CA1224050A - Abrasive agglomerates for use in scouring cleaning compositions - Google Patents

Abrasive agglomerates for use in scouring cleaning compositions

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Publication number
CA1224050A
CA1224050A CA000435823A CA435823A CA1224050A CA 1224050 A CA1224050 A CA 1224050A CA 000435823 A CA000435823 A CA 000435823A CA 435823 A CA435823 A CA 435823A CA 1224050 A CA1224050 A CA 1224050A
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Prior art keywords
compositions according
weight
organic binder
abrasive
wax
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CA000435823A
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French (fr)
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Peter L. Dawson
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Unilever PLC
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Unilever PLC
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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Scouring cleaning compositions are disclosed in which the abrasive agent consists of agglomerates of finely divided abrasive material in an organic binder for agglomerating such material. Compositions of the in-vention have good soil-removing properties and improved non-scratching behaviour. They are useful as powdered or liquid household products as well as skin-cleaning products.

Description

/C ~C~3 C? (R) A~R~SI~7F AGGLOME2ATI~S ~O~ IN ~COTJl~[NG CL~ANING
COMPO'`,I'.rION.S

'~e p:resent inven-tion re:Lates.to scourinq cleaninq com-posi.tions in dry or 'I.iqui~ form. It is concerned wi-th compositi.ons in ~'hich -the ahras:ive material loes not scratch or damaqe weak or so-Ft materials bllt s-till ex--hi'nits excellent a~rasive properties.

In the prior art, many scour:in~ cleaners have ~een de-scrihe~l. Norrna]ly, scourinq compositions consis-t o-E one or more a'brasive materiaJ.s, usually wa-te:r-insoluhle, one or more inor~Jan:ic sal-ts, usua].ly al.kaline, and op-tionally one or more sur:face-active mate.rials. Other compoun-ls, for example oxi~izinq or renlucinq hleaches, stabilizers for any bleach constituent, perfume an~l a~ents especially directed to thickening, colourinq, cornplexin~, soil-suspendin~, can he incl.uded i:E
desire(i .

r~he ahrasive particles convent:ionally used are irregu-larly shaped, po~derecl or qroun~ materials o:F avera~e particle diame-ter of about :L0 to 100 microns.

~lowever, it is not desirable ~For t'he a~rasive par-ti.cles to scratch or damaqe the su'bs-trate Froln which soil has -to be removed an~ thus -they are ~sel.e(te(l hy virtue of their hein~ soE-ter than the subst:rate, yet har-'ier than the soils they are in-tende~l to remove.

Cheap an-l e-FFective minera.Ls selected from ahundant:Ly occurrin~ constituents of t~e eart~ 5 crust, such as calc:ite, c~alk, marble, ~olomi-te, Feldspar or quartz have been found suitable for c'lea.nin~ ceramic, stone, vitreous enamel, c~romiwn an~i s-tainless stee]. surfaces, hu-t t'hese abrasi.ves a:re not suita~)le :For cleaning more sensi-tive surFaces like perspex, paint work, polished ~i'~

~24050 C ~3:L~:I/C ~35 (R) wooclwork, mel.amine-faeed laminateci arld PVC, without severe eoncurrent seratehing and dul.ling. Redueing the partiele si~e of the abrasive to below lO microns re~
duees seratehing and dulling eonsidera'oly, but soil rernoval is also eonsiderably cl:imin:ished.

'['he u-ti:Lisation of softer partieles in t'he ~referrec'l s:ize range fo:r eleaning Jnay preven~ subs~ra-te damage, hu-t Eor eA~arnple a soft mineral such as pure gypsum (ealei~1m sulpha-te) is too weak to abra~e -typieal soil.s efficiently and has the :Further disadvantage of beincl soluble in water, whereas the pure, naturally oecurring clays and tales break down -to platele-ts very easily and nei-ther se:rateh nor elean. rne use o.E powdered polymers as abrasives does satisfy the criteria for good cleter-geney of -the soils found on modern plastie surfaees with little or no sllbstrate damage. Polyethylene, poly-styrene and polyvinylehloride powders have been sug-geste-l as suitable. These, however, are :rela-tively very expensive ~or use in genera:l. household or institu-tional eleaning eompositions and are :Eur-t'her ecologieally un-desirable agents in terms of disposal and was-te of valuable natural resourees.

It has now been found tha-t non-scratclling ab.rasive par-tieles having good elean:ing properties can be made by agglomerating subs-tantial proportions o:~ finely divided mineral ma-terial with o:rganic 'binder. ~ccordingly, it has been found -that eomposit:ions eontaiiling said abrasi.ve agglomera-tes have good so~ removing prope:r-ties, yet are substantially non-sc:ratehillg.

It has also been found thclt inclusioil of said abrasive agg].omerates in a eosme-tieally aceepta'ble base provi.des a very mild cosme-tic scouring composition which does not roughen o:r abrade t'ne humarl skin.

5~ / c ~y ChOOSill-l a hin~ er Wi-tll t'lle correct mec11anical prop-erties, particles can he ma~le ~v usirlq simr~le -t:echnol.-oqy, w~ic'n are larqe enouqh an-l stronq eno~lqh -to ahra~1e soils, such as qrease, jam, ha-tl~ scum, etc., yet ~el~orm c; or lisinteqrate when -the su'nstra-te :is cont~actefl. In a preferre~ emho~ilnent the present invention provi~les non--scratchinq, scourillq c:Leaninq compositions in wl~ich the abrasi~e aqent i.s :forme~l by f.ria~)le, ~1e-Forma~le aqqlomerates consis-tinc~ essen-tially of a~rasive 1~ rnaterial, the particles of which have initial sizes all helow 2() microns, a-t ] east ~0~ ~y weiqht thereo F heinq helow 10 microns, an~l an orqanic hin~ler aqalomeratina sai~l abrasive ma-teri~al.

1~; The a~rasive ma-terials that c an he use~ in the corn-positions accor(linq -to the presen-t inventior- may he any o:F those known in t~e prior art.

It is pre:Ferre~ that the maxi mum particle size is ln 20 microns, hut i-t can he tole:ra-te-l -that up to 2()~ y weiqh-t of the minera:L ha~ izes ahove 70 rnicrons, pro-virle¢l all siz.es are helow ~() rni.crons.

Pre Fera~] y ~5 to ~0~ hy weiqht o F -the a'nrasive par--tic'l.es lnclve si~es ~e].ow ~ microns. As pa:rticles o-F s~lch smallness are non-scratc'hinq, irrespective o:F their har~lness orl ~oh's scal.e, a wi~le ranqe o-F rninerals mav ~e use~. ~hus, ~olomites, araqonites, -Fe:L~lspars, var:i-ous forrns oF silica, alum:irlcas, qypsurll, clays, kaolirls, 3n etc., or m:ixtures thereoF a:re a~Ll suitah:le hasic al:~rasive materials. Particularly suitahle i5 calcite, :for ins-tance ].imestone, challc or rn~rhl.e, suc'h as those forms oF calcite referre~l to :in F~ritish Paten-t ~Cpèci-~Fication :1 34'; 119.
An important econom:ica:l a~lvantaqe of the presen-t inven-tion i5 the possi't~ility t:o use an~l ur~qra(le poor minera].

~;
~ O C ~l~,/C ~35 (R) material. rrhus/ mater:ial rejectecl for current abrasive cleaners on the grouncls oE scratchillg or beiny too soft when used at a conventiorlal particle size of e.g. 50 rnicrons, may be produced or obtainecl very cheaply at sizes below 10 microns for use in the present inven--tion.

In choosing sui-table agg:Lomerating agents, both mechan-ical and chemical consideratiorls should be -taken into 10 account.

From the mechanical point o:E view, sui-table binders for the presen-t invention are seLec-ted on the hasis of two criteria applied to a cast bar oE the agglomera-te:
(a) the flexural streng-th and (b) t:he elas-tic and plas-tic properties. These properties are inEluenced by ~le binder and its ratio to -the mineral :in a complica-tecd manner and are believed to be :important for the non-scratching behaviour of the ag(31Omercl-tecl particles.
r~us, the scra-tch-determining proper-ty is both a :Eunc -tion oE the elas-ticity/plasticity o~ the agglomerates, i.e. the arnount of deEormation -that is possible when the agglomerates are brought into contact with -the sub-s-trate, ancl the friability rela-ting to the mechanical strength oE the agglomerci-tes/ i.e. the i-enclency to break when brouyht into contac-t with -the subs-trate.

'I'he flexural s-trength of the agglomerate can be mea-sured by means oE a 3-pO:illt breaking Eorce test. In this tes-t, semi-circular cross-sec-tion bars oE the ag-g:Lomerated material Wit}l radius ~ mm are supported horizontally (curved sicle up) on piers 17 mm apart. A
graduaLly increasin~ downward Eorce is applied -to the middle o:E the bar un-til it hrea1cs. Materials exhibitin~
flexural strengths above about 1.5 kq l-ave been found suitable to provicle abrasive powders of sufficient strength to c:Lean -typical soils e-fficiently. Flexural C' 8:1 ~/C ~335 (R) strenc3ths o~ about 3 -to ~, ky are pre:Lerred and in par--ticular ~ to 5. 5 kg. rlrne achieveMent of such s-treny-ths in combina-tion with a non--sc:ra-tching behaviour has been :found to be by way of careful- selection of the organic 5 binder wi-th clue regard to its elastic or plastic be-haviour and the selection oE par-ticle si.ze clistributions giving opt:imal packinq, which can be suitably quantiEied by the micro~hardness of the agglomerates. In general, the agglomerates should have 10 a rnicrohardness on -the Vickers hardness scale in the range o E 3 to 10, pre:Eerably 6 to 8 .

An important consiclera-tion in selec-ting suitable binders is also the chern:ica:L stability oE the agglorner-15 a-tes, ~or :instance when used in an aqueous alkaline surfactant suspendi.ng me~:lium.

Binclers -that sa-tisfy the above crit:eria and have ade~
quate adhesive power to Eorrn agglotnerates with high 20 mineral/binder ratios, preEerably are waxes exliibiting some degree o:E reac-tive character towards -the minera]
constituent, either owing to some e.y. carboxylic acid groups :i.n the wax mo] ecul.e or -to the ex terl~al. addition oE minor amounts of oil-soluble polar materials, such 25 as e.g~ qua-ternary arnmonium cornpounds, anionic higher :Eatty ac:ids, waxes w:ith high aci.d nulnhers and higher molecular weight soaps and anionic surfactants. I'he dey:ree o:E polarity introduced :into the organic bi.nder systern is critical in -that an arnoun-t is :c-equired su:E-30 Eicient to rnaximise partic:Le b:indin-l ancl waterproofing, whereas excess leads to suscept:ibili-ty to e.y. aqueous all-~alihe surfactant media in which these agglomerated abrasives may have to opera-te.

35 ~ccordinqly, sui-table oryanic binderci y i.ving agglorner~
ates wi-th .Elexural streng ths i n the pre Eerred range oE
abo~lt 3 to 6 kg are waxes selected, either singly or in blends, Erorn -the group consis-ting of:

~ /C ~35 (R) ~a) Neu-tral paraffin waxes oE both -the predominantl.y straigh-t-chain ancl the high1y branched type (-the micro-crystalline waxes) with melting poin-ts be--tween 40D and 90C. Also lightLy oxidized deriva-tives of those waxes up -to acid numbe:rs of about 20 (mg KOH per gram wax).
(b) Montan ester waxes with melting points o.E be-tween a'bout '70 and 100C wi-th acid numbers up to about 20.
:L0 (c) Low molecular weiyh-t polyethylene waxes (mol.
weight about 2000) with melting poi.n-ts between about 100 and 125C and acid numbers up to about 20.
(d) Higher polyalky:lenes, e.g. polypropylenes, poly--butenes, with distinct melting points in the range 60-150C.
(e) Fully hardened triglyceride oils, e.g. tallow, vegetable and fish oils.

Also suitable are waxes which give agglomera-tes with -Elexural s-trengths above l.5 kg, bu-t ou-t.side the ra:nge of about 3 to 6 kg, fi.nding application in the special.-ized cleaning oE very sensi-tive materials, such as e.g.
delicate paint work, or tougher surEaces, such as e.g.
rnelamine lamina-tes.

'Fhey inc:Lu(le paraffin wa~es with melting poin-ts of be-~low 50C, such as e.g. cetyl/stearyl alcohols or s-te-aryl stearate, giving Elexural streng-ths in the range o:E 1.5 -to 3 kg, and waxes giving s-trengths above 6 kg or Vickers hardness above 10, such as e.g. carnauba ester wax and polye-thylene wa~es with higher molecular weights (above ~500) and mel-ting points above 1~5C.

It is o:Eten preEerred to introduce degrees of ei-ther anionic or cationic polar be'haviour into the wax binder systems, depending on the chelrlical prope:rties of the r-C' ~314/C E~35 (R) ~2~

material selected. Oil-soLuble ca-tiorlic co~lpouncls are preferred for -talcs, kaolins and silicas, whereas anionic compouncls are preEerred Eor marbles, ehalks, felcdspars, dolomites and gypsum. Sorne minera:Ls, e.g.
the felcdspars ancl carbonates, exhibit ampho-terie be-haviour ~

Suitable anionie oil-soluble polar eompounds include fatty acids whieh preferably have rnore -than 18 carbon ].0 atoms in the alkyl eha:in; oxidized paraffins preferably with ehain leng-ths of 20 to ~0 earbon atoms and aeid numbers of about 100 to 150; polyethylene waxes (mol.
weights of about 2000) preEerably having acid numbers of abou-t 10 to 30; montanic aeids preferably having aeid n~mlbers of about 100 -to 150, mon-tan acid esters pre*erably having aeid nulnbers of about 35 to 100; and high moleeular weight alkyl sulphates and sulphonates, sue~ as e-g. di(Cl3-~1s)5Ulp~loSUCCillate~

Sui-ta'ble ea-tionie compounds include higher Eatty amines, e.g. s-tearylarnine, ancl higher molecular weight alkyl (ary]) quaternaries, e.cl. di-~lauryl-di-methyl ammoni~m ehloricle and di~steary:l-di-methyl ammollium chloricle.
Wi-th neutral waxes, preEerabLy the o~ soluble po]ar compouncls are incorporated a-t a level of 1 to 20~ more preferably 2 -to 20C~ and most prefera'bly 4 to 10~ by weiyh-t oE the wax. If waxes are employed w:i-th sorne polar charae-ter -themselves, accordingly less oE the polar aclditive has -to be i.ncorpora-ted. Preferably the wax blend (i.e. the wax plus optionally the polar com-pound) has an initial acid number oE hetween l and 10 or even be-tween 2 ancl 5.
General]y -the oil-soluble polar cornpouncls are blended wi-th the mo]ten wax prior -to -the addition of the f:ine mineral material.

~2~ 81~/C ~35 (~) An advantageous method of introducing a degree of polari-ty into the wax system i~s in situ produc-tion of oxidized parafEin, wherein -the paraE:Ein wax and mineral are mixed together and heater'l-to -temperatures in excess o:E 120C with good air contact. r~he para-Efin wax acids being Eorrned during ~he hea-tiny then react with -the mineral to provide optimal par-ticle bincling.

Suitable binding systems also are high molecular weigh-t po:L~rners (or mixtures t'hereo:E) satisfying the physical and chemical criteria stated abo-ve. Such compounds selec-ted from the group of lig'h-tly carboxyla-ted poly-mers based on styrene, al~ylacrylic esters, e-thylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride or bu-tadiene pro-vide sui-table mineral/binder matrices.

I-t is preferred t'hat the pol.ymer binders exhibit some polar behaviour so as to maximi~e hinding to the miner-al. Preferably, the binding groups, e.g. o:E the carbox-yli~ or amine type, are c'hernically attac'hed -to t'he polymer backbone, which has the additional and advan-tageous possibility o:E cross-linking, thus improving solvent resistance and strength.

~5 The weight ratio between the abrasive rnaterial and -the binder can be varied widely depending on the type of binder used. For waxes -the mineral/binder ra-tio will norrrlally be between l:l and 8:l. Irne lowe:r limit oE
this ratio is primarily dictated by cost consider-a-tions, but also stems :Erom -the fact that the intrinsic strength of waxes is inc:reased (usua'Lly about 2-3 fold) by admixing Einely powdered abrasive material, but only c~-t ratios oE 50~ by weight or mo:re. The ~pper limit is that beyond which -the mechanicctl s-trength of the wax system fal:ls ofE -to zero. Prefe.rably, weight rc.ttios of mineral -to wax 'blend a.re between ~:l and 5.5:l.

t'he polymer emulsion- or solu-t:ion-hound mineral aggre-C' ~l~/C'~35 (R) c~

gate sys-tems are not subject t:o the upper mineral limit Eor waxes oE about 85-90% by weig~-t. They do not melt and ~ill the interstitial voids as do -the waxes, bu-t, being s-ticky, they spot-glue -the mineral particles to-gether w~en -the solvent phase is removed above -the min-imum film--,Eorming tempera-ture Eor -tha-t polymer. Because of -the hig'`Qer -tensile s-~rengths exhibited by polymers, these systems re-tain acceptable mechanical streng-ths up to mineral/b:inder weigh-t ra-tios of 97:3.
~f the bincier has a clefinite mel-ting po:int, e.g. -the waxes, then a~glomerates with up -to about 5 to 6 par-ts by weiyh-t oE mineral to 1 par-t of mol-ten wax are easily made by hot-mi~ing -to a slurry ~hich on cooling may be milled to the desired par-ticle size range. Alterna--tively, pan-granulation -tec'hniques/ Elaking, ex-trusion or spray-cooling of the slurry may be employed prior to milling.

At higher mineral to binder ratios there is not enough molten liquid phase to f:ill the in-terstices between -the particles and mobile slurries canno-t be made. This is so:Lved by using solutions or emulsions of binder to rnake a slurry with the mineral, foLlowec-l by hea-t-drying -to drive oEE the solven-t or wa-ter and coalesce the wax or polymeric particles in -the agglomerating ma-trix. The cas-t or spray-dried solids are then rniL],ed to the de--s:ired partic:Le size by using conventional -techniques.
l'~hese par-ticles are porous when dried and t'ne voids lef-t by t'he evapora-ted solvent fi:LL up with solu-tion when wetted. Agglomerates can be produced having any pre:Eerred size range or s-'nape. ~brasive sizes can range from 10 to 500 microns or more if so desired. I-t is preferred tha-t particle s:i~es are i,n the range from aboll-t 10 to about 200 microns, distributions preferably havin~ mean sizes from abou-t 75 to about 125 microns.

~2~ C R:1.4/C ~35 (R) :lO

In seouring eomposi-tions, genexally also one or more sur:Eaee-aetive agen-ts are ineludecl. Suitable as sur-f-ae-tants in the eompositions of -the present inven-tion are any o:E t:he detergent-active eompoundc; normally used in scouring cleansersr ineluding anionic, nonionie, ca-t:ionic, zwitterionie and amphoteric compounds.

Sui-table an:ionie surfaetants are alka].i metal or alkanolamine salts oE C12 C18 branehecl or s-traight chain alkyl ar~l sulphona-tes, of C12-C18 paraffin sulphonates, of C8-C12 branehed or s-trai.g'ht chain alkyl sulphonates, of C10-Cl8 alkyl EOl_lo su:L-pha-tes, of sulphosuceinates, o-F C10-C2~ fat-ty aeid soaps, ete. It is of-ten desirable to include also a nonionie or zwitterionie detergent ma-terial, espeeially in the :liquid type of scouring eompositions. Suitable examples of nonionic cletergents are water-soluble eon-densation produets of e-thy:lene oxide and/or propylene oxide with linear primary or secondary C~-Cl~
aleohols, with C8-C18 fa-tt.y acid amides o.r :Eatty aeid alkylo:Lamides ~both mono- and diamides), with Cg-Cls alkyl phenols ancl so on. The alkoxyla-tecl C8-Cll~ fa-tty aeid rnono- and di.alkylolamides should eontain more than one al.kylene oxide unit, for instance they shou:Ld be eondensed with e,g. 2-5 moles of a].kyl-ene oxide sueh as ethylene oxide. F'at-ty acid mono- or dialkylolamides in whi.eh the fatty ae:id radieal eon-tains 10-16 earbon a-toms are also suitahle nonionies, sueh as e.g. eoeofatty aeid monoethanolamide. Suit.able zwitterionie detergents are -t:rialkylolamine o~ides having one long alkyl ehain (C8-C18) and two short al.kyl ehains (Cl-C~), betaines ancl sulphobe-taines.
Other surEaetants ancl eombinations of surfaetants are those referred to for use in seouring e:leanser eom-posi-tions cleseribed in Bri-tish Patent Speeifiea-tions ~,22 569, 955 081, 1 007 3~-~2, 1 0~ 31~, :L 167 597, 1 1~1 607, :l. 262 2~0, 1 303 ~10, 1 30~ 190, 1 3~5 :Ll9 (: 8~ /C 835 (R) and 1 ~18 671.

I-t is often desirable that scouring compositions of the present inven-tion contain adjunc-t~s, especially builder salts such as alkali me-tal silicates, carbonates, ort'hophosphates, pyrophosphates and polyphosphates, n:i-trilo-triacetates, citrates, and mix-tures thereof, co]ouring ayents, perfurnes, 1uorescers, hydro-tropes, soil-suspencling agents, bleachiny agents and precursors therefor, enz~mes, opaciriers, germicides, humectants and salt electrolytes such as -those referred to in the above patent specifica-tions.

Particularly valuable are scouring composi-tions that are free-:Elowing powdersO Suc'h cleansers can con-tain from 0.1 to 40~ by weigh-t of surfactant, Erom 5 to ~9 'by weight of abrasive powder and from 0 -to 95~ by weight of scouring cleanser adjunc-ts. Also par-ticularly valuable are scouring c.Leansers -tha-t are pasty or pour-Z0 able aqueous liquid cornposi-tions. ~Such cleansers can contain from 0.1 -to 50S~ by weiyht o:E surfactant and from 5 -to 60% by weight oE ab-rasive powder, -the remain-der being scouring clearlser adjuncts and wa-ter. Prefer--ably -the a'brasive powder is dispersed irl t'he aqueous medium of -the cleanser, and the aqueous rnedium com-prises a m.icel.lar or polymeric suspending system which maintclins the powder in dispersion. Suitable aqueous media are those described in Br:i-ti.sh Pa-tent Specifi-ca-tions 1 167 597, 1 181 607, 1 262 280, 1. 303 810, 1 308 190 and 1 418 67:L.

The agglomerate compositions are suitab:l.e for long-tenn stability in aqueous suspendincJ rnedia, particularly those using non-phosphate neutral or alkaline electro-lytes. ~ncreased phosphate -to]erance rrlay 'be provi.ded 'by incluc`ii.ng in the wax blencl t'he higher levels oE
carboxylic acicls and/or -the -higher rnolecular weigh-t C 813/C 835 (R) members o-E -the yroup of o~ soluble po~ar co~npounds, or the higher rnolecular weigh-t neutra:l parafEin ancl poly-e-thylene waxes.

Alternat:ive'ly waterproofers such as the terpene hydrocarbon resins, e.g. piccolyte S100 ex Hercules Inc., may be added to the wax blend in rninor alnounts.

The invent:ion wi:Ll further b'e described by way of examples, in which parts and percentayes are by weight unl,ess inc'licated otherwise.

EXAMPL,E 1 (Liquid) _ ~e following abrasive agglomera-tes were prepared for use in a liquid scouring compos:ition.
1. %
ParaEEin wax m.pt 60C 16.3 Montan acid ester (acicl number '30) 0.7 Crushed marble (average particle size 2/u, 100% less -than 10/u) 83 Rcid nwnber of wax blend (ini-tially) 3O7 Strength (1/2 round bar Elexural) 5.0 kg Hardness (on the V:ickers scale) 7.0
2.
Paraffin wax rn.p-t 60C 15.3 Oxidizecl polye-thylene wax (m.pt lO0C, acid number 25) mol.wt~ 2000 1.7 Crushed mar'ble (average particle si~e 2/u, 83 100~ less than 10/u) Rcid n~lber of wax blencl (initially) 2.5 Strength (1/2 round 'bar-flexural) 5.5 kg hardness (011 the Vickers scale) 6.0 ~;22~L~S~
3.
Para:Efin wax m.pt 60C 16.4 Mon-tan acid (acid nurnber 145) 0.6 Crushed marble (average particle size 2/u 100% less than 10/u) 83 hcid number of wax blend (initia]ly) 5.1 Strength (l/2 round bar-flexural) 4.5 kg Hardness (on -the Vickers scale) 7.5 Iiqui.d scouring composition:
Coconut die-thanolamide 3 Na alkylbenzene sulphonate 3 -trisoclium citrate dihydrate 3 15 fine chalk (100% less than 5/u) 2.5 agglomerate (average size 90/u) 40 water balance Example II 1 2 3 20 (Powder) (Liquld) (Llq_id) Na alkylbenzene sulphonate 2 3 3 Lauric c1ie-thanolamide -- 3 3 Trisodium phosphate 3 - --Sodium tripolyphosphate - 6 6 25 Perfume 0.2 . 0.3 0.3 Calcite~ 20 Calcitel/Montan Wax2 agglomerate3 94.8 40 20 Water - 47.7 47-7 :L. ex chalk particle dis-tribution: 0% ~20/u 14% ~10/u 36% ~ 5/u ~0% ~ 2/u 2. Hoechst Wax F : acid num~er 8 mpt 80C.

C 81~/C 835 (R) 5~
1'~

3. Weight ratio 5:1 (mineral/binder): bar breaking strength 5.5 kg. Mi:Llecl and sieved through 180/u mesh : average par-ticle si~e ~ 90/u.

xample III (Li.quid) Na alky].benzene sulphonate 3 Lauric diethanolamide 3 Sodium tripolyphosphate 6 10 Perfume 0.3 Calcitel 10 Calc:itel/poLyethylerle wax2 agglomerate3 35 Water 42.7 1. ex marble, particle dis-tr:ibution: 0~ ~10/u 12~ > 5/u 50~ c 2/u 2. ex HoechstD Mol.wt 2000, m.pt 120C, acid number zero; wi-th 1.7~ stearic acicl added, acid number oE
wax blend 3.4.
3. Weight ratio 4.5:1 (mineral/binder) : bar breaking strength 4.4 ]cg and Vickers hardness 7.5. Milled and sieved through 200/u mesh : average part.icle size 100/u.

_ ample IV (Paste) Potassium coconut soap 4 30 Calcitel/paraffin wax2 aqglomerate3 78%
Water, per:Eume, colour 18~

1. ex chalk, particle distribution: 0~ ~20/u 6~ ~10/u 2~ S/u 35~ ~ 2/u ~ ~3~ 335 (~) 2. m.pt 67C, acicl nurnbe:r ~ero; with 1.6'-,' stearic acid added.
3. Weight ratio 5:1 (inineral./bincler) : bar breaXing strength ~,0 kg. Mille~l and sievecl to 90/u average diameter.

Example V (polymer--bound calcite :in powder composition) _ _ A stiff aqueous slurry of 1.5 parts of a 50% solids emul.sion of a s-tyrene-acrylic copolyrner with 9 parts of a finely ground marble, mean particle size 2/u, was prepared. '~e paste was spread on a tray and dried in an oven at 50C (above the MFFT for the polymer).
A cas-t semi-circular cross-sec-t:ion bar showed a dry strength of 3~7 kg.

The clriecl a~glomera-te was broken up ancl milled to a range of particle sizes averaging about 90/u. This powder was incorpora-ted in -the :Eollowi.ng co~nposition:
Na al.kylbenzene su:lphonat.e 2 Trisodi.um phosphate 3 Per:Eume 0.2 Polymer/calci-te agylo]-nerate 94.8 (7.7% polymer; bar breaking s-trength 3.7 kg.) Calcite par-ticle dis-tribution: 0% ~10/u :L2~ `~ .S/u 50% ~. 2/~l '~le composition, slurried with a litt:le water, cleaned a modeL waxy soil (simula-ti:ng bath scum) from a piece of ~irgin perspex, eEficiently ancl with no trace of damage .

~ /('t~5 (R) Exarnple VI ~Scouring powder w:ith c`hlorine) _ _ A scourincl powder providing chlorine in acldi-~ion was also made:
Ma alkyLben~ene sulphonate 2 Sodium phosphate hypochlorite 10 Perfume 0.2 Dolomite1/wax blend2 agglomerate3 87.8 1. particle distribution: 0~ >20/u 10 ~ ~ :L O / u ~7~ > 5/u 30~ ~ ~/u 2. 80~ paraE:Ein wax m.pt 60C, acid nurnber zero, 20%
polyethylene wax m.pt 105~C, mol.wt 2000, acid num-ber 17.
3. 4.5:1 w-t ratio ~mineral/hincler) ~ bar breaking stren~-t'h 4.5 kyO tvlilled to 100/u average diame-ter.
Good cleaning, excellent bleach:ing and gemlic:iclal eEEects and minimal clamage to pLastic surfaces were obtained.

Example VII
-A very rnild, but eEEicient, liquid scouring cornposition was preparecl using a "liyht kaolin" aygreyate bound wi-th a 95:5 paraEEin wax/micro-crysta:lline wax blend, plas-ticised wi-th a lit-tle di-hardened -tallow dimethyl ammonium c'h:Loride.

'l~e op-timum ra-tio oE about 70:30 kaolin powder to wax binder is lower than tha-t found with e.g feldspar, dolomite, q~lar-tzt calcite, etc., owing -to the plate~
like morpho'logy of the clay. ~le milled aggreya-te oE

r-~ /C ~3 l7 about 100/u average par-ticle 5:ize could be incorpor-ated in-to ei-ther micellar surfclc-tant/electrolyte or polymeric surfactan-t suspending systems at about 40% by weight o. -the -total cornposi-tion, for example:
~
Tallow alcohol 10 E0 3.3 Diethanolamine 1. 7 Copo:Lymer of 1 mole me-t~hacrylic acid with 2 moles e-thyl acry:Late 0.5 10 Kaol:in1/paraffin wax2 agglomerate3 ~4 Water, perfume, etc. to 100.0 1. Light grade, 0.5~ ~10/u 7sr~ ~ 2/u 2. ~lend of paraffin wax m.pt 67C, acid number zero (95%) with rnicro-crys-talline wax m.pt 85C, acid nurnber zero (5rO) with 1-2r~ (on wax blend) of com mercial distearyl dimethyl ammon:iuln chloride.
3, 2.5:1 wt ratio (mineral/binder), bar breaking strength 2.8 kg. Mi:Lled to 95/u average dial-neter.

r~lis composition, in addition to giving efficient cleaning without damage to plas-tic surfaces, is with slight modifica-tion also sui-table for use as a heavy duty hand cleanser.

~nlilce conventiona]ly used harsh abrasive- or solvent-based hand cleansers, the skin is not roughened or abradecl and no residual solven-t smells occur Modifica-tions to the above composition for safe pro-longed skin con-tact include reducing the level of di-ethanolamine -to give a pH of 3--9, or replacing the arnine/polyrner thickening system by a neutral water-soluble gurn. Alternatively, known rnild sllrfactan-ts~

~- '3L~ 35 (~) 1~3 e.g. alkyl amine o~ides, soaps, etc., may be -thickened with non-toxic gums, alginates, etc. to make suspending gels containing the agglomera-tes of -the inven-tion.

~he inven-tion has been described with respect to de-scriptions and :illustrations of specific embodiments thereoE, but is not to be lirni-ted -to these, since it is evident that one skilled in the art will be able -to u-tilize sub.sti-tutes and equivalents without departing from -the s~irit of -the invention or going beyond its scope.

Claims (25)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Scouring cleaning compositions comprising from 5, to 99% by weight of an abrasive agent consisting of agglomerates of finely divided abrasive material having no particles of initial size above 20 micrometers, at least 80% by weight thereof being of initial size below 10 micrometers, and an organic binder for agglomerating such material.
2. Compositions according to claim 1, in which the abrasive material comprises no particles of initial size above 10 micrometers.
3. Compositions according to claim 1, in which 25 to 80% by weight of the particles of the abrasive material have initial sizes of below 2 micrometers.
4. Compositions according to claim 1, in which the abrasive material is calcite.
5. Compositions according to claim 1, in which the abrasive agglomerates have a flexural strength of above 1.5 kg.
6. Compositions according to claim 5, in which the abrasive agglomerates have a flexural strength of between 3 and 6 kg.
7. Compositions according to claim 6, in which the abrasive agglomerates have a flexural strength of between 4 and 5.5 kg.
8. Compositions according to claim 1, in which the abrasive agglomerates have a micro-hardness on the Vickers scale of between 3 and 10.
9. Compositions according to claim 8, in which the abrasive agglomerates have a micro-hardness on the Vickers scale of between 6 and 8.
10. Compositions according to claim 1, in which the organic binder comprises a wax.
11. Compositions accordinc, to claim 10 in which the wax is a straight or branched chain paraffin wax with a melting point of between 40°C and 90°C.
12. Compositions according to claim 10, in which the wax has an acid number up to about 20.
13. Compositions according to claim 10, in which the organic binder further comprises an oil-soluble anionic or cationic polar compound.
14. Compositions according to claim 13, in which the organic binder comprises from 1 to 20% by weight of the polar compound.
15. Compositions according to claim 14, in which the organic binder comprises from 2 to 20% by weight of the polar compound.
16. Compositions according to claim 15, in which the organic binder comprises from 4 to 10% by weight of the polar compound.
17. Compositions according to claim 10, in which the organic binder has an initial acid number of between 1 and 10.
18. Compositions according to claim 17, in which the organic binder has an initial acid number of between 2 and 5.
19. Compositions according to claim 18, in which the weight ratio between the abrasive material and the organic binder is within the range of from 1:1 to 8:1.
20. Compositions according to claim 19, in which the weight ratio between the abrasive material and the organic binder is within the range of from 4:1 to 5.5:1.
21. Compositions according to claim 1, in which the organic binder comprises a high molecular weight polymer.
22. Compositions according to claim 21, in which the weight ratio between the abrasive material and the organic binder is within the range of from 1:1 to 97:3.
23. Particulate scouring compositions according to claim 1, comprising 0.1 to 40% by weight of a detergent surfactant and 5 to 99% by weight of the abrasive agent, the balance being conventional scouring cleanser adjuncts.
24. Liquid scouring compositions according to claim 1, comprising 0.1 to 50% by weight of a detergent surfactant and 5 to 60% by weight of the abrasive agent, the balance being water and conventional liquid scouring cleanser adjuncts.
25. Skin cleansing compositions according to claim 1, comprising 5 to 60% by weight of the abrasive agent in a cosmetically acceptable base.
CA000435823A 1983-08-31 1983-08-31 Abrasive agglomerates for use in scouring cleaning compositions Expired CA1224050A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6183766B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2001-02-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Skin sanitizing compositions
US6423329B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2002-07-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Skin sanitizing compositions

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6183766B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2001-02-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Skin sanitizing compositions
US6423329B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2002-07-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Skin sanitizing compositions

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