CA1231431A - Fully wetted mechanical ultrasound scanhead - Google Patents
Fully wetted mechanical ultrasound scanheadInfo
- Publication number
- CA1231431A CA1231431A CA000477726A CA477726A CA1231431A CA 1231431 A CA1231431 A CA 1231431A CA 000477726 A CA000477726 A CA 000477726A CA 477726 A CA477726 A CA 477726A CA 1231431 A CA1231431 A CA 1231431A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- motor
- ultrasound
- scanhead
- improved mechanical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
- G10K11/35—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using mechanical steering of transducers or their beams
- G10K11/352—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using mechanical steering of transducers or their beams by moving the transducer
- G10K11/355—Arcuate movement
Abstract
ABSTRACT FULLY WETTED MECHANICAL ULTRASOUND SCANHEAD A fully wetted ultrasound scanhead for medical applications is described in which the motor and the rotor are enclosed within a sealed housing filled with ultrasound coupling fluid. The invention includes a drive belt to drive the rotor from the motor, rather than a precision drive means. Speed adjustment means, including an encoder disk mounted on the rotor, provide feedback for an electronic speed controller. Accordingly, the speed of the motor can be adjusted as a direct consequence of the actual speed of the rotor.
Description
~3~3~
~13 FULLY WETTED MECHANICAL ULTRASOUND SKYE
The present invention relates to mechanical scan heads. In particular, it relates to a mechanical skinned of the type used in medical electronic diagnostic ultrasound equipment Ultrasound is a no invasive technique for generating image scans of interior body organs. As is well known in the art, there are a variety of types of ultrasound transducers. These include elongated transducers, such as phased array transducers and linear array transducers which are fully electronic in beam forming and directing, and various types of spherical transducers and annular arrays, which are typically scanned mechanically.
Mechanical scan heads typically utilize two techniques for generating sector scans. The first technique, which requires a plurality of transducers, is the rotating skinned unit, in which the various transducers are rotated through 360 degrees and are turned on in succession ox a sector which corresponds to the sector being scanned. The second type of mechanical skinned is an oscillating skinned, sometimes called a "wobbler". In either type of mechanical skinned, drive means, such as a motor, must be connected to the transducer in order to impart mechanical movement to the rotor. In typical mechanical scan heads, of the type heretofore used, the motor drive means is in a dry ambient whereas the ultrasound transducer is typically immersed in an acoustic coupling medium such as mineral oil.
problem which has heretofore existed with mechanical scan heads, especially those which require a plurality of transducers, is what -they ~;~ so , I
Wesley are very expensive to manufacture due to the critical aliqnn1ent of the various parts from which they are made. In addition, there has always been a problem with the seals between the dry portion of S the skinned, in which the motor is located, and the wet portion of the skinned in which the transducer is located. Heretofore, there has also been a problem with determining the exact position of the ultrasound transducer to a high degree of lo accuracy when the encoder was mounted on the motor shaft. This has required that very accurate, and expensive, precision gearing be used to connect the skinned to the motor. As a result of the use of both a wetted area and a dry area and the use of precision gears, mechanical scan heads have typically been rather large when compared to phased array transducers. The excessive size of mechanical scan heads has made them somewhat unwieldy to use in some applications.
20 Consequently, a less expensive, more reliable, and smaller mechanical skinned would be highly desirable.
.
The present invention it an improved I mechanical ultrasound skinned. the skinned includes a sealed housing with a rotor mounted in it. The rotor has at least one ultrasound transducer mounted on it, and the housing contains an ultrasound coupling fluid. The improvement in the present invention is that the motor is mounted in the sealed housing, and the motor is coupled to the rotor by means of a drive belt rather than through precision gearing. An encoder disk, mounter on the rotor, is Used in conjunction with feedback electronics to control the speed of the rotor, whereby said motor is fully wetted by the ultrasound coupling fluid.
Brief Do he Drawings FIG. 1 is a top cross-sectional view of the ultrasound skinned of the present invention;
FIG. is a side cross-sectional it of the skinned of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention taken along the lines 3-3 of Fig. 2;
FIG. 4 is a rear crosc-sectional view of the present invention taken along the lines I of Fig.
~13 FULLY WETTED MECHANICAL ULTRASOUND SKYE
The present invention relates to mechanical scan heads. In particular, it relates to a mechanical skinned of the type used in medical electronic diagnostic ultrasound equipment Ultrasound is a no invasive technique for generating image scans of interior body organs. As is well known in the art, there are a variety of types of ultrasound transducers. These include elongated transducers, such as phased array transducers and linear array transducers which are fully electronic in beam forming and directing, and various types of spherical transducers and annular arrays, which are typically scanned mechanically.
Mechanical scan heads typically utilize two techniques for generating sector scans. The first technique, which requires a plurality of transducers, is the rotating skinned unit, in which the various transducers are rotated through 360 degrees and are turned on in succession ox a sector which corresponds to the sector being scanned. The second type of mechanical skinned is an oscillating skinned, sometimes called a "wobbler". In either type of mechanical skinned, drive means, such as a motor, must be connected to the transducer in order to impart mechanical movement to the rotor. In typical mechanical scan heads, of the type heretofore used, the motor drive means is in a dry ambient whereas the ultrasound transducer is typically immersed in an acoustic coupling medium such as mineral oil.
problem which has heretofore existed with mechanical scan heads, especially those which require a plurality of transducers, is what -they ~;~ so , I
Wesley are very expensive to manufacture due to the critical aliqnn1ent of the various parts from which they are made. In addition, there has always been a problem with the seals between the dry portion of S the skinned, in which the motor is located, and the wet portion of the skinned in which the transducer is located. Heretofore, there has also been a problem with determining the exact position of the ultrasound transducer to a high degree of lo accuracy when the encoder was mounted on the motor shaft. This has required that very accurate, and expensive, precision gearing be used to connect the skinned to the motor. As a result of the use of both a wetted area and a dry area and the use of precision gears, mechanical scan heads have typically been rather large when compared to phased array transducers. The excessive size of mechanical scan heads has made them somewhat unwieldy to use in some applications.
20 Consequently, a less expensive, more reliable, and smaller mechanical skinned would be highly desirable.
.
The present invention it an improved I mechanical ultrasound skinned. the skinned includes a sealed housing with a rotor mounted in it. The rotor has at least one ultrasound transducer mounted on it, and the housing contains an ultrasound coupling fluid. The improvement in the present invention is that the motor is mounted in the sealed housing, and the motor is coupled to the rotor by means of a drive belt rather than through precision gearing. An encoder disk, mounter on the rotor, is Used in conjunction with feedback electronics to control the speed of the rotor, whereby said motor is fully wetted by the ultrasound coupling fluid.
Brief Do he Drawings FIG. 1 is a top cross-sectional view of the ultrasound skinned of the present invention;
FIG. is a side cross-sectional it of the skinned of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention taken along the lines 3-3 of Fig. 2;
FIG. 4 is a rear crosc-sectional view of the present invention taken along the lines I of Fig.
2; and FIG. 5 is a plan view of the decoder apparatus used in the present invention.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, cross sectional views of the fully wetted mechanical skinned 10 made in accordance with the present invention are shown. The skinned 10 comprises a rotor 12 which houses three transducers 140 these transdllcers 14 are spherical transducers which may have the same frequency or which may have mllltiple frequencies, as is well known in the art.
The transducers 14 are mounted on the rotor 12 which is connected via a drive belt 16 to an electric motor 18. Roth the motor 18 and the rotor I are mounted in close proximity to one another in a sealed housing 26 within the skinned 10. The use of the sealed housing 26, filled with an ultrasound coupling fluid, i.e., "a fully wetted region", represents a departure from the typical rotating squid which would separate the rotor prom the motor and would place the rotor in a wet environment and the motor in a dry environment.
I
WEBB
Also, the use of the drive belt 16, a non-precision item, means that the skinned lo is significantly less expensive to manufacture than a skinned having a conventional design which would require a precision gear and seal, of toe type heretofore used.
The reason that the skinned 10 is able to use a non-precision arrangement to drive the rotor 12 from the motor 18 it that the skinned 10 does not use an encoding device which mounted on the motor 18. In the present invention, however, an encoder disk 20 is mounted on the shaft of the rotor 12. Accordingly, feedback means which include LED's and the encoder disk 20, can accurately keep track of the precise position of the rotor 12. On the scan heads of the prior art, even those using precision gearing, the precise position of the rotor could only be determined inferentially. In the present invention, however, even though significantly less expensive means are used to move the rotor 12, the exact position of the rotor 12 can be determined. The specific encoder arrangmen~ which it used in the present invention is comprised of an encoder disk 20 having a series of reflective and non-reflective lines thereon. The lines are scanned by phototransmissive elements, Lids in the preferred embodiment, and reflections are picked up by photo receptive elements/ phototransistor in -the preferred embodiment. unique feature of the present invention is that the phototelements are mounted within the sealed housing containing the us trasound coupling fluid. Accordingly, the optical characteristics of the ultrasound coupling fluid must be accounted for by the encoder optics.
1231~31 WEBB
accordingly, the photo elements are mounted in close proximity to the encoder disk, and, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, no lenses are used on the photo elements.
Other features of the present invention which help to minimize manufacturing costs without sacrifice to reliability or performance, include the fully molded mounting base into which the rotor is fitted.
The particular motor 16 which is used in the preferred embodiment of the invention is a shaft mounted motor in which the casing rotates.
With continued reference to FIG. 2, the skinned 10 further comprises a sealing bulkhead 24 which separates the sealed housing 26 from the dry portions in the cavity I. Mounted on the bulkhead 24 is a bubble trap 30 which permits gas bubbles to rise through a funnel-like aperture 32 into a cavity 34. When the cavity 34 is filled with fluid to a point higher than the top 36 of the funnel-like aperture 32, bubbles trapped in the bubble trap 30 cannot escape. Periodically, yes is removed from the bubble trap 30 by injecting additional fluid through an opening 38 by removing a screw cap 40 (See FIG. 4).
As stated above, the encoding apparatus is comprised of a unit 42 (See FIG. S) on which the phototransistor and Lids are mounted in pairs at locations generally designated 44. The specific operation of the encoding apparatus is not relevant to the present invention other than to say that reflections of light from the Lids (not shown) off the encoding disk 20 provide a speed feedback mechanism for adjusting the speed of the motor 18, thereby adjusting thy speed of the rotor 12, I
WEBB
through external electronics (not shown). The external electronics use signals on a cable 44 which passes through the bulkhead 24 through a series of holes 46 form therein.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, cross sectional views of the fully wetted mechanical skinned 10 made in accordance with the present invention are shown. The skinned 10 comprises a rotor 12 which houses three transducers 140 these transdllcers 14 are spherical transducers which may have the same frequency or which may have mllltiple frequencies, as is well known in the art.
The transducers 14 are mounted on the rotor 12 which is connected via a drive belt 16 to an electric motor 18. Roth the motor 18 and the rotor I are mounted in close proximity to one another in a sealed housing 26 within the skinned 10. The use of the sealed housing 26, filled with an ultrasound coupling fluid, i.e., "a fully wetted region", represents a departure from the typical rotating squid which would separate the rotor prom the motor and would place the rotor in a wet environment and the motor in a dry environment.
I
WEBB
Also, the use of the drive belt 16, a non-precision item, means that the skinned lo is significantly less expensive to manufacture than a skinned having a conventional design which would require a precision gear and seal, of toe type heretofore used.
The reason that the skinned 10 is able to use a non-precision arrangement to drive the rotor 12 from the motor 18 it that the skinned 10 does not use an encoding device which mounted on the motor 18. In the present invention, however, an encoder disk 20 is mounted on the shaft of the rotor 12. Accordingly, feedback means which include LED's and the encoder disk 20, can accurately keep track of the precise position of the rotor 12. On the scan heads of the prior art, even those using precision gearing, the precise position of the rotor could only be determined inferentially. In the present invention, however, even though significantly less expensive means are used to move the rotor 12, the exact position of the rotor 12 can be determined. The specific encoder arrangmen~ which it used in the present invention is comprised of an encoder disk 20 having a series of reflective and non-reflective lines thereon. The lines are scanned by phototransmissive elements, Lids in the preferred embodiment, and reflections are picked up by photo receptive elements/ phototransistor in -the preferred embodiment. unique feature of the present invention is that the phototelements are mounted within the sealed housing containing the us trasound coupling fluid. Accordingly, the optical characteristics of the ultrasound coupling fluid must be accounted for by the encoder optics.
1231~31 WEBB
accordingly, the photo elements are mounted in close proximity to the encoder disk, and, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, no lenses are used on the photo elements.
Other features of the present invention which help to minimize manufacturing costs without sacrifice to reliability or performance, include the fully molded mounting base into which the rotor is fitted.
The particular motor 16 which is used in the preferred embodiment of the invention is a shaft mounted motor in which the casing rotates.
With continued reference to FIG. 2, the skinned 10 further comprises a sealing bulkhead 24 which separates the sealed housing 26 from the dry portions in the cavity I. Mounted on the bulkhead 24 is a bubble trap 30 which permits gas bubbles to rise through a funnel-like aperture 32 into a cavity 34. When the cavity 34 is filled with fluid to a point higher than the top 36 of the funnel-like aperture 32, bubbles trapped in the bubble trap 30 cannot escape. Periodically, yes is removed from the bubble trap 30 by injecting additional fluid through an opening 38 by removing a screw cap 40 (See FIG. 4).
As stated above, the encoding apparatus is comprised of a unit 42 (See FIG. S) on which the phototransistor and Lids are mounted in pairs at locations generally designated 44. The specific operation of the encoding apparatus is not relevant to the present invention other than to say that reflections of light from the Lids (not shown) off the encoding disk 20 provide a speed feedback mechanism for adjusting the speed of the motor 18, thereby adjusting thy speed of the rotor 12, I
WEBB
through external electronics (not shown). The external electronics use signals on a cable 44 which passes through the bulkhead 24 through a series of holes 46 form therein.
Claims (8)
1. An improved mechanical ultrasound scanhead having a sealed housing, a rotor mounted in said sealed housing, said rotor having at least one ultrasound transducer mounted thereon, and said housing containing an ultrasound coupling fluid, wherein the improvement comprises:
(a) a motor mounted in said sealed housing, said motor being coupled to said rotor by means of a drive belt; and (b) means, on said rotor, for controlling the speed of said rotor, whereby said motor is fully wetted by said ultrasound coupling fluid.
(a) a motor mounted in said sealed housing, said motor being coupled to said rotor by means of a drive belt; and (b) means, on said rotor, for controlling the speed of said rotor, whereby said motor is fully wetted by said ultrasound coupling fluid.
2. The improved mechanical ultrasound scanhead of Claim 1 wherein said motor is a shaft mounted DC motor.
3. The improved mechanical ultrasound scanhead of Claim 2 wherein said means, on said rotor, for controlling the speed of said motor comprises an encoder disk having reflective and non-reflective markings thereon.
4. The improved mechanical ultrasound scanhead of Claim 3 further comprising means for sensing the presence of said reflective and non reflective markings on said encoder disk.
5. The improved mechanical ultrasound scanhead of Claim 4 wherein said means for sensing the presence of said reflective and non reflective markings on said encoder disk comprises a series of phototransmissive and photoreceptive elements.
6. The improved mechanical ultrasound scanhead of Claim 5 wherein said phototransmissive and photoreceptive elements are comprised of LEDs and phototransistors, respectively.
7. The improved mechanical ultrasound scanhead of Claim 6 wherein said LEDs and phototransistors are mounted within said sealed housing.
8. The improved mechanical ultrasound scanhead of Claim 7 wherein the optical properties of said ultrasound coupling fluid are used, in lieu of lenses, between said LEDs and phototransistors, and said encoder disk.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/595,888 US4567895A (en) | 1984-04-02 | 1984-04-02 | Fully wetted mechanical ultrasound scanhead |
| US595,888 | 1990-10-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1231431A true CA1231431A (en) | 1988-01-12 |
Family
ID=24385125
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000477726A Expired CA1231431A (en) | 1984-04-02 | 1985-03-28 | Fully wetted mechanical ultrasound scanhead |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4567895A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0157408A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0728863B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1231431A (en) |
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| US9452302B2 (en) | 2011-07-10 | 2016-09-27 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Systems and methods for accelerating healing of implanted material and/or native tissue |
| KR20140047709A (en) | 2011-07-11 | 2014-04-22 | 가이디드 테라피 시스템스, 엘.엘.씨. | Systems and methods for coupling an ultrasound source to tissue |
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| KR102593310B1 (en) | 2016-08-16 | 2023-10-25 | 얼테라, 인크 | Ultrasound imaging system configured to reduce imaging misalignment, ultrasound imaging module, and method for reducing imaging misalignment |
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| WO2019167563A1 (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2019-09-06 | 古野電気株式会社 | Underwater detection device and underwater detection method |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3964296A (en) * | 1975-06-03 | 1976-06-22 | Terrance Matzuk | Integrated ultrasonic scanning apparatus |
| DE2534974B1 (en) * | 1975-08-05 | 1976-05-26 | Siemens Ag | ULTRASONIC IMAGE DEVICE WORKING IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PULSE ECHO PROCESS |
| US4034744A (en) * | 1975-11-13 | 1977-07-12 | Smith Kline Instruments, Inc. | Ultrasonic scanning system with video recorder |
| US4037157A (en) * | 1976-04-05 | 1977-07-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Electro-optical speed transducer |
| US4149419A (en) * | 1977-11-25 | 1979-04-17 | Smith Kline Instruments, Inc. | Ultrasonic transducer probe |
| US4231373A (en) * | 1978-07-18 | 1980-11-04 | Diasonics | Ultrasonic imaging apparatus |
| US4224515A (en) * | 1978-10-27 | 1980-09-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | High accuracy optical shaft encoder system |
| US4269066A (en) * | 1979-08-16 | 1981-05-26 | Fischer Christopher L | Ultrasonic sensing apparatus |
| US4418698A (en) * | 1980-07-29 | 1983-12-06 | Jacques Dory | Ultrasonic scanning probe with mechanical sector scanning means |
| JPS57188248A (en) * | 1981-05-14 | 1982-11-19 | Terumo Corp | Ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus |
-
1984
- 1984-04-02 US US06/595,888 patent/US4567895A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1985
- 1985-03-28 CA CA000477726A patent/CA1231431A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-04-01 JP JP60069884A patent/JPH0728863B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-04-01 EP EP85103945A patent/EP0157408A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60225545A (en) | 1985-11-09 |
| US4567895A (en) | 1986-02-04 |
| EP0157408A3 (en) | 1986-01-08 |
| EP0157408A2 (en) | 1985-10-09 |
| JPH0728863B2 (en) | 1995-04-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20050328 |