CA1251705A - Radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus and method - Google Patents
Radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus and methodInfo
- Publication number
- CA1251705A CA1251705A CA000474610A CA474610A CA1251705A CA 1251705 A CA1251705 A CA 1251705A CA 000474610 A CA000474610 A CA 000474610A CA 474610 A CA474610 A CA 474610A CA 1251705 A CA1251705 A CA 1251705A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- nebulizer
- container
- aerosol
- radioactive
- conduit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/02—Inhalators with activated or ionised fluids, e.g. electrohydrodynamic [EHD] or electrostatic devices; Ozone-inhalators with radioactive tagged particles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
- A61M16/0063—Compressors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
- A61M16/0816—Joints or connectors
- A61M16/0833—T- or Y-type connectors, e.g. Y-piece
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus includes a lead-shielded container, having a lid or cover, and a disposable aerosol inhalation device for use in producing properly sized radioactive tagged particles. The disposable device includes a mouthpiece attached to a wye connector containing a valving system for inhalation of the radioactive aerosol and exhalation to an entrapping filter. Conduits are respectively provided by flexible tubing from a nebulizer and to the filter. The optimum range of particle sizes is generated by producing an aerosol in the nebulizer which has-an internal baffle. For ease of handling and to minimize radiation exposures, an entry is provided to add radioactive solution directly into the baffled nebulizer. A method involves using the apparatus to supply an aerosol containing radioactive tagged particles to a subject or patient for treatment and/or diagnosis.
A radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus includes a lead-shielded container, having a lid or cover, and a disposable aerosol inhalation device for use in producing properly sized radioactive tagged particles. The disposable device includes a mouthpiece attached to a wye connector containing a valving system for inhalation of the radioactive aerosol and exhalation to an entrapping filter. Conduits are respectively provided by flexible tubing from a nebulizer and to the filter. The optimum range of particle sizes is generated by producing an aerosol in the nebulizer which has-an internal baffle. For ease of handling and to minimize radiation exposures, an entry is provided to add radioactive solution directly into the baffled nebulizer. A method involves using the apparatus to supply an aerosol containing radioactive tagged particles to a subject or patient for treatment and/or diagnosis.
Description
7~
RADIOACTIVE A:E:R050L INUALATION APPARATUS AND ME:THOD
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus which includes a disposable pulmonary inhalation device which is comprised of a means to generate properly ~ized radioactive particles for subsequent inhalation.
For various types of diagnostic testing and treating, it i~ necessary to have patients inhale radioactive materials in order, for example, to perform ventilation studies of the lung. In addition, it is well known that the hospital staff who handle radioactive materials need protection ag~inst the problems associated with ionizing radiation exposure; this apparatus provides for adequate shielding to meet this requirement. For flexibility, the apparatus is portable, the devi~e is disposable, and the a~paratus is inexpensive. The apparatus provides the capability to easily and safely add the . radioactive solutio~ t~ ~ ulizer, for aerosolizing the radioa~tive ~olu~i~n t~ ~he proper particle ~ize, and to collect the radioactive particles in a properly shielded filter.
7~
This device fDr administering--a radioactive-a~rosol is an improvement over existing modalities in that the radiation dose to the patient is less, the probability of radioactive contamination within the hospital room, as compared to other methods is diminished, and the flexibility to obtain images of various anatomical positions of the patient is increased.
Relevant prior art United States Letters Patents are:
Patent No. Inventor(s) Date Issued 3,097,645 Lester Jul. 16, 1963 10 3,172~406 Bird et al,Mar. 9, 1965 3,243,100 Adams Mar. 29, 1966 3,666,955 Suprenant et al. May 30, 1972 3,695,254 Blum Oct. 3, 1973 3,762,409 Lester Oct. 2, 1973 15 3,769,967 Jones el al.Mov. 6, 1973 3,777,742 Aumiller et al.Dec. 11, 1973 3,881,463 Le Mon May 6, 1975 3,976,050 Glasser et al.Aug. 24, 1978 4,116,387 Kremer, Jr. et al. Sep. 26, 1978.
SUMMARY O~' THE INVENTXON
. _ __ _ ~ he present invention relates to a new and improved aerosol inhalation apparatus which generates properly sized radioactive particles for p~rforming ventilation studies of the lungs. A radioactive solution is added to a baffled nebu~izer and he solution aerosolized using ai~ or oxygen. The aeroso~ ized radioactive particles are then breathed int~ the lungs and data for assessing lung function may be rec~r~e~ ~y m~ans of a radiation particle q~
counting device such as a scintillation camera and associated software. The radioactive aerosol is administered to the patient through a mouth-piece or face mask via a conduit of valved flexible tubing, the valving being in close proximity to the mouthpiece to minimize the volume of the passages from the valve head to the mouthpiece.
It is, therefore, a principal object of the present invention to provide an apparatus which includes a disposable radioactive aerosol inhalation device capable of allowing pulmonary ventilation tests that deliver proper-sized particles to lung areas, controlled delivery and recovery of radioactive aerosolized particles and shielding to minimize exposure of personnel to problems associated with ionizing radiation.
Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus that incorporates a valve which is activated during the breathing cycle of the patient or subject to assist in permitting the individual to inhale with the minimum of effort during the generation of radioactive aerosol from within the system.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a shielded portal to permit the safe and rapid addition of radioactive solution into the baffled nebulizer. The injection site is through a valve diaphragm which is positioned at an approximate 45 degree angle from the top of the baffled nebulizer.
~. ~25~70X
A still further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of the character described which will minimize the radiation exposure to the patient or ~ubject and the technician administerin~ ~he diagnostic test or treatment.
Adequate shielding in the form of lead surrounds the baffled nebulizer and the entrapping filter, reducing the problems associated with exposures to ionizing radiation.
Another object o~ the invention i~ tv provide an apparatus of the character dessribed in which images or pictures from various anatomical p~itions can be taken further increasing the usefulness of this diagnostic method of evaluating disease of the bronchu~, the bronchioles, and the alveolar sites of the lung.
A further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of the character described which will cause to reduce the radioactive contamination of the facilities, the equipment, and most importantly, the attending medical personnel.
In one aspect the present invention can be ~een as being an aerosol inhalation apparatus for supplying an aerosol mist containing radioactivQ tagged particles to a ~, subject. The apparatus includes a reusable lead-shielded container having lid mea~s, whereby the content~ of the container are readily accessible. The apparatus also 7~
includes a disposable radioactive aerosol inhalation device, the device including first and second conduit means in the container and passing therethrough. Mouthpiece means are connected to the first and second conduit means externally of the container. Valve means are provided for controlling inhalation from the first conduit means and exhalation to the second conduit means, respectively. A nebulizer is positioned within the container and connected to the ~irst conduit means. Means positioned at least in part within the container and in fluid communication with the nebulizer are for provided for allowing introduction of radioactive solution from outside the container into the nebulizer.
Means associated with the nebulizer are provided for effectively generating an aerosolized mist carrying airborne radioactive tagged particles. Means are provided for introducing a mixture of air and the mist into the first conduit means. Entrapping filter means is provided in the container and connected to the second conduit means for removing the aerosol exhaled. The containex may be reused and the device may be discarded after each use.
The invention, somewhat more specifically, can be seen as an aerosol inhalation apparatus for supplying an aerosol mist containing xadioactive tagged particles and air and/or oxygen to a subject. The apparatus includes a reusable lead-shielded container having lid means, whereby the contents of the container are readily accessible. The apparatus also includes a disposable radioactive aerosol inhalation device, the device including first and second conduit means in the container and passing therethrough.
Mouthpiece means are connected to the first and second conduit means externally of the container. Valve means are provided for controlling inhalation from the first conduit means and exhalation to the second conduit means, respectively. A nebulizer is positioned within the container and connected to the first conduit means. Means positioned at least in part within the container and in fluid communication with the nebulizer are provided for allowing introduction of radioactive solution from outside the container into the nebulizer~ Means in fluid communication with a source of air and/or oxygen and with said nebulizer are provided for generating an aerosolized mist carrying airborne radioactive tagged particles. Means are included for introducing a mixture of air and/or oxygen, and the mist into the first conduit means. Entrapping filter means is provided in the container and connected to the second conduit means for removing the aerosol exhaled.
The container may be reused and the device may be discarded after each use.
The means carried by the container for allowing introduction of a radioactive solution into the nebulizer in a realized embodiment includes a one way valve means in fluid communication with the nebulizer and with the first conduit means for permitting entry of ambient gas or atmospheric air into the nebulizer and into the first conduit means.
~L~5~7~
The one way valve means desirably includes an observable movable member to permit observation of inhalation frequency of subject.
The movable member may be constituted by a diaphragm of a one-way valve.
The means for allowing introduction of a radioacti~e solution is preferably an angulated valve part allowing a needle to extend into the container at an angle with respect to vertical to minimize exposure to radiation.
The apparatus has a settling baffle in the nebulizer to generate properly sized aerosol particles of less than substantially two microns.
The nebulizer desirably includes a diffuser and gas orifice, the settling baffle being positioned above the diffuser and the gas orifice for permitting aerosol particles larger than substantially two microns to remain in the nebulizer.
From a different viewpoint, the invention can be seen as an aerosol inhalation apparatus for supplyin~ an aerosol mist containing radioact~ve charged particles to a subject.
The apparatus includes a reusable generally cylindrical walled container having a closed bottom and an open top.
Lead shielding means are provided within the wall and bottom of the container. The container has first, second and third openings formed therein, respectively, these openings are at the top portion of the container and are circumferentially spaced from each other. Lead shielded lid means covers the container portion top. A disposable pulmonary inhalation device, including nebulizing means, are positioned within the container. Entrapping filter means is provided within the container. Means received in the first of the openings includes a conduit connected to the nebulizer means for introducing a radioactive liquid into the nebulizer means.
Means associa~ed with the nebulizer means are provided for generating an aerosolized mist having a plurality o~
radioactive tagged particles. Inhalation conduit means is received in the second of the openings and is connected to the nebulizer means. Exhalation conduit means is received in the third of the openings and is connected to the filter means. The container may be reused and the device may be discarded after each use.
Somewhat more specifically, the invention can be viewed as an aerosol inhalation apparatus for supplying an aerosol mist containing radioactive charged particles and air and/or oxygen to a subject. The apparatus includes a reusable generally cylindrical walled container having a closed bottom and an open top. Lead shielding means are provided within the wall and bottom of the container. The container has first, second and third openings formed therein, respectively, these openings being at the top portion of the container and being circumferentially spaced from each other. Lead shielded lid means are provided on the top portion of the container, a disposable pulmonary inhalation device which includes nebulizing means is positioned within 7~
g the container. Entrapping filter means is provided within the containerO Means received in the first of the openings includes a conduit connected to the nebulizer means for introducing a radioactive liquid into the nebulizer means.
Means associated with the nebulizer means are provided for generating an aerosolized mist having a plurality of radioactive tagged particles. Inhalation conduit means is received in the second of the openings and is connected to a source of air and/or oxygen and to the nebulizer means for receiving a mixture of air and/or oxygen and the mist.
Exhalation conduit means is received in the third of the openings and is connected to the filter means. The container may be reused and the device may be discarded after each use.
The first, second and third openings are realized as respective slots extending downwardly from the top edge of the container.
In its apparatus aspect, the invention can be seen as an aerosol inhalation device for supplying an aerosol mist to a subject. The device includes a first and second conduit means, mouthpiece means connected to the first and second conduit means, and valve means for controlling inhalation from said first conduit means and exhalation to the second conduit means, respectively. A nebulizer coupled to said first conduit means is provided. Means in fluid communication with the nebulizer allows introduction of liquid into the nebuli2er. Means associated with said 7{~
nebulizer generate an aerosolized mist carryiny airborne particles. ~leans are present for introducing a mixture of - -~ir and t~ ~18t into the irst ondult mean~.
~5~
Other features and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEl? llE5CRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
~ Fig. 1 is an elevational diagramatic perspective view of the aerosol inhalation apparatus constructPd in accordance with the present in~ention.
Fig. 2 is a fragmentary perspective diagramatic view of a portion of the apparatus of Fig. 1 illustrating the angulated wye and valve through which radioactive solution is addeZ to the baffled nebulizer.
Fig. 3 is a fragmentary perspective diagramatic view of a portion of the apparatus of Fig. 1 illustrating the modified nebulizer with its internal baffle.
7~
Fig~ 4 is a fragmentary perspective diagramatic view of an apparatus which includes a portion of the apparatus of Fig. 1 illustrating the shielded container for the nebulizer and the entrapping filter.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EM~ODIMENT
. . _ . . _ . ~
Referring to Fig. 1, there is shown a disposable aerosol inhalation device for use in producing radioactive tagged particles in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. A patient a subject ~not shown) breathes through a mouthpiece 12 having flanges 11 to permit a tight fit in the mouth. The mouthpiece 12 is attached to a tubular extension 10 of a wye 20 containing two one-way valves, inlet valve 22 to the device and exit valve 23 from the device. The valves 22 and 23 are positioned to effect the proper movement of radioactive particles through provided conduits 30 and 31. As shown in Fig. 1, when the patient inhales, the diaphragm 28 of the valve 23 opens and permits the radioactive particles to enter the mouthpiece 12 and ultimately to deposit in the lungs. During inhalation, diaphragm 21 of the valve 22 remains closed due to the pressure differential across the valve 22. At exhalation, the valve 23 closes and the valve 22 opens to permit the exhalant to pass the valve 22, travel through the conduit 30, and into an entrapping filter 40 (Fig. 4).
Fig 4 shows the operational technique as follows: The radiopharmaceutical liquid to be aerosolized is added to the 7~
system through the diaphragm 18 of the valve 24 contained in wye leg 27. The wye leg 27 protrudes through lead shielded container 50 at portal 25, a downwardly extending slot (opening) being provided on the sidewall of the container 50 for this purpose. The entrance portal 26 to the wye leg 27 is set at an angle to minimize direct radiation streaming from the solution of radioactive liquid contained in baffled nebulizer 60 within the container 50 when the apparatus is in operation. The injected radioactive solution deposits in the baffled nebulizer 60 at approximate level 69. Oxygen or air from a tank ~not shown) is directed into the system at approximately 10 liters per minute via a flexible tube 63 which is connected from the tank to the bottom of the nebulizer 60 via tubular stem 62. The oxygen or air mixes with the radioactive solution to form airborne particles.
The airborne particles then pass through the conduit 31, through the valve 23, and into the lungs or a subject or patient. The exhaled air including aerosol passes through the valve 22 to the conduit 30, and into a filter 40 via a tubular extension 32, and the aerosol becomes entrapped in the filter 40. The patient breathes the aerosolized radioactive particles until enou~h radiation from the of the subject or patient lunys is externally detected by sensing with radioactive detectors. The filter 40 may be a conventional disposable conductive anesthesia bacteria filter; one example of such a filter sold under stock number 225-2615-700 by Ohio Medical Products, a well known American company.
7~1~
Fig. 2 illustrates entry port the 26 for the radioactive solution that enters the baffled nebulizer 60.
The radioactive solution to be aerosolized is carried to entry port 26 in a shielded syringe to minimize radiation exposures to the administering technician and subject or patient (not shown)~ The entry port 26 and wye leg 27, shown in Fig. 4 protrude from side of the lead-shielded container 50 (Fig. 4) at an approximate angle of forty-five degrees. The angulation of the entry port 26 reduces the amount of radiation exposure to the administering technician due to streaming, once the radioactive solution has entered the nebuli~er system. The solution enters the system through the diaphragm 18 of the valve 24. The needle of the syringe containing radioactive solution ~not shown) pushes the diaphragm 18 aside and while the orifice of the needle (not shown) protrudes past the diaphragm, the radioactive solution is injected into the nebulizer system. Check valve 24 is approximately 22 millimeters in diameter. To ease breathing of the subject or patient, the valve 24 also acts as an inlet valve in that each time the subject or patient inhales, he receives a portion of air from the atmosphere or other ambient; for example, an oxygen ambient provided within an oxygen tent or the like. In addition, the valve 24 acts as monitor to the breathing function of the subject or patient. The administering technician observes movement of the valve diaphragm 18 each time the subject or patient inhales to insure he is breathing normally.
L7~
Fig. 3 illustrates the nebulizer 60 fitted with an elongated conical baffle that permits proper sized radioactive particles to enter the lungs of a subject or patient. Oxygen enters the nebulizer 60 through a stem 62.
The oxygen gas passes through a nozzle assembly 72 extending into the container 50. The nozzle assembly 72 includes gas nozzle 64 and a coaxial solution nozzle 71 with approxi-mately perpendicular positioned orifices. Extending above the nozzle assembly is an elongated conical settling baffle 65 formed of plastic and having a volume of approximately three cubic centimeters. The settling baffle 65 reduces hyperdeposition of large particles typically greater than two microns from entering the lungs of the subject or patient. The aerosolized radioactive particles enter the baffle area at the diffuser orifice of the gas nozzel 64 and through sedimentation, impaction and turbulence within the baffle 65, particles greater than two microns settle to the interior bottom portion 68 of the nebulizer 60 and particles typically less than two microns enter conduit 73 (Figs. 2,4) above the nebulizer and are inhaled by the subject or patient (not shown).
The top of the conical baffle 65 has a symmetrical opening 67 of approximately three millimeters in diameter that permits entry of conduit tubing 66 which carries radioactive solution from the nebulizer reservoir to the orifice 71. The radioactive solution exiting the orificP 71 mixes with incoming oxygen and is aerosolized through the 7~
orifice-diffuser arrangement which includes a dif~user 74.
The particles are properly sizea while engaginy in turbulent action within the baffle 65.
Fig. 4 illustrates the lead-shielded container 50 which houses the entrapping filter ~0, the baffled nebulizer 60 and a supporting insert 52. The container 50 has an approximate volume of three liters and consists of outer plastic laminate 53 and lead shielding 51 laminated together and comprising average thicknesses of two to four millimeters. The lead shielding 51 is necessary to minimize radiation exposure to the administering technician and subject or patient during the ventilation treatments or studies of the lung~ The plastic or equivalent material insert 52 sets the entrapping filter 40 in a fixed position, using filter portion 41 as a seat. The baffled nebulizer 60 is seated in similar fashion, using reservoir bottom end portions and the stem 62 thereof. Slots or openings 29 and 33 of approximately 25 millimeters in width or diameter are made through the shielded container 50 to allow the conduits 20 30 ànd 31 and the oxygen tube 63 to exit the container 50 and to be easily removed therefrom. The additional slot 25 of approximately five millimeters width is made through the container 50 exposing an entry port or injection site for the radioactive solution. The angle of the slot or opening 25 with respect to the horizontal is gon and is made to minimize radiation streaming from the shielded container 50.
L7~,3 -,~
r.
~ 17 ~
A cap or lid 54 constructed of plastic laminate 55 and lead shieldin~ 56 lamina~ed together are of the previously described thickness of the plastic laminate 53 and the lead shielding 51. The cap or lid 54 is removable to permit easy access and exit of the disposable portions of the apparatus at comm~ncement and termination of the tre tment or diagnostic proceduxes.
From the foregoing it will be ~een that the pulmonary inhalation apparatus of the present invention provides for a disposable aerosol inhalation device that generates properly sized radioactive particles having provisions for proper valving, proper nondisposable shielding, and ease of operation. Further, the invention in its apparatus aspect has been described with reference to a particular embodiment, but it will be appreciated that variations within the spirit and scope of the inven~ion will occur to those skilled in the art. For example, in Fig. 4, the oxygen tubing 63 could exit from another port in the container 50.
RADIOACTIVE A:E:R050L INUALATION APPARATUS AND ME:THOD
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus which includes a disposable pulmonary inhalation device which is comprised of a means to generate properly ~ized radioactive particles for subsequent inhalation.
For various types of diagnostic testing and treating, it i~ necessary to have patients inhale radioactive materials in order, for example, to perform ventilation studies of the lung. In addition, it is well known that the hospital staff who handle radioactive materials need protection ag~inst the problems associated with ionizing radiation exposure; this apparatus provides for adequate shielding to meet this requirement. For flexibility, the apparatus is portable, the devi~e is disposable, and the a~paratus is inexpensive. The apparatus provides the capability to easily and safely add the . radioactive solutio~ t~ ~ ulizer, for aerosolizing the radioa~tive ~olu~i~n t~ ~he proper particle ~ize, and to collect the radioactive particles in a properly shielded filter.
7~
This device fDr administering--a radioactive-a~rosol is an improvement over existing modalities in that the radiation dose to the patient is less, the probability of radioactive contamination within the hospital room, as compared to other methods is diminished, and the flexibility to obtain images of various anatomical positions of the patient is increased.
Relevant prior art United States Letters Patents are:
Patent No. Inventor(s) Date Issued 3,097,645 Lester Jul. 16, 1963 10 3,172~406 Bird et al,Mar. 9, 1965 3,243,100 Adams Mar. 29, 1966 3,666,955 Suprenant et al. May 30, 1972 3,695,254 Blum Oct. 3, 1973 3,762,409 Lester Oct. 2, 1973 15 3,769,967 Jones el al.Mov. 6, 1973 3,777,742 Aumiller et al.Dec. 11, 1973 3,881,463 Le Mon May 6, 1975 3,976,050 Glasser et al.Aug. 24, 1978 4,116,387 Kremer, Jr. et al. Sep. 26, 1978.
SUMMARY O~' THE INVENTXON
. _ __ _ ~ he present invention relates to a new and improved aerosol inhalation apparatus which generates properly sized radioactive particles for p~rforming ventilation studies of the lungs. A radioactive solution is added to a baffled nebu~izer and he solution aerosolized using ai~ or oxygen. The aeroso~ ized radioactive particles are then breathed int~ the lungs and data for assessing lung function may be rec~r~e~ ~y m~ans of a radiation particle q~
counting device such as a scintillation camera and associated software. The radioactive aerosol is administered to the patient through a mouth-piece or face mask via a conduit of valved flexible tubing, the valving being in close proximity to the mouthpiece to minimize the volume of the passages from the valve head to the mouthpiece.
It is, therefore, a principal object of the present invention to provide an apparatus which includes a disposable radioactive aerosol inhalation device capable of allowing pulmonary ventilation tests that deliver proper-sized particles to lung areas, controlled delivery and recovery of radioactive aerosolized particles and shielding to minimize exposure of personnel to problems associated with ionizing radiation.
Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus that incorporates a valve which is activated during the breathing cycle of the patient or subject to assist in permitting the individual to inhale with the minimum of effort during the generation of radioactive aerosol from within the system.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a shielded portal to permit the safe and rapid addition of radioactive solution into the baffled nebulizer. The injection site is through a valve diaphragm which is positioned at an approximate 45 degree angle from the top of the baffled nebulizer.
~. ~25~70X
A still further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of the character described which will minimize the radiation exposure to the patient or ~ubject and the technician administerin~ ~he diagnostic test or treatment.
Adequate shielding in the form of lead surrounds the baffled nebulizer and the entrapping filter, reducing the problems associated with exposures to ionizing radiation.
Another object o~ the invention i~ tv provide an apparatus of the character dessribed in which images or pictures from various anatomical p~itions can be taken further increasing the usefulness of this diagnostic method of evaluating disease of the bronchu~, the bronchioles, and the alveolar sites of the lung.
A further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of the character described which will cause to reduce the radioactive contamination of the facilities, the equipment, and most importantly, the attending medical personnel.
In one aspect the present invention can be ~een as being an aerosol inhalation apparatus for supplying an aerosol mist containing radioactivQ tagged particles to a ~, subject. The apparatus includes a reusable lead-shielded container having lid mea~s, whereby the content~ of the container are readily accessible. The apparatus also 7~
includes a disposable radioactive aerosol inhalation device, the device including first and second conduit means in the container and passing therethrough. Mouthpiece means are connected to the first and second conduit means externally of the container. Valve means are provided for controlling inhalation from the first conduit means and exhalation to the second conduit means, respectively. A nebulizer is positioned within the container and connected to the ~irst conduit means. Means positioned at least in part within the container and in fluid communication with the nebulizer are for provided for allowing introduction of radioactive solution from outside the container into the nebulizer.
Means associated with the nebulizer are provided for effectively generating an aerosolized mist carrying airborne radioactive tagged particles. Means are provided for introducing a mixture of air and the mist into the first conduit means. Entrapping filter means is provided in the container and connected to the second conduit means for removing the aerosol exhaled. The containex may be reused and the device may be discarded after each use.
The invention, somewhat more specifically, can be seen as an aerosol inhalation apparatus for supplying an aerosol mist containing xadioactive tagged particles and air and/or oxygen to a subject. The apparatus includes a reusable lead-shielded container having lid means, whereby the contents of the container are readily accessible. The apparatus also includes a disposable radioactive aerosol inhalation device, the device including first and second conduit means in the container and passing therethrough.
Mouthpiece means are connected to the first and second conduit means externally of the container. Valve means are provided for controlling inhalation from the first conduit means and exhalation to the second conduit means, respectively. A nebulizer is positioned within the container and connected to the first conduit means. Means positioned at least in part within the container and in fluid communication with the nebulizer are provided for allowing introduction of radioactive solution from outside the container into the nebulizer~ Means in fluid communication with a source of air and/or oxygen and with said nebulizer are provided for generating an aerosolized mist carrying airborne radioactive tagged particles. Means are included for introducing a mixture of air and/or oxygen, and the mist into the first conduit means. Entrapping filter means is provided in the container and connected to the second conduit means for removing the aerosol exhaled.
The container may be reused and the device may be discarded after each use.
The means carried by the container for allowing introduction of a radioactive solution into the nebulizer in a realized embodiment includes a one way valve means in fluid communication with the nebulizer and with the first conduit means for permitting entry of ambient gas or atmospheric air into the nebulizer and into the first conduit means.
~L~5~7~
The one way valve means desirably includes an observable movable member to permit observation of inhalation frequency of subject.
The movable member may be constituted by a diaphragm of a one-way valve.
The means for allowing introduction of a radioacti~e solution is preferably an angulated valve part allowing a needle to extend into the container at an angle with respect to vertical to minimize exposure to radiation.
The apparatus has a settling baffle in the nebulizer to generate properly sized aerosol particles of less than substantially two microns.
The nebulizer desirably includes a diffuser and gas orifice, the settling baffle being positioned above the diffuser and the gas orifice for permitting aerosol particles larger than substantially two microns to remain in the nebulizer.
From a different viewpoint, the invention can be seen as an aerosol inhalation apparatus for supplyin~ an aerosol mist containing radioact~ve charged particles to a subject.
The apparatus includes a reusable generally cylindrical walled container having a closed bottom and an open top.
Lead shielding means are provided within the wall and bottom of the container. The container has first, second and third openings formed therein, respectively, these openings are at the top portion of the container and are circumferentially spaced from each other. Lead shielded lid means covers the container portion top. A disposable pulmonary inhalation device, including nebulizing means, are positioned within the container. Entrapping filter means is provided within the container. Means received in the first of the openings includes a conduit connected to the nebulizer means for introducing a radioactive liquid into the nebulizer means.
Means associa~ed with the nebulizer means are provided for generating an aerosolized mist having a plurality o~
radioactive tagged particles. Inhalation conduit means is received in the second of the openings and is connected to the nebulizer means. Exhalation conduit means is received in the third of the openings and is connected to the filter means. The container may be reused and the device may be discarded after each use.
Somewhat more specifically, the invention can be viewed as an aerosol inhalation apparatus for supplying an aerosol mist containing radioactive charged particles and air and/or oxygen to a subject. The apparatus includes a reusable generally cylindrical walled container having a closed bottom and an open top. Lead shielding means are provided within the wall and bottom of the container. The container has first, second and third openings formed therein, respectively, these openings being at the top portion of the container and being circumferentially spaced from each other. Lead shielded lid means are provided on the top portion of the container, a disposable pulmonary inhalation device which includes nebulizing means is positioned within 7~
g the container. Entrapping filter means is provided within the containerO Means received in the first of the openings includes a conduit connected to the nebulizer means for introducing a radioactive liquid into the nebulizer means.
Means associated with the nebulizer means are provided for generating an aerosolized mist having a plurality of radioactive tagged particles. Inhalation conduit means is received in the second of the openings and is connected to a source of air and/or oxygen and to the nebulizer means for receiving a mixture of air and/or oxygen and the mist.
Exhalation conduit means is received in the third of the openings and is connected to the filter means. The container may be reused and the device may be discarded after each use.
The first, second and third openings are realized as respective slots extending downwardly from the top edge of the container.
In its apparatus aspect, the invention can be seen as an aerosol inhalation device for supplying an aerosol mist to a subject. The device includes a first and second conduit means, mouthpiece means connected to the first and second conduit means, and valve means for controlling inhalation from said first conduit means and exhalation to the second conduit means, respectively. A nebulizer coupled to said first conduit means is provided. Means in fluid communication with the nebulizer allows introduction of liquid into the nebuli2er. Means associated with said 7{~
nebulizer generate an aerosolized mist carryiny airborne particles. ~leans are present for introducing a mixture of - -~ir and t~ ~18t into the irst ondult mean~.
~5~
Other features and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEl? llE5CRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
~ Fig. 1 is an elevational diagramatic perspective view of the aerosol inhalation apparatus constructPd in accordance with the present in~ention.
Fig. 2 is a fragmentary perspective diagramatic view of a portion of the apparatus of Fig. 1 illustrating the angulated wye and valve through which radioactive solution is addeZ to the baffled nebulizer.
Fig. 3 is a fragmentary perspective diagramatic view of a portion of the apparatus of Fig. 1 illustrating the modified nebulizer with its internal baffle.
7~
Fig~ 4 is a fragmentary perspective diagramatic view of an apparatus which includes a portion of the apparatus of Fig. 1 illustrating the shielded container for the nebulizer and the entrapping filter.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EM~ODIMENT
. . _ . . _ . ~
Referring to Fig. 1, there is shown a disposable aerosol inhalation device for use in producing radioactive tagged particles in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. A patient a subject ~not shown) breathes through a mouthpiece 12 having flanges 11 to permit a tight fit in the mouth. The mouthpiece 12 is attached to a tubular extension 10 of a wye 20 containing two one-way valves, inlet valve 22 to the device and exit valve 23 from the device. The valves 22 and 23 are positioned to effect the proper movement of radioactive particles through provided conduits 30 and 31. As shown in Fig. 1, when the patient inhales, the diaphragm 28 of the valve 23 opens and permits the radioactive particles to enter the mouthpiece 12 and ultimately to deposit in the lungs. During inhalation, diaphragm 21 of the valve 22 remains closed due to the pressure differential across the valve 22. At exhalation, the valve 23 closes and the valve 22 opens to permit the exhalant to pass the valve 22, travel through the conduit 30, and into an entrapping filter 40 (Fig. 4).
Fig 4 shows the operational technique as follows: The radiopharmaceutical liquid to be aerosolized is added to the 7~
system through the diaphragm 18 of the valve 24 contained in wye leg 27. The wye leg 27 protrudes through lead shielded container 50 at portal 25, a downwardly extending slot (opening) being provided on the sidewall of the container 50 for this purpose. The entrance portal 26 to the wye leg 27 is set at an angle to minimize direct radiation streaming from the solution of radioactive liquid contained in baffled nebulizer 60 within the container 50 when the apparatus is in operation. The injected radioactive solution deposits in the baffled nebulizer 60 at approximate level 69. Oxygen or air from a tank ~not shown) is directed into the system at approximately 10 liters per minute via a flexible tube 63 which is connected from the tank to the bottom of the nebulizer 60 via tubular stem 62. The oxygen or air mixes with the radioactive solution to form airborne particles.
The airborne particles then pass through the conduit 31, through the valve 23, and into the lungs or a subject or patient. The exhaled air including aerosol passes through the valve 22 to the conduit 30, and into a filter 40 via a tubular extension 32, and the aerosol becomes entrapped in the filter 40. The patient breathes the aerosolized radioactive particles until enou~h radiation from the of the subject or patient lunys is externally detected by sensing with radioactive detectors. The filter 40 may be a conventional disposable conductive anesthesia bacteria filter; one example of such a filter sold under stock number 225-2615-700 by Ohio Medical Products, a well known American company.
7~1~
Fig. 2 illustrates entry port the 26 for the radioactive solution that enters the baffled nebulizer 60.
The radioactive solution to be aerosolized is carried to entry port 26 in a shielded syringe to minimize radiation exposures to the administering technician and subject or patient (not shown)~ The entry port 26 and wye leg 27, shown in Fig. 4 protrude from side of the lead-shielded container 50 (Fig. 4) at an approximate angle of forty-five degrees. The angulation of the entry port 26 reduces the amount of radiation exposure to the administering technician due to streaming, once the radioactive solution has entered the nebuli~er system. The solution enters the system through the diaphragm 18 of the valve 24. The needle of the syringe containing radioactive solution ~not shown) pushes the diaphragm 18 aside and while the orifice of the needle (not shown) protrudes past the diaphragm, the radioactive solution is injected into the nebulizer system. Check valve 24 is approximately 22 millimeters in diameter. To ease breathing of the subject or patient, the valve 24 also acts as an inlet valve in that each time the subject or patient inhales, he receives a portion of air from the atmosphere or other ambient; for example, an oxygen ambient provided within an oxygen tent or the like. In addition, the valve 24 acts as monitor to the breathing function of the subject or patient. The administering technician observes movement of the valve diaphragm 18 each time the subject or patient inhales to insure he is breathing normally.
L7~
Fig. 3 illustrates the nebulizer 60 fitted with an elongated conical baffle that permits proper sized radioactive particles to enter the lungs of a subject or patient. Oxygen enters the nebulizer 60 through a stem 62.
The oxygen gas passes through a nozzle assembly 72 extending into the container 50. The nozzle assembly 72 includes gas nozzle 64 and a coaxial solution nozzle 71 with approxi-mately perpendicular positioned orifices. Extending above the nozzle assembly is an elongated conical settling baffle 65 formed of plastic and having a volume of approximately three cubic centimeters. The settling baffle 65 reduces hyperdeposition of large particles typically greater than two microns from entering the lungs of the subject or patient. The aerosolized radioactive particles enter the baffle area at the diffuser orifice of the gas nozzel 64 and through sedimentation, impaction and turbulence within the baffle 65, particles greater than two microns settle to the interior bottom portion 68 of the nebulizer 60 and particles typically less than two microns enter conduit 73 (Figs. 2,4) above the nebulizer and are inhaled by the subject or patient (not shown).
The top of the conical baffle 65 has a symmetrical opening 67 of approximately three millimeters in diameter that permits entry of conduit tubing 66 which carries radioactive solution from the nebulizer reservoir to the orifice 71. The radioactive solution exiting the orificP 71 mixes with incoming oxygen and is aerosolized through the 7~
orifice-diffuser arrangement which includes a dif~user 74.
The particles are properly sizea while engaginy in turbulent action within the baffle 65.
Fig. 4 illustrates the lead-shielded container 50 which houses the entrapping filter ~0, the baffled nebulizer 60 and a supporting insert 52. The container 50 has an approximate volume of three liters and consists of outer plastic laminate 53 and lead shielding 51 laminated together and comprising average thicknesses of two to four millimeters. The lead shielding 51 is necessary to minimize radiation exposure to the administering technician and subject or patient during the ventilation treatments or studies of the lung~ The plastic or equivalent material insert 52 sets the entrapping filter 40 in a fixed position, using filter portion 41 as a seat. The baffled nebulizer 60 is seated in similar fashion, using reservoir bottom end portions and the stem 62 thereof. Slots or openings 29 and 33 of approximately 25 millimeters in width or diameter are made through the shielded container 50 to allow the conduits 20 30 ànd 31 and the oxygen tube 63 to exit the container 50 and to be easily removed therefrom. The additional slot 25 of approximately five millimeters width is made through the container 50 exposing an entry port or injection site for the radioactive solution. The angle of the slot or opening 25 with respect to the horizontal is gon and is made to minimize radiation streaming from the shielded container 50.
L7~,3 -,~
r.
~ 17 ~
A cap or lid 54 constructed of plastic laminate 55 and lead shieldin~ 56 lamina~ed together are of the previously described thickness of the plastic laminate 53 and the lead shielding 51. The cap or lid 54 is removable to permit easy access and exit of the disposable portions of the apparatus at comm~ncement and termination of the tre tment or diagnostic proceduxes.
From the foregoing it will be ~een that the pulmonary inhalation apparatus of the present invention provides for a disposable aerosol inhalation device that generates properly sized radioactive particles having provisions for proper valving, proper nondisposable shielding, and ease of operation. Further, the invention in its apparatus aspect has been described with reference to a particular embodiment, but it will be appreciated that variations within the spirit and scope of the inven~ion will occur to those skilled in the art. For example, in Fig. 4, the oxygen tubing 63 could exit from another port in the container 50.
Claims (29)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An aerosol inhalation apparatus for supplying an aerosol mist containing radioactive tagged particles to a subject, comprising a reusable lead-shielded container having lid means, whereby the contents of the container are readily accessible, and a disposable radioactive aerosol inhalation device the device including first and second conduit means in said container and passing therethrough, mouthpiece means connected to the first and second conduit means externally of said container, valve means for controlling inhalation from said first conduit means and exhalation to said second conduit means, respectively, a nebulizer within said container and connected to said first conduit means, means positioned at least in part within the container and in fluid communication with said nebulizer for allowing introduction of radioactive solution from outside said container into said nebulizer, means associated with said nebulizer for generating an aerosolized mist carrying airborne radioactive tagged particles, means for introducing a mixture of air and the mist into said first conduit means, and entrapping filter means in said container and connected to said second conduit means for removing the aerosol exhaled, whereby the container may be reused and the device may be discarded after each use.
2. The aerosol inhalation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said means carried by said container for allowing introduction of a radioactive solution into said nebulizer comprises a one-way valve means in fluid communication with said nebulizer and with said first conduit means for permitting entry of atmospheric air into said nebulizer and into said first conduit means.
3. The aerosol inhalation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said one-way valve means includes an observable movable member to permit observation of inhalation frequency of a subject.
4. The aerosol inhalation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said movable member is a diaphragm of a one-way valve.
5. The aerosol inhalation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said means for allowing introduction of a radioactive solution is an angulated valve part allowing a needle to extend into said container at an angle with respect to vertical to minimize exposure to radiation.
6. The aerosol inhalation apparatus according to claim 1, including a settling baffle in said nebulizer to generate properly sized aerosol particles of less than substantially two microns.
7. The aerosol inhalation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said nebulizer includes a diffuser and gas orifice, said settling baffle being positioned above said diffuser and said gas orifice for permitting aerosol particles larger than substantially two microns to remain in said nebulizer.
8. An aerosol inhalation apparatus for supplying an aerosol mist containing radioactive charged particles to a subject, comprising a reusable generally cylindrical walled container having a closed bottom and an open top, lead shielding means within said wall and bottom of the container, the container having first, second and third openings formed therein, respectively, said openings being at the top portion of said container and being circumferentially spaced from each other, lead shielded lid means covering said container top portion, and a disposable pulmonary inhalation device including nebulizing means in said container, entrapping filter means within said container, means received in said first of said openings and including a conduit connected to said nebulizer means for introducing a radioactive liquid into said nebulizer means, means associated with said nebulizer means for generating an aerosolized mist having a plurality of radioactive tagged particles, inhalation conduit means received in said second of said openings and connected to said nebulizer means, and exhalation conduit means received in said third of said openings and connected to said filter means, whereby the container may be reused and the device may be discarded after each use.
9. An aerosol inhalation apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said first, second and third openings are constituted by respective slots extending downwardly from a top edge of said container.
10. An aerosol inhalation apparatus for supplying an aerosol mist containing radioactive tagged particles and air and/or oxygen to a subject, comprising a reusable lead-shielded container having lid means, whereby the contents of the container are readily accessible, and a disposable radioactive aerosol inhalation device, the device including first and second conduit means in said container and passing therethrough, mouthpiece means connected to the first and second conduit means externally of said container, valve means for controlling inhalation from said first conduit means and exhalation to said second conduit means, respectively, a nebulizer within said container and connected to said first conduit means, means positioned at least in part within the container and in fluid communication with said nebulizer for allowing introduction of radioactive solution from outside said container into said nebulizer, means in fluid communication with a source of air and/or oxygen, and with said nebulizer associated with said nebulizer for generating an aerosolized mist carrying airborne radioactive tagged particles, means for introducing a mixture of air and/or oxygen, and the mist into said first conduit means, and entrapping filter means in said container and connected to said second conduit means for removing the aerosol exhaled, whereby the container may be reused and the device may be discarded after each use.
11. The aerosol inhalation apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said means carried by said container for allowing introduction of a radioactive solution into said nebulizer comprises a one-way valve means in fluid communication with said nebulizer and with said first conduit means for permitting entry of atmospheric air or other ambient into said nebulizer and into said first conduit means.
12. The aerosol inhalation apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said one-way valve means includes an observable movable member to permit observation of inhalation frequency of a subject.
13. The aerosol inhalation apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said moveable member is a diaphragm of a one-way valve.
14. The aerosol inhalation apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said means for allowing introduction of a radioactive solution is an angulated valve part allowing a needle to extend into said container at an angle with respect to vertical to minimize exposure to radiation.
15. The aerosol inhalation apparatus according to claim 10, including a settling baffle in said nebulizer to generate properly sized aerosol particles of less than substantially two microns.
16. The aerosol inhalation apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said nebulizer includes a diffuser and gas orifice, said settling baffle being positioned above said diffuser and said gas orifice for permitting aerosol particles larger than substantially two microns to remain in said nebulizer.
17. An aerosol inhalation apparatus for supplying an aerosol mist containing radioactive charged particles and air and/or oxygen to a subject, comprising a reusable generally cylindrical walled container having a closed bottom and an open top, lead shielding means within said wall and bottom of the container, the container having first, second and third openings formed therein, respectively, said openings being at the top portion of said container and being circumferentially spaced from each other, lead-shielded lid means covering said container top portion, a disposable pulmonary inhalation device including nebulizing means in said container, entrap-ping filter means within said container, means received in said first of said openings and including a conduit connected to said nebulizer means for introducing a radioactive liquid into said nebulizer means, means associated with nebulizer means for generating an aerosolized mist having a plurality of radioactive tagged particles, inhalation conduit means received in said second of said openings and connected to a source of air and/or oxygen and to said nebulizer means for receiving a mixture of air and/or oxygen and the mist, and exhalation conduit means received in said third and of said openings and connected to said filter means, whereby the container may be reused and the device may be discarded after each use.
18. An aerosol inhalation apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said first, second and third openings are consti-tuted by respective slots extending downwardly from a top edge of said container.
19. An aerosol inhalation device for supplying an aerosol mist to a subject, the device comprising first and second conduit means, mouthpiece means connected to the first and second conduit means, valve means for controlling inhalation from said first conduit means and exhalation to said second conduit means, respectively, a nebulizer coupled to said first conduit means, means in fluid communication with said nebulizer for allowing introduction of liquid into said nebulizer, means associated with said nebulizer for generating an aerosolized mist carrying airborne particles, and means for introducing a mixture of air and the mist into said first conduit means.
20. The aerosol inhalation device according to claim 19, wherein said means for allowing introduction of a liquid into said nebulizer comprises a one-way valve means in fluid communication with said nebulizer and with said first conduit means for permitting entry of atmospheric air into said nebulizer and into said first conduit means.
21. The aerosol inhalation device according to claim 20, wherein said one-way valve means includes an observable movable member to permit observation of inhalation frequency of a subject.
22. The aerosol inhalation device according to claim 21, wherein said moveable member is a diaphragm of a one-way valve.
23. The aerosol inhalation device according to claim 22, wherein said means for allowing introduction of a liquid is a valve part allowing a needle to extend past said diaphragm of said one-way valve.
24. The aerosol inhalation device according to claim 19, including a settling baffle in said nebulizer to generate properly sized aerosol particles of less than substantially two microns.
25. The aerosol inhalation device according to claim 24, wherein said nebulizer includes a diffuser and gas orifice, said settling baffle being positioned above said diffuser and said gas orifice for permitting aerosol particles larger than substantially two microns to remain in said nebulizer.
26. A nebulizer which produces an aerosol mist for delivery to a subject, the nebulizer comprising, in combination:
reservoir means for receiving and holding a liquid to be aerosolized, diffusing means for producing an aerosolized mist containing aerosol particles in a range including particles of less than substantially two microns in diameter positioned within the interior of the nebulizer, means for conducting liquid from said reservoir means into space in vicinity of said diffusing means, means for delivering gas under pressure into said space in vicinity of said diffusing means, and a baffle extending above and about said diffusing means and said space in vicinity of said diffusing means, said baffle having an opening above said reservoir means and through which aerosol mist containing particles in a range below substantially two microns in diameter pass into the interior of the nebulizer outside said baffle for delivery to the subject, and having an interior surface on which aerosol particulars having diameters above substantially two microns collect and descend as liquid into said reservoir means.
reservoir means for receiving and holding a liquid to be aerosolized, diffusing means for producing an aerosolized mist containing aerosol particles in a range including particles of less than substantially two microns in diameter positioned within the interior of the nebulizer, means for conducting liquid from said reservoir means into space in vicinity of said diffusing means, means for delivering gas under pressure into said space in vicinity of said diffusing means, and a baffle extending above and about said diffusing means and said space in vicinity of said diffusing means, said baffle having an opening above said reservoir means and through which aerosol mist containing particles in a range below substantially two microns in diameter pass into the interior of the nebulizer outside said baffle for delivery to the subject, and having an interior surface on which aerosol particulars having diameters above substantially two microns collect and descend as liquid into said reservoir means.
27. The nebulizer according to claim 26, wherein said interior surface of said baffle includes a substantially cylindrical, substantially vertically extending surface from said opening.
28 , The nebulizer according to claim 27, wherein said interior surface of said baffle includes a substantially cylindrical, substantially vertically extending surface from said opening and a conical extending surface which intersects and extends upwardly from said cylindrical surface.
29 . The nebulizer according to claim 26, wherein said opening is below said diffusing means and said space in vicinity of said diffusing means into which the liquid to be aerosolized and the gas under pressure is to be delivered.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/642,718 US4510929A (en) | 1982-04-30 | 1984-08-22 | Disposable radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1251705A true CA1251705A (en) | 1989-03-28 |
Family
ID=24577713
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000474610A Expired CA1251705A (en) | 1984-08-22 | 1985-02-19 | Radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus and method |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4510929A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU582143B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1251705A (en) |
Families Citing this family (41)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4803977A (en) * | 1982-03-25 | 1989-02-14 | Mallinckrodt, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases and allergies |
| US4782828A (en) * | 1983-03-21 | 1988-11-08 | Mallinckrodt, Inc. | Radioaerosol delivery apparatus |
| US4598704A (en) * | 1984-08-22 | 1986-07-08 | Cadema Medical Products, Inc. | Aerosol inhalation device |
| DE3436800A1 (en) * | 1984-10-06 | 1986-04-10 | Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich | DEVICE FOR DETECTING FILTERABLE GAS CONTAMINATIONS |
| US4741331A (en) * | 1987-02-02 | 1988-05-03 | Atomic Products Corporation | Disposable radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus |
| US4907581A (en) * | 1988-06-30 | 1990-03-13 | Medi-Nuclear Corporation, Inc. | Radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus |
| US5858784A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1999-01-12 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Expression of cloned genes in the lung by aerosol- and liposome-based delivery |
| WO1993012240A1 (en) | 1991-12-17 | 1993-06-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activity (cftr) |
| US6627615B1 (en) | 1991-12-17 | 2003-09-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods and compositions for in vivo gene therapy |
| US5186166A (en) * | 1992-03-04 | 1993-02-16 | Riggs John H | Powder nebulizer apparatus and method of nebulization |
| EP0646178A1 (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1995-04-05 | The Regents Of The University Of California | expression cassette with regularoty regions functional in the mammmlian host |
| US6806084B1 (en) | 1992-06-04 | 2004-10-19 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods for compositions for in vivo gene delivery |
| US5372126A (en) * | 1992-09-14 | 1994-12-13 | Blau; Anthony D. | Pulmonary sampling chamber |
| US5617844A (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-04-08 | King; Russell W. | Aerosol medication delivery system |
| WO1997027804A1 (en) * | 1996-02-05 | 1997-08-07 | Aradigm Corporation | Ventilation imaging using a fine particle aerosol generator |
| AUPP240198A0 (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 1998-04-09 | Resmed Limited | An apparatus for supplying breathable gas |
| USD433125S (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2000-10-31 | Michael Bono | Shield for an aerosol dispensing device |
| US6904912B2 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2005-06-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Automated inhalation toxicology exposure system |
| US7377276B2 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2008-05-27 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Automated inhalation toxicology exposure system and method |
| US8221329B2 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2012-07-17 | The United State Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Inhalation system and method |
| US7060992B1 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2006-06-13 | Tiax Llc | System and method for bioaerosol discrimination by time-resolved fluorescence |
| US20060237665A1 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2006-10-26 | Barney William S | Bioaerosol discrimination |
| MX359219B (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2018-09-19 | Raptor Pharmaceuticals Inc | Aerosolized fluoroquinolones and uses thereof. |
| US8524734B2 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2013-09-03 | Mpex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Aerosolized fluoroquinolones and uses thereof |
| CN105520922A (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2016-04-27 | 拉普特制药有限公司 | Aerosol fluoroquinolone formulations for improved pharmacokinetics |
| US8629139B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2014-01-14 | Mpex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Topical use of Levofloxacin for reducing lung inflammation |
| EP2473170B1 (en) | 2009-09-04 | 2019-06-19 | Horizon Orphan LLC | Use of aerosolized levofloxacin for treating cystic fibrosis |
| US8596263B2 (en) * | 2009-11-16 | 2013-12-03 | Samuel David Piper | Inhalation actuated nebulizer with impingement shield |
| US10092552B2 (en) | 2011-01-31 | 2018-10-09 | Avalyn Pharma Inc. | Aerosol pirfenidone and pyridone analog compounds and uses thereof |
| WO2014018668A2 (en) | 2012-07-24 | 2014-01-30 | Genoa Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Aerosol pirfenidone and pyridone analog compounds and uses thereof |
| US20150044288A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-12 | Windward Pharma, Inc. | Aerosol tyrosine kinase inhibitor compounds and uses thereof |
| WO2019110099A1 (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2019-06-13 | Qrumpharma Inc. | Inhalable clofazimine formulation |
| KR20210090607A (en) | 2018-08-23 | 2021-07-20 | 맨카인드 코포레이션 | Compositions of clofazimine, combinations comprising them, methods for their preparation, uses and methods comprising them |
| JP2023510662A (en) | 2019-06-04 | 2023-03-15 | サーティー レスピラトリー リミテッド | Methods and compositions for producing nitric oxides and their use for delivering nitric oxides through the respiratory tract |
| BR112021023832A8 (en) | 2019-06-04 | 2023-02-28 | Thirty Holdings Ltd | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE GENERATION OF NITRIC OXIDE AND USES THEREOF |
| CN110584828A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2019-12-20 | 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学第一附属医院 | Atomizing bronchus toxicant exposure device under bronchofiberscope guide |
| WO2021214439A1 (en) | 2020-04-23 | 2021-10-28 | Thirty Respiratory Limited | Methods and compositions for treating and combatting tuberculosis |
| WO2021214440A1 (en) | 2020-04-23 | 2021-10-28 | Thirty Respiratory Limited | Nitric oxide or nitric oxide releasing compositions for use in treating sars-cov and sars-cov-2 |
| AU2021285819A1 (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2023-01-19 | Advent Therapeutics, Inc. | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising insoluble active ingredients |
| WO2022240897A1 (en) | 2021-05-10 | 2022-11-17 | Sepelo Therapeutics, Llc | Pharmaceutical composition comprising delafloxacin for administration into the lung |
| WO2023028364A1 (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2023-03-02 | Sepelo Therapeutics, Llc | Targeted compositions and uses therof |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3097645A (en) * | 1960-03-22 | 1963-07-16 | Victor E Lester | Nebulizer |
| US3172406A (en) * | 1962-04-05 | 1965-03-09 | Forrest M Bird | Nebulizer |
| US3769967A (en) * | 1970-07-07 | 1973-11-06 | G Jones | Pulmonary inhalation device |
| US3666955A (en) * | 1970-07-08 | 1972-05-30 | Edgar L Suprenant | Automatic control system for radioactive regional ventilation studies |
| US3762409A (en) * | 1970-11-03 | 1973-10-02 | V Lester | Nebulizer |
| US3695254A (en) * | 1971-06-07 | 1972-10-03 | Ohio Nuclear | Method and apparatus for determining volume of a lung |
| US3881463A (en) * | 1972-04-26 | 1975-05-06 | David E Lemon | Radioactive gas inhalator |
| US3777742A (en) * | 1972-09-18 | 1973-12-11 | Barber Colman Co | Tantalum insufflator |
| US3976050A (en) * | 1974-11-18 | 1976-08-24 | Nuclear Associates, Inc. | Device for adsorbing exhaled radioactive gases and process |
| US4116387A (en) * | 1976-05-11 | 1978-09-26 | Eastfield Corporation | Mist generator |
| US4333450A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1982-06-08 | Lester Victor E | Nebulizer-manifold |
| US4202345A (en) * | 1977-12-09 | 1980-05-13 | Medi-Ray, Inc. | Apparatus for delivering and receiving radioactive gas |
| DE3338525T (en) * | 1982-03-25 | 1984-03-22 | Carl Peter 06820 Darien Conn. Kremer jun. | Method and device for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases and allergies |
| NZ207565A (en) * | 1983-03-21 | 1987-05-29 | Mallinckrodt Inc | Radioactive aerosol delivery apparatus |
-
1984
- 1984-08-22 US US06/642,718 patent/US4510929A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1985
- 1985-02-19 CA CA000474610A patent/CA1251705A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-03-06 AU AU39601/85A patent/AU582143B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4510929A (en) | 1985-04-16 |
| AU582143B2 (en) | 1989-03-16 |
| AU3960185A (en) | 1986-09-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA1251705A (en) | Radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus and method | |
| US4598704A (en) | Aerosol inhalation device | |
| US4703753A (en) | Radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus | |
| US5139016A (en) | Process and device for aerosol generation for pulmonary ventilation scintigraphy | |
| CA2322193C (en) | Pulmonary dosing system and method | |
| US5372126A (en) | Pulmonary sampling chamber | |
| US6705316B2 (en) | Pulmonary dosing system and method | |
| US5603314A (en) | Aerosol filtration device and inhalation apparatus containing same | |
| US4803977A (en) | Method and apparatus for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases and allergies | |
| US6340023B2 (en) | Rebreather nebulizer device | |
| US7814908B2 (en) | Method and device for reducing the carbon dioxide content in a dead volume | |
| US8006693B2 (en) | Aerosol transfer device for medical aerosol generators or medical aerosol generator systems | |
| JP2003528681A (en) | Improved release of spray drug into the lung. | |
| NO792917L (en) | Inhalation-DEVICE. | |
| US6955169B2 (en) | Inhaler device | |
| US4660547A (en) | Method and apparatus for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases and allergies | |
| US4907581A (en) | Radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus | |
| Benton et al. | Experience with a metered-dose inhaler with a spacer in the pediatric emergency department | |
| US20180154099A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for delivering a fluid to a patient | |
| Hayes et al. | Improved radioaerosol administration system for routine inhalation lung imaging | |
| Votion et al. | Aerosol deposition in equine lungs following ultrasonic nebulisation versus jet aerosol delivery system | |
| JPS59500431A (en) | Device that supplies radioactive mist | |
| JPS61238247A (en) | Emissive aerosol inhalator | |
| US20170135311A1 (en) | Animal containment system | |
| Laube et al. | Single-breath deposition of jet-nebulized saline aerosol |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |