CA1192701A - Tampon having means for combatting harmful effects of bacteria - Google Patents
Tampon having means for combatting harmful effects of bacteriaInfo
- Publication number
- CA1192701A CA1192701A CA000397752A CA397752A CA1192701A CA 1192701 A CA1192701 A CA 1192701A CA 000397752 A CA000397752 A CA 000397752A CA 397752 A CA397752 A CA 397752A CA 1192701 A CA1192701 A CA 1192701A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tampon
- inner layer
- outer layer
- menstrual
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Abstract
The tampon is composed of an inner layer of liquidabsorbent material and an impervious outer layer which prevents the leakage of the contents of the tampon. Aperatures are formed in the outer layer for admission of menstrual discharge and wicks are optionally provided for facilitating the inward flow of liquid. A microbial agent which is bacteriacidal or bacteriastatic to Staph. aureus is optionally incorporated into the inner layer.
Description
~lg7~
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTI ON
James K. Todd of the University of Colorado and his colleagues in the November 25th, 1978 edition of L~ncet describe an illness which is commonly referred to ~s Toxic-Shock Syndrome (TSS). The clinical features of the illness include high fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, scarlatinifGrm rash and severe prolonged shock. Todd and his colleagues theorized that this was a new staphylococcal-toxin-related illness. ~ecently a similar symptom complex with a pre-ponderance in women using tampons (especially a super~
absorbent-type) during menstrual periods has been labelled as TSS. This TSS has also been linked by some investiga-tions with the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.
TS5 is a generic nosological entity the symptoma-tology of which includes fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhoea and shock including hypotensionO It appears that a sign-ificant number of sufferers of this sometimes fatal illness are tampon-using women. Those women affected by the illness tend to fall in the younger age group of below thirty years.
The actual way in which tampons can contribute to the development of this illness has been the subject of various theories. Some suggest tha-t it is the toxin produced by the Staph. aureus rather than the bacterium itself, which is directly responsible for production of the symptom-complex. Theories abound about how the toxin actually is disseminated to produce such wide-spread systemic manifestations. There are theories which suggest 28 the extension or penetration of the toxin through the ~z~
vaginal wall into the blood stream. Others suggest reflux or backflow or toxin-containing menstrual blood through the fallopian tube into the peritoneal cavity followed by rapid absorp-tion.
There i5 little doubt that Staph. aureus present in the vagina is a primary responsible factor of ~rss in tampon-using women. In all probability, the menstrual discharge containing blood and other organic material acts as a sort of culture medium which enhances the growth and proliferation of the staph. aureus.
SUM~ARY OF ~HE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a tam~pon for the absorption of menstrual fluids having means for substantially preventing fluids within the tampon from contacting the wall of the vagina in order to eliminate or minimize the occurrence of TSS in ~ampon-using w~men.
Another object of this invention is to provide a tampon in which an anti~microbial agent is incorporated in order to prevent the growth and proliferation of staph.
aureus within the tampon.
A still further object of this invention is to provide a tampon which is designed to m; n; m;ze the problems associated with the development of resistance by Staph~
aureus to the anti-microbial agent.
A still further ~bject of this invention is to provide a tampon which is designed to minimize -the risk of destruction of commensal organisms in the vagina.
These and other objects are accomplished by a tampon for absorption o~ menstrual fluids comprising an
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTI ON
James K. Todd of the University of Colorado and his colleagues in the November 25th, 1978 edition of L~ncet describe an illness which is commonly referred to ~s Toxic-Shock Syndrome (TSS). The clinical features of the illness include high fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, scarlatinifGrm rash and severe prolonged shock. Todd and his colleagues theorized that this was a new staphylococcal-toxin-related illness. ~ecently a similar symptom complex with a pre-ponderance in women using tampons (especially a super~
absorbent-type) during menstrual periods has been labelled as TSS. This TSS has also been linked by some investiga-tions with the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.
TS5 is a generic nosological entity the symptoma-tology of which includes fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhoea and shock including hypotensionO It appears that a sign-ificant number of sufferers of this sometimes fatal illness are tampon-using women. Those women affected by the illness tend to fall in the younger age group of below thirty years.
The actual way in which tampons can contribute to the development of this illness has been the subject of various theories. Some suggest tha-t it is the toxin produced by the Staph. aureus rather than the bacterium itself, which is directly responsible for production of the symptom-complex. Theories abound about how the toxin actually is disseminated to produce such wide-spread systemic manifestations. There are theories which suggest 28 the extension or penetration of the toxin through the ~z~
vaginal wall into the blood stream. Others suggest reflux or backflow or toxin-containing menstrual blood through the fallopian tube into the peritoneal cavity followed by rapid absorp-tion.
There i5 little doubt that Staph. aureus present in the vagina is a primary responsible factor of ~rss in tampon-using women. In all probability, the menstrual discharge containing blood and other organic material acts as a sort of culture medium which enhances the growth and proliferation of the staph. aureus.
SUM~ARY OF ~HE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a tam~pon for the absorption of menstrual fluids having means for substantially preventing fluids within the tampon from contacting the wall of the vagina in order to eliminate or minimize the occurrence of TSS in ~ampon-using w~men.
Another object of this invention is to provide a tampon in which an anti~microbial agent is incorporated in order to prevent the growth and proliferation of staph.
aureus within the tampon.
A still further object of this invention is to provide a tampon which is designed to m; n; m;ze the problems associated with the development of resistance by Staph~
aureus to the anti-microbial agent.
A still further ~bject of this invention is to provide a tampon which is designed to minimize -the risk of destruction of commensal organisms in the vagina.
These and other objects are accomplished by a tampon for absorption o~ menstrual fluids comprising an
2~
inner layer or swellable material; and an outer layer through which menstrual discharge may flow inwardly to the inner layer, the outer layer being impervious to the passage of menstrual fluid outwardly from the inner layer.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DR~ING
The invention is described in detail with ref-erence to the accompanying drawing in which:
Figure 1 is a section of a tampon of the invention prior to use;
Figure 2 is a section of the tampon of figure 1 after partial saturation;
Figure 3 is a section of the tampon when fully saturated;
Figure 4 ls a partial section of another embodiment of the tampon of the invention;
Figure 5 to Z are sections of further embodiments of the tampon of the invention prior to use;
Figure 8 is an elevation of a still further embodiment of the tampon; and Figure 9 is a section on line 9-9 of figure 8.
Like reference characters refer to like parts through-out the description of the drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED E~ODIMENTS
With reference to Figure 1, the illustrated tampon comprises an inner layer or core 10 surrounded by an outer layer or sheath 12. A plurality of fibres 14 extend out-wardly from the interior of the inner layer and terminate outwardly of the outer layer 12.
The inner layer is composed of a liquid absorbent material such as cotton gauze~ The outer layer 12 is in the shape of an accordian, being formed into loose folds which open up or unfold as the inner layer swells. The materlal of the outer layer is non-porous or liquid repellant material, such as polythene. Alternativel~ the outer layer may be composed of material which either alone or in combina-tion with the material of the inner layer permits -the passage of liquid in one direction or predomi~ntly in one direction but not in both directions. In the latter case the material will be placed such as to allow liquid to pass to tne interior of the tampon from its outside.
Fibres 1~ are composed of absorbent material which serves as a conduit or wick for thè passage of menstrual discharge. The bulk of the menstrual discharge flows to the interior of the tampon leaving only a minimal amount of the discharge to remain in contact with the vaginal wall. The availability of discharge as a culture medium outside tne tampon is accordingly minimized with resulting reduction in the likelihood of growth of Staph. aureus and consequently its production of toxin.
Preferably the inner layer contains an anti-microbial agent which is bactericidal or bacteriostatic to Stah.
aureus. The agent may take the form of an antibiotic, a chemotherapeutic agent, an antiseptic or a disinfectant.
Examples of suitable antibiotics are penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and neomycin. A sulfonamide is a suitable chermotherapeutic agent and phenol is a suitable disinfectant~
There are innumerable other an-ti-microbial agents which are bactericidal or bacteriostatic to Staph. aureus. SUCh agents are well known in the medical arts and the suit-ability of any given agent in the tampon of the inVelltiOn will depend upon various factors such as the resistance of the Staph. aureus to the anti-microbial agen-t, the serious-ness of the side effects of the agent, its effectiveness 33 and its cost.
~2~
The anti-microbial agent may be disseminated through-out the inner layer or i-t may be present in selected areas of the inner layer such as at the cen-tre or ad~acent to its periphery. The agent within the tampon is protected by the outer layer 12 from contact with the wall of the vayina and as a result the risk of an allergic or other adverse reaction to the anti-microbial agent is minimized.
The anti-microbial agent is also protected by the outer layer from contact with menstrual discharge on the outside of -the tampon. Consequently there is little risk of -the destruction of commensal organisms in the vagina or the development of resistance to the anti-microbial agent by Staph. aureus in any menstrual discharge outside the tampon.
The anti-microbial agent minimizes the risk of harmful con-tact of the contents of the tampon with the vaginal wall should lea~age occur from the tampon. The problems associated with the development in the menstrual discharge of a strain of Staph. aureus which is resistant to the anti-microbial agent in the inner layer can be dealt with by use of tampons treated with different anti-micro-bial agents at different periods during the same menstrual cycle or by use of differently treated tampons during successive menstrual cycles~ -The tampon illustrated in Figure 4 is the same as that illustrated in Figure 1 except that each wick 20 is contained within an elongated tubular extension of the outer layer 22.
Figure 5 illustrates a tampon in which the outer layer 24 is somewhat U~shaped in cross section and the inner layer 26 is partly contained at 26a within the outer layer and partly 33 outside the outer layer at 26b. Llke the outer layer 327~)~
illustrated in Figure l! outer layer 24 is accordian-shaped to permit the inner layer to expand as i-t fills with menstrual discharge.
The anti-microbial agent is disseminated throughout area 26a of the tampon illustrated in Fiyure 5 but not area 26b which is in contact with the vaginal wall and with the menstrual discharge outside the tampon.
In use the tampon illustrated in Figure 5 is placed such that exposed portion 26b of the inner layer is the first area contacted by the menstrual discharge as it flows into the vagina. In this way the exposed portion 26b serves to absorb the liquid within the vagina and wicks are not necessary.
However, the tampon may optionally be provided with wicks 28 to absorb any menstrual discharge not absorbed at area 26b.
The tampon illustrated in Figure 6 is similar to the tampon illustrated in Figure 1 except that the tampon lacks wicks for conYeying liquid to the interior. The outer layer 40 of the tampon is composed of material which either alone or in combination ~ith the material of the inner layer 42 permiks the flow of menstrual discharge from outside the tampon to the inner layer but prevents or substantially impedes flow in the opposite direction. Accordingly, once the menstrual discharge reaches the interior of the tampon, the discharge will remain there and little if any leakage will occur.
Figure 7 illustrates a tampon having a space between the inner and outer layers 50 and 52 to permit expansion of the inner layer as its swells in use. The outer layer is perforated for admission of liquid to the interlor or is provided with wicks for the same purpose.
In Figures 8 and 9 the lllustrated tampon is relatively elongated in which the outer wall 54 is folded inwardly at its sides to permit expansion of the space defined by the outer wall as the inner layer 56 swells. IJike the outer layer of Figure 7, layer 5~ is perforated or con-tains wicks to facilitate the inward flow of liquid.
It will be unders-tood, of course, that modifications can be made in the preferred embodiments described herein wi-thout departing from the scope and purview of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
inner layer or swellable material; and an outer layer through which menstrual discharge may flow inwardly to the inner layer, the outer layer being impervious to the passage of menstrual fluid outwardly from the inner layer.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DR~ING
The invention is described in detail with ref-erence to the accompanying drawing in which:
Figure 1 is a section of a tampon of the invention prior to use;
Figure 2 is a section of the tampon of figure 1 after partial saturation;
Figure 3 is a section of the tampon when fully saturated;
Figure 4 ls a partial section of another embodiment of the tampon of the invention;
Figure 5 to Z are sections of further embodiments of the tampon of the invention prior to use;
Figure 8 is an elevation of a still further embodiment of the tampon; and Figure 9 is a section on line 9-9 of figure 8.
Like reference characters refer to like parts through-out the description of the drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED E~ODIMENTS
With reference to Figure 1, the illustrated tampon comprises an inner layer or core 10 surrounded by an outer layer or sheath 12. A plurality of fibres 14 extend out-wardly from the interior of the inner layer and terminate outwardly of the outer layer 12.
The inner layer is composed of a liquid absorbent material such as cotton gauze~ The outer layer 12 is in the shape of an accordian, being formed into loose folds which open up or unfold as the inner layer swells. The materlal of the outer layer is non-porous or liquid repellant material, such as polythene. Alternativel~ the outer layer may be composed of material which either alone or in combina-tion with the material of the inner layer permits -the passage of liquid in one direction or predomi~ntly in one direction but not in both directions. In the latter case the material will be placed such as to allow liquid to pass to tne interior of the tampon from its outside.
Fibres 1~ are composed of absorbent material which serves as a conduit or wick for thè passage of menstrual discharge. The bulk of the menstrual discharge flows to the interior of the tampon leaving only a minimal amount of the discharge to remain in contact with the vaginal wall. The availability of discharge as a culture medium outside tne tampon is accordingly minimized with resulting reduction in the likelihood of growth of Staph. aureus and consequently its production of toxin.
Preferably the inner layer contains an anti-microbial agent which is bactericidal or bacteriostatic to Stah.
aureus. The agent may take the form of an antibiotic, a chemotherapeutic agent, an antiseptic or a disinfectant.
Examples of suitable antibiotics are penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and neomycin. A sulfonamide is a suitable chermotherapeutic agent and phenol is a suitable disinfectant~
There are innumerable other an-ti-microbial agents which are bactericidal or bacteriostatic to Staph. aureus. SUCh agents are well known in the medical arts and the suit-ability of any given agent in the tampon of the inVelltiOn will depend upon various factors such as the resistance of the Staph. aureus to the anti-microbial agen-t, the serious-ness of the side effects of the agent, its effectiveness 33 and its cost.
~2~
The anti-microbial agent may be disseminated through-out the inner layer or i-t may be present in selected areas of the inner layer such as at the cen-tre or ad~acent to its periphery. The agent within the tampon is protected by the outer layer 12 from contact with the wall of the vayina and as a result the risk of an allergic or other adverse reaction to the anti-microbial agent is minimized.
The anti-microbial agent is also protected by the outer layer from contact with menstrual discharge on the outside of -the tampon. Consequently there is little risk of -the destruction of commensal organisms in the vagina or the development of resistance to the anti-microbial agent by Staph. aureus in any menstrual discharge outside the tampon.
The anti-microbial agent minimizes the risk of harmful con-tact of the contents of the tampon with the vaginal wall should lea~age occur from the tampon. The problems associated with the development in the menstrual discharge of a strain of Staph. aureus which is resistant to the anti-microbial agent in the inner layer can be dealt with by use of tampons treated with different anti-micro-bial agents at different periods during the same menstrual cycle or by use of differently treated tampons during successive menstrual cycles~ -The tampon illustrated in Figure 4 is the same as that illustrated in Figure 1 except that each wick 20 is contained within an elongated tubular extension of the outer layer 22.
Figure 5 illustrates a tampon in which the outer layer 24 is somewhat U~shaped in cross section and the inner layer 26 is partly contained at 26a within the outer layer and partly 33 outside the outer layer at 26b. Llke the outer layer 327~)~
illustrated in Figure l! outer layer 24 is accordian-shaped to permit the inner layer to expand as i-t fills with menstrual discharge.
The anti-microbial agent is disseminated throughout area 26a of the tampon illustrated in Fiyure 5 but not area 26b which is in contact with the vaginal wall and with the menstrual discharge outside the tampon.
In use the tampon illustrated in Figure 5 is placed such that exposed portion 26b of the inner layer is the first area contacted by the menstrual discharge as it flows into the vagina. In this way the exposed portion 26b serves to absorb the liquid within the vagina and wicks are not necessary.
However, the tampon may optionally be provided with wicks 28 to absorb any menstrual discharge not absorbed at area 26b.
The tampon illustrated in Figure 6 is similar to the tampon illustrated in Figure 1 except that the tampon lacks wicks for conYeying liquid to the interior. The outer layer 40 of the tampon is composed of material which either alone or in combination ~ith the material of the inner layer 42 permiks the flow of menstrual discharge from outside the tampon to the inner layer but prevents or substantially impedes flow in the opposite direction. Accordingly, once the menstrual discharge reaches the interior of the tampon, the discharge will remain there and little if any leakage will occur.
Figure 7 illustrates a tampon having a space between the inner and outer layers 50 and 52 to permit expansion of the inner layer as its swells in use. The outer layer is perforated for admission of liquid to the interlor or is provided with wicks for the same purpose.
In Figures 8 and 9 the lllustrated tampon is relatively elongated in which the outer wall 54 is folded inwardly at its sides to permit expansion of the space defined by the outer wall as the inner layer 56 swells. IJike the outer layer of Figure 7, layer 5~ is perforated or con-tains wicks to facilitate the inward flow of liquid.
It will be unders-tood, of course, that modifications can be made in the preferred embodiments described herein wi-thout departing from the scope and purview of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A tampon for absorption of menstrual fluids comprising:
an inner layer of liquid-absorbent material;
an outer layer which surrounds and encloses the inner layer and through which menstrual discharge may flow inwardly to the inner layer, said outer layer being impervious to the passage of menstrual fluid outwardly from the inner layer;
and a plurality of wicks which extend from the inner layer outwardly through apertures formed in the outer layer, said wicks being liquid absorbent and serving as conduits for the flow of menstrual discharge from outside said tampon to said inner layer.
an inner layer of liquid-absorbent material;
an outer layer which surrounds and encloses the inner layer and through which menstrual discharge may flow inwardly to the inner layer, said outer layer being impervious to the passage of menstrual fluid outwardly from the inner layer;
and a plurality of wicks which extend from the inner layer outwardly through apertures formed in the outer layer, said wicks being liquid absorbent and serving as conduits for the flow of menstrual discharge from outside said tampon to said inner layer.
2. A tampon for absorption of menstrual fluids com-prising:
an inner layer of liquid-absorbent material having an anti-microbial agent which is bacteriacidal or bacteria-static to Staph. aureus in contact therewith;
an outer layer which surrounds and encloses the inner layer and through which menstrual discharge may flow inwardly to the inner layer, said outer layer being imper-vious to the passage of menstrual fluid outwardly from the inner layer;
and a plurality of wicks which extend from the inner layer outwardly through apertures formed in the outer layer, said wicks being liquid absorbent and serving as conduits for the flow of menstrual discharge from outside said tampon to said inner layer.
an inner layer of liquid-absorbent material having an anti-microbial agent which is bacteriacidal or bacteria-static to Staph. aureus in contact therewith;
an outer layer which surrounds and encloses the inner layer and through which menstrual discharge may flow inwardly to the inner layer, said outer layer being imper-vious to the passage of menstrual fluid outwardly from the inner layer;
and a plurality of wicks which extend from the inner layer outwardly through apertures formed in the outer layer, said wicks being liquid absorbent and serving as conduits for the flow of menstrual discharge from outside said tampon to said inner layer.
3. The tampon as claimed in claims 1 or 2 wherein said outer layer is formed into folds which unfold to accom-modate the swelling inner layer.
4. The tampon as claimed in claims 1 or 2 wherein said inner layer is composed of a first portion which is disposed within said outer layer and a second portion which is disposed outside said outer layer.
5. The tampon as claimed in claim 1 wherein an anti-microbial agent is in contact with said inner layer.
6. The tampon as claimed in claims 2 or 5 where said anti-microbial agent is selected from the group comprising:
an anti-biotic; a chemotherapeutic agent; an antiseptic;
and a disinfectant.
an anti-biotic; a chemotherapeutic agent; an antiseptic;
and a disinfectant.
7. The tampon as claimed in claims 1 or 2 wherein said outer layer is impervious to the passage of menstrual fluid but which is provided with a plurality of apertures through which menstrual fluid may flow inwardly to the inner layer.
8. The tampon as claimed in claims 1 or 2 wherein said inner layer is composed of a first portion which is disposed within said outer layer and a second portion being in contact with a anti-microbial agent which is bacteria-cidal or bacteriastatic to Staph. aureus.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8107112 | 1981-03-06 | ||
| GB8107112 | 1981-03-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1192701A true CA1192701A (en) | 1985-09-03 |
Family
ID=10520200
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000397752A Expired CA1192701A (en) | 1981-03-06 | 1982-03-05 | Tampon having means for combatting harmful effects of bacteria |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1192701A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5290269A (en) * | 1989-10-20 | 1994-03-01 | Standard Textile Co., Inc. | Hygienic products and fabrics therefor |
| US5389374A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1995-02-14 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Prevention of toxin production using absorbent products |
| US5547985A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1996-08-20 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Additives to feminine products |
| US5641503A (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1997-06-24 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Additives to tampons |
| US5778457A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1998-07-14 | Intellitecs International Ltd. | Hygienic panty and quick-attach pad |
| WO2003002163A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article |
| CZ302011B6 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2010-09-01 | Arko-Consult S.R.O. | Prevention of toxic shock syndrome using Lactobacillus bacterial strain |
-
1982
- 1982-03-05 CA CA000397752A patent/CA1192701A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5641503A (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1997-06-24 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Additives to tampons |
| US5679369A (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1997-10-21 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Additives to tampons |
| US5705182A (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1998-01-06 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Additives to tampons |
| US5290269A (en) * | 1989-10-20 | 1994-03-01 | Standard Textile Co., Inc. | Hygienic products and fabrics therefor |
| US5389374A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1995-02-14 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Prevention of toxin production using absorbent products |
| US5547985A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1996-08-20 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Additives to feminine products |
| US5753252A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1998-05-19 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Prevention of toxin production using absorbent products |
| US5778457A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1998-07-14 | Intellitecs International Ltd. | Hygienic panty and quick-attach pad |
| WO2003002163A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article |
| US7402722B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2008-07-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article |
| US7790947B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2010-09-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article |
| CZ302011B6 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2010-09-01 | Arko-Consult S.R.O. | Prevention of toxic shock syndrome using Lactobacillus bacterial strain |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |