CA1285346C - Storage-stable, radiation-hardenable, nco-free aqueous emulsions - Google Patents
Storage-stable, radiation-hardenable, nco-free aqueous emulsionsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1285346C CA1285346C CA000508420A CA508420A CA1285346C CA 1285346 C CA1285346 C CA 1285346C CA 000508420 A CA000508420 A CA 000508420A CA 508420 A CA508420 A CA 508420A CA 1285346 C CA1285346 C CA 1285346C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- nco
- equivalent
- extent
- nco groups
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- -1 hydroxyalkyl acrylate Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- SAZQYDIJRAMHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid;urea Chemical class NC(N)=O.OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O SAZQYDIJRAMHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 99
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical group OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-aminohexanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCC(O)=O SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- JCUZDQXWVYNXHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCC(C)CC(C)(C)CN JCUZDQXWVYNXHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate Chemical compound C1CC(N=C=O)CCC1CC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QXRRAZIZHCWBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC1(CN=C=O)CCCCC1 QXRRAZIZHCWBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alanine Chemical compound CC([NH3+])C([O-])=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940124277 aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003916 ethylene diamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229960002449 glycine Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013905 glycine and its sodium salt Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- AZIQALWHRUQPHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-eneperoxoic acid Chemical class OOC(=O)C=C AZIQALWHRUQPHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 61
- 229940022682 acetone Drugs 0.000 description 32
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 32
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229940113165 trimethylolpropane Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005510 radiation hardening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- WJIOHMVWGVGWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-[4-[(3-methylpyrazole-1-carbonyl)amino]butyl]pyrazole-1-carboxamide Chemical compound N1=C(C)C=CN1C(=O)NCCCCNC(=O)N1N=C(C)C=C1 WJIOHMVWGVGWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPXVRLXJHPTCPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)C(C)(C)O)C=C1 QPXVRLXJHPTCPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical class ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006069 SO3H Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003226 polyurethane urea Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical class OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/671—Unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/672—Esters of acrylic or alkyl acrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/81—Unsaturated isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/8141—Unsaturated isocyanates or isothiocyanates masked
- C08G18/815—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates masked with unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/8158—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates masked with unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen with unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/8175—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates masked with unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen with unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen with esters of acrylic or alkylacrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Storage-stable, radiation-hardenable, NCO-free aqueous emulsions based on ionic urethane-urea acrylates is disclosed. The emulsions are made up of partially acrylated cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates which have been acrylated by a hydroxyalkyl acrylate (to the extent of 10-60 equivalent-% NCO). These products are then reacted with polyhydroxy compounds (to the extent of 20-75 equivalent-% NCO), and then with sodium salts of aminocarboxylic acids to the extent of 5-15 equivalent-% NCO), and finally they are reacted with water and/or aliphatic diamines (said aliphatic diamines in amounts corresponding to 1-5 equivalent-% NCO). The reaction product of the cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate with the hydroxy acrylate compounds and the polyols is taken up into ordinary organic solvents, and these solvent-containing reaction products are converted with aqueous solutions of sodium salts of aminocarboxylic acids and then with water and/or with an amount of aliphatic diamines corresponding to 1-5 equivalent-% NCO, whereafter the organic solvent is distilled off.
Storage-stable, radiation-hardenable, NCO-free aqueous emulsions based on ionic urethane-urea acrylates is disclosed. The emulsions are made up of partially acrylated cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates which have been acrylated by a hydroxyalkyl acrylate (to the extent of 10-60 equivalent-% NCO). These products are then reacted with polyhydroxy compounds (to the extent of 20-75 equivalent-% NCO), and then with sodium salts of aminocarboxylic acids to the extent of 5-15 equivalent-% NCO), and finally they are reacted with water and/or aliphatic diamines (said aliphatic diamines in amounts corresponding to 1-5 equivalent-% NCO). The reaction product of the cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate with the hydroxy acrylate compounds and the polyols is taken up into ordinary organic solvents, and these solvent-containing reaction products are converted with aqueous solutions of sodium salts of aminocarboxylic acids and then with water and/or with an amount of aliphatic diamines corresponding to 1-5 equivalent-% NCO, whereafter the organic solvent is distilled off.
Description
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
STORAGE-STABLE, RADIATION-HARDENABLE, NCO-FREE AQUEOUS EMULSIONS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention This invention relates to radiation-hardenable resins useful in paint and varnish applications.
Discussion of the Background Radiation-hardenable resins possess characteristics which make them useful in paint and varnish applications.
The current state of development of such resins provides a hardened film having good mechanical properties, and the coating produced possesses good weather and chemical resistance.
The amount of monomers in these resins may be small or large, depending on the viscosity desired and the intended application. The monomers referred to are low molecular weight components -- so-called "reactive thinners". Examples are vinyl acetate, vinylpyrrolidone, and alkyl acrylate esters.
These systems however have disadvantages in coating absorptive or porous substrates. These disadvantages include (1) the possibility that the resin or some of its components will penetrate into the substrate, and (2) the hardening of the absorptive substra-te after hardening of the resin. In the case of ~7 -- 1 --L~
3~6 highly porous substrates, the portions of liquid which penetrate deeply do not become polymerized in the radiation-hardening step, or they become incompletely polymerized. ~hey remain in liquid form in the substrate.
These low molecular weight "reactive thinners"
find use in adjusting -the viscosity of the resin and regulating the layer thickness. They are used in amounts of 20-70 wt.% along with higher molecular weight resin components. In general, they present health hazards or have objec-tionable odors.
Even when all of the components of the resin system are polymerized to a high degree, i.e., when the "reactive thinners" are incorporated into the polymeri~ed system, the hardened film or coating will often retain the characteristic odor of the starting resin, even after hardening. This odor is essentially that of the "reactive thinners" and is perceived as objectionable. Also, it is difficult to employ resins containing "reactive thinners" to produce thin films having a thickness after hardening of 5 or 10 microns unless additional conventional solvents are incorporated.
These are evaporated prior to the radiation hardening.
Accordingly, the problem presented is to reduce or eliminate these disadvantages.
Reducing the quantity of "reactive thinners" used by adding water to these compositions leads to water-in-oil dispersions which, after hardening, yield 3~
serviceable films. A disadvantage with -this approach however is tha-t the oil-in-water dispersions formed are no-t stable, and that the "reactive thinners" are water-thinnable only to a limited degree. Another disadvantage is that after physical drying the films formed are initially tacky, objectionable odors are produced, and some of the "reactive thinners" are lost by evaporation.
Obtaining direct molten dispersions of acrylic resins in water without using low viscosity monomers is difficult. Such directly dispersed molten resins have high viscosities, and there is a risk of thermal activation of the acrylic components, i.e. premature polymerization, since such systems are susceptible to thermal activation at processing temperatures above 100C.
Accordingly, the technological solution of these problems requires the use of classial solvents (e.g., acetone) acting as diluents and suppressing the premature activation problems. After transfer of the system into an aqueous phase, the acetone components are removed by distillation, yielding a radiation-reactive aqueous dispersion which is free of both "reactive thinners" and organic solvents.
In view of the characteristics desired, urethane acrylic monomer systems are candidates for use in these systems, e.g., polyisocyanates can be partially - acrylated with the aid of hydroxyalkyl acrylates. The ,'~
~L2~3~;3~6 resin character of the urethane acrylate is effected by additional chemical reactions with polyols, to estab~ish the set of characteristics of the hardened film.
By incorporating a certain proportion of acid groups (e.g., -COOH, -SO3H, etc.), these resins can be water-dispersed with the aid of alkali hydroxides (e.g., NaOH, KOH). Also, such resins can be water dispersed with the aid of inorganic or organic acids, by incorporating a certain proportion of tertiary amines (hydroxyamines, etc.). ~fter removal of the acetone by distillation, a solvent-free aqueous solution or dispersion should theoretically remain.
But it has turned out, however, that resins produced by this scheme coagulate, either prior to the removal of the acetone or a few hours after the precipitation of the dispersion. Many aqueous dispersions form solid~ dry, matte films, and the dispersions coagulate after a short time (due to the fact that there are emulsified as well as suspended portions present).
When one starts with aliphatic diisocyanates, such as l,6-hexanediisocyanate (HDI~, methyl-1,6-hexane-diisocyanate, or trimethyl-1,6-hexanediisocyanate, stagewise acrylation, urethane-formation, and emulsifi-cation do not yield a stable emulsification of the resulting resin. If triols are used as co-components, the resin gelatinizes, and the triols are expelled to form suspended elements of the emulsion, with ;3~
subsequent paste-formation. When the film dries it forms a cracked, ma-tte layer, which is unusable.
There is -thus a strongly felt need for a storage-stable, radiation-hardenable, NCO-free aqueous emulsion not suffering the above disadvantages.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides a storage-stable aqueous emulsion and radiation-hardenable aqueous emulsion which is NCO-free.
In another aspect -the invention provides a storage-stable, radiation-hardenable, NCO-free aqueous emulsion which remains storage-stable after removal of an organic solvent, e.g. acetone, via distillation.
This invention also provides such aqueous emulsions which at room temperature yield glossy, non-tacky films and which after radiation-hardening yield serviceable coatings~
These emulsions are advantageously used with absorptive or porous substrates.
The inventor has now surprisingly, discovered an aqueous emulsion which has the aforementioned advantages and others which will become apparent from a reading of the disclosure given hereinbelow.
This invention relates to the inventor's discovery that starting with cyclic polyisocyana-tes which are partially converted with saturated or unsaturated ~285~
polyols, particularly triols~ one can convert the still NCO-containing acetonic prepolymer into an aqueous dispersion with aqueous solutions of sodium salts of monoaminocarboxylic acids, along with water and/or aliphatic diamines as reactants. Urea is formed.
After removal of the acetone by distillation, these aqueous dispersions form storage-stable aqueous anionlc emulsions which at room temperature yield glossy, non-tacky films. After radiation-hardening, they yield serviceable coatings.
Accordingly, this invention provides storage-stable, radiation hardenable, NCO-free aqueous emulsions based on ionic urethane-urea acrylates.
These emulsions are characteri~ed in that they are made up of at least one partially acrylated cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate, which is acrylated by a hydroxyalkyl acrylate (to the extent of 10-60 equivalent-% NCO).
The product is then reacted with a polyhydroxy compound ~to the extend of 20-75 equivalent-~ NCO), and then with a sodium salt of an aminocarboxylic acid (to the extent of 5-15 equivalent-~ NCO). Finally the resulting product is reacted with water and/or an aliphatic diamine (in amounts corresponding to 1-5 equivalent-~NCO).
In another aspect the invention provides a method of preparing such emulsions based on ionic urethane-urea acrylates, which aqueous emulsions are storage stable, radiation-hardenable and NCO-free.
~8~3~
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The method of this invention is characterized in that the reaction product of the cycloaliphatic polyisocyana~e with the hydroxy acrylate compounds and the polyols is taken up into an ordinary organic solvent. These solvent-containing reaction products are then combined with an aqueous solution of a sodium salt of an aminocarboxylic acid, and then with water and/or with an amount of an aliphatic diamine corresponding to 1-5 equivalent-% NCO. The organic solvent is then distilled off.
Urea segments are advantageous modifiers of the film-forming properties of polyurethanes wi-th respect to tear-resistance and stretching, as well as with respect to the wear properties and adhesion of the film. Because of the limited compatibility of urea groups with urethane groups in polyfunctional resin systems which are improved by suitable "reactive thinners" (e.g., vinylpyrrolidone or alkyl acrylates), it is surprising that the acrylic-urethane-urea aqueous emulsion of this invention is both free of any "reactive thinners", and compatible and stable.
The cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates used in this invention may be C5-C20 cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates.
They may be cyclic diisocyanates such as C5-C20 cyclic diisocyanates, including isophoronediisocyanate (IPDI), methylenebis~4-cyclohexylisocyanate) (Hylene-W), ,~
bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane (HXDI), and analogous substituted structures:
NCO
OCN{ 1~-- C112--~NCO r NCC) NCO
*
Isophoronedi- Hylene-W HXDI
isocyanate These cyclic diisocyanates may be used singly or in combination with each other.
A particularly suitable organic solvent which may be used is acetone. Other candidates include tetrahydrofuran and methyl ethyl ketone. The solvents can be used in combination with each other.
Suitable compounds for acrylating the dispersions of this invention are hydroxyalkyl acrylates, e.g. Cl to C10 hydroxyalkyl acrylates, preferably hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). Suitable polyols for urethane resin formation in the claimed dispersions are C2-C10 hydroxy esters and C2-C10 hydroxy ethers, particularly poly(l,4-dihydroxybutanes) with molecular weights of 500-2,000 (Mw); and also C2-C15 triols such as trimethylolpropane (IMP) or glycerine. The use of *Trade Mark ~r --8--~853~
any of these for the clalmed equivalent-pereents of NCO
is particularly suitable.
Suitable aminocarboxylic acids may be any C2-C15 ; aminoearboxylic acids, e.g., aminoacetie acid, aminobutyric acid, aminopropanoic acid, and partieularly aminohexanoie aeid. Suitable diamines may be any, C2-C15 diamines e.g., ethylenediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, isophoronediamine, and partieularly trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMD).
The most suitable emulsifier for emulsifying the resins of this invention is -the NCO-reaetive aminohexanole aeid (in -the form of its sodium salt).
It is formed in very simple fashion by saponifieation of eaprolactam with NaOH.
The resin is emulsified with the above-mentioned emulsifiers in the aeetone solution of the still NCO-eontaining resin in just a few minutes, with the formation of urea. After addition of the remaining amounts of water and diamine, and removal of acetone by distillation, a finely-dispersed urethane-urea-acrylic emulsion with high storage stability is obtained. The urea formation oceurs via the reaetion of an aminocarboxylic aeid, water, and a diamine.
The dispersions prepared in aeeordanee with this invention are also free of all other organie solvents or "reaetive thinners". Starting with about 55 pereent solids, they may be thinned with arbitrary amounts of water and applied. They may be pigmented or g ,~
thickened. They form high gloss films or coatings, but may alternatively be matted, i.e., caused to have a matte finish.
The dispersions prepared in accordance with this invention are stable when stored in darkness over a period of months. The radiation-hardened coatings are very light- and weather-stable; they may in addition be stabilized with the aid of stabilizers well known in the art.
The set of properties of the dispersions prepared according to this invention may be considered similar to those of the similarly structured polyurethane-urea acrylates which contain "reactive thinners". For example, they may be regarded as the same with respect to the film characteris-tic of the hardened resins (as demonstrated in the Examples). The present dispersions are particularly useful on absorbitive and porous substrates, such as paper, cardboard, textiles, fel~ts, wood, leather, etc. But they are also advantageously used on non-absorbitive and non-porous substrates.
In addition, in comparison to the above-described systems with "reactive thinners", these inventive aqueous dispersions are odorless systems, in resin Eorm after physical drying as well as after radiation-hardening.
There are no appreciable evaporation losses of organic components when the present aqueous dispersions are applied. And there are no detectable adverse environmental effects of their handling and use.
. ...
;i34~;
The overall set of characteristics of these dispersions is superior to that of the state of the art. These dispersions may, if necessary, be applied to non-absorptive substrates such as metals and plastics. For example, they bond well to bonderized metals or to plasticizer-containing plastics.
In a preferred embodiment of this invention, after having taken up into an organic solvent the reaction product of the partially acrylated cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates which have been reacted with a polyhydroxyl compound, the solvent-containing reaction product is combined with sodium salts of amino carboxylic acids and then with water and/or aliphatic amines. 70-30 weight % solids are obtained in the organic phase and from 60 to 30 weight percent solids are obtained in the aqueous phase. Preferably abou-t 50 percent by weight solids are obtained in the organic phase and from 50-40 percent solids are obtained in the aqueous phase.
Other features of the invention will become apparent in the course of the following description of exemplary embodiments which are given for illustration of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
'~ X
- .
~2~3~;;3a~
Example 1 (Comparison Example):
Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: 1,6-hexanediisocyanate-polyether (HDI-polyether), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA), Trimethylolpropane (TMP), and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
To receiving vessel containing 1,176 g of 1,6-hexanediisocyanate (HDI) (5 mol) and 2.8 g dibutyltin laurate (DBTL), the following mixture was added dropwise with stirring, at 25-35C, over a period of c. 2 hr:
i) 1,272.7 g of polytetrahydrofuran ether (2 mol) (m.w. about 650, OH number 176 mg KOH/g) (Terathane 650, manufactured by duPont), ii) 352.9 g of 2-HEA (3 mol) (OH number 476 mg KOH/g), and iii) 268 g of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) (2 mol).
The mixture obtained was then heated with stirring at 50-60 C for c. 3-4 hr, until formation of an NCO-containing resin (1.4-1.6 wt.% NCO). After addition of 3,071 g acetone, the material became gelatinized in the vessel.
'~;
..~ . .
~ ;285~46 Example 2 (Comparison Example):
Urethane-ure Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: Methyl-1,5-pentanediisocyanate (MPDI), Polyether, 2-HEA, Trime-thylolpropane (TMP), and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
In a manner analogous to Example 1, 1.176 g of MPDI (7 mol) was reacted.
Here the product gelatinized even before the addition of the acetone thinner.
Example 3 (Comparison Example):
Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: 1,6-hexanediisocyanate-polyether (HDI-polyether), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA~, and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
To a receiving flask containing 672 g of HDI (4 mol) and 1.1 g of DBTL, the following mixture was added dropwise with stirring, at 25-35C, over a period of c. 1 hr:
i) 1,272.7 g of polytetrahydrofuran ether (2 mol (OH number 176 mg KOH/g) (Tetrathane ~ 650, manufactured by duPont), and ii) 235.3 g of 2-HEA (2 mol) (OH number 476 mg KOH/g)~
~853~6 The resulting mixture was then heated with stirring at 50-60 C for c. 3-4 hr, until formation of an NCO-containing resin (3.9 wt.% NCO). After the addition of 2,181.1 g of acetone, 619 g aminohexanoic acid and sodium salt ~as a 30% aqueous solution) were added to the reaction product, with stirring, at 40-50C, over a period of 5 min~ Then 3,117 g of water was added to the reaction product~ The acetone was removed from the acetone-containing aqueous dispersion with a rotary evaporator. In the process, phase separation occurred, with partial sedimentation of the dispersion. Coating tests gave surface films which were dull (with a matte appearance) and cracked. After 24 hr, the suspension hardened to a solid mass.
Exam~le 4 (Comparison Example~:
Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: Methyl-1,5-pentanediisocyanate ~MPDI), Polyether, 2-HEA, and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
In a manner analogous to Example 3, 672 g of MPDI
(2 mol) was reacted. After distillative removal of the acetone component, the resulting fine-particle dispersion formed a matte film when applied to a surface. After storage for 24 hr, the dispersion had acquired a pasty consistency~ After thinning with _ 14 -/-f ~ ~
~35;~6 water, phase separation occurred, to yield a solid and water.
Example 5 (Comparison Example):
Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: Triimethyl-1,6-hexanediisocyanate (TMDI~, Polyether, 2-HEA, and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
In a manner analogous to Example 3, 840 g of TMDI
(4 mol) was reacted, up to the formation of an NCO-containing resin (3.6 wt.% NCO). After the addition of 2,349.1 g of acetone, 616 g of aminohexanoic acid as sodium salt (as a 30% aqueous solution) were added to the reactive product, with stirring, at 40-50C, over a period of 5 min. Then 3,369.8 g of water was added to the reaction product. The acetone was removed from the acetone-containing aqueous dispersion with a rotary evaporator. The dispersion formed matte, cracked films. After storage for 24 hr, phase separation occurred, to yield a solid and water.
_ 15 -~8~i3~
Example 6:
Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion.
Basis: IPDI-polyether, 2-HEA, Trimethylolpropane (TMP), and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
In a manner analogous to Example 1, 1,554 g of IPDI (7 mol) plus 3.4 g of DBTL were reacted (in place of the 1,6-hexanediisocyanate), up to the formation of an NCO-containing resin (1.4 wt.% NCO). After the addition of 3,451 g of acetone, 469.3 g aminohexanoic acid as sodium salt (as a 30% aqueous solution) were added to the reaction product, with stirring, at 40-50 C, over a period of 5 min. Then 5,059 g water was added to the reaction product. The ace-tone was removed from the acetone-containing aqueous dispersion in a rotary evaporator.
The solids content of the dispersion was c. 40 wt.~. The viscosity of the dispersion was 17 sec (DIN
STORAGE-STABLE, RADIATION-HARDENABLE, NCO-FREE AQUEOUS EMULSIONS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention This invention relates to radiation-hardenable resins useful in paint and varnish applications.
Discussion of the Background Radiation-hardenable resins possess characteristics which make them useful in paint and varnish applications.
The current state of development of such resins provides a hardened film having good mechanical properties, and the coating produced possesses good weather and chemical resistance.
The amount of monomers in these resins may be small or large, depending on the viscosity desired and the intended application. The monomers referred to are low molecular weight components -- so-called "reactive thinners". Examples are vinyl acetate, vinylpyrrolidone, and alkyl acrylate esters.
These systems however have disadvantages in coating absorptive or porous substrates. These disadvantages include (1) the possibility that the resin or some of its components will penetrate into the substrate, and (2) the hardening of the absorptive substra-te after hardening of the resin. In the case of ~7 -- 1 --L~
3~6 highly porous substrates, the portions of liquid which penetrate deeply do not become polymerized in the radiation-hardening step, or they become incompletely polymerized. ~hey remain in liquid form in the substrate.
These low molecular weight "reactive thinners"
find use in adjusting -the viscosity of the resin and regulating the layer thickness. They are used in amounts of 20-70 wt.% along with higher molecular weight resin components. In general, they present health hazards or have objec-tionable odors.
Even when all of the components of the resin system are polymerized to a high degree, i.e., when the "reactive thinners" are incorporated into the polymeri~ed system, the hardened film or coating will often retain the characteristic odor of the starting resin, even after hardening. This odor is essentially that of the "reactive thinners" and is perceived as objectionable. Also, it is difficult to employ resins containing "reactive thinners" to produce thin films having a thickness after hardening of 5 or 10 microns unless additional conventional solvents are incorporated.
These are evaporated prior to the radiation hardening.
Accordingly, the problem presented is to reduce or eliminate these disadvantages.
Reducing the quantity of "reactive thinners" used by adding water to these compositions leads to water-in-oil dispersions which, after hardening, yield 3~
serviceable films. A disadvantage with -this approach however is tha-t the oil-in-water dispersions formed are no-t stable, and that the "reactive thinners" are water-thinnable only to a limited degree. Another disadvantage is that after physical drying the films formed are initially tacky, objectionable odors are produced, and some of the "reactive thinners" are lost by evaporation.
Obtaining direct molten dispersions of acrylic resins in water without using low viscosity monomers is difficult. Such directly dispersed molten resins have high viscosities, and there is a risk of thermal activation of the acrylic components, i.e. premature polymerization, since such systems are susceptible to thermal activation at processing temperatures above 100C.
Accordingly, the technological solution of these problems requires the use of classial solvents (e.g., acetone) acting as diluents and suppressing the premature activation problems. After transfer of the system into an aqueous phase, the acetone components are removed by distillation, yielding a radiation-reactive aqueous dispersion which is free of both "reactive thinners" and organic solvents.
In view of the characteristics desired, urethane acrylic monomer systems are candidates for use in these systems, e.g., polyisocyanates can be partially - acrylated with the aid of hydroxyalkyl acrylates. The ,'~
~L2~3~;3~6 resin character of the urethane acrylate is effected by additional chemical reactions with polyols, to estab~ish the set of characteristics of the hardened film.
By incorporating a certain proportion of acid groups (e.g., -COOH, -SO3H, etc.), these resins can be water-dispersed with the aid of alkali hydroxides (e.g., NaOH, KOH). Also, such resins can be water dispersed with the aid of inorganic or organic acids, by incorporating a certain proportion of tertiary amines (hydroxyamines, etc.). ~fter removal of the acetone by distillation, a solvent-free aqueous solution or dispersion should theoretically remain.
But it has turned out, however, that resins produced by this scheme coagulate, either prior to the removal of the acetone or a few hours after the precipitation of the dispersion. Many aqueous dispersions form solid~ dry, matte films, and the dispersions coagulate after a short time (due to the fact that there are emulsified as well as suspended portions present).
When one starts with aliphatic diisocyanates, such as l,6-hexanediisocyanate (HDI~, methyl-1,6-hexane-diisocyanate, or trimethyl-1,6-hexanediisocyanate, stagewise acrylation, urethane-formation, and emulsifi-cation do not yield a stable emulsification of the resulting resin. If triols are used as co-components, the resin gelatinizes, and the triols are expelled to form suspended elements of the emulsion, with ;3~
subsequent paste-formation. When the film dries it forms a cracked, ma-tte layer, which is unusable.
There is -thus a strongly felt need for a storage-stable, radiation-hardenable, NCO-free aqueous emulsion not suffering the above disadvantages.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides a storage-stable aqueous emulsion and radiation-hardenable aqueous emulsion which is NCO-free.
In another aspect -the invention provides a storage-stable, radiation-hardenable, NCO-free aqueous emulsion which remains storage-stable after removal of an organic solvent, e.g. acetone, via distillation.
This invention also provides such aqueous emulsions which at room temperature yield glossy, non-tacky films and which after radiation-hardening yield serviceable coatings~
These emulsions are advantageously used with absorptive or porous substrates.
The inventor has now surprisingly, discovered an aqueous emulsion which has the aforementioned advantages and others which will become apparent from a reading of the disclosure given hereinbelow.
This invention relates to the inventor's discovery that starting with cyclic polyisocyana-tes which are partially converted with saturated or unsaturated ~285~
polyols, particularly triols~ one can convert the still NCO-containing acetonic prepolymer into an aqueous dispersion with aqueous solutions of sodium salts of monoaminocarboxylic acids, along with water and/or aliphatic diamines as reactants. Urea is formed.
After removal of the acetone by distillation, these aqueous dispersions form storage-stable aqueous anionlc emulsions which at room temperature yield glossy, non-tacky films. After radiation-hardening, they yield serviceable coatings.
Accordingly, this invention provides storage-stable, radiation hardenable, NCO-free aqueous emulsions based on ionic urethane-urea acrylates.
These emulsions are characteri~ed in that they are made up of at least one partially acrylated cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate, which is acrylated by a hydroxyalkyl acrylate (to the extent of 10-60 equivalent-% NCO).
The product is then reacted with a polyhydroxy compound ~to the extend of 20-75 equivalent-~ NCO), and then with a sodium salt of an aminocarboxylic acid (to the extent of 5-15 equivalent-~ NCO). Finally the resulting product is reacted with water and/or an aliphatic diamine (in amounts corresponding to 1-5 equivalent-~NCO).
In another aspect the invention provides a method of preparing such emulsions based on ionic urethane-urea acrylates, which aqueous emulsions are storage stable, radiation-hardenable and NCO-free.
~8~3~
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The method of this invention is characterized in that the reaction product of the cycloaliphatic polyisocyana~e with the hydroxy acrylate compounds and the polyols is taken up into an ordinary organic solvent. These solvent-containing reaction products are then combined with an aqueous solution of a sodium salt of an aminocarboxylic acid, and then with water and/or with an amount of an aliphatic diamine corresponding to 1-5 equivalent-% NCO. The organic solvent is then distilled off.
Urea segments are advantageous modifiers of the film-forming properties of polyurethanes wi-th respect to tear-resistance and stretching, as well as with respect to the wear properties and adhesion of the film. Because of the limited compatibility of urea groups with urethane groups in polyfunctional resin systems which are improved by suitable "reactive thinners" (e.g., vinylpyrrolidone or alkyl acrylates), it is surprising that the acrylic-urethane-urea aqueous emulsion of this invention is both free of any "reactive thinners", and compatible and stable.
The cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates used in this invention may be C5-C20 cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates.
They may be cyclic diisocyanates such as C5-C20 cyclic diisocyanates, including isophoronediisocyanate (IPDI), methylenebis~4-cyclohexylisocyanate) (Hylene-W), ,~
bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane (HXDI), and analogous substituted structures:
NCO
OCN{ 1~-- C112--~NCO r NCC) NCO
*
Isophoronedi- Hylene-W HXDI
isocyanate These cyclic diisocyanates may be used singly or in combination with each other.
A particularly suitable organic solvent which may be used is acetone. Other candidates include tetrahydrofuran and methyl ethyl ketone. The solvents can be used in combination with each other.
Suitable compounds for acrylating the dispersions of this invention are hydroxyalkyl acrylates, e.g. Cl to C10 hydroxyalkyl acrylates, preferably hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). Suitable polyols for urethane resin formation in the claimed dispersions are C2-C10 hydroxy esters and C2-C10 hydroxy ethers, particularly poly(l,4-dihydroxybutanes) with molecular weights of 500-2,000 (Mw); and also C2-C15 triols such as trimethylolpropane (IMP) or glycerine. The use of *Trade Mark ~r --8--~853~
any of these for the clalmed equivalent-pereents of NCO
is particularly suitable.
Suitable aminocarboxylic acids may be any C2-C15 ; aminoearboxylic acids, e.g., aminoacetie acid, aminobutyric acid, aminopropanoic acid, and partieularly aminohexanoie aeid. Suitable diamines may be any, C2-C15 diamines e.g., ethylenediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, isophoronediamine, and partieularly trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMD).
The most suitable emulsifier for emulsifying the resins of this invention is -the NCO-reaetive aminohexanole aeid (in -the form of its sodium salt).
It is formed in very simple fashion by saponifieation of eaprolactam with NaOH.
The resin is emulsified with the above-mentioned emulsifiers in the aeetone solution of the still NCO-eontaining resin in just a few minutes, with the formation of urea. After addition of the remaining amounts of water and diamine, and removal of acetone by distillation, a finely-dispersed urethane-urea-acrylic emulsion with high storage stability is obtained. The urea formation oceurs via the reaetion of an aminocarboxylic aeid, water, and a diamine.
The dispersions prepared in aeeordanee with this invention are also free of all other organie solvents or "reaetive thinners". Starting with about 55 pereent solids, they may be thinned with arbitrary amounts of water and applied. They may be pigmented or g ,~
thickened. They form high gloss films or coatings, but may alternatively be matted, i.e., caused to have a matte finish.
The dispersions prepared in accordance with this invention are stable when stored in darkness over a period of months. The radiation-hardened coatings are very light- and weather-stable; they may in addition be stabilized with the aid of stabilizers well known in the art.
The set of properties of the dispersions prepared according to this invention may be considered similar to those of the similarly structured polyurethane-urea acrylates which contain "reactive thinners". For example, they may be regarded as the same with respect to the film characteris-tic of the hardened resins (as demonstrated in the Examples). The present dispersions are particularly useful on absorbitive and porous substrates, such as paper, cardboard, textiles, fel~ts, wood, leather, etc. But they are also advantageously used on non-absorbitive and non-porous substrates.
In addition, in comparison to the above-described systems with "reactive thinners", these inventive aqueous dispersions are odorless systems, in resin Eorm after physical drying as well as after radiation-hardening.
There are no appreciable evaporation losses of organic components when the present aqueous dispersions are applied. And there are no detectable adverse environmental effects of their handling and use.
. ...
;i34~;
The overall set of characteristics of these dispersions is superior to that of the state of the art. These dispersions may, if necessary, be applied to non-absorptive substrates such as metals and plastics. For example, they bond well to bonderized metals or to plasticizer-containing plastics.
In a preferred embodiment of this invention, after having taken up into an organic solvent the reaction product of the partially acrylated cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates which have been reacted with a polyhydroxyl compound, the solvent-containing reaction product is combined with sodium salts of amino carboxylic acids and then with water and/or aliphatic amines. 70-30 weight % solids are obtained in the organic phase and from 60 to 30 weight percent solids are obtained in the aqueous phase. Preferably abou-t 50 percent by weight solids are obtained in the organic phase and from 50-40 percent solids are obtained in the aqueous phase.
Other features of the invention will become apparent in the course of the following description of exemplary embodiments which are given for illustration of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
'~ X
- .
~2~3~;;3a~
Example 1 (Comparison Example):
Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: 1,6-hexanediisocyanate-polyether (HDI-polyether), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA), Trimethylolpropane (TMP), and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
To receiving vessel containing 1,176 g of 1,6-hexanediisocyanate (HDI) (5 mol) and 2.8 g dibutyltin laurate (DBTL), the following mixture was added dropwise with stirring, at 25-35C, over a period of c. 2 hr:
i) 1,272.7 g of polytetrahydrofuran ether (2 mol) (m.w. about 650, OH number 176 mg KOH/g) (Terathane 650, manufactured by duPont), ii) 352.9 g of 2-HEA (3 mol) (OH number 476 mg KOH/g), and iii) 268 g of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) (2 mol).
The mixture obtained was then heated with stirring at 50-60 C for c. 3-4 hr, until formation of an NCO-containing resin (1.4-1.6 wt.% NCO). After addition of 3,071 g acetone, the material became gelatinized in the vessel.
'~;
..~ . .
~ ;285~46 Example 2 (Comparison Example):
Urethane-ure Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: Methyl-1,5-pentanediisocyanate (MPDI), Polyether, 2-HEA, Trime-thylolpropane (TMP), and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
In a manner analogous to Example 1, 1.176 g of MPDI (7 mol) was reacted.
Here the product gelatinized even before the addition of the acetone thinner.
Example 3 (Comparison Example):
Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: 1,6-hexanediisocyanate-polyether (HDI-polyether), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA~, and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
To a receiving flask containing 672 g of HDI (4 mol) and 1.1 g of DBTL, the following mixture was added dropwise with stirring, at 25-35C, over a period of c. 1 hr:
i) 1,272.7 g of polytetrahydrofuran ether (2 mol (OH number 176 mg KOH/g) (Tetrathane ~ 650, manufactured by duPont), and ii) 235.3 g of 2-HEA (2 mol) (OH number 476 mg KOH/g)~
~853~6 The resulting mixture was then heated with stirring at 50-60 C for c. 3-4 hr, until formation of an NCO-containing resin (3.9 wt.% NCO). After the addition of 2,181.1 g of acetone, 619 g aminohexanoic acid and sodium salt ~as a 30% aqueous solution) were added to the reaction product, with stirring, at 40-50C, over a period of 5 min~ Then 3,117 g of water was added to the reaction product~ The acetone was removed from the acetone-containing aqueous dispersion with a rotary evaporator. In the process, phase separation occurred, with partial sedimentation of the dispersion. Coating tests gave surface films which were dull (with a matte appearance) and cracked. After 24 hr, the suspension hardened to a solid mass.
Exam~le 4 (Comparison Example~:
Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: Methyl-1,5-pentanediisocyanate ~MPDI), Polyether, 2-HEA, and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
In a manner analogous to Example 3, 672 g of MPDI
(2 mol) was reacted. After distillative removal of the acetone component, the resulting fine-particle dispersion formed a matte film when applied to a surface. After storage for 24 hr, the dispersion had acquired a pasty consistency~ After thinning with _ 14 -/-f ~ ~
~35;~6 water, phase separation occurred, to yield a solid and water.
Example 5 (Comparison Example):
Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: Triimethyl-1,6-hexanediisocyanate (TMDI~, Polyether, 2-HEA, and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
In a manner analogous to Example 3, 840 g of TMDI
(4 mol) was reacted, up to the formation of an NCO-containing resin (3.6 wt.% NCO). After the addition of 2,349.1 g of acetone, 616 g of aminohexanoic acid as sodium salt (as a 30% aqueous solution) were added to the reactive product, with stirring, at 40-50C, over a period of 5 min. Then 3,369.8 g of water was added to the reaction product. The acetone was removed from the acetone-containing aqueous dispersion with a rotary evaporator. The dispersion formed matte, cracked films. After storage for 24 hr, phase separation occurred, to yield a solid and water.
_ 15 -~8~i3~
Example 6:
Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion.
Basis: IPDI-polyether, 2-HEA, Trimethylolpropane (TMP), and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
In a manner analogous to Example 1, 1,554 g of IPDI (7 mol) plus 3.4 g of DBTL were reacted (in place of the 1,6-hexanediisocyanate), up to the formation of an NCO-containing resin (1.4 wt.% NCO). After the addition of 3,451 g of acetone, 469.3 g aminohexanoic acid as sodium salt (as a 30% aqueous solution) were added to the reaction product, with stirring, at 40-50 C, over a period of 5 min. Then 5,059 g water was added to the reaction product. The ace-tone was removed from the acetone-containing aqueous dispersion in a rotary evaporator.
The solids content of the dispersion was c. 40 wt.~. The viscosity of the dispersion was 17 sec (DIN
4, cup). The storage-stability in darkness at 60C was ; > 2 months.
The following data were obtained on steel plates after physical drying of the dispersion:
Hardness ~Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 45 sec.
Erichsen cupping (DIN 53 156) : > 10.0 mm.
- The Eollowing data relating to films and coatings on _ 16 ---`-;i`7 ~L2~3~
s-teel plates were obtained after hardening of the dispersion at 200 Watt/in, in 5 seconds, with addition of 2~5 wt.% (based on the weight of the solids) of 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propanone (Darocur ~ 1 116, manufactured by ~lercke, of Darmstadt):
Hardness (Koenig pendulm test, DIN 53 157): 119 sec.
Erichsen cupping (DIN 53 156): > 10.0 mm.
Layer thickness: 130 microns.
Tensile strength (DIN 53 455): 37.5 +/- 4.0 N/mm2.
Elongation at breakage: (8 ~/- 4)%.
Example 7 ___ Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: IPDI-polyether, 2-HEA, Trimethylolpropane (TMP), and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt To a receiving flask containing 1,110 g of IPDI (5 mol) and 2.S g of DBTL, the following mixture was added dropwise under stirring, at 25-35C, over a period of c. 2 hr:
i) 1,145.4 g of polytetrahydofuran ether (1.8 mol) (m.w. about 650, OH number 176 mg KOH/g) (Terathane ~ 650, manufactured by duPont), ., .;
~Z85~3~6 ii) 235.3 g of 2-HEA (2 mol~ (OH number 476 mg KOH/g), and iii) 134 g of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) (1 mol).
The resulting mixture was then heated under stirring to 50-60C c. 3-4 hr, until formation of an NCO-containing resin (2.4 wt.% NCO). After the addition of 2,754.8 g of acetone, 398 g of aminohexanoic acid as sodium salt (as a 30~ aqueous solution) were added -to the reaction product, with stirring, at 40-50 C, over a period of 5 min. Then 3,610 g of water and 31.6 g trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMD) (0.2 mol) were added to the reaction product. The acetone was removed from the acetone-containing aqueous dispersion with a rotary evaporator.
The solids content of the dispersion was approx.
42.0 wt.~. The viscosity of the dispersion was 18 sec (DIN 4, cup). The storage stability in darkness at 60C was > 2 months.
The following data were obtained on steel plates after physical drying of the dispersion:
Hardness (Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157) : 19 sec.
Erichsen cupping (DIN 53 156): > 10.0 mm.
The following data relating to films and coatings on steel plates were obtained after hardening of the ,.~
3~L~
dispersion at 200 Watt/in, in ~ seconds, with addition of 2.5 wt.% Darocur !~ 1 116:
Hardness (Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 45 sec.
Erichsen depression (DIN 53 156): ~ 10.0 mm.
Layer thickness: 145 microns.
Tensile strength (DIN 53 455): 27.2 +/- 4.5 N/mm2 .
Elongation at breakage: (105 +/- 14)%.
Example 8: Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: IPDI-polyether, 2-HEA, Trimethylolpropane (TMP ), and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
To a receiving flask containing 1,332 g of IPDI
(6 mol) and 3.6 g of DBTL, the following mixture was added dropwise with stirring, at 25-35C, over a period of c. 2 hr:
i) 1,781.8 g of polytetrahydrofuran ether ~2~8 mol) (OH number 176 g KOH/g) (Terathane ~ 650, manufactured by duPont), ii) 235.3 g of 2-HEA (2 mol) (OH number 476 mg KOH/g), and iii) 134 g of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) (1 mol).
,~
~ 353~6 The resulting mixture was then heated under stirring to 50-60C for c. 3-4 hr, until formation of an NCO-containing resin (1.89 wt.% NCO). After the addition of 3,614 g of acetone, 477.5 g aminohexanoic acid as sodium salt (as a 30% aqueous solution) were added to the reaction product, wlth stirring, at 40-50C, for a period of 5 min. Then 4,749 g of water and 31.6 g of trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMD) (0.2 mol) were added to the reaction product. The acetone was removed from the acetone-containing aqueous dispersion with a rotary evaporator.
The solids content of the dispersion was approx.
42.0 wt.%. The viscosity of the dispersion was 16 sec (DIN 4, cup). The storage stability in dar3cness at 60C was > 2 months.
The following data were obtained on steel plates after physical drying of the dispersion:
Hardness (Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 13 sec.
~richsen cupping (DIN 53 156): > 10.0 mm.
The following data relating to films and coatings on steel plates were obtained after hardening of the dispersion at 200 Watt/in, in 5 seconds, with addition of 2.5 wt.% Darocur ~1 116:
Hardness (Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 24 sec.
,.:, .
~2~/53~i6 Erichsen cupping (DIN 53 156): ~ 10.0 mm.
Layer -thickness: 94 microns.
Tensile strength (DIN 53 455): 19.0 +/- 1.3 N/mm .
Elongation at breakage: (135 +/- 7)%.
Example 9: Ure-~hane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: Hylene-W, Polyether, 2-HEA, Trimethylolpropane (TMP), and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
In a manner analogous to Example 8, 1,572 g of Hylene-W (6 mol) was reacted, until formation of an NC0-containing resin (1.3 wt.% NC0).
After the addition of 3,854 g acetone, 486.7 g of aminohexanoic acid as sodium salt (as a 30% aqueous solution) were added to the reaction product, with stirring, at 40-50C, for a period of 5 min. Then 5,915.7 g of water was added to the reaction product.
The acetone was removed from the acetone-containing aqueous dispersion with a rotary evaporator.
The solids content of the dispersion was approx.
39 wt.%. The viscosity of the dispersion was 17 sec (DIN 4, cup). The storage stability in darkness at 60C was ~ 2 months.
3~6 The following datawere obtained on steel plates after physical drying of the dispersion:
Hardness (Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 17 sec.
Erichsen cupping (DlN 53 156): > 10. O mm.
The following data relating to films and coatings on steel plates were obtained after hardening of the dispersion at 200 Watt/in, in 5 seconds, with addition of 2. 5 wt.% Darocur(~)1 116:
10 Hardness tKoenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 33 sec.
Erichsen cupping (DIN 53 156) : > 10 .O mm.
Layer thickness: 12 5 microns.
Tensile strength (DIN 53 455): 21.5 +/- 4.5 N/mm2 .
Elongation at breakage: (110 +/- 14)%.
Example 10:
Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: HXDI, Polyether, 2-EIEA, Trimethylolpropane (TMP), and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
~L2~3S3~
In a manner analogous to Example ~, 1,164 g of HXDI (6 mol) was reacted, until formation of an NCO-containing resin (1.3 wt.% NCO~. After the addition of 3,446 g of ace-tone, 435.2 g of aminohexanoic acid as sodium salt (as a 30% aqueous solution) were added to the reaction product, with stirring, at 40-50C, for a period of 5 min. ~hen 7,395 g of wa-ter and 15.8 g trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMD) (0.1 mol) were added to the reaction product. The acetone was removed from the acetone-containing aqueous dispersion with a rotary evaporator.
The solids content of the dispersion was approx.
32 wt.%. The viscosity of the dispersion was 39 sec (DIN 4, cup). The storage stability in darkness at 60C was > 2 months.
The following data were obtained on steel plates after physical drying of the dispersion:
Hardness (Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 15 sec.
Erichsen cupping (DIN 53 156): > 10.0 mm.
The following data relating to films and coatings on steel pla-tes were obtained after hardening of the dispersion of 200 Watt/in, in 5 seconds, with addition of 2.5 wt.% Darocur ~ 1 116:
Hardness (Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 30 sec.
Erichsen-cupping (DIN 53 156): ~ 10.0 mm.
~ 35;34~
Layer thickness: 84 microns.
Tensile strength (DIN 53 455): 5.6 +/- 1.0 N/mm2.
Elongation at breakage: t57 +/- 12)%.
Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
~J
The following data were obtained on steel plates after physical drying of the dispersion:
Hardness ~Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 45 sec.
Erichsen cupping (DIN 53 156) : > 10.0 mm.
- The Eollowing data relating to films and coatings on _ 16 ---`-;i`7 ~L2~3~
s-teel plates were obtained after hardening of the dispersion at 200 Watt/in, in 5 seconds, with addition of 2~5 wt.% (based on the weight of the solids) of 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propanone (Darocur ~ 1 116, manufactured by ~lercke, of Darmstadt):
Hardness (Koenig pendulm test, DIN 53 157): 119 sec.
Erichsen cupping (DIN 53 156): > 10.0 mm.
Layer thickness: 130 microns.
Tensile strength (DIN 53 455): 37.5 +/- 4.0 N/mm2.
Elongation at breakage: (8 ~/- 4)%.
Example 7 ___ Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: IPDI-polyether, 2-HEA, Trimethylolpropane (TMP), and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt To a receiving flask containing 1,110 g of IPDI (5 mol) and 2.S g of DBTL, the following mixture was added dropwise under stirring, at 25-35C, over a period of c. 2 hr:
i) 1,145.4 g of polytetrahydofuran ether (1.8 mol) (m.w. about 650, OH number 176 mg KOH/g) (Terathane ~ 650, manufactured by duPont), ., .;
~Z85~3~6 ii) 235.3 g of 2-HEA (2 mol~ (OH number 476 mg KOH/g), and iii) 134 g of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) (1 mol).
The resulting mixture was then heated under stirring to 50-60C c. 3-4 hr, until formation of an NCO-containing resin (2.4 wt.% NCO). After the addition of 2,754.8 g of acetone, 398 g of aminohexanoic acid as sodium salt (as a 30~ aqueous solution) were added -to the reaction product, with stirring, at 40-50 C, over a period of 5 min. Then 3,610 g of water and 31.6 g trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMD) (0.2 mol) were added to the reaction product. The acetone was removed from the acetone-containing aqueous dispersion with a rotary evaporator.
The solids content of the dispersion was approx.
42.0 wt.~. The viscosity of the dispersion was 18 sec (DIN 4, cup). The storage stability in darkness at 60C was > 2 months.
The following data were obtained on steel plates after physical drying of the dispersion:
Hardness (Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157) : 19 sec.
Erichsen cupping (DIN 53 156): > 10.0 mm.
The following data relating to films and coatings on steel plates were obtained after hardening of the ,.~
3~L~
dispersion at 200 Watt/in, in ~ seconds, with addition of 2.5 wt.% Darocur !~ 1 116:
Hardness (Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 45 sec.
Erichsen depression (DIN 53 156): ~ 10.0 mm.
Layer thickness: 145 microns.
Tensile strength (DIN 53 455): 27.2 +/- 4.5 N/mm2 .
Elongation at breakage: (105 +/- 14)%.
Example 8: Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: IPDI-polyether, 2-HEA, Trimethylolpropane (TMP ), and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
To a receiving flask containing 1,332 g of IPDI
(6 mol) and 3.6 g of DBTL, the following mixture was added dropwise with stirring, at 25-35C, over a period of c. 2 hr:
i) 1,781.8 g of polytetrahydrofuran ether ~2~8 mol) (OH number 176 g KOH/g) (Terathane ~ 650, manufactured by duPont), ii) 235.3 g of 2-HEA (2 mol) (OH number 476 mg KOH/g), and iii) 134 g of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) (1 mol).
,~
~ 353~6 The resulting mixture was then heated under stirring to 50-60C for c. 3-4 hr, until formation of an NCO-containing resin (1.89 wt.% NCO). After the addition of 3,614 g of acetone, 477.5 g aminohexanoic acid as sodium salt (as a 30% aqueous solution) were added to the reaction product, wlth stirring, at 40-50C, for a period of 5 min. Then 4,749 g of water and 31.6 g of trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMD) (0.2 mol) were added to the reaction product. The acetone was removed from the acetone-containing aqueous dispersion with a rotary evaporator.
The solids content of the dispersion was approx.
42.0 wt.%. The viscosity of the dispersion was 16 sec (DIN 4, cup). The storage stability in dar3cness at 60C was > 2 months.
The following data were obtained on steel plates after physical drying of the dispersion:
Hardness (Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 13 sec.
~richsen cupping (DIN 53 156): > 10.0 mm.
The following data relating to films and coatings on steel plates were obtained after hardening of the dispersion at 200 Watt/in, in 5 seconds, with addition of 2.5 wt.% Darocur ~1 116:
Hardness (Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 24 sec.
,.:, .
~2~/53~i6 Erichsen cupping (DIN 53 156): ~ 10.0 mm.
Layer -thickness: 94 microns.
Tensile strength (DIN 53 455): 19.0 +/- 1.3 N/mm .
Elongation at breakage: (135 +/- 7)%.
Example 9: Ure-~hane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: Hylene-W, Polyether, 2-HEA, Trimethylolpropane (TMP), and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
In a manner analogous to Example 8, 1,572 g of Hylene-W (6 mol) was reacted, until formation of an NC0-containing resin (1.3 wt.% NC0).
After the addition of 3,854 g acetone, 486.7 g of aminohexanoic acid as sodium salt (as a 30% aqueous solution) were added to the reaction product, with stirring, at 40-50C, for a period of 5 min. Then 5,915.7 g of water was added to the reaction product.
The acetone was removed from the acetone-containing aqueous dispersion with a rotary evaporator.
The solids content of the dispersion was approx.
39 wt.%. The viscosity of the dispersion was 17 sec (DIN 4, cup). The storage stability in darkness at 60C was ~ 2 months.
3~6 The following datawere obtained on steel plates after physical drying of the dispersion:
Hardness (Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 17 sec.
Erichsen cupping (DlN 53 156): > 10. O mm.
The following data relating to films and coatings on steel plates were obtained after hardening of the dispersion at 200 Watt/in, in 5 seconds, with addition of 2. 5 wt.% Darocur(~)1 116:
10 Hardness tKoenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 33 sec.
Erichsen cupping (DIN 53 156) : > 10 .O mm.
Layer thickness: 12 5 microns.
Tensile strength (DIN 53 455): 21.5 +/- 4.5 N/mm2 .
Elongation at breakage: (110 +/- 14)%.
Example 10:
Urethane-urea Acrylic Dispersion:
Basis: HXDI, Polyether, 2-EIEA, Trimethylolpropane (TMP), and Aminohexanoic acid, sodium salt.
~L2~3S3~
In a manner analogous to Example ~, 1,164 g of HXDI (6 mol) was reacted, until formation of an NCO-containing resin (1.3 wt.% NCO~. After the addition of 3,446 g of ace-tone, 435.2 g of aminohexanoic acid as sodium salt (as a 30% aqueous solution) were added to the reaction product, with stirring, at 40-50C, for a period of 5 min. ~hen 7,395 g of wa-ter and 15.8 g trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMD) (0.1 mol) were added to the reaction product. The acetone was removed from the acetone-containing aqueous dispersion with a rotary evaporator.
The solids content of the dispersion was approx.
32 wt.%. The viscosity of the dispersion was 39 sec (DIN 4, cup). The storage stability in darkness at 60C was > 2 months.
The following data were obtained on steel plates after physical drying of the dispersion:
Hardness (Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 15 sec.
Erichsen cupping (DIN 53 156): > 10.0 mm.
The following data relating to films and coatings on steel pla-tes were obtained after hardening of the dispersion of 200 Watt/in, in 5 seconds, with addition of 2.5 wt.% Darocur ~ 1 116:
Hardness (Koenig pendulum test, DIN 53 157): 30 sec.
Erichsen-cupping (DIN 53 156): ~ 10.0 mm.
~ 35;34~
Layer thickness: 84 microns.
Tensile strength (DIN 53 455): 5.6 +/- 1.0 N/mm2.
Elongation at breakage: t57 +/- 12)%.
Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
~J
Claims (18)
1. A storage stable, radiation-hardenable, NCO-free aqueous emulsion based on an ionic urethane-urea acrylate; said emulsion being prepared as follows:
1) partially acrylating a cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate with a hydroxyalkyl acrylate to the extent of 10 to 60 equivalent % of the NCO groups;
1) partially acrylating a cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate with a hydroxyalkyl acrylate to the extent of 10 to 60 equivalent % of the NCO groups;
2) reacting the partially acrylated cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate obtained in step 1) with (i) a polyhydroxy compound to the extent of 20 to 75 equivalent % of the NCO groups, (ii) then with a sodium salt of an aminocarboxylic acid to the extent of 5 to 15 equivalent % of the NCO groups, and (iii) finally with water or an aliphatic diamine in an amount corresponding to 1 to 5 equivalent % of the NCO groups.
2. The emulsion of Claim 1, wherein the said cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate is a C5 to C20 cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate.
2. The emulsion of Claim 1, wherein the said cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate is a C5 to C20 cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate.
3. The emulsion of Claim 1, wherein the said cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate is a C5 to C20 cyclic diisocyanate.
4. The emulsion of Claim 1, wherein the said cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate is a isophoronediisocyanate, methylenebis(4-cyclohexyl) isocyanate) or bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane.
5. The emulsion of Claim 1, wherein the said hydroxyalkyl acrylate is a C1 to C10 hydroxyalkyl acrylate.
6. The emulsion of Claim 1, wherein the said hydroxyalkyl acrylate is hydroxyethyl acrylate.
7. The emulsion of Claim 1, wherein the said polyhydroxy compound is a C2-C10 hydroxy ester or a C2-C10 hydroxy ether.
8. The emulsion of Claim 1, wherein the said polyhydroxy compound is a poly(1,4-dihydroxybutane) having a molecular weight of from 500 to 2000.
9. The emulsion of Claim 1, wherein the said polyhydroxy compounds is a C2-C15 triol.
10. The emulsion of Claim 1, wherein the said polyhydroxy compound is trimethylolpropane or glycerine.
11. The emulsion of Claim 1, wherein the said aminocarboxylic acid is a C2-C15 aminocarboxylic acid.
12. The emulsion of Claim 1, wherein the said aminocarboxylic acid is aminoacetic acid, aminobutyric acid, aminopropanoic acid or aminohexanoic acid.
13. The emulsion of Claim 1, wherein the said aliphatic diamine is a C2-C15 diamine.
14. The emulsion of Claim 1, wherein the said diamine is ethylenediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, isophoronediamine, or trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine .
15. A method for preparing a storage-stable, radiation-hardenable, NCO-free aqueous emulsion based on an ionic urethane-urea acrylate; said method comprising:
i) taking up into an organic solvent the reaction product of a cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate which has been reacted, successively with a hydroxyalkyl acrylate to the extent of 10 to 60 equivalent % of the NCO
groups and a polyhydroxy compound to the extend of 20 to 75 equivalent % of the NCO groups;
ii) combining the mixture of step i) first with an aqueous solution of a sodium salt of an aminocarboxylic acid, and then with water or an amount of an aliphatic diamine corresponding to 1 to 5 equivalent % of the NCO groups; and, iii) distilling off the said organic solvent.
i) taking up into an organic solvent the reaction product of a cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate which has been reacted, successively with a hydroxyalkyl acrylate to the extent of 10 to 60 equivalent % of the NCO
groups and a polyhydroxy compound to the extend of 20 to 75 equivalent % of the NCO groups;
ii) combining the mixture of step i) first with an aqueous solution of a sodium salt of an aminocarboxylic acid, and then with water or an amount of an aliphatic diamine corresponding to 1 to 5 equivalent % of the NCO groups; and, iii) distilling off the said organic solvent.
16. The method of Claim 15, comprising using acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone or a mixture thereof, as the said organic solvent.
17. The method of Claim 15, comprising obtaining (in step ii) from 70 to 30 wt.% solids in the organic phase and from 60 to 30 wt.% solids in the aqueous phase.
18. The method of Claim 15, comprising obtaining (in step ii) about 50% by wt. solids in the organic phase and from 50 to 40% by wt. solids in the aqueous phase.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP3526016.5 | 1985-07-20 | ||
DE19853526016 DE3526016A1 (en) | 1985-07-20 | 1985-07-20 | STORAGE-STABLE, RADIATION-HARDENABLE, NCO-FREE, AQUEOUS EMULSIONS |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1285346C true CA1285346C (en) | 1991-06-25 |
Family
ID=6276311
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000508420A Expired - Lifetime CA1285346C (en) | 1985-07-20 | 1986-05-05 | Storage-stable, radiation-hardenable, nco-free aqueous emulsions |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4722966A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0209684B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6222816A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE41441T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1285346C (en) |
DE (2) | DE3526016A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3742446A1 (en) * | 1987-12-15 | 1989-07-06 | Wolff Walsrode Ag | POLYMERIZABLE WATER-SOLUBLE BINDING AGENT |
JP2581974B2 (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1997-02-19 | 極東開発工業株式会社 | Tipper / Cargo Truck |
DE3911827A1 (en) * | 1989-04-11 | 1990-10-25 | Basf Ag | AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS OF POLYURETHANES CROSSLINKED BY THE ACTION OF ENERGY RADIATION |
DE3916340A1 (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1990-11-22 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING WAFERRIGER, RADIATABLE URETHANE ACRYLATE DISPERSIONS |
EP0445077B1 (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1994-05-18 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | A method and compositions for textile finishing |
JP2822553B2 (en) * | 1990-03-16 | 1998-11-11 | ソニー株式会社 | Control device |
DE4110821A1 (en) * | 1991-04-04 | 1992-10-08 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | WAESSED, RADIATIVE URETHANE ACRYLATE DISPERSIONS |
DE4119331A1 (en) * | 1991-06-12 | 1992-12-17 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING WAFERRIGER, RADIATION-HARDENING, ANIONIC URETHANE-NITRIC ACRYLATE DISPERSIONS |
US5308389A (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1994-05-03 | Pennzoil Products Company | Metal appearance composition |
US5254611A (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1993-10-19 | Henkel Corporation | Water dispersable urethane acrylate oligomer |
JP3019176B2 (en) * | 1992-12-01 | 2000-03-13 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | Method for producing radiation-curable polyurethane emulsion composition |
US5504145A (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1996-04-02 | The Thompson Minwax Company | Water-dispersible poly(urethane-urea) compositions |
JP2991900B2 (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1999-12-20 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | Radiation-curable polyurethane polymer emulsion composition and method for producing the same |
JPH07138527A (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 1995-05-30 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | Radiation-curable coating composition |
DE4434554A1 (en) | 1994-09-28 | 1996-04-04 | Basf Ag | Radiation-curable aqueous polyurethane dispersions |
JP3493796B2 (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 2004-02-03 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Waterborne polyurethane resin paint |
DE19810793A1 (en) | 1998-03-12 | 1999-09-16 | Basf Ag | Curable polyurethane polymer, dispersion based on this polymer, process for its preparation and its use |
DE19818312A1 (en) * | 1998-04-23 | 1999-10-28 | Bayer Ag | Aqueous coating system made from UV-curing urethane (meth) acrylate isocyanate groups |
DE19933012A1 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2001-01-18 | Basf Ag | Curable polyurethane polymer |
DE10002089A1 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2001-07-26 | Basf Ag | Weather-stable, radiation-curable polyurethanes |
US20030204168A1 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-10-30 | Gjalt Bosma | Coated vascular devices |
DE10341168A1 (en) | 2003-09-06 | 2005-04-07 | Mitsubishi Hitec Paper Flensburg Gmbh | Heat-sensitive recording material and its use |
WO2005065937A1 (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-07-21 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Embossed release paper for production of synthetic leather, support thereof, synthetic leather utilizing the release paper and process for producing the same |
SE528577C2 (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2006-12-19 | Perstorp Specialty Chem Ab | Waterborne polyurethane dispersion and its use |
US20070149704A1 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2007-06-28 | Reichhold, Inc. | Radiation curable polyurethane dispersions |
EP2174794B1 (en) | 2008-10-13 | 2011-09-21 | Mitsubishi HiTec Paper Europe GmbH | Heat-sensitive recording material with printed recording layer |
DE102009008950A1 (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-19 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Aqueous coating systems based on physically drying urethane acrylates |
EP2487043B1 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2013-10-09 | Mitsubishi HiTec Paper Europe GmbH | Method for producing a heat-sensitive recording material |
CN113248649A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-08-13 | 中海油常州涂料化工研究院有限公司 | Acrylate emulsion, preparation method and water-based aluminum powder coating containing acrylate emulsion |
Family Cites Families (8)
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US4039414A (en) * | 1974-06-19 | 1977-08-02 | Scm Corporation | Ultraviolet curing of electrocoating compositions |
DE2627074C2 (en) * | 1976-06-16 | 1983-12-29 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Process for the preparation of stable ionic dispersions |
US4070323A (en) * | 1976-03-26 | 1978-01-24 | Vanderhoff John W | Aqueous polyurethane emulsions |
US4147679A (en) * | 1976-06-02 | 1979-04-03 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Water-reduced urethane coating compositions |
DE2853921A1 (en) * | 1978-12-14 | 1980-07-03 | Basf Ag | RADIATION-curable AQUEOUS BINDER DISPERSIONS |
DE2936039A1 (en) * | 1979-09-06 | 1981-04-02 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | WATER-DISPERSIBLE, JET-CROSS-LINKABLE BINDERS FROM URETHANACRYLATE, A METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND THE USE OF THESE BINDERS IN AQUEOUS DISPERSION ON THE PAINTING, PRINTING COLOR AND TEXTILE COLOR |
IT1153000B (en) * | 1982-07-01 | 1987-01-14 | Resem Spa | WATER DISPERSIONS OF POLYURETHANES FROM OLIGOURETANS WITH UNSATURATED TERMINAL GROUPS |
NL8401785A (en) * | 1984-06-04 | 1986-01-02 | Polyvinyl Chemie Holland | PROCESS FOR PREPARING AN AQUEOUS DISPERSION OF URETHAN ACRYLATE ENTCOPOLYMERS AND STABLE AQUEOUS DISPERSION THUS OBTAINED. |
-
1985
- 1985-07-20 DE DE19853526016 patent/DE3526016A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-05-05 CA CA000508420A patent/CA1285346C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-06-03 AT AT86107515T patent/ATE41441T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-06-03 DE DE8686107515T patent/DE3662401D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-06-03 EP EP86107515A patent/EP0209684B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-07-18 US US06/886,681 patent/US4722966A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-07-18 JP JP61168190A patent/JPS6222816A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS6222816A (en) | 1987-01-31 |
EP0209684A1 (en) | 1987-01-28 |
DE3526016A1 (en) | 1987-01-22 |
EP0209684B2 (en) | 1992-12-16 |
DE3662401D1 (en) | 1989-04-20 |
ATE41441T1 (en) | 1989-04-15 |
EP0209684B1 (en) | 1989-03-15 |
US4722966A (en) | 1988-02-02 |
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