CA1276665C - Vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization having curved multi-stepped edged portion - Google Patents

Vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization having curved multi-stepped edged portion

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Publication number
CA1276665C
CA1276665C CA000508957A CA508957A CA1276665C CA 1276665 C CA1276665 C CA 1276665C CA 000508957 A CA000508957 A CA 000508957A CA 508957 A CA508957 A CA 508957A CA 1276665 C CA1276665 C CA 1276665C
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
liquid
vibrating element
edged portion
stepped
ultrasonic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
CA000508957A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Daijiro Hosogai
Masami Endo
Kakuro Kokubo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tonen General Sekiyu KK
Original Assignee
Toa Nenryo Kogyyo KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toa Nenryo Kogyyo KK filed Critical Toa Nenryo Kogyyo KK
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1276665C publication Critical patent/CA1276665C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0607Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
    • B05B17/0623Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn
    • B05B17/063Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn having an internal channel for supplying the liquid or other fluent material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0607Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
    • B05B17/0623Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/04Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M69/041Injectors peculiar thereto having vibrating means for atomizing the fuel, e.g. with sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D11/00Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/34Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by ultrasonic means or other kinds of vibrations
    • F23D11/345Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by ultrasonic means or other kinds of vibrations with vibrating atomiser surfaces

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)

Abstract

ABSTRACT

A vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization having a multi-stepped edged portion formed around the outer or inner periphery of the element, said edged portion being adapted to be supplied with liquid to be pulverized and having one or more steps each defining an edge, characterized in that said multi-stepped edged portion is formed by continuous curved surfaces connecting adjacent edges or that recesses between adjacent edges are partly formed with curved surfaces.

Description

6~ o'tJ6 Vibrating Element for Ultrasonic Atomization hav_ng Curved Multi-Steppted Edged Portion Technical Field This invention relates generally to an ultrasonic atomizer or an ultrasonic injection nozzle, and particularly to a vibrating element for use with an ultrasonic injection nozzle for atomizing liquid intermittently or continuously.
Such vibrating element may be effectively used with (1) automobile fuel injection valves such as electronically controlled gasoline injection valves and electronically controlled diesel injection valves, (2) gas turbine fuel nozzles, (3) burners for use on industrial, commercial and domestic boilers, heating furnaces and stoves, (4) industrial liquid atomizers such as drying atomizers for drying liquid materials such as food-~, medicines, agricultural chemicals, fertilizers and the like, spray heads for controlling temperature and humidity, atomizers for calcining powders (pelletizing ceramics), spray coaters and reaction promoting devices, and (5) liquid atomi.zer for uses other than industrial ones, such as spreaders for agricultural chemicals and antiseptic solution.
Back~round Art Pressure atomizing burners or liquid spray heads have been heretofore used to atomize or pulverize liquid in the ~L27666S

various fields of art as mentioned above. The term "liquid" herein used is intended to mean not only liquid but also various liquid materials such as solution, suspension and the like. Injection nozzles used on such spray burners and liquid atomizers are adapted to pulverize the liquid by virtue of the shearing action between the liquid discharged through the nozzles and the ambient air (atmospheric air). Accordingly, increased pressure under which the liquid was supplied was required to achieve pulverization of the liquid, resulting in requiring complicated and large-sized liquid supplying facility such as pumps, piping and the like.
Furthermore, regulation of the flow rate of injection was effected by varying either the pressure under which to deliver supply liquid or the area of the nozzle outlet opening. However, the former method provided poor liquid pulverization at a low flow rate (under a low pressure), as a remedy for which air or steam was additionally used on medium or large-sized boilers to aid in pulverization of liquid, requiring more and more complicated and enlarged apparatus. On the other hand, the latter method required an extremely intricate construction of nozzle which was troublesome to control and maintain.
In order to overcome the drawbacks to such prior art injection nozzles, attempts have been made to impart ultrasonic waves to liquid material as it is injected out through the jet of the injection nozzle under pressure.
However, the conventional ultrasonic liquid injecting nozzle had so small capacity for spraying that it was unsuitable for use as such injection nozzle as described above which required a large amount of atomized liquid.
As a result of extensive researches and experiments conducted on the ultrasonic liquid pulverizing mechanism and the configuration of the ultrasonic vibrating element in an attempt to accomplish pulverization of a large amount of liquid, the present inventors have discovered that it is possible to pulverize a large quantity of liquid by providing an ultrasonic vibrating element formed at its end with an edged portion along which liquid may be delivered in a film form, and have proposed an ultrasonic injection nozzle based on said concept as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 59-77572.
The present inventors have discovered through further studies and experiments on the configuration of the vibrating element for such ultrasonic injection nozzle that the configuration of the vibrating element has a great effect on the amount of liquid being pulverized or atomized and the liquid "drainability" of the element during a short cycle injection as required when used with diesel injection valves, for example.

The present invention is based on such novel knowledge and relates to improvements on the ultrasonic injection nozzle of the type according to the invention of the aforesaid earlier patent application, and particularly to improvements on the vibrating element for use with such ultrasonic injection nozzle or ultrasonic atomizing apparatus, and is characterized by the con~iguration of the vibrating element.
Summary of the Invention It is an object of this invention to provide a vibrating element for use with an ultrasonic injection nozzle which is capable of delivering liquid intermittently or continuously.
It is another object of the invention to provide a vibrating element for an ultrasonic injection nozzle which is capable of delivering and atomizing or spraying a large quantity of liquid as compaxed with the conventional injection nozzle and ultrasonic injection nozzle.
It is still another object of the invention to provide a vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization which is able to eliminate liquid stagnation and improving the drainability or cutting-off of spray as required in a diesel injection valve or the like.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization which is capable of accomplishing consistent pulverization in that there is no change in the conditions of pulverization (flow rate and ~276665 particle size) depending upon the properties, particularly the viscosity of the supply liquid.

According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization having a multi-stepped edge portion formed around a periphery of the element, said multi-stepped edge portion being adapted to be supplied with a liquid from a single liquid source, said multi-stepped edged portion having at least two steps, each said step defining an edge, each said edge servering and atomizing said lU liquid as said liquld serially flows from one said step to sald next step, said edges being interconnected by a curved surface..

According to another aspect thereof there is provided a vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization having a multi-stepped edged portion formed around an inner periphery of theelement, said multi-stepped edged portion being adapted to be supplied with a liquid from a single liquld source, said multi-stepped edged portion having at least two steps, each said step defining an edge, each said edge severing and atomizing said 2U liquid as said liquid serially flo~s from one said step to said next step, said edges being interconnected by a curved surface.
According to a still further aspect of the present lnvention there is provided said curved surface being a continuously curved , surface. Suitably a vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization 2~ using multi-stepped edged portion formed around an outer periphery of the element, said multi-stepped edged portion being adapted to be supplied with a liquid from a single liquid source, said multi-stepped edged portion having at least two steps, each said step deflnlng an edge, each said edge severing and atomlzlng 3~ sald llquid as said liquid serially flows from one said step to said next step, sald edges being interconnected by a curved surface.

Thus according to the present invention the vibrating 3~ element for ultrasonic atomization being formed around lts outer ,~

~276665 or inner periphery with a multi-stepped edged portion having at least two steps each defining an edge, said edged portion being supplied with liquid for pulverization, said multi-stepped edged portion comprising successively connected continuous curved surfaces or said steps are partly formed with a curved surface.

Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figs. 1 to 3 are fragmentary front views of various embodiments of the ultrasonic atomizing vibratory element according to the present invention;

- Flgs. 4 and 5 are fragmentary cross-sectional views of lS alternate embodiments of the ultrasonic atomizing vibratory element according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary front view of the edged portion of a prior art vibrating element;

, :

- 5a -;., i27666S

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an ultrasonic injection nozzle equipped with a prior art vibrating element which may be replaced by an ultrasonic atomizing vibratory element according to the present invention; and Fig. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the ultrasonic atomizing vibratory element according to the present invention.
Description of the Embodiments First, a typical example of the prior art ultrasonic injection nozzle with which a vibrating element according to this invention may be used will be described with reference to Fig. 7.
While the present invention may be suitably used for nozzles of various applications as indicated herein above, it will be described with reference to an electronically controlled diesel engine injection valve.
Referring to Fig. 7, an injection nozzle which is a diesel engine injection valve 10 in the illustrated example includes a generally cylindrical elongated valve body 8 having a central bore 6 extending through the center thereof.
Disposed extending through the central bore 6 is a vibrating element 1 which includes an upper body portion la, an elongated cylindrical vibrator shank lb having a diameter smaller than that of the body portion la, and a transition 12'7666S

portion lc connecting the body portion la and the shank lb.
The body portion la has an enlarged diameter flange ld which is attached to the valve body 8 by a shoulder 12 formed in the upper end of the valve body and an annular vibrator retainer 14 fastened to the upper end face of the valve body by bolts (not shown).
The forward end of the vibrating element 1, that is, the forward end of the shank lb is formed with an edged portion 2 the details of which are shown in Fig. 6. The valve body 8 is formed through its lower portion with one or more supply passages 4 for feeding said edged portion 2 with fuel. The fuel inlet part 16 of the supply passage is fed with liquid fuel through an exterior supply line (not shown) from an external source of fuel (not shown).
The flow and flow rate of fuel are controlled by a supply valve (not shown) disposed in the exterior supply line.
With the construction described above, the vibrating element 1 is continuously vibrated by an ultrasonic generator 100 operatively connected to the body portion la. Liquid fuel is thus supplied through the exterior line, the supply valve and the supply passage 4 to the edged portion 2 where the fuel is pulverized and discharged out.
As illustrated in Fig. 6, the edged portion 2 of the prior art vibrating element 1 comprises a plurality of (five in Fig. 6) annular steps having progressively reduced diameters.

~276665 More specifically, with the construction described above, as liquid which is fuel in the illustrated example is passed to the edged portion 2, the stream of fuel is severed and pulverized at each edge due to the vertical vibrations imparted to the vibrating element 1. Fuel is first partially pulverized at the edge A of the first step, and the excess portion of the fuel which has not been handled at the first step edge A is fed further through the second step edge B, third step edge C and so on to be handled thereby. It is to be understood that at a higher flow rate of fuel a larger effective area is required for pulverization, requiring a greater number of step edges. At a lower flow rate, however, a smaller number of steps are required before the pulverization of fuel is completed. With the vibrating element 1 as described above, the number of steps required will vary with changes in the flow rate so as to insure generally uniform conditions such as the thickness of liquid film at the location of each step where the pulverization takes place, resulting in uniform particle size of the droplets being pulverized. In addition, the vibrating element of this type accommodates a full range of flow rates usually required for pulverization, so that pulverization of various types of liquid material may be accomplished, whether it may be on an inter-mittent basis or a continuous basis.
The geometry of the edged portion of the vibrating element ~276665 1 such as the shape, height (h) and width of each step of the edged portion of the vibrating element as shown in Fig. 6 was such tha~ the edge of each step might act to reduce the liquid to a thin film and dam the liquid flow.
However, with the vibrating element 1 having such configuration, the successive edges A, B, C, D, and E are separated from each other so that recesses A', B', C' and D
are defined between each adjacent edges in which recesses liquid or fuel F is held as a pool. Even though the vibrating element 1 is vibrating, it cannot finish injecting the fuel F held in the recesses A' - D' for pulverization within one short lime cycle of the engine operation (compression, expansion, exhaustion and suction processes), resulting in decreasing the time available for combustion of the fuel droplets after injected until the exhaustion process starts, so that soot tends to be produced due to incomplete combustion.
After the vibrating element 1 is stopped, some of the fuel is retained as a pool at the tip of the element while remaining unpulverized and will fall off the tip in droplets into the engine cylinder in process of time. Thus, a phenomenon which is called "poor spray drainability" occurs. This phenomenon should be avoided by all means in a diesel engine injection valve or the like.
The present inventors have discovered that such phenomenon may be eliminated by interconnecting the edges A, B, C, D and _ g _ ~27666S

E by continuous curved surfaces to thereby remove the recesses A', B', C' and D' where fuel F may be held as a pool.
Referring now to Fig. 1, an embodiment of the ultrasonic vibrating element according to this invention is illustrated.
The vibrating element lA is similar to the prior art vibrating element 1 shown in Fig. 6 in that it has an edged portion 2A
comprising a plurality of (five in the embodiment of Fig. 1) annular steps, but is significantly distinguished in that the edges A, B, C, D and E are connected together by continuous curved lines (continuous curved surfaces) Rl, R2, R3 and R4.
The continuous curved lines (continuous curved surfaces) Rl, R2, R3 and R4 may have the same radius of curvature or different radii from each other. The number of steps formed in the edged portion 2A is not limited to five, but may be two, three or four, or even more than six. The height h of the edged portion 2A, the radius of curvature R of the continuous curved surfaces, and the diameter d of the tip end or the angle of cone ~ are such as to reduce the liquid stream to a thin film and dam the liquid flow.
With such construction, the edged portion 2A of the vibrating element is free of recesses or wells where a pool of liquid may be held, whereby it provides for very good spray "drainability". Furthermore, the vibrating element according to this invention has also the advantage that since the multi-stepped edges are defined by connecting curved surfaces ~276665 in series, the effective vibrating surface area is increased to thereby provide an increased capacity for pulverizing liquid.
The vibrating element according to the teaching of this invention is not limited to the configuration as illustrated in Fig. 1 but may be embodied in various forms as shown in Figs. 2 to 5, for exampLe.
The vibrating element lB shown in Fig. 2 has an edged portion 2B comprising one or more annular steps (five steps in the embodiment of Fig. 2) having an equal diameter. The shape of the edged portion 2B as viewed in the direction indicated by the arrow X is not limited to a circle but may be triangular, square or any other polygonal shape.
Fig. 3 illustrates an alternate form of the vibrating element according to this invention. The vibrating element lC in this embodiment has an edged portion 2C comprising annular concentric steps having progressively increased diameters, as opposed to the vibrating element lA of Fig. 1.
Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate vibrating elements lD and lE
according to still other embodiments of this invention in which the multi-stepped edged portion comprises one or more steps formed around the inner periphery of the lower end portion of the element. In these embodiments it is to be noted that the edged portions 2D and 2E are supplied with liquid through liquid supply passages 4 formed through the i27666~;

vibrating elements lD and lE.
In the embodiments described above, the multi-stepped edged portion is formed by connecting continuous curved surfaces in series. However, taking the embodiment of Fig.
1 for example, the continuous curved surfaces Rl, R2, R3, R4 need not necessarily have the same radius of curvature, but may be defined by connecting curved lines of different radii of curvature or by a succession of curved and straight lines.
~ ne example of such embodiment is a vibrating element lF illustrated in Fig. 8 in which the recesses between adjacent edges A, B, C, D and ~ are formed by continuous curved surfaces Rl, R2, R3, and R4, each surface defined by a succession of curved and straight lines, as in the vibrating element lA of Fig. 1 in which the recesses between the edges are defined by concave surfaces Rl, R2, R3 and R4.
In summary, of most importance to the present invention is it that a liquid path extending between adjacent edges be free of any step or recess in which a pool of liquid may be held.
An actual example of various parameters and dimensions applicable to the ultrasonic injection atomizing apparatus according to this invention is as follows: It has been found that such apparatus is capable of providing a large capacity for pulverization.

Output of ultrasonic vibration generating means: 10 watts Amplitude of vibrating element: 34 ~m Frequency of vibration: 38 KHz Geometry of vibrating element (shown in Fig. 1) Diameter and radius of curvature R of edged portion First step: Diameter Do 7 mm Second step: R. 0.5 mm Third step: R. 0.5 mm Fourth step: R. 0.5 mm Fifth step: R. 0.5 mm Height h of each step: 2 mm Type of fuel: Gas oil Flow rate of fuel: ~ 0.06 cm per injection Injection pressure: 1 - 70 kg/cm2 Temperature of fuel: Normal temperature Material for vibrating element: Titanium Effects of the Invention As explained hereinabove, it is to be appreciated that the ultrasonic atomizing vibratory element having a unique configuration according to this invention provides greatly improved spray "drainability" and an increase in the effective vibrating surface area, hence an increase in the capacity for pulverization, and further provides stable pulverization with no substantial changes in the pulverization conditions such as flow rate and particle size depending on the properties, particularly the viscosity of supply liquid.

Claims (6)

1. A vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization having a multi-stepped edged portion formed around a periphery of the element, said multi-stepped edged portion being adapted to be supplied with a liquid from a single liquid source, said multi-stepped edged portion having at least two steps, each said step defining an edge, each said edge severing and atomizing said liquid as said liquid serially flows from one said step to said next step, said edges being interconnected by a curved surface.
2. The vibrating element according to claim 1 wherein said curved surface being a continuously curved surface.
3. A vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization having a multi-stepped edged portion formed around an inner periphery of the element, said multi-stepped edged portion being adapted to be supplied with a liquid from a single liquid source, said multi-stepped edged portion having at least two steps, each said step defining an edge, each said edge severing and atomizing said liquid as said liquid serially flows from one said step to said next step, said edges being interconnected by a curved surface.
4. The vibrating element according to claim 3 wherein said curved surface being a continuously curved surface.
5. A vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization using multi-stepped edged portion formed around an outer periphery of the element, said multi-stepped edged portion being adapted to be supplied with a liquid from a single liquid source, said multi-stepped edged portion having at least two steps, each said step defining an edge, each said edge severing and atomizing said liquid as said liquid serially flows from one said step to said next step, said edges being interconnected by a curved surface.
6. The vibrating element according to claim 5 wherein said curve surface being a continuously curved surface.
CA000508957A 1985-05-13 1986-05-12 Vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization having curved multi-stepped edged portion Expired - Lifetime CA1276665C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60100936A JPS61259781A (en) 1985-05-13 1985-05-13 Vibrator for ultrasonic pulverization having curved multistage edge part
JP100936/1985 1985-05-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1276665C true CA1276665C (en) 1990-11-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000508957A Expired - Lifetime CA1276665C (en) 1985-05-13 1986-05-12 Vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization having curved multi-stepped edged portion

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US4726522A (en)
EP (1) EP0202101B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61259781A (en)
CA (1) CA1276665C (en)
DE (1) DE3662029D1 (en)

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EP0202101B1 (en) 1989-02-08
EP0202101A1 (en) 1986-11-20
US4726522A (en) 1988-02-23
DE3662029D1 (en) 1989-03-16
JPS61259781A (en) 1986-11-18

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