CA1216735A - Microtitration plate - Google Patents
Microtitration plateInfo
- Publication number
- CA1216735A CA1216735A CA000426053A CA426053A CA1216735A CA 1216735 A CA1216735 A CA 1216735A CA 000426053 A CA000426053 A CA 000426053A CA 426053 A CA426053 A CA 426053A CA 1216735 A CA1216735 A CA 1216735A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- edge
- plate
- central part
- microtitration plate
- ridges
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/508—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above
- B01L3/5085—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates
- B01L3/50851—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates specially adapted for heating or cooling samples
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/807—Apparatus included in process claim, e.g. physical support structures
- Y10S436/809—Multifield plates or multicontainer arrays
Abstract
Abstract of the disclosure:
A microtitration plate is described wherein the edge and the central part are separated from one another via a continuous break and ridges are arranged at the lower face of the plate so that differences in temperature on heating between the edge vessels and vessels in the central part are avoided, said differences in temperature causing the well known "edge-effect".
A microtitration plate is described wherein the edge and the central part are separated from one another via a continuous break and ridges are arranged at the lower face of the plate so that differences in temperature on heating between the edge vessels and vessels in the central part are avoided, said differences in temperature causing the well known "edge-effect".
Description
~2~
- 2 - I~OE 82/B 007 The present inven-tion relates to a microtitration plate wherein the edge and the central part are heatcd uniformly when said plate is placed into an inc:ubal-or having a hig}ler temperature than the plate so that a tem-perature gradient between reaction solutions in the edgewe]ls and wells in tne central part does not occur. The properties of said pla-te are, consequently, such that the so-called edge effect of conven-tional plates is avoided.
This edge effect is known to be a source of errors in the Enzyme Linked In~uno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) ~/hen the latter is carried out using microtitration plates (Denmark and Chessum, Med. Lab. Sci. (1978), 35, 227).
An erroneous test result is obtained which is to be seen in the fact that the color intensity in the edge wel]s of the microtitration plates used is increased, although a nearly identical extinction value in all wells was to be expected, based on the test arrangement employed.
This ~ypical inclease of tl~e color in~eilsi~y sl-lould not be confounded Wit}l individual deviations, the so-called outliers which seem to be distributed at randomacross the microtitration plate. This increase is caused by errors in the test performance, a nonhomoc3enous plate coating or a low quality of the plate material used.
The edge effect, on the contrary, is caused by a temperature gradient between the edge wells and the resi-dual wells of tne micro~itration plate during the immuno-logic reaction and the enzyme reaction of the ELISA (Burt et al., J. Immunol. Meth. (1979) 31, 231).
In the case of a ternperature rise by up to 1.6~C in the edge wells, temperature-depenc~ent steps such as the antigen-antibody binding or an enzyme reaction proceed more ~uickly in said wells than in the residual~ wells of the plate. This is demonstrated by a greater color inten-sity of said wells in the ~LISA.
The ~emperature gradient between the edge wells and thos-- in the central part is caused by more rapid heatir.g of the plate edge. This heating may occur when thc plate is `~
l-~ ~?/B 0~7 placed on a support having a good heat conduction, for example the me-tal bottom of an incubator as ~ell as due to the heat insulation of tne central part of the plate by the air cushion below. The higher the incubation tem-perature and the shorter the incubation times, the morepronounced is generally said edge effect. Said edye effect may be reduced by superposing the plates and can be eliminated by floating the pla-tes bubble-free in a warm water bath or by using appropriate heating fans.
~Iowever, both of the latter possibilities are either difficult to perform or involve much expenditure from the technical point of view (Oliver et al., J. ImmunolO Meth.
~1981~ 42, 195~.
It was an object of the present invention to provide a microtitration plate, that means a device consisting subs-tantially of a plate support provided with several vessels which ensures a uniform chanye in -temperature in time of the contents of all vessels, when placed into a surrounding having a higher temperature than the plate.
~t has now been found surprisingly that a temperature gradient between the edge and the central par-t of a micro titration plate on heating is avoided, if the plate material is shaped in adequate manner.
Subject of the present invention is a substantial improvement of a conventional microtitration platc con-sistin~ in changing the shape of said microtitration plate in a manner such that the capability of the edge wells of being hea-ted is greatly reduced by means of the plate edges and that the capability of the resldual pla-te wells
This edge effect is known to be a source of errors in the Enzyme Linked In~uno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) ~/hen the latter is carried out using microtitration plates (Denmark and Chessum, Med. Lab. Sci. (1978), 35, 227).
An erroneous test result is obtained which is to be seen in the fact that the color intensity in the edge wel]s of the microtitration plates used is increased, although a nearly identical extinction value in all wells was to be expected, based on the test arrangement employed.
This ~ypical inclease of tl~e color in~eilsi~y sl-lould not be confounded Wit}l individual deviations, the so-called outliers which seem to be distributed at randomacross the microtitration plate. This increase is caused by errors in the test performance, a nonhomoc3enous plate coating or a low quality of the plate material used.
The edge effect, on the contrary, is caused by a temperature gradient between the edge wells and the resi-dual wells of tne micro~itration plate during the immuno-logic reaction and the enzyme reaction of the ELISA (Burt et al., J. Immunol. Meth. (1979) 31, 231).
In the case of a ternperature rise by up to 1.6~C in the edge wells, temperature-depenc~ent steps such as the antigen-antibody binding or an enzyme reaction proceed more ~uickly in said wells than in the residual~ wells of the plate. This is demonstrated by a greater color inten-sity of said wells in the ~LISA.
The ~emperature gradient between the edge wells and thos-- in the central part is caused by more rapid heatir.g of the plate edge. This heating may occur when thc plate is `~
l-~ ~?/B 0~7 placed on a support having a good heat conduction, for example the me-tal bottom of an incubator as ~ell as due to the heat insulation of tne central part of the plate by the air cushion below. The higher the incubation tem-perature and the shorter the incubation times, the morepronounced is generally said edge effect. Said edye effect may be reduced by superposing the plates and can be eliminated by floating the pla-tes bubble-free in a warm water bath or by using appropriate heating fans.
~Iowever, both of the latter possibilities are either difficult to perform or involve much expenditure from the technical point of view (Oliver et al., J. ImmunolO Meth.
~1981~ 42, 195~.
It was an object of the present invention to provide a microtitration plate, that means a device consisting subs-tantially of a plate support provided with several vessels which ensures a uniform chanye in -temperature in time of the contents of all vessels, when placed into a surrounding having a higher temperature than the plate.
~t has now been found surprisingly that a temperature gradient between the edge and the central par-t of a micro titration plate on heating is avoided, if the plate material is shaped in adequate manner.
Subject of the present invention is a substantial improvement of a conventional microtitration platc con-sistin~ in changing the shape of said microtitration plate in a manner such that the capability of the edge wells of being hea-ted is greatly reduced by means of the plate edges and that the capability of the resldual pla-te wells
3~ o-f being heated is increasedO Both effects coact in a manner such that the edge e-ffect is suppressed.
This is achieved according to the invention by the following shape modifications of a conventional micro-titration plate illustrated in the accompanying drawings and in the descriptions referring there-to, and by similar shape modifications.
~z~
~ ~ ~ HOE ~2/~ 007 In the drawings Figure 1 i.s a top view of a plate according to the invention ~igure 2 is a view from belo~
of saic~ plate Figure 3 is a side view of said plate and Fi.gure 4 represen~s a section o~ Fi~ure 1 alolg the line IV - IV:
a) The upper plate edge (2) of the microtitrat:ion plate is separated from the main part o:~ the plate (1) excepting some connection points (3) formed by the tapered ends of ridges ~3) in a manner such that a continuous break is obtained.
b) The ridges (5) arranged vertically to the surface of the plate are optionally cons-tructed as high as possi~le without impairing the suitability ~or superposition of several of these plates. The ridges may be positioned between the first and the second the third and the fourth the fifth and the six-th the seven-th and the eighth the nineth and the tenth and between the eleventh and the twelfth row of the vessels (8) as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. Alternatively the ridges (5) may be arranged vertically to the rows of vessels between the rows A to H.
c) Recesses (~) preferably smallindentations are provided at the support edge of the lower plate edye ~7) in a manner such that they face each other in the inter-spaces between the ridges (5).Action and improvements By the break (~) the heat transfer o~ the rapidly heating plate edge to the edge vessels is strongly rcduced.
Moreover when applying the measures a b and c the air 30. cushion ~elow each plate is decreased rapidly in the case o~ superposed plates (fall shaft principle for the colder air). Thus the isolated large area ri.dges can heat more rapidly.
When applying measure b) the heated ridges transfer the heat uniformly to the vessels adjacent in each case heating via the ridges proceeding more rapidl.y than via the connection points wi-th the pla~e edge. The residual O
influence of tne plate edge is neutralized Aue to the fact that the r.idges are tapered towards the plate edge.
Said edge efiect is cancelled by the sum of the above-mentioned measures.
The microtitration plate according io the invention is stable to distorti.on, appropriate for automation, superposable and capable of bein~ lab~lleA.
It is particularly suitable for use in lncubators.
This is achieved according to the invention by the following shape modifications of a conventional micro-titration plate illustrated in the accompanying drawings and in the descriptions referring there-to, and by similar shape modifications.
~z~
~ ~ ~ HOE ~2/~ 007 In the drawings Figure 1 i.s a top view of a plate according to the invention ~igure 2 is a view from belo~
of saic~ plate Figure 3 is a side view of said plate and Fi.gure 4 represen~s a section o~ Fi~ure 1 alolg the line IV - IV:
a) The upper plate edge (2) of the microtitrat:ion plate is separated from the main part o:~ the plate (1) excepting some connection points (3) formed by the tapered ends of ridges ~3) in a manner such that a continuous break is obtained.
b) The ridges (5) arranged vertically to the surface of the plate are optionally cons-tructed as high as possi~le without impairing the suitability ~or superposition of several of these plates. The ridges may be positioned between the first and the second the third and the fourth the fifth and the six-th the seven-th and the eighth the nineth and the tenth and between the eleventh and the twelfth row of the vessels (8) as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. Alternatively the ridges (5) may be arranged vertically to the rows of vessels between the rows A to H.
c) Recesses (~) preferably smallindentations are provided at the support edge of the lower plate edye ~7) in a manner such that they face each other in the inter-spaces between the ridges (5).Action and improvements By the break (~) the heat transfer o~ the rapidly heating plate edge to the edge vessels is strongly rcduced.
Moreover when applying the measures a b and c the air 30. cushion ~elow each plate is decreased rapidly in the case o~ superposed plates (fall shaft principle for the colder air). Thus the isolated large area ri.dges can heat more rapidly.
When applying measure b) the heated ridges transfer the heat uniformly to the vessels adjacent in each case heating via the ridges proceeding more rapidl.y than via the connection points wi-th the pla~e edge. The residual O
influence of tne plate edge is neutralized Aue to the fact that the r.idges are tapered towards the plate edge.
Said edge efiect is cancelled by the sum of the above-mentioned measures.
The microtitration plate according io the invention is stable to distorti.on, appropriate for automation, superposable and capable of bein~ lab~lleA.
It is particularly suitable for use in lncubators.
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A microtitration plate adapted to be heated, having a salient edge and a central part provided with vessels, wherein the edge and the central part are substantially separated from one another by a continuous break and only connected with one another by ridges arranged vertically between the edge and central part.
2. The microtitration plate of claim 1, wherein ridges extending in one direction are arranged at the lower face of the plate.
3. A microtitration plate of claim 1, wherein recesses are provided at the support edge of the plate.
4. The microtitration plate of claim 1, wherein the break between the edge and the central part is arranged as close as possible to the edge vessels.
5. The microtitration plate of claim 1 or claim 4, wherein the break between the edge and the central part is enlarged to form recesses.
6. The microtitration plate of claim 1, wherein the vessels are arranged in rows and wherein a vertical ridge is arranged between 2 rows each time.
7. The microtitration plate of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the ends of the ridges are tapered and connect the edge and the central part.
8. The microtitration plate of any of claim 1 or claim 3, wherein the recesses at the plate edge face each other in the interspaces between the ridges and form indentations.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP3214317.6 | 1982-04-19 | ||
DE19823214317 DE3214317A1 (en) | 1982-04-19 | 1982-04-19 | MICROTITER PLATE |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1216735A true CA1216735A (en) | 1987-01-20 |
Family
ID=6161224
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000426053A Expired CA1216735A (en) | 1982-04-19 | 1983-04-18 | Microtitration plate |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4545958A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0092140B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS58190763A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE21048T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1216735A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3214317A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK169883A (en) |
ES (1) | ES271504Y (en) |
Families Citing this family (50)
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US4701754A (en) * | 1985-04-18 | 1987-10-20 | Fmc Corporation | Indicator device for substance receiving wells in a microtiter plate |
FI852736A0 (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1985-07-10 | Labsystems Oy | THERMOSTERBAR CAN SEE. |
US5084246A (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1992-01-28 | Costar Corporation | Multi-well test plate |
US5110556A (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1992-05-05 | Costar Corporation | Multi-well test plate |
GR871619B (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1988-03-03 | Genetic Systems Corp | Automated patient sample analysis instrument |
DE3810862A1 (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1989-10-12 | Molter Gmbh Dr | Laboratory aid |
US5002889A (en) * | 1988-10-21 | 1991-03-26 | Genetic Systems Corporation | Reaction well shape for a microwell tray |
AT394323B (en) * | 1989-11-02 | 1992-03-10 | Slt Labinstruments Gmbh | TEMPERATURE CHAMBER, ESPECIALLY FOR TEMPERING THE CONTENT OF A MICROTITRATION PLATE, AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A HEATING CIRCUIT |
JPH05157684A (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1993-06-25 | Seikagaku Kogyo Co Ltd | Absorptionmeter |
DE9203583U1 (en) * | 1992-03-17 | 1992-05-07 | Alcan Deutschland Gmbh, 3400 Goettingen, De | |
US5319436A (en) * | 1992-05-28 | 1994-06-07 | Packard Instrument Company, Inc. | Microplate farming wells with transparent bottom walls for assays using light measurements |
DE4217868C2 (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1995-01-26 | Univ Schiller Jena | Temperable multicuvette |
US5716798A (en) * | 1992-09-22 | 1998-02-10 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Enhanced detection of microorganisms in samples |
US5650125A (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1997-07-22 | Bosanquet; Andrew George | Method and apparatus for conducting tests |
US5731157A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1998-03-24 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Two-site allergen immunoassay |
DE19519015C1 (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1996-09-05 | Inst Physikalische Hochtech Ev | Miniaturised multi-chamber thermo-cycler for polymerase chain reaction |
US5985594A (en) | 1995-11-14 | 1999-11-16 | Idexx Laboratories, Inc. | Method for quantification of biological material in a sample |
US7122338B2 (en) * | 1995-11-14 | 2006-10-17 | Biocontrol Systems, Inc. | Method for quantification of biological material in a sample |
USD403077S (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 1998-12-22 | Neogen Corporation | Microorganism culture tray |
US5910287A (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 1999-06-08 | Aurora Biosciences Corporation | Low background multi-well plates with greater than 864 wells for fluorescence measurements of biological and biochemical samples |
US6171780B1 (en) | 1997-06-02 | 2001-01-09 | Aurora Biosciences Corporation | Low fluorescence assay platforms and related methods for drug discovery |
US6063338A (en) | 1997-06-02 | 2000-05-16 | Aurora Biosciences Corporation | Low background multi-well plates and platforms for spectroscopic measurements |
US6229603B1 (en) | 1997-06-02 | 2001-05-08 | Aurora Biosciences Corporation | Low background multi-well plates with greater than 864 wells for spectroscopic measurements |
US6426050B1 (en) | 1997-05-16 | 2002-07-30 | Aurora Biosciences Corporation | Multi-well platforms, caddies, lids and combinations thereof |
US6517781B1 (en) | 1997-06-02 | 2003-02-11 | Aurora Biosciences Corporation | Low fluorescence assay platforms and related methods for drug discovery |
US6258326B1 (en) | 1997-09-20 | 2001-07-10 | Ljl Biosystems, Inc. | Sample holders with reference fiducials |
US6297018B1 (en) | 1998-04-17 | 2001-10-02 | Ljl Biosystems, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for detecting nucleic acid polymorphisms |
US6982431B2 (en) | 1998-08-31 | 2006-01-03 | Molecular Devices Corporation | Sample analysis systems |
US6096562A (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 2000-08-01 | Nalge Nunc International Corporation | Multi-slide assembly including slide, frame and strip cap, and methods thereof |
US6861035B2 (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 2005-03-01 | Aurora Discovery, Inc. | Multi-well platforms, caddies, lids and combinations thereof |
US6825042B1 (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 2004-11-30 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals (San Diego) Llc | Microplate lid |
US6027695A (en) * | 1998-04-01 | 2000-02-22 | Dupont Pharmaceuticals Company | Apparatus for holding small volumes of liquids |
EP1071942A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 | 2001-01-31 | LJL Biosystems, Inc. | Sample-holding devices and systems |
US7115231B1 (en) | 1998-06-09 | 2006-10-03 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | Parallel reactor with knife-edge seal |
US7005029B2 (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2006-02-28 | Nalge Nunc International Corporation | Method of making a multi-well test plate having adhesively secured transparent bottom panel |
WO2002061858A2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2002-08-08 | Thermogenic Imaging, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for infrared calorimetric measurements |
US20020132360A1 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2002-09-19 | Flir Systems Boston, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for infrared calorimetric measurements |
US6800491B2 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2004-10-05 | Nalge Nunc International Corporation | Robotic reservoir without liquid hangup |
WO2003024599A1 (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2003-03-27 | 3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Conductive microtiter plate |
US20050013745A1 (en) * | 2001-12-07 | 2005-01-20 | Buchanan Kristopher S. | Extendable segmented sample carrier system |
EP1641555B1 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2020-12-02 | Nexus Biosystems, Inc. | Multi-well plate providing a high-density storage and assay platform |
ES2313070T3 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2009-03-01 | Cedi Diagnostics B.V. | METHOD OF DETECTION OF MULTIPLE ANALYSTS. |
US20050173059A1 (en) * | 2004-02-11 | 2005-08-11 | Nalge Nunc International Corporation | Methods of making a multi-well test plate having an adhesively secured transparent bottom panel |
EP1877190A1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2008-01-16 | Caliper Life Sciences, Inc. | Microtitre plate with a relieved perimeter |
CN103412118A (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2013-11-27 | 厦门市云鹏科技发展有限公司 | Shading ELISA plate with transparent bottom and shading ELISA plate apparatus |
USD757350S1 (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2016-05-24 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Lighting fixture |
JP1726558S (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-10-05 | label | |
USD1013205S1 (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2024-01-30 | Singular Genomics Systems, Inc. | Microplate assembly |
USD1013204S1 (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2024-01-30 | Singular Genomics Systems, Inc. | Microplate assembly |
USD1021135S1 (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2024-04-02 | Tecan Trading Ag | Tray for pipetting tips |
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US3078020A (en) * | 1962-04-04 | 1963-02-19 | Richard N Boonstra | Horticultural carrying apparatus |
US3356462A (en) * | 1966-08-09 | 1967-12-05 | Cooke Engineering Company | Disposable microtitration plate |
DK111786B (en) * | 1967-09-18 | 1968-10-07 | J Sorensen | Tray for plant pots. |
US3713771A (en) * | 1971-05-13 | 1973-01-30 | B Taylor | Method for organized assay and bendable test tube rack therefor |
USRE27756E (en) * | 1971-06-29 | 1973-09-11 | Automated incubation apparatus | |
DE7402859U (en) * | 1974-01-29 | 1974-04-25 | Waldeck A & Co | Holding device for glasses or the like |
US3992265A (en) * | 1975-12-31 | 1976-11-16 | American Cyanamid Company | Antibiotic susceptibility testing |
AU2416177A (en) * | 1976-06-22 | 1978-10-19 | Dynatech Lab | Test tray for antibiotic efficiency against organisms |
US4252897A (en) * | 1978-05-03 | 1981-02-24 | Axford Herbert George | Method and apparatus for bacteria testing |
JPS5563762A (en) * | 1978-11-08 | 1980-05-14 | Toshiba Corp | Automatic chemical analysis device |
FI790692A (en) * | 1979-03-01 | 1980-09-02 | Suovaniemi Finnpipette | MIKROKYVETTENHET |
EP0058428B1 (en) * | 1981-02-18 | 1985-10-09 | Eisai Co., Ltd. | An enzyme immuno-assay for simultaneously measuring a plurality of samples and test vessel for carrying out this method |
JPS57174084A (en) * | 1981-04-17 | 1982-10-26 | Eisai Co Ltd | Container for test |
-
1982
- 1982-04-19 DE DE19823214317 patent/DE3214317A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1983
- 1983-04-12 EP EP83103517A patent/EP0092140B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-12 DE DE8383103517T patent/DE3364865D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-12 AT AT83103517T patent/ATE21048T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-04-18 JP JP58067150A patent/JPS58190763A/en active Pending
- 1983-04-18 ES ES1983271504U patent/ES271504Y/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-18 CA CA000426053A patent/CA1216735A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-18 US US06/485,831 patent/US4545958A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-04-18 DK DK169883A patent/DK169883A/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK169883A (en) | 1983-10-20 |
EP0092140A1 (en) | 1983-10-26 |
ATE21048T1 (en) | 1986-08-15 |
ES271504U (en) | 1983-10-01 |
JPS58190763A (en) | 1983-11-07 |
DE3364865D1 (en) | 1986-09-04 |
DE3214317A1 (en) | 1983-12-15 |
ES271504Y (en) | 1984-04-01 |
EP0092140B1 (en) | 1986-07-30 |
US4545958A (en) | 1985-10-08 |
DK169883D0 (en) | 1983-04-18 |
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