective electrode rings. With the arrangement shown in FIG. 13, the electrode ring 3~ is not as firmly anchored against rotational movement relative to the sleeve, and a relatively small amount of such movement could break 1 good electrical contact between the conductor and the ring.
From the foregoing description, it will be apparent that this invention provides an i~proved mounting for sens-ing devices on an insulated sleeve which can be quic~ly an~
snugly fitted around a portion of the drill string so the sleeve is not rotatable relative to the drill string, and so the sleeve can be quickly slipped off the drill string, when required.

Claims (18)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. Well logging apparatus comprising:
an insulating sleeve having a longitudinal opening through it and adapted to fit around a portion of a drill string;
the sleeve including an internal and longitudinally extending spline adapted to make a sliding fit in a matching longitudinal groove in the drill string;
at least one annular ring of electrically conductive material embedded in the sleeve, a surface portion of the ring being exposed to contact fluid in the well when mounted on the drill string;
an anchor strip secured to the ring and embedded in the sleeve, the strip extending longitudingally away from the ring, and at least one conductor embedded in the sleeve and connected to the ring, the conductor extending out of the sleeve to permit the conductor to be connected to a logging circuit in the drill string.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the electrical conductor is connected to the anchor strip at a point longitudinally spaced from the ring, the strip and ring being of electrically conductive material.

3. Apparatus according to claim 2 in which the anchor strip includes a hole in it, the conductor being disposed in the hole and soldered to the strip.

4. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3 in which a portion of the anchor strip is copper-plated, and the conductor is soldered to the copper-plated surface of the strip.

5. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which a second longitudinally extending anchor strip is secured to the ring at a circumferentially-spaced location from the first strip.

6. Apparatus according to claim 2 in which a second longitudinally extending anchor strip is secured to the ring at a circumferentially-spaced location from the first strip.

7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6 in which the strip or strips are welded to the ring.

8. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3 in which the ring and strips are made of nonmagnetic material.

9. A method of making a logging sleeve adapted to slide on and off a drill string in a well for measuring a downhole characteristic in the well, the method including the steps of:
a) placing at least one layer of resin-coated fibers in a longitudinal groove in a mandrel;
b) placing an electrical conductor on the resin-coated fibers in the groove;
c) placing additional resin-coated fibers on the conductor to substantially fill the groove;
d) wrapping resin-coated fibers around the mandrel to cover the fibers in the groove;

e) mounting an electrically conductive annular ring with a longitudinally exteding anchor strip on the resin-coated fibers wrapped around the mandrel;

f) connecting one end of the conductor to the ring;
g) wrapping additional resin-coated fibers around the mandrel and at least a portion of the strip;
h) curing the resin to form the sleeve with an inner and longitudinal spline adapted to make a sliding fit in a matching longitudinal groove in the drill string; and i) sliding the sleeve off the mandrel.

10. The method according to claim 9 which includes the step of placing resin putty on resin-coated fibers wrapped around the mandrel, and mounting the ring and anchor strip in the resin putty before wrapping additional resin-coated fibers around the mandrel and at least a portion of the strip.

11. The method according to claim 9 which includes the step of wrapping resin-coated fibers around the mandrel to cover the ring.

12. The method according to claim 10 which includes the step of wrapping resin-coated fibers around the mandrel to cover the ring.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12 which includes the step of grinding away cured resin and fibers to expose an outer surface of the ring.

14. The method according to claim 9 in which the strip is electrically conductive and is electrically connected to the ring, and which includes the step of soldering the conductor to the anchor strip.

15. A method according to claim 12 which includes the step of copper-plating a portion of the anchor strip and thereafter soldering the electrical conductor to the copper-plated portion of the strip.

16. A method according to claim 1 which includes the step of wrapping the mandrel with resin-coated fibers past one end of the fibers in the groove so that the longitudinal spline in the sleeve terminates short of one end of the sleeve.

17. A method according to claim 13 which includes the step of wrapping the mandrel with resin-coated fibers past one end of the fibers in the groove so that the longitudinal spline in the sleeve terminates short of one end of the sleeve.

18. A method according to claim 16 or 17 in which the conductor extends out the end of the sleeve spline short of the adjacent end of the sleeve, and includes the step of heat-shrinking a tubing around the conductor where the conductor projects from the spline.