CA1268934A - Soil sealing compositions and methods - Google Patents
Soil sealing compositions and methodsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1268934A CA1268934A CA000535546A CA535546A CA1268934A CA 1268934 A CA1268934 A CA 1268934A CA 000535546 A CA000535546 A CA 000535546A CA 535546 A CA535546 A CA 535546A CA 1268934 A CA1268934 A CA 1268934A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- monomer
- weight
- polymer
- monomers
- acrylamide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S507/00—Earth boring, well treating, and oil field chemistry
- Y10S507/935—Enhanced oil recovery
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Soil Sealing Compositions and Methods A soil sealing composition suitable for reducing the permeability of soil to water contaminated with electrolyte comprises an expanding lattice clay and a water soluble or water swellable polymer having a molecular weight of at least 500,000 and that is a copolymer of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulphonic acid, or certain other ethylenically unsaturated sulphonic acids, together with other ethylenically unsaturated monomer, preferably a blend of acrylamide and acrylic acid.
Soil Sealing Compositions and Methods A soil sealing composition suitable for reducing the permeability of soil to water contaminated with electrolyte comprises an expanding lattice clay and a water soluble or water swellable polymer having a molecular weight of at least 500,000 and that is a copolymer of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulphonic acid, or certain other ethylenically unsaturated sulphonic acids, together with other ethylenically unsaturated monomer, preferably a blend of acrylamide and acrylic acid.
Description
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SOIL SEALING COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS
It is well known to seal the soil around, for instance, ponds, lagoons or ditches so as to reduce water seepage through it. One way of doing this is by applying to the soil a mixture of an expanding lattice clay and a synthetic polymer. In US 3520140 a cross linked, powdered polymer is used. In US 3772893 a linear high molecular weight polymer is used. A wide variety of polymers are named including, for instance, polymers made using vinyl sulphonic acid but these are not exempliiedO
Certain acrylate polymers are proposed in US 3986365.
Unfortunately the seepage resistance properties are usually detrimentally affecte~ by the presence of water soluble contaminants, particularly inorganic salts and especially polyvalent metal ions such as calcium and magnesium, in the water contained by the soil or in the water that is initially added to the polymer in the soil.
It is often recommended therefore to h~drate the polymer and clay in the soil mixture (or applied as a suspension) using good quality water prior to introduction of any~
contaminants. Even then the contaminants will eventually damage the clay barrier and allow a higher leve~ o seepage. In US 3949560 and 4021402 dispersants are included with the high molecular weight polymer and these may achieve some improvement in properties.
; It has been our object to devise soil sealing compositions and methods that are not so sensitive to contamination by, especially, polyvalent metal salts in ~; 30 the water that is to be retained.
-~ A soil sealîng composition according to the invention comprises an expanding lattice clay and a water soluble or water swellable polymer that has a molecular weight of at least 500,000 and that is a copolymer of ~ 35 ,' ~;~ :
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r~ 2 ~'~6~ 34 A) 15 to 90% by weight of at least one monomer selected from allyl sulphonic acid and ~onomers of the formula R1 _ C - R4 H I R5 where R3 and R4 are each Cl 6 alkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstit-uted aryl, and C6 12 aralkyl, Rl and R are selected from the same groups as R and R and hydrogen, and R5 is hydrogen or Cl 6 alkyl and B) 85 to 10% by weight of leas~ one other ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
Rl and R are preferably hydrogen or C1 4 alkyl, e~
they may both be hydrogen ox one may be hydrogen and the ; other methyl. R5 is preferably methyl or, most preferably, hydrogen. R3 and R4 are preferably both C1 14 alkyl, especially methyl, or one may be methyl and the other phenyl.
. The pre~erred monomer A is 2-acrylamido 2-methyl propane sulphonic acid (AMPS, trade mark~. All monomers A are usually present as water soluble salts, usually the sodium salt.
The monomers B should be water soluble or a water soluble blend and are usually carboxylic acid or nonionic acrylic monomers. Suitable carboxylic acid monomers include methacrylic, itaconic, maleic and, preferably, acrylic acid usually present as a water soluble salt, usually the sodium salt. SuitabIe ~nonionic monomers nclude Imeth) acrylamide and N alkyl (meth) acrylamide, preferably acrylamide~.
; It is particularly preferred to use a blend of ;~ ~ nonionic and carboxylic acid monomers, mos~ preferably ~ ~ 35 acr~ylamide and acrylic acid (usually as sodium salt~.
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The amount of monomer A must be not more than 90% by weight but must be at least 15~ since lower or higher amounts give inferior results. Preferably the amount i5 at least 20 or, preferably at least 25% and most preferably it is at least 35~. This is very surprising as it might be expected that the homopolymer would give best results and that quite low amounts of monomer A
would be as good as medium amounts of the monomer. The amount of monomer A is preferably below ~0~ and best results are obtained with below 70~. The amount is preferably at least 40%, most preferably 40 to 65% by weight.
When monomer B is a blend of sodium acrylate and acrylamide the amount of each is generally in the range
SOIL SEALING COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS
It is well known to seal the soil around, for instance, ponds, lagoons or ditches so as to reduce water seepage through it. One way of doing this is by applying to the soil a mixture of an expanding lattice clay and a synthetic polymer. In US 3520140 a cross linked, powdered polymer is used. In US 3772893 a linear high molecular weight polymer is used. A wide variety of polymers are named including, for instance, polymers made using vinyl sulphonic acid but these are not exempliiedO
Certain acrylate polymers are proposed in US 3986365.
Unfortunately the seepage resistance properties are usually detrimentally affecte~ by the presence of water soluble contaminants, particularly inorganic salts and especially polyvalent metal ions such as calcium and magnesium, in the water contained by the soil or in the water that is initially added to the polymer in the soil.
It is often recommended therefore to h~drate the polymer and clay in the soil mixture (or applied as a suspension) using good quality water prior to introduction of any~
contaminants. Even then the contaminants will eventually damage the clay barrier and allow a higher leve~ o seepage. In US 3949560 and 4021402 dispersants are included with the high molecular weight polymer and these may achieve some improvement in properties.
; It has been our object to devise soil sealing compositions and methods that are not so sensitive to contamination by, especially, polyvalent metal salts in ~; 30 the water that is to be retained.
-~ A soil sealîng composition according to the invention comprises an expanding lattice clay and a water soluble or water swellable polymer that has a molecular weight of at least 500,000 and that is a copolymer of ~ 35 ,' ~;~ :
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r~ 2 ~'~6~ 34 A) 15 to 90% by weight of at least one monomer selected from allyl sulphonic acid and ~onomers of the formula R1 _ C - R4 H I R5 where R3 and R4 are each Cl 6 alkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstit-uted aryl, and C6 12 aralkyl, Rl and R are selected from the same groups as R and R and hydrogen, and R5 is hydrogen or Cl 6 alkyl and B) 85 to 10% by weight of leas~ one other ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
Rl and R are preferably hydrogen or C1 4 alkyl, e~
they may both be hydrogen ox one may be hydrogen and the ; other methyl. R5 is preferably methyl or, most preferably, hydrogen. R3 and R4 are preferably both C1 14 alkyl, especially methyl, or one may be methyl and the other phenyl.
. The pre~erred monomer A is 2-acrylamido 2-methyl propane sulphonic acid (AMPS, trade mark~. All monomers A are usually present as water soluble salts, usually the sodium salt.
The monomers B should be water soluble or a water soluble blend and are usually carboxylic acid or nonionic acrylic monomers. Suitable carboxylic acid monomers include methacrylic, itaconic, maleic and, preferably, acrylic acid usually present as a water soluble salt, usually the sodium salt. SuitabIe ~nonionic monomers nclude Imeth) acrylamide and N alkyl (meth) acrylamide, preferably acrylamide~.
; It is particularly preferred to use a blend of ;~ ~ nonionic and carboxylic acid monomers, mos~ preferably ~ ~ 35 acr~ylamide and acrylic acid (usually as sodium salt~.
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The amount of monomer A must be not more than 90% by weight but must be at least 15~ since lower or higher amounts give inferior results. Preferably the amount i5 at least 20 or, preferably at least 25% and most preferably it is at least 35~. This is very surprising as it might be expected that the homopolymer would give best results and that quite low amounts of monomer A
would be as good as medium amounts of the monomer. The amount of monomer A is preferably below ~0~ and best results are obtained with below 70~. The amount is preferably at least 40%, most preferably 40 to 65% by weight.
When monomer B is a blend of sodium acrylate and acrylamide the amount of each is generally in the range
2.5 to 70~. The amount of acrylamide is preferably 10 to 70% most preferably 30 to 60%, and the amount of sodium acrylate (or other salt of acrylic acid) is preferably 2.5 to 30%, most preferably 5 to 15% by weight. The molecular weight of the polymer is preferably at least 1 ; 20 million, eg 2 to 10 million , and may be higher, eg up to million or more~. The intrinsic VisGosity is generally at least 2 or 3, and often is in the range 5 to ` The polymer is preferably water soluble and linear, but cross linked polymers can be used, especially if the amount of cross linking is low so that the polymers are highly swellable or partially soluble.
The polymer may have been made by polymerisation in conventional manner, eg gel polymerisation followed by ~30 ~ drying and comminution, or reverse phase bead ; polymerisation followed by dryin~ and separation of the beads. The resultant powder may have any desired '~particle size, eg in the range 50 ~m to 2 mm, hut small particles (eg below 100 ~m) are preferred if the polymer is not wholly solu~le. Alternatively the polymer may . ~. . , ,: ~. .:
.. ... . ..
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The polymer may have been made by polymerisation in conventional manner, eg gel polymerisation followed by ~30 ~ drying and comminution, or reverse phase bead ; polymerisation followed by dryin~ and separation of the beads. The resultant powder may have any desired '~particle size, eg in the range 50 ~m to 2 mm, hut small particles (eg below 100 ~m) are preferred if the polymer is not wholly solu~le. Alternatively the polymer may . ~. . , ,: ~. .:
.. ... . ..
:: . :
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~ 4 have been made by reverse phase polymerisation to a particle size of, eg below 10 ~m and may be supplied as a dispersion (usually a dry dispersion) of polymer in oil.
The lattice clay may be any expanding lattice clay suitable for soil sealants, and generally is a bentonite.
Examples are montmorillonite, hectonite, saponite and nontronite.
The amount of polymer (dry weight1 is usually 0.05 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 5%, most preferably 0.2 to 2%, based on the blend of clay and polymer.
The composition is preferably a dry blend of the polymer and the clay.
The invention includes a method of soil sealing in which a clay and a polymer as defined above (preferably as a preformed composition) are mixed with the soil that is to be sealed and water is incorporated in the mixture.
The method may be performed by applying a slurry of polymer, clay and water to the soil, eg over the soil, but preferably the soil, clay and polymer are mixed without deliberate addition of water (eg by digging a powder composition or a blend of clay and latex polymer,-i~to the soil) and the mixture is then wetted. Usually the mix~ure is compacted in known manner, generally ` before wetting.
The water used for the wetting can be contaminated water (eg the water that is to be retained by the soil) ~` but it is often preferred to use water that is substantially free of impurities (eg ordinary tap water).
The amount of water should be sufficient to swell the clay and swell or dlssolve the polymer and is generally in excess.
The following are examples. Every polymer that was tested had a molecular weight above 1 million.
For simplicity all evaluations to define the impermeability of the cIay/polymer barrier have been by ;-'': :
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pressure filtration tests at 100 psi measuring the rateof filtrate loss from a 5~ suspension. Ideally, tests should be carxied out laying down a layer of soil incorporating the clay additive, applying water ~o build 5 up a hydrostatic head above the soil barrier and measuring the equilibrium rate of percolation through the barrier.
The following polymers were tested. ACM is acrylamide, MaAc is sodium acrylate and Na ~MPS is the 10 sodium salt of amps.
A - Acrylamide homopolymer B 30:70 Na acrylate/ACM copolymer C ~ 50 50 n D - Na A~lPS homopolymer 15 E* - 60:7.5:32.4 Na ~MPS/Na Ac/ACM copolymer F* - 50:7.5:42.5 " n ~ ~I n G* - 40:7.5:52.5 - 30:7.5:62.5 " " " ~ "
~ I* - 50:10:40 :~ 20 J - 25:10:65 " " " " "
:~ ~ K - 25:5:70 n ~ n n L* - 60:7:33 ~ n n n n M* - 50:50 Na AMPS/ACM copolymer N* - 50:S0 Na AMPSlNaAc 25 O - 40:60 NaAc/ACM copolymer cross linked to ~ be highly water swelling but not ,~. soluble :`. P - N-Vinyl N-methyl acetamide homopolymer (known to be very resistant to calcium impurities) - 30 Those marked * are the preferred products of the invention.
Example 1 A 5% suspension in water of ~lay A including 1%
polymer addition on clay was prepared and allowed to ~35 hydrate for 24 hours. Contaminants wer0 applied at 0.5~
;~on total volume, thoroughly mixed and left to stand for ..;
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at least 24 hours. After remixing, the slurry was placed in a pressure filtration cell and the quantity of filtrate given at a differential pressure of 100 psi through a Whatman No 50 filter paper wa~ measured after a 30 minute period.
TABLE la - Fluid loss (cc) with Various Contaminants Polymer NONE Sample B Sample D
Contaminant 10 CaC12 73 71 63 MgC12 72 61 57 Diesel oil 16.5 10.5 13.5 NONE 16.5 12.5 13 Table lb - Fluid loss with 0.5 CaC12 .
Polymer ~one A B C D E* F* G* ~ I* J K L* M* N* O P
__ Fluid :loss (cc) 73 64 71 53.5 63 35 38 39 66 38 60 64 39 ~1 47 70 57 Example 2 ~:This series is the same as in Example 1 but using an alternative bentonitic clay, Clay B.
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Table 2a - Eluid loss (cc) wi~y~s~D
Polymer NONE Sample B Sample 1 Contaminant CaC12 78 112 76 McC12 76.5 76.5 76.8 Diesel oil 22 13 15.5 NONE 20.5 13.5 16.5 Table 23~ - Fluid Loss wi~h 0 . 596 CaCl~
Polymer None B D E* F* G* H I* J K L* M* 21*
Flu~d loss (cc) 7~ 112 76 45 46 46 96 50 70 90 41 51 56 ` ~20 .:
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~ 4 have been made by reverse phase polymerisation to a particle size of, eg below 10 ~m and may be supplied as a dispersion (usually a dry dispersion) of polymer in oil.
The lattice clay may be any expanding lattice clay suitable for soil sealants, and generally is a bentonite.
Examples are montmorillonite, hectonite, saponite and nontronite.
The amount of polymer (dry weight1 is usually 0.05 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 5%, most preferably 0.2 to 2%, based on the blend of clay and polymer.
The composition is preferably a dry blend of the polymer and the clay.
The invention includes a method of soil sealing in which a clay and a polymer as defined above (preferably as a preformed composition) are mixed with the soil that is to be sealed and water is incorporated in the mixture.
The method may be performed by applying a slurry of polymer, clay and water to the soil, eg over the soil, but preferably the soil, clay and polymer are mixed without deliberate addition of water (eg by digging a powder composition or a blend of clay and latex polymer,-i~to the soil) and the mixture is then wetted. Usually the mix~ure is compacted in known manner, generally ` before wetting.
The water used for the wetting can be contaminated water (eg the water that is to be retained by the soil) ~` but it is often preferred to use water that is substantially free of impurities (eg ordinary tap water).
The amount of water should be sufficient to swell the clay and swell or dlssolve the polymer and is generally in excess.
The following are examples. Every polymer that was tested had a molecular weight above 1 million.
For simplicity all evaluations to define the impermeability of the cIay/polymer barrier have been by ;-'': :
'~' ~, ,`
. .
. . ~ :,., :
: " :. . . ~ .
93~
pressure filtration tests at 100 psi measuring the rateof filtrate loss from a 5~ suspension. Ideally, tests should be carxied out laying down a layer of soil incorporating the clay additive, applying water ~o build 5 up a hydrostatic head above the soil barrier and measuring the equilibrium rate of percolation through the barrier.
The following polymers were tested. ACM is acrylamide, MaAc is sodium acrylate and Na ~MPS is the 10 sodium salt of amps.
A - Acrylamide homopolymer B 30:70 Na acrylate/ACM copolymer C ~ 50 50 n D - Na A~lPS homopolymer 15 E* - 60:7.5:32.4 Na ~MPS/Na Ac/ACM copolymer F* - 50:7.5:42.5 " n ~ ~I n G* - 40:7.5:52.5 - 30:7.5:62.5 " " " ~ "
~ I* - 50:10:40 :~ 20 J - 25:10:65 " " " " "
:~ ~ K - 25:5:70 n ~ n n L* - 60:7:33 ~ n n n n M* - 50:50 Na AMPS/ACM copolymer N* - 50:S0 Na AMPSlNaAc 25 O - 40:60 NaAc/ACM copolymer cross linked to ~ be highly water swelling but not ,~. soluble :`. P - N-Vinyl N-methyl acetamide homopolymer (known to be very resistant to calcium impurities) - 30 Those marked * are the preferred products of the invention.
Example 1 A 5% suspension in water of ~lay A including 1%
polymer addition on clay was prepared and allowed to ~35 hydrate for 24 hours. Contaminants wer0 applied at 0.5~
;~on total volume, thoroughly mixed and left to stand for ..;
~;, . , .; ;: : : :
:: :. :- ,. ..
- : . . . .... ..
, ~
: . ;: :: :-:. :. . ~ :
~: . : ..
,. : .:: ,, :: . : . .. : : :
~ 393~
at least 24 hours. After remixing, the slurry was placed in a pressure filtration cell and the quantity of filtrate given at a differential pressure of 100 psi through a Whatman No 50 filter paper wa~ measured after a 30 minute period.
TABLE la - Fluid loss (cc) with Various Contaminants Polymer NONE Sample B Sample D
Contaminant 10 CaC12 73 71 63 MgC12 72 61 57 Diesel oil 16.5 10.5 13.5 NONE 16.5 12.5 13 Table lb - Fluid loss with 0.5 CaC12 .
Polymer ~one A B C D E* F* G* ~ I* J K L* M* N* O P
__ Fluid :loss (cc) 73 64 71 53.5 63 35 38 39 66 38 60 64 39 ~1 47 70 57 Example 2 ~:This series is the same as in Example 1 but using an alternative bentonitic clay, Clay B.
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Table 2a - Eluid loss (cc) wi~y~s~D
Polymer NONE Sample B Sample 1 Contaminant CaC12 78 112 76 McC12 76.5 76.5 76.8 Diesel oil 22 13 15.5 NONE 20.5 13.5 16.5 Table 23~ - Fluid Loss wi~h 0 . 596 CaCl~
Polymer None B D E* F* G* H I* J K L* M* 21*
Flu~d loss (cc) 7~ 112 76 45 46 46 96 50 70 90 41 51 56 ` ~20 .:
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Claims (18)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of reducing the permeability of soil to water, the method comprising forming a mixture of the soil, water, an expanding lattice clay, and ~ water soluble or water swellable polymer in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by weight of the clay and polymer, and in which the polymer has a molecular weight of at least 500,000 and is a copolymer of A) 15 to 90% by weight of at least one monomer selected from allyl sulphonic acid and monomers of the formula where R3 and R4 are each C1-6 alkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, and C6-12 aralkyl, R1 and R2 are selected from the same groups as R3 and R4 and hydrogen, and R5 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl and B) 85 to 10% by weight of least one other ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
2. A method according to claim 1 in which monomer A is 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulphonic acid.
3. A method according to claim 1 in which the amount of monomer A is 25 to 70% by weight of the monomers.
4. A method according to claim 1 in which the amount of monomer A is 35 to 70% by weight of the monomers.
5. A method according to claim 1 in which monomer B is selected from ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers and acrylamide.
6. A method according to claim 1 in which monomer B is a blend of 2.5 to 70% acrylic acid or a salt thereof and 10 to 70% acrylamide, the amounts being by weight based on the total weight of monomers.
7. A method according to claim 1 in which monomer B is a blend of 2.5 to 30% sodium acrylatle and 10 to 60%
acrylamide, the amounts being by weight based on the total weight of monomers.
acrylamide, the amounts being by weight based on the total weight of monomers.
8. A method according to claim 1 in which the polymer is a linear water soluble polymer.
9. A method according to claim 1 in which the polymer has a molecular weight of 2 to 10 million.
10. A soil sealing composition comprising an expanding lattice clay and a water soluble or water swellable polymer that has a molecular weight of at least 500,000 and that is present in an amount of 0,05 to 10% by weight of the clay and polymer, and in which the polymer is a copolymer ofA) 15 to 90% by weight of at least one monomer selected from allyl sulphonic acid and monomers of the formula where R3 and R4 are each C1-6 alkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, and C6-12 aralkyl, R1 and R2 are selected from the same groups as R3 and R4 and hydrogen, and R5 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl and B) 85 to 10% by weight of least one other ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
11. A composition according to claim 10 in which monomer A is 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulphonic acid.
12. A composition according to claim 10 in which the amount of monomer A is 25 to 70% by weight of the monomers.
13. A composition according to claim 10 in which the amount of monomer A is 35 to 70% by weight of the monomers.
14. A composition according to claim 10 in which monomer B is selected from ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers and acrylamide.
15. A composition according to claim 10 in which monomer B is a blend of 2.5 to 70% acrylic acid or a salt thereof and 10 to 70% acrylamide, the amounts being by weight based on the total weight of monomers.
16. A composition according to claim 10 in which monomer B is a blend of 2.5 to 30% sodium acrylate and 10 to 60%
acrylamide, the amounts being by weight based on the total weight of monomers.
acrylamide, the amounts being by weight based on the total weight of monomers.
17. A composition according to claim 10 in which the polymer is a linear water soluble polymer.
18. A composition according to claim 10 in which the polymer has a molecular weight of 2 to 10 million.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8610762 | 1986-05-02 | ||
| GB868610762A GB8610762D0 (en) | 1986-05-02 | 1986-05-02 | Soil sealing compositions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1268934A true CA1268934A (en) | 1990-05-15 |
Family
ID=10597237
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000535546A Expired - Lifetime CA1268934A (en) | 1986-05-02 | 1987-04-24 | Soil sealing compositions and methods |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4669920A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0244981B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU588104B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1268934A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3782085T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2052557T3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB8610762D0 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA873130B (en) |
Families Citing this family (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8627175D0 (en) * | 1986-11-13 | 1986-12-10 | Allied Colloids Ltd | Treatment of inorganic particles |
| US4865129A (en) * | 1986-12-24 | 1989-09-12 | American Cyanamid Company | High temperature profile modification agents and methods for using same |
| US4788228A (en) * | 1986-12-24 | 1988-11-29 | American Cyanamid Company | High temperature profile modification agents and methods for using same |
| US4861499A (en) * | 1987-10-13 | 1989-08-29 | American Cyanamid Company | Water-dispersible hydrophobic thickening agent |
| HU201582B (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1990-11-28 | Vizepitoeipari Troeszt | Method for producing barrier layer improving the water and nutrient recycling of soils |
| US5120344A (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1992-06-09 | Altalanos Iparfejlesztesi Rt. | Method for producing a barrier layer in soil |
| DE68908447T2 (en) * | 1988-03-28 | 1993-12-23 | Altalanos Iparfejlesztesi Rt B | Process for the production of gels from mineral clays and polymers, which can absorb water reversibly. |
| EP0335612B1 (en) * | 1988-03-28 | 1993-01-27 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Limited | Dust suppressant for minerals |
| US5069720A (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1991-12-03 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Method and composition for the reduction of ammonia emissions from non-acidic residue |
| FR2635333B1 (en) * | 1988-08-11 | 1994-04-15 | Boulard Remi | PROCESS FOR TREATING SOILS AND PRODUCT FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME |
| AT392779B (en) * | 1989-08-31 | 1991-06-10 | Chemie Linz Gmbh | FLOOR CONDITIONING AGENT |
| US5002431A (en) * | 1989-12-05 | 1991-03-26 | Marathon Oil Company | Method of forming a horizontal contamination barrier |
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| DE4418646A1 (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-11-30 | Sued Chemie Ag | Swellable smectite sealing layer |
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| NL1014690C2 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2001-09-21 | Trisoplast Int Bv | Clay containing mixture or dilution mixture which can form a moisture resistant gel and use of that mixture and dilution mixture. |
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| US7407993B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2008-08-05 | Terra Novo, Inc. | Compositions and methods for resisting soil erosion and fire retardation |
| US20100125111A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2010-05-20 | Scott Harrison | Compositions and methods for resisting soil erosion and fire retardation |
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| US20090028650A1 (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2009-01-29 | Dennis Delamore | Composition and method for increasing resistance to erosion |
| CA2806060A1 (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-02-09 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Soil stabilizer containing carbonaceous material and methods for using same |
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| US11384186B2 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2022-07-12 | Clariant International Ltd | Polymer comprising certain level of bio-based carbon |
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| US3772893A (en) * | 1972-06-07 | 1973-11-20 | Dow Chemical Co | Soil sealing method |
| US3832229A (en) * | 1972-10-06 | 1974-08-27 | Nalco Chemical Co | Method of using latex polymer formulations for seepage control |
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| US4293427A (en) * | 1979-03-09 | 1981-10-06 | Milchem Incorporated | Drilling fluid containing a copolymer filtration control agent |
| US4354875A (en) * | 1981-10-30 | 1982-10-19 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Controlling the curing time of alkali metal silicates using derivatives of glyoxal |
| US4592931A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1986-06-03 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Method for soil stabilization and fugitive dust control |
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| US4536305A (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1985-08-20 | Halliburton Company | Methods for stabilizing swelling clays or migrating fines in subterranean formations |
-
1986
- 1986-05-02 GB GB868610762A patent/GB8610762D0/en active Pending
- 1986-07-25 US US06/890,751 patent/US4669920A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1987
- 1987-04-22 DE DE8787303519T patent/DE3782085T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-04-22 EP EP87303519A patent/EP0244981B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-22 ES ES87303519T patent/ES2052557T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-24 CA CA000535546A patent/CA1268934A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-30 ZA ZA873130A patent/ZA873130B/en unknown
- 1987-05-01 AU AU72428/87A patent/AU588104B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU588104B2 (en) | 1989-09-07 |
| US4669920A (en) | 1987-06-02 |
| EP0244981B1 (en) | 1992-10-07 |
| DE3782085D1 (en) | 1992-11-12 |
| DE3782085T2 (en) | 1993-04-08 |
| ES2052557T3 (en) | 1994-07-16 |
| GB8610762D0 (en) | 1986-06-11 |
| EP0244981A3 (en) | 1989-05-10 |
| EP0244981A2 (en) | 1987-11-11 |
| ZA873130B (en) | 1988-05-02 |
| AU7242887A (en) | 1987-11-05 |
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