CA1282065C

CA1282065C - Antihypertensive agents comprising 2- alkynyladenosines as active ingredients

Info

Publication number: CA1282065C
Application number: CA000521169A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Tadashi Miyasaka; Akira Matsuda; Haruhiko Machida; Toichi Abiru
Original assignee: Yamasa Shoyu KK
Current assignee: Yamasa Shoyu KK
Priority date: 1985-10-25
Filing date: 1986-10-22
Publication date: 1991-03-26
Anticipated expiration: 2008-03-26
Also published as: DE3683823D1; ATE72448T1; KR870003782A; JPS6299395A; EP0219876B1; EP0219876A3; US4956345A; EP0219876A2; JPH0133477B2

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A 2-alkynyladenosine represented by general formula [I]:
[I]
wherein n is an integer of from 2 to 15, has been found to have excellent properties as an antihypertensive agent. On the basis of this finding, the present invention has provided an antihypertensive agent comprising an antihypertensive effective amount of a compound of the above formula [I] and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The present invention also discloses a novel compound 2-alkynyladenosine of formula [I] shown above wherein n is 6 to 15.

Description

82~)65 ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS COMPRISING

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an antihypertensive agent comprising a 2-alkynyladenosine as an active ingredient.
~eretofore, adenosine has been used for the treatment of cardiac incompetency, myocardial infarction, arterial sclerosis and angina pectoris. This compound, however, exhibits a strong transient pharmacological - effect when taken up into organisms and is known to be rapidly deaminated by adenosine deaminase or taken up into red blood cells and tissues to lose its activity.
Adenosine also exhibits a strong suppressive effect on the heart as a side efect.
In order to improve the pharmacological activity of adenosine, impart thereto resistance to adenosine deaminase and mitigate undesirable side effects, a variety of adenosine analogues have been prepared synthetically.
With respect to 2-substituted adenosines, various compounds have been synthesized. For example, 2-alkylthioadenosines, 2-phenylaminoadenosines and the like exhibiting such physiological activities as adenosine ~ deaminase inhibitor effect, coronary vasodilator effect, ;~ platelet aggregation inhibitor effect and antiviral effect have so far been obtained.
We have previously synthesized 2-alkynyladenosines of the following formula as 2-substituted adenosine derivatives each having a substituent introduced by a carbon-carbon bond in the 2 position of adenosine:
,,~

`
, ~

: `

~ ~ ' :

~ 6S

RC3C ~ N
HO ~ O ~
', 10 ~

;, ~ - ~
wherein R is Si (CH3)3~ H~ Ph, CH20H~ CH2CH20H~ CH(OH)CH3r ( CH2 ) 2CH3 r ( CH2 ) 3CH3 j ( C~2 ) 4CH3 or (C~2)5C~13, and have found that these compounds have an inhibitory effect on the IgE-mediated 48-hr. passive cutaneous '~ anaphylaxis reaction in rats. (Nucleic Acids Research y~ Symposium Series No.12, pp. 5 ~ 8 (1983) and Chem. Pharm.
Bull. Vol. 33, pp. 1766 ~ 1769 (1985)) i~ ~ Numerous pharmaceutical preparations have been 7~ developed to date as antihypertensive agents. In view of the nature of the disease, pharmaceutical preparations must be administered over a long period of time in many cases. The intake of pharmaceutical preparations over a long peirod of time may sometimes induce drug resistance therefor or side effects. For this reason, stepwise 3 pharmacotherapy is generally so adopted that a particular pharmaceutical is selected with due consideration for t age, severity of hypertension, complications and the like and another pharmaceutical preparation having a different z function mechanism is further used in combination .~ depending upon the symptoms.
At present, no pharmaceutical preparations comprising compounds having adenosine skeletons are used as antihypertensive agents, and it would thus be highly ~ . , .

.

3 ~ 065 profitable for the treatment of hypertension to provide antihypertensive agents comprising adenosine derivatives.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
As a result of our intensive researches directed to the development of novel 2-substituted adenosine derivatives useful as antihypertensive agents, we have found that 2-alkynyladenosines having an alkynyl group in the 2 position exhibit excellent properties as antihypertensive agents. On the basis of this finding, we have arrived at the present invention.
More specifically, this invention provides an antihypertensive agent comprising an antihypertensive effective amount of a 2-alkynyladenosine represented by general formula [I]:

.

:!(1 T~ N 7 :~ CH3(CH2)"C e C N N [I]
HO ~ O

HO OH

wherein n is an integer of from 2 to 15, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Among the 2-alkynyladenosines of the above formula [I] which form active ingredients of the pharmaceutical ; preparations of the present invention, a 2-alkynyladenosine with a short-chain alkynyl substituent represented by formula [I-A] (hereinafter referred to as "short-chain alkynyl substituent compound"):

' . .

4 l~ ;S

CH3(cH2)~c=c N N [I-A]
EO ~ O ~
~
~O OH

wherein n is an integer of from 2 to 5, is per se a known compound (ibid.) but a 2-alkynyladenosine with a long-chain alkynyl substituent represented by ~ormula ~I-B] (hereinafter referred to as "long-chain alkynyl substituent compound"):
N:E~2 CH~(CH~)"C=C 1N~(N7 [IB]
HO ~ O

HO OH

wherein n is an integer of from 6 to 15, :- is a novel compound. The present invention, therefore, 3~ also provides a novel 2-alkynyIadenosine compound of the above formula [I-B].

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8~5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The 2-alkynyladenosine of the formula [I] shown supra which forms an active ingredient of the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention can be synthesized by reacting a 2-halogenoadenosine of general formula ~II]:

X ~ ~ N ~ ~]
HO ~ O ~
, ~ , HO OH

- wherein X is iodine or bromine, with an alkyne of general formula [III]:
. . . . . .
` 25 ~ CH-c[cH2]ncH3 [m]
.~ .
wherein n is an integer of from 2 to 15, in a solvent in the presence of bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride and cuprous iodide.
Depending upon the desired compound among those of the present invention, an alkyne having the corresponding "n'l is selected.
For the solvent, basic solvents such as a solvent mixture of triethylamine and N,N-dimethylformamide are used. Triethylamine can be replaced by a tertiary amine such as tributylamine, trioctylamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,8-naphthalenediamine, dimethylaniline, . .
-, ' - ,: , ~ ' . ~ -' ' : -6 ~ z~s diethylaniline or pyridine, while N,N-dimethylformamide can be replaced by a non-proton polar solvent such as M,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or acetonitrile.
The reaction terminates in several hours at room temperature to solvent reflu~ temperature.
The compounds of the present invention can be isolated by any conventional separation and purification method. ~or example, adsorption chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, extraction or recrystallization is applied for the isolation.
The pharmaceutical preparations of the present invention are clinically utilized for the treatment of hypertension.
~he pharmaceutical preparations of this invention are administered to patients orally, by injection, intrarectally or via topical administration. These preparations, when administered, are made by a conventional method into dosage forms suited for the desired route of administration. For example, solid form preparations such as tablets, powders, dragees, granules, sublingual tablets and capsules or liquid form preparations such as syrups, suspensions and elixirs are suitable for oral administration, in~ections for administration by means of a syringe, suppositories and ointments for intrarectal administration, and poultices for topical administration.
In the process of preparation, suitable additives such as binders, vehicles, lubricantsr disintegrators, 3~ emulsifiers, suspending agents, antiseptics, stabilizers, solubilizing agents, taste conditioners, and sweeteners can be selected and used as necessary from a pharmaceutical point of view.
The optimum doses of the pharmaceutical preparations are determined according, for example, to the dosage form, severity of diseases, age and body weight.

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For oral administration, for example, the pharmaceutical preparation comprising a short-chain 2-alkynyladenosine of the formula [I-A] as an active ingredient is administered to an adult generally at a dose level of the order or 0.1 to 5 mg/kg/day while that comprisin~ a long-chain 2-alkynyladenosine of the formula [I-B] as an active ingredient is administered at a dose level of the order of 0.1 to 10 mg/kg/day.
The long-chain 2-alkynyladenosine, especially the compounds of the formula [I-B] wherein n is an integer of ; from 11 to 15, among the active ingredients of the pharmaceutical preparations of the present invention exhibits mild hypotensive effect of long duration coupled with relatively low toxicity and minimal side effects~
15As a result of animal tests with normotensive rats (NR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats ~SHR), the pharmaceutical preparations were further found to act on SHR selectively and barely affect normotension.
~` It has been found by us that also the known short-~20 chain 2-alkynyladenosine has hypotensive effect, but -;~shows more drastic hypotensive effect than the long-chain alkynyl substituent compound and acts equally on normotension while having higher toxicity.
In view of the foregoing, the long-chain 2-alkynyladenosine of the present invention can be said tobe endowed with excellent properties that the known short-chain alkynyl substituent compound does not possess. It can also be said that, preferably, the short-chain 2-alkynyladenosine is used at lower dose levels than those for the long-chain alkynyl substituent compound.
EXAMPLES
Preparation of the compound of the present invention .
6.0 g o~ 6-chloro-2-iodo-9-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-~-D-ribofuranosyl) purine was added to 60 ml of methanol plus - ammonia (saturated at 0C) to cause reaction at a temperature of 60C for 17 hours in a sealed tube. The ; , . -~:
, - .
, ~ :

' 8 ~L28XC~

reaction solution was cooled, then degassed, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Crystallization of the residue from water afforded 3.94 g of 2-iodoadenosine (90~ yield) having a melting point of 141C to 144C.
393 mg (1 mmole) of the ~-iodoadenosine was dissolved in 10 ml of dimethylformamide plus 3 ml of triethylamine, and to the solution ob-tained were added 21 mg of bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride and 12 mg of cuprous iodide. To the resulting solution was added an alkyne (1.1 equivalent) in an argon stream, and - the mixture was stirred under heat at 80C. After the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was dissolved in methanol, and hydrogen sulfide was passed through the solution for one minute. The precipitate formed was filtered off, and the - filtrate was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel and recrystallized from ;` methanol or methanol-water to obtain 2-alkynyladenosine.
The reaction time, yield, melting point and infrared absorption spectrum are shown in TABLE 1.

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_~ o o o o o o o o o o ~ V C~ ~ N C~ C`~ ~ CJ ~
H C`l C~ C`l C`l C~ C`l C~ C`:l :: _ O c~ ~ o~ o ~ ~
b~V c~ 1 0 C~
a~ ~ co ~ CO
N C`l ~1 0 C`J C~ C~ ~ C~

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~d o u~ ~ a~ 0 0 c~
Il~ ~ 00 C~
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~: . o . . , ~ ~ C ~ X V ~ 5~ X
~q ~ N ~
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~: : ~ nl Ul 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 ~ ~ vyc)4 44yv44 ~Q :
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V :
: ~ ~
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`: ' ' ~L2~2~)6 Test Examples est 1: Effect of the test compounds on the blood pressure in SHR
To twelve- to fifteen-week-old male SHRs were orally ; 5 administered test compounds each suspended in 0.5~
CMC/physiological saline at a rate of 2 ml/kg. The blood pressure of the thus treated SHRs was measured by means of a tail artery sphygmomanometer (supplied by Nalco Co., Model PE-300) prior to the oral administration and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours thereafter. Reduction in blood pressure was calculated on the basis of the values thus obtained, and the maximum reduction levels attained by the respéctive compounds are summarized in TABLE 2. Each ~ test compound was evaluated with a group of 4 rats.

;~ TABLE2 _. _ . Reduction in blood Compound No. I~ose (mg/kg) pressure 2 0 (-~max, mmEg) . _ _ _ : :' 2(n = 3) 1 >136 4(n = 5) 1 69 _ ..

5(n = 7) 3 106 6(n--9) 3 65 7(n = 11) : 3 - 65 . . ~ 8(1t = 13) 3 48 ~9(n = 14) 3 35 .~ lO(n = 15) 3 ~6 :~ _ _ _.
~:
As is apparent from TABLE 2, all of the 2-alkynyladenosines exhibited hypotensive effect: the shorter the alkynyl substituent chain, the more drastic was the hypotensive effect while the longer the chain, the milder was the effect. Further, sedative effec~ was observed in the groups of rats administered with Compounds 2 to 4.
Test 2: Effect of the test compounds on the blood pressure in SHR

^ . - ~

;
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11 ~2~6~

Thirty-two-week-old male SHRs (divided into groups of three rats each) were anesthetized with urethane (1.1 g/kg, i.p.), and the blood pressure of each of the rats delivered from the common carotid artery was recorded on 5 a polygraph through a pressure transducer lModel MPU-0.5).
The pharmaceutical preparation was administered through a cannula inserted into the femoral vein of the rat at a rate of 0.5 ml/kg, and the blood pressure was 10 measured continuously from before administration to 30 - minutes after administration. The maximum levels of reduction in blood pressure were as set forth in TABLE
3.

_ .
Reduction in blood Compound No. Dose ~ug/kg) pressure (-~max, mmEIg) . ~ _ _.
. 20 6(n = 9) 100 20 7(n= 11) 100 al 8~n = 13) 100 16 '.
~ .
Test 3: Effect of- the test compounds on the -blood 25pressure in NR
;The procedurë of Test 2 was followed with 10- to 12-week-old male Wistar rats ~divided into groups of three rats each) to measure the hypotensive effects of the respective pharmaceutical preparations (100 ~ugJkg).
Simultaneously, the change in heart rate was measured.
The heart rate was measured by an ictometer based on the systolic blood pressure as a trigger. The results obtained wexe as shown in TABLE 4.

, ' ..
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: ' 12 ~ 0~5 TABL: 3 4 l~eduction in blood Change in heart rate Compound No. pressure ~-~max, mmHg) (~HR) l(n = 2) 21 48 2(n = 3) 42 - 36 3(n = 4) 48 - 180 4(n = 5) 55 - 288 5(n = 7) 24 - 18 106(n = 9) 26 - 12 _ 7(n = 11) 10 0 8(n = 13) 5 0 9(n = 14) 3 - 6 lO(n--15) 10 - 5 From the data given in TABLE 4 it has been found that the long-chain alkynyl substituent compound wherein n is 11 or more has far less effect on the blood pressure of normotensive rats than the short-chain alkynyl substituent compound wherein n is 5 or less. It has also been noted that the long-chain compound has less influence on heart rate than the short-chain compound.
The overall results set forth in TABLES 3 and 4 show that Compound 6~n=9) exhibited substantialiy equal hypotensive effect on SHR and NR while Compounds 7(n=11) and 8(n=13~ acted selectively on S~Ro Test 4: Effect of the test compound~ on the blood pressure in SHR and NR
Eighteen- to twenty-week-old male SHR (divided into groups of four rats each) and eighteen- to twenty-week-old male Wistar rats (divided into groups of four rats each) were orally administered with Compound 8(n=13) in the same manner as in Test 2 at a dose of 10 mg/kg, and ~, the blood pressure of each of the rats was measured. The results obtained are incorporated in TABLE 5.

~' .

13 ~ )6 TABLE ~

~leduction In blood pressure (-~, mmHg) _ 1 hr. after 2 hrs. after administrationadministration Wistar rat 16 24 ," 10 _.

As is apparent from TABLE 5, the tendency of Compound 8~n=13) to act selectively on SHR was also : observed in the case of oral administration.
: 15 Test 5: Acute toxicity The acute toxicity of Compound 8(n=13) was tested : with seven-weelc-old male Jcl:ICR mice.
The physically allowable doses of Compound 8 for intraperitoneal admi.nistration and oral administration were 800 mg/kg and 1,300 mg/kg, respectively~
: None of the mice administered with the test compound .:~ at these maximum doses, divided into groups of five mice each, died, so that the LD50 values for intraperitoneal . administration and oral. administration were estimated respectively at more than 800 mg/kg and more than 1,300 mg/kg. :
When Compound 6~n=9) was tested by a similar procedure, on the other hand, all the five mice forming one group died with intraperitoneal administration of 500 mg/kg oE the test compound.
As is noted from the above data, the effective amount of Compound 8 is 3 mg/kg while the LDso thereof is more than 1,300 mg/kg, indicating a 400-fold or higher safety coefficient. The longer-chain alkynyl substituent : 35 compound such as Compound 8 was thus found to be less toxic than the long-chain alkynyl substituent compound - such as Compound 5.

', 14 1 2 ~ 06S

Formulation Examples Formulation 1: Tablets A total of 150 mg of a mixture comprising 20 mg of a long-chain alkynyl substituent compound of the present invention, 90 mg of lactose, 24 mg of corn starch, 10 mg of hydroxypropyl cellulose, and 6 mg of magnesium stearate was kneaded with water, and the resulting mixture was granulated for tableting purposes by a conventional method. After drying, the granules thus obtained were mixed with magnesium stearate to make tablets which were then formed into desired shape. In the case of a short-chain alkynyl substituent compound, tablets were formed in the same manner except that the quantity of the compound used was 10 mg.
Formulation 2: Granules 40 mg of a long-chain alkynyl substituent compound of the present invention, 200 mg of mannitol and 50 mg of lactose were mixed. The mixture was kneaded with an aqueous solution containing 10 mg of polyvinyl alcohol, granulated and dried to obtain granules. In the case of ~ a short-chain alkynyl substituent compound, granules were - prepared in the same manner except that the quantity of the compound used was 20 mg.
Formulation 3:~Capsules Capsules were formulated by encapsulating the - ~ granules prepared for tableting purposes in Formulation .

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Claims

1. An antihypertensive agent comprising an antihypertensive effective amount of a 2-alkynyladenosine represented by general formula [I]:
[I]
wherein n is an integer of from 2 to 15, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

2. The antihypertensive agent according to claim 1 which comprises as an active ingredient a 2-alkynyladenosine of the general formula [I] wherein n is an integer of from 2 to 5.

3. The antihypertensive agent according to claim 1 which comprises as an active ingredient a 2-alkynyladenosine of the general formula [I] wherein n is an integer of from 6 to 15.

4. The antihypertensive agent according to claim 1 which comprises as an active ingredient a 2-alkynyladenosine of the general formula [I] wherein n is an integer of from 11 to 15.

5. A 2-alkynyladenosine represented by general formula [I-B]:
[I-B]
wherein n is an integer of from 6 to 15.

6. A 2-alkynyladenosine according to claim 5 wherein n is an integer of from 11 to 15.