CA1253020A - Achromatic holographic stereogram and method of making same - Google Patents
Achromatic holographic stereogram and method of making sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA1253020A CA1253020A CA000429956A CA429956A CA1253020A CA 1253020 A CA1253020 A CA 1253020A CA 000429956 A CA000429956 A CA 000429956A CA 429956 A CA429956 A CA 429956A CA 1253020 A CA1253020 A CA 1253020A
- Authority
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- images
- stereo
- dimensional
- holographic stereogram
- sequential
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012952 Resampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001093 holography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- YUZILKLGVPUFOT-YHPRVSEPSA-L disodium;5-[(6-anilino-4-oxo-1h-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-2-[(e)-2-[4-[(6-anilino-4-oxo-1h-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-2-sulfonatophenyl]ethenyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C=1C=C(\C=C\C=2C(=CC(NC=3NC(NC=4C=CC=CC=4)=NC(=O)N=3)=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=1NC(N1)=NC(=O)N=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 YUZILKLGVPUFOT-YHPRVSEPSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
- G03H1/268—Holographic stereogram
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2249—Holobject properties
- G03H2001/2263—Multicoloured holobject
Abstract
ACHROMATIC HOLOGRAPHIC STEREOGRAM, AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME
ABSTRACT
A method of producing an achromatic holographic stereogram capable of generating a three-dimensional image and parallax in at least one direction from a stereo group of two two-dimensional images by converting said images into digital data representations, processing said data representations so as to generate a plurality of sequential perspective views intermediate the two images of said stereo group, and combining the sequential images to form an achromatic holographic stereogram that can be viewed with a light source. The method is particularly suitable for terrestrial studies using stereo images acquired from a satellite surface scanning system. In addition, the method can directly use digital information from which the two-dimensional stereo images are sometimes produced.
ABSTRACT
A method of producing an achromatic holographic stereogram capable of generating a three-dimensional image and parallax in at least one direction from a stereo group of two two-dimensional images by converting said images into digital data representations, processing said data representations so as to generate a plurality of sequential perspective views intermediate the two images of said stereo group, and combining the sequential images to form an achromatic holographic stereogram that can be viewed with a light source. The method is particularly suitable for terrestrial studies using stereo images acquired from a satellite surface scanning system. In addition, the method can directly use digital information from which the two-dimensional stereo images are sometimes produced.
Description
~2~;3~3Z(:~
DISCLOSURE
This invention relates to a method of making a hologram-type plate capable of generating a three-dimensional image, said method comprising the steps for converting a stereo group of at least two two-dimensional images into digital data representations, processing said data representation so as to generate a plurality of sequential perspective views intermediate any two images of said stereo group, and combining the sequential images to form an achromatic holgraphic stereogram. This invention also relates to the method of forming the three-dimensional image, said method comprising the steps of converting a stereo group of at least two two-dimensional images into digital data representations, processing said data representation so as to generate a plurality of sequential perspective views intermediate any two images of said stereo group, combining the sequential images to form an achromatic holographic stereogram, and illuminating said stereogram with a light source to view the three-dimensional image.
In one embodiment a plurality of 25 intermediate perspective views are obtained by deriving a digital elevation model from ~he two stereo images, registering said digital elevation model with a reference image, calculating one-dimensional parallax for each viewing angle using the digital elevation model, generating the perspective view by resampling the original reference image and photographing the same from a ~, ~2~ 3i20 high-resolution cathode ray tube monitor. In a further embodiment the generated perspective views are equally distributed between the two images of the stereo group. In still a further embodiment, the stereo images are acquired from a satellite surface scanning system. The method can directly use digital information from which the two-dimensional stereo images are sometimes produced.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Holography is the technology of image formation from physical diffraction patterns whereby the amplitude and phase information of a propagating field in a plane can be recorded and reconstructed.
Unlike ordinary photographs, which are two-dimensional representations of a scene, a hologram can form a true three-dimensional image exhibiting all the properties that would be observed if a viewer were to look at an object through a window the size of a hologram.
Holograms are usually made by illuminating a three-dimensional structure with a strong source of coherent light from a laser. A diffraction pattern, the hologram, is produced as a result of interference between light scattered from the structure and the reference beam of coherent incident light, ~hich is a portion of the incident light reflected to the photographic plate by means of a mirror. The light wave pattern impinging on the plate contains by way of fringe configuration information corresponding to both the amplitude and the phase of the wave `~\
3~0 scattered by the object. If the processed hologram is illuminated with the original coherent background -~
light (although the reconstructing light need not necessarily have the same wave length as that of the initial recording) the original wave pattern is regenerated and an undistorted image appears at the location formerly occupied by the object.
Later methods of producing holograms have the advantage of using an imaging system that does not require coherent radiation to make the first photographic exposure but that can form a three-dimensional image from a sequence of two-dimensional images of different perspectives. By using a two-dimensional lens array to direct white light from an object to a photographic plate, a plate consisting of a plurality of two-dimensional images is obtained. Such a multiple image record is termed a "holocoder" and this holocoder can be converted into a hologram as set out by R.V. Pole in his article "3-D Imagery and Holograms of Objects Illuminated in White Light", Applied PhYsics Letters, Vol. 10, ~r.l (January 1967). Subsequent inventions, such as that set out in Canadian Patent 908,482, have addressed improvements in holocoders and methods of imaging a holocoder. Two-dimensional images can be used in a system for synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms. In one such embodiment, a frame of a motion picture film taken of a rotating subject can be recorded as a vertical strip hologram, and the full sequence of frames is then recorded as a series of adjacent, laterally spaced strip holograms on the holographic recording medium. Improvements in this ~302~
method are described in United States Patent 4,206,295.
In computer holography the scattered wavefront from an imaginary object is calculated and processed so as to result in the image of the imaginary object. A digital representation of an object, to form a hologram, requires the calculation of a scattered wavefront in which all the significant information in the object has to be mapped into all points of the hologram in essentially individual calculations. A simplification in the lengthy calculation of these wavefronts is described in Canadian Patent 911,792. A three-dimensional computer display system that allows a user to generate holograms of computer-stored information without having to calculate the hologram by using a computer to calculate and a microfilm platter to display a multitute of two-dimensional views of a three-dimensional object stored in a computer, which views are then recorded sequentially to form a composite hologram comprised of many small holograms, is described in United States Patent 3,832,027.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment of the invention, perspective views of Landsat MSS images are obtained by digital image processing of real stereoscopic data acquired on image overlap between digital elevation model (DEM) from two LANDSAT MSS images obtained by different side-looking geometries from adjacent orbits. The DEM is registered with a reference image and contains the topographic information needed to ~2.~3~2~
produce computer generated perspective views. These views are considered to be rigourously epipolar as simulating off-nadir acquisitions from parallel satellite paths.
By way of illustration, a set of 21 side-looking perspective views equally distributed from left to right of the nadir acquisition with a five degree difference between each was used to prepare the stereogram. Artificial one-dimensional parallax is calculated for each viewing angle by using the DEM.
Each perspective view is subsequently generated by resampling the original reference LA~DSAT image and photographing the view from a high quality cathode ray tube monitor.
The twenty-one sequential perspective views are projected onto a diffusing screen and recorded as side-by-side strip holograms on a plate tipped at the "achromatic angle". Illumination of the composite master stereogram with the conjugate of its reference beam produced a real image with synthetic horizontal parallax only focussed in the plane of the diffusing screen, where a second holographic plate was exposed with a collimated reference beam vertically inclined at an angle corresponding to the "achromatic angle".
Illumination of the second stereogram with the conjugate of its reference beam produced a real image of the master stereogram, which wavelenth changes, these zones translate along themselves in a common plane so that a singe view is presented in so wide a range of colours as to appear achromatic, or black and white, without colour fringing over substantial image depths. Thus the two eyes can be presented ~2~20 with a high quality stereo pair of images over a wide range of locations, and à single eye can enjoy a nearly continuous plan of horizontal parallax, or "look-around", as it moves from side to side, producing a quasi-holographic three-dimensional image.
In another embodiment of the invention, an NXN matrix can be used to provide artificial two-dimensional parallax, in which case parallax will be viewed not only from left to right but from top to bottom.
This method demonstrates the use of two technologies, optical and digital, to create a "user-friendly" image for remote sensing evaluation, being the first LANDSAT holographic view of the earth from space, that can be viewed in white light and without the need for special glasses.
DISCLOSURE
This invention relates to a method of making a hologram-type plate capable of generating a three-dimensional image, said method comprising the steps for converting a stereo group of at least two two-dimensional images into digital data representations, processing said data representation so as to generate a plurality of sequential perspective views intermediate any two images of said stereo group, and combining the sequential images to form an achromatic holgraphic stereogram. This invention also relates to the method of forming the three-dimensional image, said method comprising the steps of converting a stereo group of at least two two-dimensional images into digital data representations, processing said data representation so as to generate a plurality of sequential perspective views intermediate any two images of said stereo group, combining the sequential images to form an achromatic holographic stereogram, and illuminating said stereogram with a light source to view the three-dimensional image.
In one embodiment a plurality of 25 intermediate perspective views are obtained by deriving a digital elevation model from ~he two stereo images, registering said digital elevation model with a reference image, calculating one-dimensional parallax for each viewing angle using the digital elevation model, generating the perspective view by resampling the original reference image and photographing the same from a ~, ~2~ 3i20 high-resolution cathode ray tube monitor. In a further embodiment the generated perspective views are equally distributed between the two images of the stereo group. In still a further embodiment, the stereo images are acquired from a satellite surface scanning system. The method can directly use digital information from which the two-dimensional stereo images are sometimes produced.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Holography is the technology of image formation from physical diffraction patterns whereby the amplitude and phase information of a propagating field in a plane can be recorded and reconstructed.
Unlike ordinary photographs, which are two-dimensional representations of a scene, a hologram can form a true three-dimensional image exhibiting all the properties that would be observed if a viewer were to look at an object through a window the size of a hologram.
Holograms are usually made by illuminating a three-dimensional structure with a strong source of coherent light from a laser. A diffraction pattern, the hologram, is produced as a result of interference between light scattered from the structure and the reference beam of coherent incident light, ~hich is a portion of the incident light reflected to the photographic plate by means of a mirror. The light wave pattern impinging on the plate contains by way of fringe configuration information corresponding to both the amplitude and the phase of the wave `~\
3~0 scattered by the object. If the processed hologram is illuminated with the original coherent background -~
light (although the reconstructing light need not necessarily have the same wave length as that of the initial recording) the original wave pattern is regenerated and an undistorted image appears at the location formerly occupied by the object.
Later methods of producing holograms have the advantage of using an imaging system that does not require coherent radiation to make the first photographic exposure but that can form a three-dimensional image from a sequence of two-dimensional images of different perspectives. By using a two-dimensional lens array to direct white light from an object to a photographic plate, a plate consisting of a plurality of two-dimensional images is obtained. Such a multiple image record is termed a "holocoder" and this holocoder can be converted into a hologram as set out by R.V. Pole in his article "3-D Imagery and Holograms of Objects Illuminated in White Light", Applied PhYsics Letters, Vol. 10, ~r.l (January 1967). Subsequent inventions, such as that set out in Canadian Patent 908,482, have addressed improvements in holocoders and methods of imaging a holocoder. Two-dimensional images can be used in a system for synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms. In one such embodiment, a frame of a motion picture film taken of a rotating subject can be recorded as a vertical strip hologram, and the full sequence of frames is then recorded as a series of adjacent, laterally spaced strip holograms on the holographic recording medium. Improvements in this ~302~
method are described in United States Patent 4,206,295.
In computer holography the scattered wavefront from an imaginary object is calculated and processed so as to result in the image of the imaginary object. A digital representation of an object, to form a hologram, requires the calculation of a scattered wavefront in which all the significant information in the object has to be mapped into all points of the hologram in essentially individual calculations. A simplification in the lengthy calculation of these wavefronts is described in Canadian Patent 911,792. A three-dimensional computer display system that allows a user to generate holograms of computer-stored information without having to calculate the hologram by using a computer to calculate and a microfilm platter to display a multitute of two-dimensional views of a three-dimensional object stored in a computer, which views are then recorded sequentially to form a composite hologram comprised of many small holograms, is described in United States Patent 3,832,027.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment of the invention, perspective views of Landsat MSS images are obtained by digital image processing of real stereoscopic data acquired on image overlap between digital elevation model (DEM) from two LANDSAT MSS images obtained by different side-looking geometries from adjacent orbits. The DEM is registered with a reference image and contains the topographic information needed to ~2.~3~2~
produce computer generated perspective views. These views are considered to be rigourously epipolar as simulating off-nadir acquisitions from parallel satellite paths.
By way of illustration, a set of 21 side-looking perspective views equally distributed from left to right of the nadir acquisition with a five degree difference between each was used to prepare the stereogram. Artificial one-dimensional parallax is calculated for each viewing angle by using the DEM.
Each perspective view is subsequently generated by resampling the original reference LA~DSAT image and photographing the view from a high quality cathode ray tube monitor.
The twenty-one sequential perspective views are projected onto a diffusing screen and recorded as side-by-side strip holograms on a plate tipped at the "achromatic angle". Illumination of the composite master stereogram with the conjugate of its reference beam produced a real image with synthetic horizontal parallax only focussed in the plane of the diffusing screen, where a second holographic plate was exposed with a collimated reference beam vertically inclined at an angle corresponding to the "achromatic angle".
Illumination of the second stereogram with the conjugate of its reference beam produced a real image of the master stereogram, which wavelenth changes, these zones translate along themselves in a common plane so that a singe view is presented in so wide a range of colours as to appear achromatic, or black and white, without colour fringing over substantial image depths. Thus the two eyes can be presented ~2~20 with a high quality stereo pair of images over a wide range of locations, and à single eye can enjoy a nearly continuous plan of horizontal parallax, or "look-around", as it moves from side to side, producing a quasi-holographic three-dimensional image.
In another embodiment of the invention, an NXN matrix can be used to provide artificial two-dimensional parallax, in which case parallax will be viewed not only from left to right but from top to bottom.
This method demonstrates the use of two technologies, optical and digital, to create a "user-friendly" image for remote sensing evaluation, being the first LANDSAT holographic view of the earth from space, that can be viewed in white light and without the need for special glasses.
Claims (6)
1. A method of making a hologram-type plate capable of generating a three-dimensional image, said method comprising the steps of:
converting a stereo group of at least two two-dimensional images into digital data representations;
processing said data representations so as to generate a plurality of sequential perspective views intermediate any two images of said stereo group;
combining the sequential images to form an achromatic holographic stereogram.
converting a stereo group of at least two two-dimensional images into digital data representations;
processing said data representations so as to generate a plurality of sequential perspective views intermediate any two images of said stereo group;
combining the sequential images to form an achromatic holographic stereogram.
2. A method of forming a three-dimensional image, said method comprising the steps of:
converting a stereo group of at least two two-dimensional images into digital data representations;
processing said data representations so as to generate a plurality of sequential perspective views intermediate any two images of said stereo group;
combining the sequential images to form an achromatic holographic stereogram;
illuminating said stereogram with a light source to view the three-dimensional image.
converting a stereo group of at least two two-dimensional images into digital data representations;
processing said data representations so as to generate a plurality of sequential perspective views intermediate any two images of said stereo group;
combining the sequential images to form an achromatic holographic stereogram;
illuminating said stereogram with a light source to view the three-dimensional image.
3. The method in claim 1 or 2 wherein a plurality of intermediate perspective views are obtained by:
deriving a digital elevation model from the two stereo images;
registering said digital elevation model with a reference image;
calculating one-dimensional parallex for each viewing angle using the digital elevation model;
generating the perspective view by resampling the original reference image and photographing the same from a high-resolution cathode ray tube monitor.
deriving a digital elevation model from the two stereo images;
registering said digital elevation model with a reference image;
calculating one-dimensional parallex for each viewing angle using the digital elevation model;
generating the perspective view by resampling the original reference image and photographing the same from a high-resolution cathode ray tube monitor.
4. The method in claim 1 or 2 wherein the generated perspective views are equally distributed between the two images of said stereo group.
5. The method in claim 1 or 2 wherein the stereo images are acquired from a satellite surface scanning system.
6. An achromatic holographic stereogram made by the process of claim 1 or 2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000429956A CA1253020A (en) | 1983-06-08 | 1983-06-08 | Achromatic holographic stereogram and method of making same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000429956A CA1253020A (en) | 1983-06-08 | 1983-06-08 | Achromatic holographic stereogram and method of making same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1253020A true CA1253020A (en) | 1989-04-25 |
Family
ID=4125434
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000429956A Expired CA1253020A (en) | 1983-06-08 | 1983-06-08 | Achromatic holographic stereogram and method of making same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1253020A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0580353A2 (en) * | 1992-07-20 | 1994-01-26 | Fujitsu Limited | Stereoscopic display apparatus and method |
| EP0580354A2 (en) * | 1992-07-20 | 1994-01-26 | Fujitsu Limited | Stereoscopic display apparatus and method |
-
1983
- 1983-06-08 CA CA000429956A patent/CA1253020A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0580353A2 (en) * | 1992-07-20 | 1994-01-26 | Fujitsu Limited | Stereoscopic display apparatus and method |
| EP0580354A2 (en) * | 1992-07-20 | 1994-01-26 | Fujitsu Limited | Stereoscopic display apparatus and method |
| EP0580353A3 (en) * | 1992-07-20 | 1996-04-10 | Fujitsu Ltd | Stereoscopic display apparatus and method |
| EP0580354A3 (en) * | 1992-07-20 | 1996-04-17 | Fujitsu Ltd | Stereoscopic display apparatus and method |
| US5760933A (en) * | 1992-07-20 | 1998-06-02 | Fujitsu Limited | Stereoscopic display apparatus and method |
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