CA1194855A

CA1194855A - Drilling of wells with top drive unit

Info

Publication number: CA1194855A
Application number: CA000431948A
Authority: CA
Inventors: George I. Boyadjieff
Original assignee: Varco International Inc
Current assignee: Varco International Inc
Priority date: 1982-08-03
Filing date: 1983-07-06
Publication date: 1985-10-08
Also published as: DE3327739C2; GB8501645D0; FR2565287A1; NO832774L; GB2152106B; US4449596A; GB8501643D0; JPS6245392B2; FR2531479B1; FR2565289A1; GB8320648D0; GB2124680B; FR2565289B1; GB2152107B; DE3327739A1; FR2565288B1; GB2152106A; JPS5944487A; NO157630B; DE3347970C2

Abstract

Abstract of the Disclosure Well drilling apparatus including a top drive drill-ing assembly having a motor driven stem adapted to be attached to the upper end of a drill string and drive it during a drill-ing operation, a torque wrench carried by the top drive assemly and movable upwardly and downwardly therewith and operable to break a threaded connection between the drill string and the stem, and an elevator carried by and suspended from the top drive assembly and adapted to engage a section of drill pipe beneath the torque wrench in suspending relation. The torque wrench and elevator are preferably retained against rotation with the rotary element which drives the drill string, but may be movable vertically relative to that rotary element and relative to one another in a manner actuating the apparatus between various different operating conditions.

Description

1 DRILLING OF ~ELLS WITH TOP ~)RIVE UNIT

31 This invention relates to well drilling equipment includ-~¦ ing a top drive assembly having a motor driving a ro-tary element 51 connected to the drill string to turn it.
61 A prior top drive drilling rig of this general type in-71 cludes pipe handling mechanism consisting of a torque wrench for 8 ~ making and breaking connections and an e]evator for suspending a 9¦ pipe section, both of which are attached to the power driven rotary lO¦ element of the top drive assembly and rotate with it. A pipe hand-ll¦ ler embodying the present invention greatly facilitates the making 12 ¦ and br~aking of connections and the handling of sections of pipe by 13 ¦ utilizing a torque wrench and elevator at least one of which, pre-l~ ¦ Eerably both, are re~ained against rotation with the drill str:ing 15 ¦ during drilling. Balancing problems and danger to personnel and 16 ¦ equipment which have been encoun-tered in prior equipment as a re-17 ¦ sult of rotation of the torque wrench and elevator during drilling 18 ¦ are thus avoided. In addition, these non-rotating parts may be l9 ¦ permanently oriented for more convenient access to personnel both 20 ¦ at the rig floor and at an elevated location in the rig. Further, 21 ¦ all power and control connections to the torque wrench may remain 22 ¦ attached to the wrench at all times permitting the wrench to make 23 ¦ and break pipe connections at any level in the rig.

2~ ¦ In -the drawings:
25 ¦ Fig. l shows a rig embodying -the invention;
26 ¦ Fig. 2 is an enlarged view showing a portion of Fig. l;
27 Fig. 3 is a side view on line 3-3 of Fig. 2;
28 Fig. ~ shows a portion of Fig. 2 with the elevator re 29 tracted;
Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on line 5-5 of Fig. 2;
3l Fig. 6 is a vertica: sectlon on line 6-6 of Fig. 5;

-~
li ll 1 Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are horizontal sections on lines 7-7, 2 8-8 and 9-9 of ~ig. 3;

3 Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are enlarged vertical sections on line 10-10 of Fig. 2 showing the apparatus in -three clifferent con-ditions;
6 ~igs. 13A, 13B, 13C, 13D and 13E represen-t several s-teps 7 durin~ addition of a stand of pipe to the drill string; and 8 l;'igs. 1~ B and 14C show several steps during removal 9 of a stand of pipe from the drill string.
Rig 10 in ~ig. 1 includes a mast or derrick 11 projecting 11 upwardly from a rig floor 12, with a tubular drill string 13, formed 12 of~a series of pipe sections interconnected at threaded joints 17, 13 extending downwardly along a vertical axis 14 and carrying a bit 15 14 to drill a well 16. A slip bowl 18 mounted in -the rig-floor 12 has downwardly tapering surfaces en~ageable with -tapering surfaces of lG wedge slips 19 to support the drill string while a section of pipe 17 is added to or removed from the string. The string is rotated dur-18 ing drilling by a top drive drilling assembly 20 suspended by a 19 hook 26 of a hoisting mechanism 21 which includes a traveling block 22 movable vertically relative to a crown block 23 by a line 24 21 pulled by draw works 25. Assembly 20 carries at its underside a 22 pipe handling mechanism 27 embodying the invention for making and 23 breaking thread~d connections in the drill string and for moving 2~ sections of drill pipe between active and inactive positions~
The top drive assembly, pipe handler and associated parts 26 are mounted for movement along vertical axis 1~ by two spaced 27 parallel vertical tracks 28 which extend parallel to axis 1~ and 28 are preferably of I-shaped hori~ontal section, and may extend 29 downwardly from the -top of the derrick to lower extremities 29 above the rig floor. Assembly 20 may include a conven-tional swivel 31 31 connected to the upper end of a power uni-t 30 and suspended by 32 a bail 32 from hook 26 hanging from -traveling block 22. Circulat-1 ing fluid flows i~to -t~e swivel throu~h a gooseneck 33 and down-2 wardly through the tubular stem 34 of -the s~ivel which is mounted 3 by bearinys 36 and for rotation relative to the non-rotating swivel

4 body 35 and is supported from the body by those bearings. Power unit 30 includes a carriage 37 guided by -trac]cs 28 for movemen-t 6 vertically along axis 14 and including two vertical structures 38 7 of U-shaped horizontal section disposed partially about the tracks 8 28 and carrying rollers 39 at the upper ancl lower ends o~ s-tructure 9 38 for engaging the tracks (Fig. 5) to roll therealong and preven-t movemen-t of the carriage 37 in any direction except vertically.
11 Members 38 are rigidly interconnected by members 40.
12 Power unit 30 includes a housing 41 which during drilling 13 is fixed rigidly to the carriage, and a short tubular sub 42 jour-1~ nalled by bearings 43 for rotation relative to housing 41 about axis 14. These bearings function also as thrust bearings retaining 16 housing 41 against vertical movement relative to sub 42 and support-17 ing the housing and a contained motor 44 from the sub. The motor 18 may be electrically energized and drive sub 42 rotatively through 19 reduction gears and about axis 14 relative to housing 41 in either direc-tion, under the control of an operator through a remote control 21 console 45 connected to the motor by a line 245 and flexible ser-22 vice loop 46 containing electrical cables and hydraulic lines lead 23 ing to the vertically movable power unit. The end 246 of loop 46 24 may be connected to the derrick vertically midway between the rig floor and the top of the derrick to provide electrical and hydraulic 26 connections to the power unit in all positions thereof. Housing 41 27 may be attached rigidly to a framework 47, which is connected to 2~ carriage 37 for swinging movement about a ver-tical axis 52 between 29 the full line and broken line positions of E'ig. 5 by a pivo-t pin 48 on the carriage projecting upwardly into a bearing 49 in -the 31 bottom of framework 47, and an aligned second pivo-t pin 50 pro-32 jecting upwardly from the framework into and ro-tatably received il 1 within a bushing 51 carried by the carriage. Framework 47 may be 2 releasably xetained in the active full line position of Fig. 5 by 3 bolts 53 mounted to the carriage to pivot about a vertical axis 54 between the [~iCJ. 5 locking position of reception within a recess 253 in a member 55 carried by framework 47 and a laterally swung 6 released position, with a nut 56 being tig~tenable on the bo:Lt 7 against member 55 to releasably lock -the framework and carried 8- parts in their Fig. 5 position. The upper end of sub 42 of power 9 unit 30 is threadedly connected to the rotary stem 3~ of swivel 31, to pass fluid from the swivel through sub 42 to the drill string.
11 Pipe handling meehanism 27 includes a tubular sub 57 ~2 threadedly eonnected at 58 to and driven by sub 42 and having ex-13 ternal threads 59 eonneetible to the drill strin~ 13 to drive it, 14 with the drilling fluid flowing through an internal passage 60 to the string. Sub 57 may inelude an upper main seetion 61 and a low-16 er relatively short replaeeable section 62 conneeted to seetion 61 17 by threads 63 whieh are desirably larger in diameter than threads 18 59 and the threads of other joints in the drill string, and are 19 made up to a torque much higher than that at whieh threads 59 are eonnected to the drill string and the other join-~s in the string 21 are made up, so that during normal handlinc3 the conncctions a-t 22 threads 59 and between an upper section of the drill pipe and the ~3 remainder of the drill string ean be broken withou-t detaehing the 24 parts at 63. Sections 62 and 61 have ou-ter cylindrieal surfaees 6~ and 65 of a eommon diameter with an annular upwardly faeing 26 inelined shoulder 66 formed on a cylindrical flange 67 on section 27 61. Therebeneath, section 61 has a circular series of parallel 28 axial splines 68.
29 ~ hanger assembly 70 suspencls from housing ~1 a torque wreneh 69, ineluding an upper seetion 71 containing a circular 31 series of axial parallel splines 72 movable vertically into and 3Z out of interfitting engagement with splines 68 of sub 57, and a il il I
s 1l lower section 73 disposed about and adapted to releasably grip the 2~ upper joint end of a top section of drill string 13. Section 73 3 ~ of the torque wrench includes a ri~id body s-tructure Eormed of two sections 74 and 75 detachably interconnected by pins 76 and 77 and forminy to~ether a passage 78 receiving the drill pipe, a 6 jaw 79 carrying gripping elements 80 engageable with the upper end 7 of a section of drill plpe, and a second jaw 81 havin~ grippiny ele-8 ¦ ments 82 engaging the opposite side of the pipe. A piston 83 is ~ ¦ actuable within a cylinder chamber a5 in section 75 toward and away 10 ¦ from axis 14 and is connected to jaw 81 by screws ~6 to hydrauli-11 ¦ cally move jaw 81 toward and away from jaw 79 to grip and release 12 the pipe. Elements 80 and 82 have teeth capable of applying torque 13 to the gripped pipe. Section 73 is turned about axis 14 relative 14 to section 71 by piston and cylinder mechanisms 87, whose cylinders 88 are connected to body part 75 by trunnions 89 for slight rela-tive 16 pivotal movement about vertical axes 90, and whose pistons have lr, their rods 91 connected by pins 92 to ears 93 on body mer~er 71 18 for relative pivotal movement. A guard 95 may project rightwardly 19 ~rom body 75. Two tapering bell segments ~6 projecting downwardly from body 74 of the torque wrench form a downwardly flaring inter-21 nal throat for centering the upper end of a drill pipe section as 22 it and -the wrench are moved axially relative to one another. Hy-23 draulic fluid is supplied to cylinders 85 and 88 through service 24 loop 46 to allow the torque wrench to be actuated into and out of gripping engagement with the well pipe by actuation of control ele-~6 ments at the remote console 45, and to allow pressure fluid to be 27 supplied to cylinders 88 selectively for turning the section 73 of 2~ the torque wrench about axis 14 relative to upper section 71 in 29 either direction to make or break the connection at 63.

30 ¦ When the gripping elements of the torque wrench are re-31 ¦ leased, and the drill striny is being driven rotatively, the torque 32 wrench may be centered by two replaceable wear parts 97 and 98 :1 s 1 hi.ch ~re carried at the top of body part 7~ and have inner curved ¦
surfaces 99 engageable with the top section of the rotating dril.1 31 s-tring to prevent lts contact with any other port.ion of the wrench ¦ and -thus avoid wear of any parts other than elements 97 and 98.
51 Par-t 98 may be movably secured to jaw 81 by two bolts 100 extend-6 ¦ ing vertically through -the jaw and through slots 101 in part 98 71 in a manner enabling jaw 81 in its active pipe gripping position 8 I (Fig~ 11) to project beyonA edge 99 of part g8 and engage the 9 ¦ pipe. When jaw 81 is retracted rightwardly (E'ig. 10), engage-lO ~ ment of portions 102 of part 98 with two shoulders 202 on body 11¦ part 75 limits rightward movement of part 98 while piston 83 and 12 ¦ jaw 81 continue to move far enough to retract gripping elements 13 ¦ 82 ri.ght~ardly beyond edge 99 of part 9S (Fig. 10), so tha-t edge 14 ¦ 99 may locate the rotating pipe string while pro-tecting gripping 15 ¦ elements 82 from contact therewith. Part 97 is attached to jaw 16 ¦ 79 by two screws 200 extending vertically through the jaw and 17 ¦ through slots 201 ~ormed in part 97 and permit-ting movement of 1~ ¦ part 97 leftwardly and rightwardly relative to the jaw. Sprinys 19 ¦ 203 bear in opposite directions against part 97 and shoulders 204 20 ¦ on body part 7~ to urge part 97 rightwardly relative to part 7~
21 ¦ and jaw 79 toward the Fig. 10 position to center the pipe during 22 ¦ drilling, but with part 97 being actuable to the retracted posi-23 ¦ tion of Fig. 11 leftwardly beyond gripping elements 80 when the 24 ¦ pipe is gripped by elements 80 and 82 of the -torque wrench. The 25 ¦ bolts 100 anA 200 may also secure bell sections 96 movably to 26 ¦ jaws 79 and 81 by extension through slots 101 and 102 in ~lange 27 ¦ portions 97a and 98a oE sections 96, to allow movement of parts 2~ ¦ 97a and 98a and their bell portions 96 in the same manner as 29 parts 97 and 98, with part 97 being urged rightwardly by springs 30 ~ corresponding to springs 203 associated wi-th part 97.
31 ¦ The torque wrench han~er 70 includes a ri~id ver-ti-32 cally ex-tending member 103 having a bifurca-ted upper connecter 1 por-tion 104 at-tachecl by a pin 105 -to a cylindrical po:rtion 106 2 of housing 41. Pin 105 extends through apertures in s-tructures 3 104 and 106 and retained against detachment from the other parts by a screw 108 extending through a tab 107 on the pin. The lower end of member 103 is connected to the piston 109 of a pis-ton and 6 cylinder mechanism 110 whose cylinder 111 has its lower end rigid-7 ly connected to member 75 of -the torque wrench. Rod 1].2 of piston 8 109 is threaded connected at 113 to a scxew 11~ whose upper large 9 diameter end is threadedly connected at 115 to a part 116 attached to member 103. Admission o~ pressurized hydraulic Eluid to the up-11 per end of cylinder 111 forces the cy~.inder upwardly to bring 12 splines 72 on par-t 71 into interfitting engagement with splines 13 68 on sub 57 and prevent rotation of sub 57 relative to part 71.
14 A tube 117 about rod 112 limits upward movement of the torque wrench, by engagement at its opposite ends wi-th cylinder 111 and 16 a flange 214 on part 114, in the Fig. 11 position in which the 17 splines interfit only partially. In that position, ~ripping ele-18 ments 80 and 82 of the lower section 73 of the -torque wrench 19 engage and (~rip the top section of the drill pipe. If tube 117 is removed (Fig. 12), mechanism 110 can move the torque wrench 21 upwardly far enough to cause splines 68 and 72 to full~ interEit 22 and position the grippin~ elements of the lower torque wrench 23 section 73 to engage section 62, so that the torque wrench can 24 make or break the connection 63 between sections 61 and 62~
A conventional elevator 118 beneath the torque wrench 26 is suspended from a carrier part 119 above the torque wrench 27 by two links 120, and may include two halves 121 and 1.22 hinqed 2~ by a pin 123 for relative pivotal movement about the vertical 29 axis of the pin between a closed posi-tion encircling a drill pipe section and an open position in which the eleva-tor can 31 be moved laterally on-to and off of the drill pipe. A latch 32 mechanism 124 releasably re-tains the two halves closed. Sections 1 121 and 122 have complc?mentary semi-circu],ar shoulders :Eo.rming 2 -toge-ther an essentially annular composi-te upwardly faCillCJ
3 shoulder 125 when -the elevator is closed, which shoulder flares 'L upwardly in correspondence with an annular undersurface 126 of a joint end of the drill pipe, to suspend the drill pipe from the 6 elevator. Loops 127 on the elevator halves are connec-ted a-t dia-7 metrically opposite locations to loops 128 of links 120, with re-~3 movable closure elements 129 extending across the outer sides of 9 loops 127 to maintain the conneetion. Loops 130 at the upper ends of the links connec t -to loops 131 on carrier part 119 closed by 11 removable straps 132.
Parts 119 and 118 are guided for vertical movement be-13¦ tween the pOSitiOIlS of Figs. 2 and D~, and res-trained agai.nst ro-~ ¦ tary movement, by two torque arresting assemblies 133 extending 15 ¦ vertically along parallel vertical axes 13~ at opposite sides of 16 ¦ axis 14. Each assembly 133 ineludes a vertieal eylinder 135 cen-17 ¦ tered about one of the axes 134 and sli.dably received within one 18 of two vertica:l. cyindrical passages 136 in part 119. Annular 19 flanges 137 on cylinders 135 limit downward movement of part 119 20 in the Fig. 2 position. A piston 138 movable vertically in each 21 eylinder has an upwardly projeeting rod 139 with a bifurcated 22- portion 140 attaehed by a pin 141 to ring portion 106 of housing 23 41. Sub 57 extends vertieally through a central passage 1~2 in 2'1 part 119, having a lower eylindrieal portion 143 within which 25 enlargement 67 on the sub is movably received and con:Eined, and 26 having a rec1ueed diameter upper eireular portion 1~ within whieh 27 the upper externally eylindrical reduced diameter por-tion 65 of 28 the top seetion of the sub is reeeived. An annular bushing 1~5 29 earried by part 119 elosely engages the sub to journal it for 30 ¦ rotation and assist in guiding part 119 for vertieal movement.
31 ¦ A downwardly facing annular inelined shoulder 1~6 in part 119 32 is cngageable Wit]l thc eorrespondingly inclined shoukler 66 on 1 the sub to suppor-t par-t 119 and the suspended eleva-tor from 2 ¦ sub 57 when the entlre weight of the drill string is supported 3 ¦ by the elevator. At other times, as when only a stand of drill 4 ¦ pipe detached from the string is suppor-ted by the elevator,

5 ¦ shoulder 146 is maintained above shoulder 66 by a series of

6 Belleville washers 147 disposed about the piston rods 139 above

7 pistons 138 within cylinders 135 yieldingly urging the cylinders

8 upwardly relative to the pis-tons to the Fig. 11 posi-tion. Part

9 119 and the elevator and drill pipe section are then suspended from the housing of power unit 30 yieldingly -through assemblies 11 133. When the drilling assembly moves downwardly to a location 12 near the rig floor, the elevator and torque wrench move progres-13 sively closer -together axially, so that both can move as close 1~ to the level o:E the rig floor as possible (see Fig. 4). This maximizes the range of vertical movement of the drilling appar-16 atus, and also enables detachment of the drilling unit from -the 17 drill string close enough to the rig floor and slips 19 to avoid 18 distortion of the string while making or breaking a connection.
19 To automatically move the elevator and torque wrench relatively toward one another, the apparatus includes a flexible cable 148 21 having parts 149 at its ends ~ith eyes 150 attachable by bolts 22 to carrier 119 at diametrically opposite loca-tions. From one of 23 the elements 149, the cable extends upwardly at 152, then about 24 a sheave 153 which is mounted to housing 41 for rotation about a horizontal axis 154, then horizontally at 155 and about a sheave 26 156 mounted to frame 47 for rotation about a normally vertical 27 axis 157, then horizontally at 158, then abou-t a sheave 159 2~ mounted to frame 47 for rotation about a normally vertical axis 29 160, then about a sheave 161 mounted to housing ~1 for rotation about a horizontal. axis 162, and finally dot~nwardly at 163 to 31 the second element 1~9.
32 When t~e drilling motor is moved downwal(lly ~eyond -the 1~

1 position of Fig. 1, portion 158 of cable 148 engages a stationary 2 part 164 which may be midway between the two tracks 28, and at-3 tached to an element 167 projecting ~rom a rigid member 165 con-nected at its ends to mer~ers 166 welded to the tracks. The central portion of the cable is received within a semicircular 6 groove 168 in part 164, and is retained -thereby aqains-t downward movement as the mo-tor and the other parts continue their down-8 ward movement, causinq the cable ends 152 and 163 to be pullecl 9 upwardly toward sheaves 153 and 161, and thus retract part 119 upwardly toward housing 41 to the Fig. 4 position, or stated ~if-11 ferently acting to halt downward advancemen-t of part 19 and the 12 elevator while the torque wrench and connected parts continue 13 their downward advancemen-t to posi-tions near the elevator.
14 Sheaves 156 and 159 may be mounted to pivot bodily about parall~l horizontal axes 169 to properly engaye the cable as the portions 16 thereof between part 164 and sheaves 156 and 159 change from hor~
17 ¦ zontal condition to more vertically extending condition. Durinq 1~ ¦ a drilling operation, while drilling fluicl is pumped down~ardly 19 ¦ -through motor driven stem 42, sub 57 and the drill string, -these 20 ¦ elements are driven rotatively by motor 44 to drill the well.
21 This apparatus is all suspended from the derrick by traveling 22 block 22 and line 24, with draw works 25 paying ou-t the line -to 23 lower the top drive assembly and string as the bi-t advances. The 24 elevator is suspended in the relative position of Fiqs. 2 and 3 251 until it nears the rig floor, at which time cable 148 contacts 26 ¦ part 164 and holds the elevator in essentially that position 27 ¦ while the other parts continue their downward movemen-t to the 2~ ¦ Fig. 4 condition. The driller then sets the slips 19 on the 29 ¦ upper portion of the upper section of the string, to suspend 30 ¦ -the string by the slips.
31 ¦ The circulation of drilling fluid is halted, and sub 57 32 is cletached from the strin~ by actuating controls at console 45

-10-1 to first apply pressure fluicl to piston and cylinder mechanism 2~ 110 in a manner raising the torque wrench 69 -to the posl-tion of 31 Fig. 11, bringing splines 72 and 6~ into interfitting engagement, ~1¦ and -then supplying pressure fluid -to cylinder chamber 85 causing 51 the lower section of the torque wrench to grip the top section of 6~ the drill string. Pressure fluid is then supplied to piston and ~¦ cylinder mechanism 37 to turn section 71 of the torque wrench 8~ relative to its lower section 73, forcibly unscrewing the string ~¦ and sub 57 from their tightly engagec7 condition. After the 10~ threaded connection has thus been broken, -the pressure fluid to

11 the various portions of the torque wrench and its elevating pis-~21 ton and cylinder mechanism 110 is released to lower the -torque 13¦ wrench out of engagement with splined 68 and release the gripping 1~ ¦ engagement oE the lower section of -the tor~ue wrench with -the -top 15 ¦ sec-tion of the pipe string. Motor ~4 is then energized to spin 16 ¦ sub 57 rapidly in a direction unscrewing -tha-t sub from -the 17 ¦ string. With the elevator open, the top drive drilling assembly 1~ is then raised by the draw works and hoisting mechanism from the 19 position of Fig. 13A through the full line position of Fig. 13B to 1 20 the elevated broken line position of that figure above -the upper 21 end 160 of a stand of pipe 13a in a rac~ 161 in the side of the 22 derrick. The elevator is then swung over to a position about the 23 upper portion of stand 13a just beneath i-ts enlarged upper join-t 2~ end, and is closed about the s-tand, after which the draw works are actuated to pull the elevator ancl related parts upwardly lift 26 ing the stand 13a by the elevator and allowing it to swing to a 27 position directly above the upper end of the drill string. The 2~ apparatus is then lowered to stab the bot-tom end of the suspend-29 ed stand into the upper end of -the string at floor level (Fig.
~0 13C), after which the top drive drilling assembly and pipe hand-3~

1 lng rechanism are lowere~ as represented in r~lg. ]3D untll sub 21 57 has its threads 59 received within the upper box end of stand 31 13a. Motor 44 is energized to rotate sub 57 rapid]y, spinning it into the upper end of stand 13a and then spinning the lo~7er 51 box end of stand 13a into the drill string, with this ro-tation 61 developing sufficient torque to make up the connec-tions at both 7~ ends of stand 13a to a properly torqued condition. The top drive ~¦ assembly is then raised slightly to allow removal of slips 19, 9¦ freeing the string for powered rotation by the top drive unit to 10¦ continue drilling.
11¦ A stand is removed by a reverse process (~igs. 14A-14C).

12 The top drive apparatus may first be elevated by the traveling

13¦ block while maintaining circulation and rotation to ream out of

14~ the hole. When the apparatus reaches the Fig. l~A position, in

15 ¦ which the lower end of the stand to be removed is jus-t above floor

16 ¦ level, slips 19 are set to suspend the string just belo~7 that

17 ¦ stand, after which that stand is broken out from the string by

18 ¦ tongs or other equipmen-t and then spun out. The connection be-

19 ¦ tween the stand to be removed and sub 57 is then broken utiliz-

20 ¦ ing torque wrench 69, by first elevating the wrench as discussed

21 ¦ and then actuating it to grip the upper end of the stand to be

22 I removed and then relatively rotate sections 71 and 73 o~ the

23 ¦ torque wrench to apply -torque in a diree-tion unscrewing sub 57 2~ ¦ from the stand. The sub 57 is then spun out from the stand by ~5 ¦ rapidly rotating it utilizing motor ~4 Elevator 118 is closed 26 ¦ about the stand beneath its upper enlarged joint end, and sub 57 27 ¦ is then spun out from the stand.by energizing the motor to rapid~
2~ ¦ ly rotate the sub, leaving the stand suspended by the elevator 29 ¦ (Fig. 14B). The draw works are actuated -to raise the -top drive drilling equipment causing -the elevator to hoist -the free s-tand 31 ~rom the drill string, with the stand then being s~7ung to the 32 g. 14C position eor storage in the raclc. The elevator ls un-'11 1 latched and removed from -the stand, and the apparatus is then 2~ lowered to stab the sub 57 into the next section of the drill 3 strin~, with the sub being spun into that section by motor 44 4 Witil enough torque for elevation of the string high enough to remove the next successive stand, etc.
6 It it is desired to remove section 62 of sub 57 from 7 the upper section 61l to allow replacement of section 62 if its 8 threads 29 become worn, stop sleeve 117 is removed from its 9 no:rmal position about piston rod 112. To enable such removal, the sleeve may be slotted along its axi.s and retained by bolts 11 to cylinder 110. With -tube 117 removed, the piston and cylinder 2 mechanism 110 can be actuated to pull the torque wrench upwardly 13 to -the Fig. 12 position, in which splines 72 are fully engaged 14 with splines 68. The gripping elements of jaws 79 and 100 are then forced against section 62 of sub 57 by piston 83, to grip and 16 hold section 62 against rota-tion while part 71 is turned by pis-17 ton and cylinder mechanism 87 to rotate section 61 relative to 18 section 62 in an unscrewing direction for removal of section 62 19 from section 61. The parts can be reconnecte~ by reverse ac-tua-tion of the parts~

22 ~,'

24 -].3 Il

Claims

The embodiments of the invention, in which an ex-clusive property or privilege is claimed, are defined as follows:

1. Well drilling apparatus comprising:
a top drive assembly to be received at the upper end of a drill string and which is movable upwardly and downwardly with the string;
said assembly including an element to be connected to the upper end of the string for rotation therewith and motor means for power rotating said element and the connected string;
a powered torque wrench at the lower end of said assembly operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator at the lower end of said assembly adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a loca-tion beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator;
connecting means attaching said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspen-ding said torque wrench and said elevator and a section of the drill string carried by the elevator from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means being constructed to enable movement of said torque wrench and elevator vertically relative to one another.

2. Well drilling apparatus comprising:
a top drive assembly to be received at the upper end of a drill string and which is movable upwardly and downwardly with the string;
said assembly including an element to be connected to the upper end of the string for rotation therewith and motor means for power rotating said element and the connected string;

a powered torque wrench at the lower end of said assembly operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator at the lower end of said assembly adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator; and connecting means attaching said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation sus-pending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means including means for actuating said torque wrench upwardly and downwardly relative to said element between an active position in which portions of said torque wrench and said element interfit to retain said element against rotation relative to said portion of the torque wrench and a released position permitting such rotation.

3. Well drilling apparatus comprising:
a top drive assembly to be received at the upper end of a drill string and which is movable upwardly and down-wardly with the string and includes a tubular element to be connected to the upper end of the string for rotation therewith, a housing retained against rotation with said element, and motor means for power rotating said element and a connected string relative to said housing;
a powered torque wrench beneath said housing and including two sections for applying torque in opposite directions to said rotary element and an upper section of the drill string respectively and power means for relatively turning said two sections of the torque wrench to break a threaded connection between said rotary element and the drill string;
a mounting structure connected to said housing and retained thereby against rotation and projecting downwardly therefrom and carrying said torque wrench while maintaining it against rotation with said rotary element;
said last mentioned structure including a piston and cylinder mechanism for actuating said torque wrench upwardly and downwardly relative to said housing;
said element and one of said sections of the torque wrench having splines movable between interfitting and non-interfitting positions by said upward and downward movement of the torque wrench;
the other section of said torque wrench having gripping means actuable into and out of gripping engagement with an upper section of the drill string;
said element having an upwardly facing shoulder structure;
a carrier part disposed about said element above said shoulder structure and movable between a lower position of support by said shoulder structure, a second higher position, and a third still higher position near said housing;
torque arrester structures connected at their upper ends to said housing and projecting downwardly there from through passages in said carrier part in a relation retaining the carrier part against rotation with said element and guiding the carrier part for upward and downward movement between said three positions thereof;
said torque arrester structures containing springs yieldingly urging said carrier part upwardly from said lower first position to said second position;
suspension links connected to said carrier part and extending downwardly therefrom past said torque wrench; and an elevator suspended by said links beneath the torque wrench and movable upwardly and downwardly with the carrier part.

4. Well drilling apparatus as recited in claim 3, including an elongated flexible member connected at opposite ends thereof to said carrier part and extending upwardly therefrom and having an actuating portion, and a structure engageable by said actuating portion of said elongated flexible member when said top drive assembly and said torque wrench are lowered to a predetermined position and acting to prevent further downward movement of said actuating portion of the elongaged member in a relation causing it to exert upward force on said carrier part and retract the carrier part and elevator upwardly relative to said housing to said third position of the carrier part.

5. A well pipe handler for use with a top drive well drilling assembly which is movable upwardly and downwardly with and drives a drill string and which includes a non-rotating body structure carrying motor means for turning the string, said pipe handler comprising:
an element adapted to be driven rotatively by said motor means and to be connected to the upper end of the string to transmit rotation thereto;
a powered torque wrench operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator, connecting means adapted to attach said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for move-ment upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said torque wrench and said elevator and a section of the drill string carried by the elevator from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means being constructed to enable movement of said torque wrench and elevator vertically relative to one another.

6. A pipe handler for use with a top drive well drilling assembly which is movable upwardly and downwardly with and drives a drill string and includes a non-rotating body structure carrying motor means driving a rotary stem for turning the drill string, said pipe handler comprising:
an element adapted to be connected to the upper end of the drill string and turn it and adapted to be connected to and be driven by said stem of the top drive assembly;
a powered torque wrench operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator; and connecting means attaching said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement up-wardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means including means for actuating said torque wrench upwardly and downwardly relative to said element between an active position in which portions of said torque wrench and said element interfit to retain said element against rotation relative to said portion of the torque wrench and a released position permitting such rotation.

7. Well drilling apparatus comprising a top drive assembly to be received at the upper end of a drill string and which is movable upwardly and downwardly with the string and includes a tubular element to be connected to the upper end of the string for rotation therewith, a housing retained against rotation with said element, and motor means for power rotating said element and a connected string relative to said housing;
a powered torque wrench beneath said housing and including two sections for applying torque in opposite direc-tions to said rotary element and an upper section of the drill string respectively and power means for relatively turning said two sections of the torque wrench to break a threaded connection between said rotary element and the drill string;
a mounting structure connected to said housing and retained thereby against rotation and projecting downwardly therefrom and carrying said torque wrench while maintaining it against rotation with said rotary element;
said last mentioned structure including a piston and cylinder mechanism for actuating said torque wrench upwardly and downwardly relative to said housing;
said element and one of said sections of the torque wrench having splines movable between interfitting and non-interfitting positions by said upward and downward movement of the torque wrench;
the other section of said torque wrench having gripping means actuable into and out of gripping engagement with an upper section of the drill string;
said element having an upwardly facing shoulder structure;
a carrier part disposed about said element above said shoulder structure and movable between a lower position of support by said shoulder structure, a second higher position, and a third still higher position near said housing;
torque arrester structures connected at their upper ends to said housing and projecting downwardly therefrom through passages in said carrier part in a relation retaining the carrier part against rotation with said element and guiding the carrier part for upward and downward movement between said three positions thereof;
said torque arrester structures containing springs yieldingly urging said carrier part upwardly from said lower first position to said second position;
suspension links connected to said carrier part and extending downwardly therefrom past said torque wrench;
an elevator suspended by said links beneath the torque wrench and movable upwardly and downwardly with the carrier part;
an elongated flexible member connected at opposite ends thereof to said carrier part and extending upwardly therefrom and having an actuating protion; and a structure engageable by said actuating portion of said elongated flexible member when said top drive assembly and said torque wrench are lowered to a predetermined posi-tion and acting to block further downward movement of said actuating portion of the elongated element in a relation causing it to exert upward force on said carrier part and retract the carrier part and elevator upwardly relative to said housing to said third position of the carrier part.

8. Well drilling apparatus comprising:
a top drive assembly to be received at the upper end of a drill string and which is movable upwardly and down-wardly with the string;
said assembly including an element to be connected to the upper end of the string for rotation therewith and motor means for power rotating said element and the connected string to drill a well;
a powered torque wrench at the lower end of said assembly operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;

an elevator at the lower end of said assembly adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator; and connecting means attaching said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means being constructed to retain said torque wrench against rotation with said element and the drill string as said element and string are rotated by said motor means to drill a well;
said torque wrench and said element having portions which are relatively movable between active positions inter-fitting to prevent relative rotation between a section of the torque wrench and said element and inactive positions freeing said element for powered rotation relative to the torque wrench during drilling.

9. Well drilling apparatus comprising:
a top drive assembly to be received at the upper end of a drill string and which is movable upwardly and downwardly with the string;
said assembly including an element to be connected to the upper end of the string for rotation therewith and motor means for power rotating said element and the connected string to drill a well;
a powered torque wrench at the lower end of said assembly operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator at the lower end of said assembly adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator; and connecting means attaching said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means being constructed to retain said torque wrench against rotation with said element and the drill string as said element and string are rotated by said motor means to drill a well;
said element having a splined portion, and said torque wrench including a splined portion movable axially relative to said element between a position of interfitting engagement with said splined portion of said element to prevent ro-tation of said element relative to the torque wrench and a retracted position in which said two splined portions are not in interfitting relation and permit rotation of said element relative to the torque wrench during drilling.

10. Well drilling apparatus comprising:
a top drive assembly to be received at the upper end of a drill string and which is movable upwardly and downwardly with the string;
said assembly including an element to be connected to the upper end of the string for rotation therewith and motor means for power rotating said element and the connec-ted string to drill a well;
a powered torque wrench at the lower end of said assembly operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator at the lower end of said assembly adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator; and connecting means attaching said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means being constructed to retain said torque wrench against rotation with said element and the drill string as said element and string are rotated by said motor means to drill a well;
said element having a splined portion, and said torque wrench having a first section with a splined portion movable into and out of interfitting relation with res-pect to said splined portion of said element, a second section adapted to grip the drill string and powered means for turning said sections relative to one another;
said connecting means including a power unit for actuating said torque wrench upwardly and downwardly between an active position in which said splined portions are in interfitting engagement to prevent rotation of said element relative to said first section of the torque wrench and an inactive position moving said splined portions out of engage-ment to permit rotation of said element during drilling of a well.

11. Well drilling apparatus comprising:
a top drive assembly to be received at the upper end of a drill string and which is movable upwardly and downwardly with the string;
said assembly including an element to be connected to the upper end of the string for rotation therewith and motor means for power rotating said element and the connec-ted string;
a powered torque wrench at the lower end of said assembly operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator at the lower end of said assembly adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator;
connecting means attaching said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation sus-pending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means being constructed to retain said elevator against rotation with said element and a drill string connected thereto as said element and drill string are power rotated by said motor means to drill a well;
said connecting means mounting said elevator for upward and downward movement relative to said torque wrench;
an elongated flexible element connected to said elevator; and a stop member positioned to automatically actuate said elongaged element for pulling said elevator upwardly relative to and toward said torque wrench upon movement of said top drive assembly and torque wrench downwardly to a predetermined position.

12. Well drilling apparatus comprising.
a top drive assembly to be received at the upper end of a drill string and which is movable upwardly and downwardly with the string;
said assembly including an element to be connected to the upper end of the string for rotation therewith and motor means for power rotating said element and the connected string;
a powered torque wrench at the lower end of said assembly operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;

an elevator at the lower end of said assembly adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator; and connecting means attaching said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means being constructed to retain said elevator against rotation with said element and a drill string connected thereto as said element and drill string are power rotated by said motor means to drill a well;
said connecting means mounting said elevator for movement upwardly and downwardly relative to said torque wrench and said top drive assembly between a lower position in which the elevator is suspended by an enlargement on said rotary element, a second and higher position in which said element is rotatable relative to the elevator, and an upper retracted position higher than said second position;
said connecting means including means yieldingly urging said elevator upwardly from said first position to said second position.

13. Well drilling apparatus comprising:
a top drive assembly to be received at the upper end of a drill string and which is movable upwardly and downwardly with the string;
said assembly including an element to be connected to the upper end of the string for rotation *herewith and motor means for power rotating said element and the connected string;
a powered torque wrench at the lower end of said assembly operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;

an elevator at the lower end of said assembly adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator; and connecting means attaching said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means being constructed to retain said elevator against rotation with said element and a drill string connected thereto as said element and drill string are power rotated by said motor means to drill a well;
said connecting means including a support shoulder structure carried by said element, a carrier part disposed about said element above said shoulder structure and from which said elevator is suspended and which is movable upwardly and downwardly between a lower position of support by said shoulder structure and an upper position in which said elevator is retracted upwardly relative to and toward said torque wrench.

14. Well drilling apparatus as recited in claim 13, in which said connecting means include torque arrester means extending downwardly from said top drive assembly and slidably received within aperture means in said carrier part to guide the carrier part for upward and downward movement while pre-venting rotation thereof.

15. Well drilling apparatus comprising:
a top drive assembly to be received at the upper end of a drill string and which is movable upwardly and down-wardly with the string;

said assembly including an element to be connected to the upper end of the string for rotation therewith and motor means for power rotating said element and the connec-ted string;
a powered torque wrench at the lower end of said assembly operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator at the lower end of said assembly adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator; and connecting means attaching said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means being constructed to retain said elevator against rotation with said element and a drill string connected thereto as said element and drill string are power rotated by said motor means to drill a well;
said connecting means including a support shoulder structure carried by said element, a carrier part disposed about said element above said shoulder structure and from which said elevator is suspended and which is movable upwardly and downwardly relative to said element;
said top drive assembly having a non-rotating section;
said connecting means including torque arrester structures projecting downwardly from said non-rotating section of the top drive assembly and retained thereby against rotation and projecting through guideways in said carrier part in a relation guiding said carrier part for up-ward and downward movement relative to said element between a lower position of support by said shoulder structure, a higher position spaced above the shoulder structure, and a still higher third position in which said elevator is retracted upwardly toward said torque wrench, said torque arrester structures including springs yieldingly urging said carrier part upwardly to said second position.

16. Well drilling apparatus comprising:
a top drive assembly to be received at the upper end of a drill string and which is movable upwardly and downwardly with the string;
said assembly including an element to be connected to the upper end of the string for rotation therewith and motor means for power rotating said element and the connected string;
a powered torque wrench at the lower end of said assembly operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator at the lower end of said assembly adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for move-ment by the elevator;
connecting means attaching said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly; and means automatically responsive to movement of said top drive drilling assembly and torque wrench to a predeter-mined lower position to retract said elevator upwardly relative to and toward the torque wrench.

17. Well drilling apparatus as recited in claim 16, in which said last mentioned means include an elongated flexible member movable upwardly and downwardly with said top drive assembly and operable to pull said elevator upwardly relative to the top drive assembly, and a structure engageable by a portion of said elonggated flexible member when the top drive assembly is lowered to a predetermined position and acting to block further downward movement of said portion of said flexible member in a relation causing the latter to retract the elevator upwardly relative to and toward said torque wrench.

18. A well pipe handler for use with a top drive well drilling assembly which is movable upwardly and down-wardly with and drives a drill string and which includes a non-rotating body structure carrying motor means for turning the string, said pipe handler comprising:
an element adapted to be driven rotatively by said motor means and to be connected to the upper end of the string to transmit rotation thereto;
a powered torque wrench operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator; and connecting means adapted to attach said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for move-ment upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation sus-pending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means being contructed to retain said torque wrench against rotation with said element and the drill string as said element and string are rotated by said motor means to drill a well;
said torque wrench and said element having portions which are relatively movable between active positions inter-fitting to prevent relative rotation between a section of the torque wrench and said element and inactive positions freeing said element for powered rotation relative to the torque wrench during drilling.

19. A well pipe handler for use with a top drive well drilling assembly which is movable upwardly and downwardly with and drives a drill string and which includes a non-rotating body structure carrying motor means for turning the string, said pipe handler comprising:
an element adapted to be driven rotatively by said motor means and to be connected to the upper end of the string to transmit rotation thereto;
a powered torque wrench operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator; and connecting means adapted to attach said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for move-ment upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means being constructed to retain said torque wrench against rotation with said element and the drill string as said element and string are rotated by said motor means to drill a well;
said element having a splined portion, and said torque wrench having a first section with a splined portion movable into and out of interfitting relation with respect to said splined portion of said element, a second section adapted to grip the drill string, and powered means for turning said sections relative to on another;
said connecting means including a power unit for actuating said torque wrench upwardly and downwardly between an active position in which said splined portions are in inter-fitting engagement to prevent rotation of said element relative to said first section of the torque wrench and an inactive position moving said splined portions out of engagement to permit rotation of said element during drilling of a well.

20. A well pipe handler for use with a top drive well drilling assembly which is movable upwardly and downwardly with and drives a drill string and which includes a non-rotating body structure carrying motor means for turning the string, said pipe handler comprising:
an element adapted to be driven rotatively by said motor means and to be connected to the upper end of the string to transmit rotation thereto;
a powered torque wrench operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator; and connecting means adapted to attach said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for move-ment upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means being constructed to retain said elevator against rotation with said element and a drill string connected thereto as said element and drill string are power rotated by said motor means to drill a well;
said connecting means mounting said elevator for movement upwardly and downwardly relative to said torque wrench and said top drive assembly between a lower position in which the elevator is suspended by a shoulder on said rotary element, a second and higher position in which said element is rotatable relative to the elevator, and an upper retracted position higher than said second position, said connecting means including means yieldingly urging said elevator upwardly from said first position to said second position.

21. A well pipe handler for use with a top drive well drilling assembly which is movable upwardly and downwardly with and drives a drill string and which includes a non-rotating body structure carrying motor means for furning the string, said pipe handler comprising.
an element adapted to be driven rotatively by said motor means and to be connected to the upper end of the string to transmit rotation thereto;
a powered torque wrench operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator; and connecting means adapted to attach said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means being constructed to retain said elevator against rotation with said element and a drill string connected thereto as said element and drill string are power rotated by said motor means to drill a well;
said connecting means including a support shoulder structure carried by said element, and a carrier part disposed about said element above said shoulder structure and from which said elevator is suspended and which is movable upwardly and downwardly between a lower position of support by said shoulder structure and an upper position in which said elevator is retracted upwardly relative to and toward said torque wrench.

22. A well pipe handler as recited in claim 21, in which said connecting means include torque arrester means extending downwardly from said top drive assembly and slidably received within aperture means in said carrier part to guide the carrier part for upward and downward movement while preventing rotation thereof.

23. A well pipe handler as recited in claim 21, in which said connecting means include torque arrester means projecting downwardly from said non-rotating body structure of the top drive assembly through aperture means in said carrier part and slidably guiding the carrier part for upward and downward movement between said two positions, and yielding means urging said carrier part upwardly to an intermediate third position.

24. A well pipe handler for use with a top drive well drilling assembly which is movable upwardly and downwardly with and drives a drill string and which includes a non-rotating body structure carrying motor means for turning the string, said pipe handler comprising:
an element adapted to be driven rotatively by said motor means and to be connected to the upper end of the string to transmit rotation thereto;
a powered torque wrench operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator;
connecting means adapted to attach said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for move-ment upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means being constructed to enable downward movement of said torque wrench relative to and toward said elevator to bring the torque wrench and elevator closer vertically together in lower positions thereof;
an elongated flexible member movable upwardly and downwardly with said top drive assembly and operable to pull said elevator upwardly relative to the top drive assembly; and a structure engageable by a portion of said elongated flexible member when the top drive assembly is lowered to a predetermined position and acting to block further downward movement of said portion of said flexible member in a relation causing the latter to retract the elevator upwardly relative to and toward said torque wrench.

25. Well drilling apparatus comprising:
a top drive assembly to be received at the upper end of a drill string and which is movable upwardly and downwardly with the string;
said assembly including an element to be connected to the upper end of the string for rotation therewith, a body which does not turn with said element, and motor means for power rotating said element and the connected string relative to said body;
a powered torque wrench at the lower end of said assembly operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator at the lower end of said assembly and beneath said torque wrench and adapted to engage a section of said drill string beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator; and connecting means attaching said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means including a structure which is attached to said body of the top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and which is retained by said body against rotation with said element and which extends down-wardly past said torque wrench to said elevator and retains the elevator against rotation.

26. Well drilling apparatus as recited in claim 25, in which said structure includes a part received about said element above the torque wrench and which is retained against rotation with said element, and link means suspended by said part and extending downwardly past said torque wrench and suspending the elevator therebeneath.

27. Well drilling apparatus as recited in claim 25, in which said structure which retains said elevator against rotation is constructed to permit upward and downward movement of said elevator relative to said body of the top drive assembly.

28. Well drilling apparatus as recited in claim 25, in which said structure includes a part received at the outside of said element above the torque wrench and movable upwardly and downwardly relative thereto, link means suspended by said part and extending downwardly past the torque wrench and suspending the elevator therebeneath, and torque arrester means connected to said body of the top drive assembly and retaining said part against rotation with said element.

29. Well drilling apparatus as recited in claim 28, in which said part and said element have portions coacting to support said part and said link means and said elevator and a drill string carried thereby from said element in one position of said part.

30. Well drilling apparatus as recited in claim 25, in which said structure has a portion adapted to suspend said elevator from said element which is driven rotatably by said motor means when said element is not rotating but constructed to permit rotation of said element and a connected string relative to the elevator during drilling of a well.

31. Well drilling apparatus as recited in claim 25, in which said structure permits movement of said torque wrench and elevator vertically relative to one another while retaining the elevator against rotation.

32. Well drilling apparatus as recited in claim 25, including means for automatically retracting said elevator upwardly relative to and toward said torque wrench in response to movement of said top drive assembly and carried torque wrench downwardly to a predetermined position.

33. A well pipe handler for use with a top drive well drilling assembly which is movable upwardly and downwardly with and drives a drill string and which includes a non-rotating body structure carrying motor means for turning the string, said pipe handler comprising:
an element adapted to be driven rotatively by said motor means and to be connected to the upper end of the string to transmit rotation thereto;
a powered torque wrench operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;
an elevator adapted to engage a section of said drill string at a location beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator;
connecting means adapted to attach said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly; and means automatically responsive to movement of said top drive drilling assembly and torque wrench to a predetermined lower position to retract said elevator upwardly relative to and toward the torque wrench.

34. A well pipe handler for use with a top drive well drilling assembly which is movable upwardly and downwardly with and drives a drill string and which includes motor means for turning the string, and a body which does not rotate with the string, said pipe handler comprising:
an element adapted to be driven rotatively by said motor means relative to said body and to be connected to the upper end of the string to transmit rotation thereto;
a powered torque wrench operable to apply torque in opposite directions to said string and said element;

an elevator beneath said torque wrench and adapted to engage a section of said drill string beneath the torque wrench and suspend said section for movement by the elevator;
and connecting means adapted to attach said torque wrench and said elevator to said top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and in a relation suspending said elevator and a section of the drill string carried thereby from said top drive assembly;
said connecting means including a structure which is adapted to he attached to said body of the top drive assembly for movement upwardly and downwardly therewith and to be retained by said body against rotation with said element and which extends downwardly past said torque wrench to said elevator and retains the elevator against rotation.

35. A well pipe handler as recited in claim 34, in which said structure includes a part received about said element above the torque wrench and which is retained against rotation with said element, and link means suspended by said part and extending downwardly past said torque wrench and suspending the elevator therebeneath.

36. A well pipe handler as recited in claim 34, in which said structure which retains said elevator against rotation is constructed to permit upward and downward movement of said elevator relative to said body of the top drive assembly.

37. A well pipe handler as recited in claim 34, in which said structure includes a part received at the outside of said element above the torque wrench and movable upwardly and downwardly relative thereto, link means suspended by said part and extending downwardly past the torque wrench and sus-pending the elevator therebeneath, and torque arrester means adapted to be connected to said body of the top drive assembly and retaining said part against rotation with said element.

38. A well pipe handler as recited in claim 37, in which said part and said element have portions coacting to support said part and said link means and said elevator and a drill string carried thereby from said element in one posi-tion of said part.

39. A well pipe handler as recited in claim 34, in which said structure has a portion adapted to suspend said elevator from said element which is driven rotatably by said motor means when said element is not rotating but to permit rotation of said element and a connected string relative to the elevator during drilling of a well.

40. A well pipe handler as recited in claim 34, in which said structure permits movement of said torque wrench and elevator vertically relative to one another while retaining the elevator against rotation.