CA1253808A - Method of desensitizing hypersensitive dentin employing compositions containing potassium salts - Google Patents

Method of desensitizing hypersensitive dentin employing compositions containing potassium salts

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Publication number
CA1253808A
CA1253808A CA000474255A CA474255A CA1253808A CA 1253808 A CA1253808 A CA 1253808A CA 000474255 A CA000474255 A CA 000474255A CA 474255 A CA474255 A CA 474255A CA 1253808 A CA1253808 A CA 1253808A
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
dentin
potassium
hypersensitive
sensory nerve
nerve activity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA000474255A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Syngcuk Kim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Columbia University of New York
Original Assignee
Columbia University of New York
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Columbia University of New York filed Critical Columbia University of New York
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Publication of CA1253808A publication Critical patent/CA1253808A/en
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A61K8/20—Halogens; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/02—Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses

Abstract

METHOD OF DESENSITIZING HYPERSENSITIVE DENTIN
EMPLOYING COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING POTASSIUM SALTS

Abstract of the Disclosure A method for reducing sensory nerve activity in a hyper-sensitive tooth and for desensitizing hypersensitive dentin involves applying to the surface of exposed dentin of a subject's tooth a potassium salt selected from the group consisting of potassium bicarbonate and potassium chloride in an amount effective to reduce sensory nerve activity and to desensitize hypersensitive dentin of hypersensitive teeth.

In the presently preferred embodiment of the invention, potassium bicarbonate is the potassium salt and is applied in a formulation, for example, an aqueous solution containing from about 1.0 to about 360.0 mg of potassium bicarbonate per ml of solution.

Description

METHOD OF DESENSITIZING HYPERSENSITIVE DENTI~
EMPLOYING COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING POTASSIUM SALTS
.

~ackground of the Invention -The sensory nerves of the teeth are subject to stimuli from various sources, including heat, cold, sugars, hypertonic solutions and the like~ Usually, these various stimuli do not disturb the normal functioning of the dental sensory nerves. However, when the sensory nerves become ~ore easily excitable, for example, because of dental erosion, gum recession, exposure of the dentin or other causes, the teeth are more sensitive than usual to stimuli, resulting in distress and pain. When such an elevation of sensory ner~e activity occurs, it is necessary to reduce the dental sensory nerve activity and to desensitize the hypersensi-tive dentin in order to reduce or relieve the pain. One way of accomplishing this result is to apply to the dentin an effective amount of a substance which can reduce sensor~
nerve activity and desensitize the hypersensitive dentin.

Numerou.c; method3 Eo~ d~sensit1zincJ hypersensitive teeth have been de-;cribed and a nurnber of commercial products exist ~or this purpose. However, none of these methods involve the potassium salts of the present invention.

A composition containing a mixture of 12.5 grams of potas-sium carbonate and 2.5 grams of anhydrous sodium carbonate has been described as useful for the treatment of hyper-sensitive dentin, Accepted Dental Remedies, Seventh Edi-tion, page 1~37 (1941). Hodosh, U.S. Patent No. 3,863,006 (1975) discloses the use of nitrate salts, including potas-sium nitrate, for desensitizing hypersensitive teeth and dentin. Hodosh also discloses tha-t other potassium salts were tried but none were as effective as the nitrate (col.

~d~

3f~

1, lines 62-64). Pashley, et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,057,621 (1977) disclose the use of compositions containing oxalate salts, including potasslum oxalate, for desensitizing hy-persensitive dentin and teeth. Svajda, U.S. Patent No.
3,689,636 (1972) discloses the use of compositions for desensitizing sensitive teeth containing a mixture of chloride salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium, preferably each being present in equal parts of saturated aqueous solutions. However, Svajda neither teaches or suggests that any one component of the mixture may be employed alone or that any one component provides greater desensitizing action than another component. Specifically, Svajda neither teaches or suggests that potassium chloride is particularly useful for desensitizinf~ sensitive teeth and dentin.

It has now been unexpectedly found that the application of potassium bicarbonate or potassium chloride in effective amounts to the surface of the dentin of a subject's hyper-sensitive teeth reduces sensory nerve activity arlcldesensi~tizes hypersensitive dentin to a degree not previously achieved with other methods oE treatment. When applied at equal corlcentr-ltions potassiurflbicarbonate, in particular, yields better results than other sensory nerve activi-ty 2S inhibitors or dentin desensitizers.

3~3(~

Summary of the Invention This invention concerns a method for reducing sensory nerve activity in hypersensitive teeth and for desensitizing hypersensitive dentin. The method involves applying to the surface of exposed dentin of a subject's hypersensitive teeth a potassium salt selected from the group consisting of potassium bicarbonate and potassium chloride in an amount effective to reduce sensory nerve activity and to desensi-tize hypersensitive dentin. The potassium salt will typi-cally be applied as part of a formulation, for example, a dentifrice, an aqueous solution, a mouthwash or a chewing gum.

lS In the presently preferred embodiment of the invention, potassium bicarbonate is the potassium salt applied to the dentin of the subject's hypersensitive teeth, for example, in an aqueous solution wherein the amount of po-tassium bicarbonate is an amount Erom about 1.0 to about 360.0 mg/ml oE solution.

'L'he method ma~ he used ~o redu(e c3ensoxy nexve acti.vity re~uLtirlg Erom sensiti~tlttl oE teeth to heat, cold, suyars, hypertoni~ soLutions and the like and to desensitize dentin which has been made hypersensitive to these stimuli. In this ~ay, the pain resulting from stimu]ation of hypersensitive nerve tissue may be reduced or relieved.

Brief Description_of the Fi~ures Figures I to IV set forth in bar graph form the results of comparative experiments demonstra-ting the subject inven-tion. In the figures, the frequency of sensory nerveactivity in experimental animals (cats) relative to a base-line level for untreated cats is shown. In each case sensory nerve activity elicited by stimulating a dental cavity with 9% NaCl after treatment of the dental cavity with different agents at various concentrations was compared with nerve activity in cats stimulatd without prior treatment. Values less than the baseline level, i.e., less than the 100% value assigned to untreated cats indicated that the treatment had a positive result, i.e., reduction of sensory nerve activ-ity.

Figure I compares the frequency of sensory nerve activity as a percentage oE the baseline level when dental cavities were stimulated with 9% ~aCl fol:Lowiny treatment with potasslum o~ala-te, K2C2O~; potassium chloricle, KCl; ~otassium bi-carbonate, I~IIC'O~; sodium oxalate, Na2C2O4; sodium bicar-honate Na~lCU3 arld sodium nitrat~, NaNO3, each in aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.189 mole/liter and with MaNO3 in aqueous solution at a concentration oE 0.254 mole/liter. (n=number of cats tested) Figure II compares the frequency of sensory nerve activity as a percentage of the baseline level ~hen dental cavities were stimulatd with 9% NaCl following treatment with K2C2O4, KCl, K~IC03, and NaHCO3, each at a concentration of 0.756 mole/liter in an aqueous solution.
.

Figure III compares the frequency of sensory nerve activity as a percen-tage of the baseline level when dental cavities were stimulated with 9% NaCl following trea-tment with K2C2O~, KCl, KHCO3, at various concentrations.

Figure IV shows, for comparative purposes, the frequency of sensory nerve activity as a percentage of the baseline level when dental cavities were stimulated with 9~ NaCl following treatment with Na2C2O4, NaHCO3 and NaNO3 at various con-centrations.

~,53~ 8 Detailed Description of the Invention ~n effective amount of a potassium salt selected from the group consisting of potassium bicarbonate and potassium chloride is applied to the surface of exposed dentin of a human subject's hypersensitive tooth to desensitize hyper-sensitive dentin and to reduce sensory nerve activity of a tooth which is hypersensitive to stimuli such as heat, cold, sugars, hypertonic solutions and the like. Preferably, the potassium salt is potassium bicarbonate. Typically, the po-tassium salt is applied as part of a formulation such as an aqueous solution, a dentrifice, a mouthwash or a chewing gum. In an aqueous solution the effective concentration of potassium chloride is from about 0.7 mg/ml to about 360 mg/ml. In an aqueous solution the effective concentration of potassium bicarbonate i5 from about 1.0 mg/ml to about 360 mg/ml. Preferably, the concentra-tion is from about 0.05M to about 2.5M, i.e.r about 3.5 to about 1i35 mg of potass:i~m chloxide/mL or about: S to about 250 mg of potassium bi-carbonate/lnl.

The potassium salt rnay be applied to the dentin of thesubject's teeth in various formulations, including, for example, a dentifrice, a mou-thwash or a chewing gum. Fur-thermore, such formulations may contain a mi~ture of bothpotassium bicarbonate and potassium chloride and may in-clude fillers, excipients, preservative, flavoring agents, coloxing agents and the like, all of which are well known for use in dental preparations.
The application of potassium salts, preferably potassium bicarbonate, to the dentin, in accordance with this inven-tion, results in a dramatic decrease in the frequency of sensory nerve activity.

i;3~

The examples which follow are set forth in order to aid in the understanding of the efficacy of applying potassium bicarbonate or potassium chloride to reduce sensory nerve activity and to desensitize hypersensitive dentin. The examples are not intended, and should not be construed, to limit the invention as defined by the claims which follow thereafter.

Example 1 Dentifrice A decrease in the frequency of sensory nerve activity of a hypersensitive tooth may be obtained by applying to exposed dentin of the hypersensitive tooth a dentifrice having a composition as follows:

Percent by weight 10 Potassium bicarbonate or Potassium chloride 0.1 - 20.0 Sodium monofluorophosphate0.2 - 3.0 Water 10.0 - 50.0 Glycerin 0.0 - 30.0 ]5 Sorbitol solution 0.0 - 30.0 Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate 5.0 - 40.0 Dicalcium phospha-te anhydrous 0.5 - 15.0 Sodium lauryl sulfate 0.5 - 2.0 Hydroxyethyl cellulose 0.5 - 2.0 20 Flavvriny agent 0.5 ~ 2.0 S~ ica 0.1 - 1.0 Sodium saccharin 0.005 - 0.5 Methyl paraben 0.1 - 1.0 Propyl paraben 0.1 - 1.0 25 FD&C Blue ~1 o.o - 0.2 FD&C Yellow ~10 0.0 - 0.2 3~

Example 2 Mouthwash A decrease in the frequency of sensory nerve activity of a hype.rsensitive tooth may be achieved by applying to exposed dentin of the hypersensi-tlve tooth a mouthwash having a composition as follows:

Percent by weight Potassium bicarbonate or potassium chloride 0.1 - 20.0 Sodium monofluorophosphate 0.2 - 3.0 Alcohol 2.0 - 30.0 Glycerin 2.0 - 15.0 15 Sorbitol 2.0 - 15.0 Flavor 0~05 - 0.8 Polysorbate 60 0.5 - 2.0 Sodium saccharin 0.05 - 0.5 Sodium benzoate 0.05 - 0.2 20 FD&C dye 0.0 - 1.0 Water 0.0 -100.0 ~3~

Example 3 ~n Acute Model for Recording Sensor~ Nerve Activity In order to determine and to record sensory nerve activity in subject animals (cats), the following model was de-veloped.

Following anesthetization with sodium pentobarbital (i.v., 30 mg/kg), and artificial ventilation, two dentinal cavi-ties were prepar~d as recording cavities on the buccal surface of the tooth. One recording cavity was prepared over the incisal pulp horn, and the other within the gingival part of the crown~ A third cavity was prepared on the lingual surface of the incisal cavity into which various desensi-tizing agents were placed. Low impedance platinum elec-trodes were placed in each of the two recording cavities in contact with exposed dentin, and the recording cavities were Eilled with a solution of isotonic saline. rrhe recording cavities were ins~llated with silicone paste, to avoid salt bridge Eormation between the cavities. Electrical poten-t:ial between the platinum electrodes was amplified for Erequency analysis by electrophysiological equipment. The nerve response elicited by applying g% NaCl hypertonic solution to the third cavity was used to establish baseline activity (i.e., the baseline sensory nerve activity level).
In all experiments, a 1 minute application of testing agents was followed by reapplication of the 9% NaCl hypertonic solution. The effect on sensory activity was compared to the baseline sensory nerve activity. A 30 minute interval with frequent saline flushing of the third cavity was permitted between testing different agents to allow for the reestab-lishment of baseline sensory nerve activity levels.

Examele 4 COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTS

In comparative experiments the agents and concentrations tested were as follows: K2C2O4 (0.094M, 0.189M, 0.378M, 0.756M); KCl (0.189M, 0.378M, 0.756M); KHCO3 (0.189M, 0.378M~ 0.756M); Na2C2O4 (0.094M, 0.189M) and NaHCO3 (0.189M, 0.756M).

10 For each concentra-tion of K2C2O4, KCl, KHCO3, and Na2C2O4, 10 experimental animals (cats) were used. In the case of NaHCO3, 8 animals were used at 0.189M, 6 at 0.756M.
Additionally, the Eollowing agent and concentrations were tested: NaNO3 (0.254M, 0.756~, 1.099M, 2.473M). However, limited data is available on these experiments with NaNO3 since only Z experimental animals were used.

The results of these experiments are shown in the accom-panying bar graphs, Figures I, II, III and IV. As will be seen, KHCO3 effects the greatest reduction Oe sensory nerve impulse at all concentratlons studied followed by KCl.

'rhe superiority of KHCO3 and KCl as sensory nerve activity inhibitors is made more clear by se-tting forth the data of Figures I and II in comparative form, i.e., Figures III and IV. Figure III compares the relative levels of sensory nerve impulse activity as a percentage of the baseline sensory nerve activity following treatment with K2C2O4, KCl and KHCO3, while Figure IV includes further data comp-aring the relative levels of sensory nerve impulse activity following treatmen-t with Na2C2O4, NaHCO3 and NaNO3 at var-ious concentrations.

Figure I shows clearly that at equivalent concentrations, KHCO3 reduces sensory nerve impulse activity better than ~;;3B~

K2C2O4, KCl, Na2C2~, and NaHCO3, and be-tter than NaNO3 even at a greater concentration. Figure I also shows that KC1 is superior at equivalent concen-trations to all agents tested except KHCO3. Figure II shows that KHCO3 continues to show superior results compared to K2C2O4, KCl, and NaHCO3 at a concentration of 0.756 mole/liter. Figures III and IV show that over a wide range of concentration first KHCO3 and then KCl are the most effective agents for inhibiting sensory nerve activity and desensitizing hypersensitive dentin.
Potassium bicarbonate is thus the preferred agent for de-sensitizing hypersensitive dentin and for inhibiting ele-vated sensory nerve activity. Potassium chloride although not quite as effective is nevertheless more effective than any of the other agents tested. One of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains would understand that the model employed may be extended to apply to human beings.
At concentrations from about 0. Olr~ to solution saturation potassium bicarbonate and potassium chloride are more ef-fective than other agents when used for desensitizing hy-persensitive den~in or reducing sensory nerve activity in hypersensitlve teeth.

Claims (9)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A composition for application to the surface of exposed dentin of a hypersensitive tooth of a subject, for reducing sensory nerve activity in the tooth or for desensitizing hypersensitive dentin, comprising potassium bicarbonate in an amount effective to reduce the sensory nerve activity of the hypersensitive tooth, together with dentally acceptable carrier.
2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the carrier is a suitable dentifrice, mouthwash or chewing gum formulation.
3. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is an aqueous solution and the amount of potassium bicarbonate is from about 1.0 mg/mL
to about 360 mg/mL of the composition.
4. A composition according to claim 3, wherein the amount of potassium bicarbonate is from about 5 mg/mL to about 250 mg/mL of the composition.

...2
5. A composition of claim 1, further comprising potassium chloride.
6. A composition for application to the surface of exposed dentin of a hypersensitive tooth of a subject, for reducing sensory nerve activity in the tooth or for desensitizing hypersensitive dentin, consisting essentially of potassium chloride in an amount effective to reduce the sensory nerve activity of the hypersensitive tooth, together with a dentally acceptable carrier.
7. A composition according to claim 6, wherein the carrier is a suitable dentifrice, mouthwash or chewing gum formulation.
8. A composition according to claim 6, wherein the composition is an aqueous solution and the amount of potassium bicarbonate is from 0.7 mg/mSL to about 360 mg/mL of the composition.
9. A composition according to claim 6, wherein the amount of potassium bicarbonate is from about 3.5 mg/mL to about 185 mg/mL of this composition.
CA000474255A 1984-03-13 1985-02-14 Method of desensitizing hypersensitive dentin employing compositions containing potassium salts Expired CA1253808A (en)

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US06/589,163 US4631185A (en) 1984-03-13 1984-03-13 Method of desensitizing hypersensitive dentin employing compositions containing potassium salts
US589,163 1984-03-13

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US (2) US4631185A (en)
EP (1) EP0187757B1 (en)
JP (2) JPH0830003B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE74501T1 (en)
AU (1) AU570772B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1253808A (en)
DE (1) DE3585830D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1985004098A1 (en)

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DE3585830D1 (en) 1992-05-14
ATE74501T1 (en) 1992-04-15
AU570772B2 (en) 1988-03-24
WO1985004098A1 (en) 1985-09-26
JPH0830003B2 (en) 1996-03-27
US4751072A (en) 1988-06-14
EP0187757B1 (en) 1992-04-08
US4631185A (en) 1986-12-23
EP0187757A4 (en) 1988-02-23
EP0187757A1 (en) 1986-07-23
AU3881185A (en) 1985-10-11
JPH0899886A (en) 1996-04-16
JPS61501389A (en) 1986-07-10

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