CA1291707C - Apparatus for the production of oxygenated blood - Google Patents
Apparatus for the production of oxygenated bloodInfo
- Publication number
- CA1291707C CA1291707C CA000549308A CA549308A CA1291707C CA 1291707 C CA1291707 C CA 1291707C CA 000549308 A CA000549308 A CA 000549308A CA 549308 A CA549308 A CA 549308A CA 1291707 C CA1291707 C CA 1291707C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- vessel
- feed pipe
- low
- ozone
- blood
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001006 Constantan Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002510 pyrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002489 hematologic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004500 asepsis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/32—Oxygenators without membranes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3681—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits by irradiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3681—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits by irradiation
- A61M1/3683—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits by irradiation using photoactive agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/02—Gases
- A61M2202/0216—Ozone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/05—General characteristics of the apparatus combined with other kinds of therapy
- A61M2205/051—General characteristics of the apparatus combined with other kinds of therapy with radiation therapy
- A61M2205/053—General characteristics of the apparatus combined with other kinds of therapy with radiation therapy ultraviolet
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An apparatus is disclosed for the production of oxygenated blood. The apparatus incorporates a vessel for containing the blood that is to be processed, an ultraviolet lamp and an infrared lamp being associated with said vessel. A feed pipe extends into the vessel to a position near the bottom of the vessel, such feed pipe being connected to a source of ozone.
The vessel is essentially in the form of an inverted bottle, the neck opening of which is closed and the base of which incorporates a central opening for the feed pipe, the vessel and the feed pipe being designed as disposable items. The vessel is installed in the area of a working surface of the apparatus so as to be releasable therefrom, while the feed pipe is connectable to a coupling on a line that leads to the ozone source.
An apparatus is disclosed for the production of oxygenated blood. The apparatus incorporates a vessel for containing the blood that is to be processed, an ultraviolet lamp and an infrared lamp being associated with said vessel. A feed pipe extends into the vessel to a position near the bottom of the vessel, such feed pipe being connected to a source of ozone.
The vessel is essentially in the form of an inverted bottle, the neck opening of which is closed and the base of which incorporates a central opening for the feed pipe, the vessel and the feed pipe being designed as disposable items. The vessel is installed in the area of a working surface of the apparatus so as to be releasable therefrom, while the feed pipe is connectable to a coupling on a line that leads to the ozone source.
Description
~291707 The present invention relates to an apparatus for the production of oxygenated blood, said apparatus incorporating a vessel to contain the blood that is to be treated, an ultraviolet lamp and an infrared lamp being associated with said container, a feed pipe that is connected to a source for ozone and that reaches to its bottom area extending into said container.
It is known that for purposes of haematological oxydation therapy, after a stabilizing agent against coagulation has been added to it, human or animal blood can be processed with air whilst being irradiated with ultraviolet radiation; when this is done, the flow of air that is introduced into it converts the blood into ~oam that moves within the ultraviolet radiation.
The foam that is so ~ormed is destroyed by the blood returning to its liquid state. Oxygenated blood that is processed in this way can be in~ected intramuscularly or intravenously.
However, under certain conditions that have not been researched further, blood that has been oxygenated in this manner can give rise to shock reactions, a fact that renders haematological oxydation therapy difficult. The difficulties may be connected with the decomposition of erythrocytes when oxygen acts on the foamed blood, which can be recognized by the unpleasant smell of the reaction media.
12~17~
In order to avoid these disadvantages, DE-PS 1 068 428 it is proposed that ozone be passed through a continuous column of liquid, stabilized, venous blood in an area of ultraviolet radiation such that no significant foaming takes place, with the temperature being increased gradually to approximately 45C
during this process. An approximately funnel-shaped vessel of material that is transparent to ultraviolet radiation is used, and this vessel is surrounded by a coiled ultraviolet quarz lamp as well as by an infrared radiator. A feed pipe enters the top of the processing vessel and extends within said vessel to a point close to its bottom; outside the processing vessel, this feed pipe is connected to an ozonizing chamber within which there i5 a low-pressure quarz lamp that ozonizes the oxygen that i~ supplied to said ozonizing chamber. This known apparatus has been found satisfactory, although it is comparatively costly to produce and extemely inconvenient to use.
Proceeding from this prior art, it is the object of the present invention to create an apparatus of the type described in the introduction hereto, which avoids the disadvantages set out above and which is not only simple to produce and install, but which, in addition, permits rapid and safe operation.
_ 4 _ 24005-45 The present invention is an apparatus for the pro-duction of oxygenated blood, said apparatus incorporating a vessel for containing the blood that is to be processed, an ultraviolet lamp and an infrared lamp positioned to radiate output towards said vessel, a feed pipe extending into said vessel to a position near the bottom of said vessel, said feed pipe being connected to a source of ozone, wherein the vessel is essentially in the form of an inverted bottle, the neck opening of which is closed and the base of which incorporates a central opening for the feed pipe, the vessel and the feed pipe being designed as disposable items, the vessel being installed in the area of a working surface of the apparatus so as to be releasable therefrom, while the feed pipe is connectable to a coupling on a line that leads to the ozone source. This configuration results in rapid and safe operation, for the sterile vessel is filled with blood that is removed from the patient and is installed in a holder provided for this pur-pose as part of the apparatus, whereupon the sterile feed pipe in the form of a tube is inserted into one end until it is close to the bottom of the apparatus; the other end is connected to the coupling on the line that leads to the ozonizer. When the apparatus is switched on, the blood within the container is exposed to ultraviolet irradiation and to infrared heating to a maximum of 45C, whereupon the apparatus is switched off and the oxygen-ated blood removed by means of a syringe and injected either intravenously or intramuscularly into the patient. The holders are released and the vessel and the feed pipe are removed from the apparatus and discarded so that further processing can take place with new sterile vessels and feed pipes.
C
The neck opening of the bottle is closed tightly by means of a <-over that is curved outwards, so that a gap is le~t between the face end of the feed pipe that rests on said cover, the ozone that is introduced into the vessel being able to emerge unhindered through this gap.
The neck of the vessel, which is fitted with the cap, is of the approximate form of a lobe, so that the blood is retained in a comparatively small space to undergo intensive exposure to the ozone. The volume of the vessel is such that its contents are sufficient for a maximum quantity of foamed blood, with a specific reserve so that the foamed blood can never emerge from the opening of the vessel. The vessel is of low-density polytethylene that i8 of high quality, transparent to ultraviolet C, pyrogen-free, and can be sterilized by irradiation. These vessels are packed individually and sealed in pouches, whereby irradiation sterilization also renders them aseptic.
The vessel is surrounded by a plurality of low-pressure ultraviolet lamps that generate the ultraviolet radiation required for processing the blood in connection with haematological oxydation therapy. These low-pressure ultraviolet lamps generate a line spectrum in which it is preferred that the line 253.7 nm accounts for the greatest part of the radiation, namely, approximately gO per cent. This results in highly-effective sterillzation and a high degree of asepsis. The low-pressure ultraviolet lamps are U-shaped, it being preferred that four be provided, these being displaced at 90 relative to each other around the vessel. The low-pressure ultraviolet lamps can be produced and installed very simply because of their U-shape, so that only a comparitively small expenditure is needed to achieve this. It is preferred that the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps be produced from ozone-free quarz.
According to another feature of the present invention, the vessel and the greater part of the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps that surround it are enclosed by a U-shaped reflector so that the radiation emitted from the back and sides of the lamps is captured and reflected back onto the vessel, the walls of which are transparent to ultraviolet radiation, this ensuring a highly degree of effectiveness of the ultraviolet radiation on the blood to be processed.
It is advantagèous that the infrared lamp be arranged beneath the vessel, so that warming takes place from below.
Such an arrangement permits an extremely compact structure which, at the same time, ensures intensive warming of the blood that is to be processed within the vessel.
129~707 The vessel is fitted with a thermometer so that the increase in temperature can be monitored and controlled very accurately. Like the feed pipe for the ozone, the thermometer can extend into the vessel. However, it is also possible to arrange the thermometer outside the vessel, for example, as a non-contact type thermometer. This latter arrangement entails the advantage that the thermometer need not be configured as a disposable item that has to be discarded, with the vessel and the feed pipe, once processing has been completed, but can be installed permanently as a result of the fact that it is in~talled outside the vessel.
It is advantageous that a thermocouple be used as the thermometer. On reaching a temperature of 42.5C this thermocouple transmits a pulse that switches the apparatus off.
The thermocouple consists of a thick-wall glass tube within which two unlike metal wires, preferably of iron and of constantan, are arranged. The ends of these wires are connected to each other within the tip of the tube. The connection point of these two wires of the thermometer is imbedded in casting resin so as to ensure the optimum thermal transfer from the surrounding medium.
~ n ozonizer that is connected through a solenoid valve to an oxygen cylinder or the like serves as the source of ozone.
The ozonizer is fitted with one or a plurality of low-pressure 129~707 ultralviolet lamps and the radiation from these converts the oxyge~n from the oxygen cyliner into ozone. The low-pressure ultraviolet lamp(s) emit(s) a line spectrum in which line 183 nm accounts for the major part of the overall radiation, and this results in highly efficient generation of ozone. The ozonizer is connected to a normal power supply and is not powered by high-tension voltage, which ensures a longer service life. It is advantageous that the oxygen cyliner be fitted with a pressure monitoring system that in~icates the charge pressure of the oxygen cylinder and which switches the apparatus off in the event that the pressure drops below a prescribed value.
It is also possible to use an oxygen-generating system in place of the oxygen cylinder, so that there is then no need to replace the oxygen cylinders.
According to a further feature of the present invention, the electrical circuit incorporates a master switch, a processing switch, and switches that control the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps, the infrared heater, and the ozonizer; all of the foregoing switches can be operated separately. The individual systems within the apparatus are advantageously interconnected so that when the processing switch is turned on, all the systems are activated; this ensures that when blood is being processed, this blood is not only supplied with ozone, but is also exposed to infrared and ultraviolet radiation. It is possible to switch the apparatus off by a timer switch or as a function of the blood temperature that is reached.
In addition to the foregoing, a timer and/or a counter can also be connected to the processing switch, in order to count the number of processing cycles completed,or the duration of the processing cycles.
It is advantageous that the feed tube consist of a thick-walled glass tube that can be connected to the source of the ozone by means of a short section of tubing, this resulting in a version that is durable and easy to use.
An embodiment of the present invention is described in greater detail below, on the basis of the drawings appended hereto. These drawings show the following:
Figure 1: A schematia representation of the circuit for the systems in the apparatus.
Figure 2: A plan view of the vessel used to process the blood.
A vessel 1, essentially in the form of an inverted bottle, has its neck opening closed tightly by means of a cover 2. The vessel 1 is produced from low-density plastic, such as polyethylene, in the same manner as a milk jug. The base 3 of the vessel is provided with a central opening 4 for the feed pipe 5. The feed pipe 5, which is produced from plastic tubing, and the vessel 1 are produced as disposable items, so that these are discarded once they have been used.
The vessel 1 is installed so as to be removable in a working surface 6 in a holder, said holder not being shown in greater detail herein in the interests of clarity. To this end, the vessel is installed in a lower retaining ring 7 and in an upper retaining ring 8. Such an arrangement makes it possible to install the vessel in the apparatus quickly and easily, and then remove it from this once the blood has been processed.
The feed pipe 5 that extends into the vessel 1 can be connected at the coupling 9 on a line 10 that leads to an ozone supply system. This coupling 9 is a conventional pipe or tube coupling so that the feed pipe 5 can also be replaced quickly and easily.
The ~ace surface of the lower end of the feed pipe 5 rests on the cover 2 of the vessel 1, this cover being curved outwards so that the ozone that i8 introduced can disperse through the gap formed in this way within the vessel 1 and then flow through the blood contained therein.
The vessel 1 is surrounded by a plurality of low-pressure ultraviolet lamps, these being of a U-shaped configuration in the embodiment shown. Four such lamps 11 are installed, and these are arranged at 90 to each other. The ultraviolet lamps 11 radiate a line spectrum in which line 253.7 nm accounts for the greater part of the radiation, for example, some 90 per 129~707 cent, so that highly effective irradiation of the blood contained within the vessel 1 can be achieved, and together with this, the desired disinfection and sterilisation of said blood.
As can be seen from figure 2, the vessel 1 and the greater part of the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps 11 that surround said vessel, namely three of said burners, are surrounded by a U-shaped reflector 12, so that the radiation emanating from the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps 11 to the side and to the rear can also be utilized. Only one of the lamps 11 is not so enclosed, so that it is possible to monitor the vessel visually as the blood contained therein is being processed.
An infrared lamp 13 is arranged within the apparatus beneath the vessel 1: the output of this infrared lamp can be adjusted. The infrared radiation from this lamp warms the blood contained in the vessel 1, and the ozone passing through the blood simultaneously ensures that it is warmed uniformly.
In order that the extent to which the blood within the vessel can be monitored and adjusted, a thermometer extends into the vessel 1 through the opening 7 together with the feed pipe 5. In the embodiment shown, the thermometer 14 is also a disposable item so that this, together with the vessel 1 and the feed pipe 5, is replaced once the blood has been processed.
However, it is also possible to provide a non-contact type thermometer, as a fixed component,in addition to or in place of the thermometer 14.
~29~
In the embodiment shown, an ozonizer 16 is used as a source of ozone; this ozonizer is connected to the line lo, and is connected through this and the solenoid valve 17 to an oxygen cylinder 19 that is fitted with a pressure gauge 18. The ozonizer 16 is fitted with at least one low-pressure ultraviolet lamp that also emits a line spectrum, line 183 nm accounting for the greatest part of the total radiation emitte~ by this lamp.
The electrical circuit for the apparatus incorporates a master switch 20, a processing switch 21, and switches 22, 23, and 24 for the infrared lamp 13/ the ultraviolet lamps ll, and the ozonizer 16. The individual systems, discussed above, that make up the apparatus are so interconnected that all of them are activated when the processin~ switch 21 is set to the l'on'l position, thereby ensuring that the blood contained within the vessel 1 does in fact undergo processing by all the necessary components.
A time 25 and/or a counter 26 can be connected to the processing switch 21.
A11 the components in the electrical circuit are safeguarded by warning lights so that it is always possible to monitor the proper operation of said components.
It is known that for purposes of haematological oxydation therapy, after a stabilizing agent against coagulation has been added to it, human or animal blood can be processed with air whilst being irradiated with ultraviolet radiation; when this is done, the flow of air that is introduced into it converts the blood into ~oam that moves within the ultraviolet radiation.
The foam that is so ~ormed is destroyed by the blood returning to its liquid state. Oxygenated blood that is processed in this way can be in~ected intramuscularly or intravenously.
However, under certain conditions that have not been researched further, blood that has been oxygenated in this manner can give rise to shock reactions, a fact that renders haematological oxydation therapy difficult. The difficulties may be connected with the decomposition of erythrocytes when oxygen acts on the foamed blood, which can be recognized by the unpleasant smell of the reaction media.
12~17~
In order to avoid these disadvantages, DE-PS 1 068 428 it is proposed that ozone be passed through a continuous column of liquid, stabilized, venous blood in an area of ultraviolet radiation such that no significant foaming takes place, with the temperature being increased gradually to approximately 45C
during this process. An approximately funnel-shaped vessel of material that is transparent to ultraviolet radiation is used, and this vessel is surrounded by a coiled ultraviolet quarz lamp as well as by an infrared radiator. A feed pipe enters the top of the processing vessel and extends within said vessel to a point close to its bottom; outside the processing vessel, this feed pipe is connected to an ozonizing chamber within which there i5 a low-pressure quarz lamp that ozonizes the oxygen that i~ supplied to said ozonizing chamber. This known apparatus has been found satisfactory, although it is comparatively costly to produce and extemely inconvenient to use.
Proceeding from this prior art, it is the object of the present invention to create an apparatus of the type described in the introduction hereto, which avoids the disadvantages set out above and which is not only simple to produce and install, but which, in addition, permits rapid and safe operation.
_ 4 _ 24005-45 The present invention is an apparatus for the pro-duction of oxygenated blood, said apparatus incorporating a vessel for containing the blood that is to be processed, an ultraviolet lamp and an infrared lamp positioned to radiate output towards said vessel, a feed pipe extending into said vessel to a position near the bottom of said vessel, said feed pipe being connected to a source of ozone, wherein the vessel is essentially in the form of an inverted bottle, the neck opening of which is closed and the base of which incorporates a central opening for the feed pipe, the vessel and the feed pipe being designed as disposable items, the vessel being installed in the area of a working surface of the apparatus so as to be releasable therefrom, while the feed pipe is connectable to a coupling on a line that leads to the ozone source. This configuration results in rapid and safe operation, for the sterile vessel is filled with blood that is removed from the patient and is installed in a holder provided for this pur-pose as part of the apparatus, whereupon the sterile feed pipe in the form of a tube is inserted into one end until it is close to the bottom of the apparatus; the other end is connected to the coupling on the line that leads to the ozonizer. When the apparatus is switched on, the blood within the container is exposed to ultraviolet irradiation and to infrared heating to a maximum of 45C, whereupon the apparatus is switched off and the oxygen-ated blood removed by means of a syringe and injected either intravenously or intramuscularly into the patient. The holders are released and the vessel and the feed pipe are removed from the apparatus and discarded so that further processing can take place with new sterile vessels and feed pipes.
C
The neck opening of the bottle is closed tightly by means of a <-over that is curved outwards, so that a gap is le~t between the face end of the feed pipe that rests on said cover, the ozone that is introduced into the vessel being able to emerge unhindered through this gap.
The neck of the vessel, which is fitted with the cap, is of the approximate form of a lobe, so that the blood is retained in a comparatively small space to undergo intensive exposure to the ozone. The volume of the vessel is such that its contents are sufficient for a maximum quantity of foamed blood, with a specific reserve so that the foamed blood can never emerge from the opening of the vessel. The vessel is of low-density polytethylene that i8 of high quality, transparent to ultraviolet C, pyrogen-free, and can be sterilized by irradiation. These vessels are packed individually and sealed in pouches, whereby irradiation sterilization also renders them aseptic.
The vessel is surrounded by a plurality of low-pressure ultraviolet lamps that generate the ultraviolet radiation required for processing the blood in connection with haematological oxydation therapy. These low-pressure ultraviolet lamps generate a line spectrum in which it is preferred that the line 253.7 nm accounts for the greatest part of the radiation, namely, approximately gO per cent. This results in highly-effective sterillzation and a high degree of asepsis. The low-pressure ultraviolet lamps are U-shaped, it being preferred that four be provided, these being displaced at 90 relative to each other around the vessel. The low-pressure ultraviolet lamps can be produced and installed very simply because of their U-shape, so that only a comparitively small expenditure is needed to achieve this. It is preferred that the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps be produced from ozone-free quarz.
According to another feature of the present invention, the vessel and the greater part of the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps that surround it are enclosed by a U-shaped reflector so that the radiation emitted from the back and sides of the lamps is captured and reflected back onto the vessel, the walls of which are transparent to ultraviolet radiation, this ensuring a highly degree of effectiveness of the ultraviolet radiation on the blood to be processed.
It is advantagèous that the infrared lamp be arranged beneath the vessel, so that warming takes place from below.
Such an arrangement permits an extremely compact structure which, at the same time, ensures intensive warming of the blood that is to be processed within the vessel.
129~707 The vessel is fitted with a thermometer so that the increase in temperature can be monitored and controlled very accurately. Like the feed pipe for the ozone, the thermometer can extend into the vessel. However, it is also possible to arrange the thermometer outside the vessel, for example, as a non-contact type thermometer. This latter arrangement entails the advantage that the thermometer need not be configured as a disposable item that has to be discarded, with the vessel and the feed pipe, once processing has been completed, but can be installed permanently as a result of the fact that it is in~talled outside the vessel.
It is advantageous that a thermocouple be used as the thermometer. On reaching a temperature of 42.5C this thermocouple transmits a pulse that switches the apparatus off.
The thermocouple consists of a thick-wall glass tube within which two unlike metal wires, preferably of iron and of constantan, are arranged. The ends of these wires are connected to each other within the tip of the tube. The connection point of these two wires of the thermometer is imbedded in casting resin so as to ensure the optimum thermal transfer from the surrounding medium.
~ n ozonizer that is connected through a solenoid valve to an oxygen cylinder or the like serves as the source of ozone.
The ozonizer is fitted with one or a plurality of low-pressure 129~707 ultralviolet lamps and the radiation from these converts the oxyge~n from the oxygen cyliner into ozone. The low-pressure ultraviolet lamp(s) emit(s) a line spectrum in which line 183 nm accounts for the major part of the overall radiation, and this results in highly efficient generation of ozone. The ozonizer is connected to a normal power supply and is not powered by high-tension voltage, which ensures a longer service life. It is advantageous that the oxygen cyliner be fitted with a pressure monitoring system that in~icates the charge pressure of the oxygen cylinder and which switches the apparatus off in the event that the pressure drops below a prescribed value.
It is also possible to use an oxygen-generating system in place of the oxygen cylinder, so that there is then no need to replace the oxygen cylinders.
According to a further feature of the present invention, the electrical circuit incorporates a master switch, a processing switch, and switches that control the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps, the infrared heater, and the ozonizer; all of the foregoing switches can be operated separately. The individual systems within the apparatus are advantageously interconnected so that when the processing switch is turned on, all the systems are activated; this ensures that when blood is being processed, this blood is not only supplied with ozone, but is also exposed to infrared and ultraviolet radiation. It is possible to switch the apparatus off by a timer switch or as a function of the blood temperature that is reached.
In addition to the foregoing, a timer and/or a counter can also be connected to the processing switch, in order to count the number of processing cycles completed,or the duration of the processing cycles.
It is advantageous that the feed tube consist of a thick-walled glass tube that can be connected to the source of the ozone by means of a short section of tubing, this resulting in a version that is durable and easy to use.
An embodiment of the present invention is described in greater detail below, on the basis of the drawings appended hereto. These drawings show the following:
Figure 1: A schematia representation of the circuit for the systems in the apparatus.
Figure 2: A plan view of the vessel used to process the blood.
A vessel 1, essentially in the form of an inverted bottle, has its neck opening closed tightly by means of a cover 2. The vessel 1 is produced from low-density plastic, such as polyethylene, in the same manner as a milk jug. The base 3 of the vessel is provided with a central opening 4 for the feed pipe 5. The feed pipe 5, which is produced from plastic tubing, and the vessel 1 are produced as disposable items, so that these are discarded once they have been used.
The vessel 1 is installed so as to be removable in a working surface 6 in a holder, said holder not being shown in greater detail herein in the interests of clarity. To this end, the vessel is installed in a lower retaining ring 7 and in an upper retaining ring 8. Such an arrangement makes it possible to install the vessel in the apparatus quickly and easily, and then remove it from this once the blood has been processed.
The feed pipe 5 that extends into the vessel 1 can be connected at the coupling 9 on a line 10 that leads to an ozone supply system. This coupling 9 is a conventional pipe or tube coupling so that the feed pipe 5 can also be replaced quickly and easily.
The ~ace surface of the lower end of the feed pipe 5 rests on the cover 2 of the vessel 1, this cover being curved outwards so that the ozone that i8 introduced can disperse through the gap formed in this way within the vessel 1 and then flow through the blood contained therein.
The vessel 1 is surrounded by a plurality of low-pressure ultraviolet lamps, these being of a U-shaped configuration in the embodiment shown. Four such lamps 11 are installed, and these are arranged at 90 to each other. The ultraviolet lamps 11 radiate a line spectrum in which line 253.7 nm accounts for the greater part of the radiation, for example, some 90 per 129~707 cent, so that highly effective irradiation of the blood contained within the vessel 1 can be achieved, and together with this, the desired disinfection and sterilisation of said blood.
As can be seen from figure 2, the vessel 1 and the greater part of the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps 11 that surround said vessel, namely three of said burners, are surrounded by a U-shaped reflector 12, so that the radiation emanating from the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps 11 to the side and to the rear can also be utilized. Only one of the lamps 11 is not so enclosed, so that it is possible to monitor the vessel visually as the blood contained therein is being processed.
An infrared lamp 13 is arranged within the apparatus beneath the vessel 1: the output of this infrared lamp can be adjusted. The infrared radiation from this lamp warms the blood contained in the vessel 1, and the ozone passing through the blood simultaneously ensures that it is warmed uniformly.
In order that the extent to which the blood within the vessel can be monitored and adjusted, a thermometer extends into the vessel 1 through the opening 7 together with the feed pipe 5. In the embodiment shown, the thermometer 14 is also a disposable item so that this, together with the vessel 1 and the feed pipe 5, is replaced once the blood has been processed.
However, it is also possible to provide a non-contact type thermometer, as a fixed component,in addition to or in place of the thermometer 14.
~29~
In the embodiment shown, an ozonizer 16 is used as a source of ozone; this ozonizer is connected to the line lo, and is connected through this and the solenoid valve 17 to an oxygen cylinder 19 that is fitted with a pressure gauge 18. The ozonizer 16 is fitted with at least one low-pressure ultraviolet lamp that also emits a line spectrum, line 183 nm accounting for the greatest part of the total radiation emitte~ by this lamp.
The electrical circuit for the apparatus incorporates a master switch 20, a processing switch 21, and switches 22, 23, and 24 for the infrared lamp 13/ the ultraviolet lamps ll, and the ozonizer 16. The individual systems, discussed above, that make up the apparatus are so interconnected that all of them are activated when the processin~ switch 21 is set to the l'on'l position, thereby ensuring that the blood contained within the vessel 1 does in fact undergo processing by all the necessary components.
A time 25 and/or a counter 26 can be connected to the processing switch 21.
A11 the components in the electrical circuit are safeguarded by warning lights so that it is always possible to monitor the proper operation of said components.
Claims (30)
1. An apparatus for the production of oxygenated blood, said apparatus incorporating a vessel for containing the blood that is to be processed, an ultraviolet lamp and an infrared lamp positioned to radiate output towards said vessel, a feed pipe extending into said vessel to a position near the bottom of said vessel, said feed pipe being connected to a source of ozone, wherein the vessel is essentially in the form of an inverted bottle, the neck opening of which is closed and the base of which incorporates a central opening for the feed pipe, the vessel and the feed pipe being designed as disposable items, the vessel being installed in the area of a working surface of the apparatus so as to be releasable therefrom, while the feed pipe is connectable to a coupling on a line that leads to the ozone source.
2. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the neck opening of the bottle is firmly closed by a cover that is curved outwards.
3. An apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein the neck of the vessel that is provided with a cover is in the approximate form of a lobe.
4. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the volume of the vessel is so calculated that its content is suf-ficient for a maximal quantity of foamed blood.
5. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the vessel is produced from a low-density polyethylene.
6. An apparatus as defined in claim 5, characterized in that the material for the vessel is of a high-quality, transparent to ultraviolet C, free of pyrogens, and can be sterilized by irradiation.
7. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the vessel is surrounded by a plurality of low-pressure ultraviolet lamps.
8. An apparatus as defined in claim 7, wherein the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps are produced from ozone-free quartz.
9. An apparatus as defined in claim 7, wherein the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps radiate a line spectrum in which line 253.7 nm accounts for the greatest part of the overall radiation, preferably approximately 90 per cent.
10. An apparatus as defined in claim 7, wherein the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps are U-shaped.
11. An apparatus as defined in claim 7, wherein four low-pressure ultraviolet lamps are incorporated.
12. An apparatus as defined in claim 7, wherein the vessel and the major part of the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps are surrounded by a U-shaped reflector.
13. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the infrared lamp is arranged beneath the vessel.
14. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein a thermometer is associated with the vessel.
15. An apparatus as defined in claim 14, wherein the thermometer extends into the vessel in the same way as the feed pipe.
16. An apparatus as defined in claim 15, wherein a thermocouple is used as a thermometer.
17. An apparatus as defined in claim 16, wherein when a temperature of 42.5°C is reached, the thermocouple transmits a pulse to switch off the apparatus.
18. An apparatus as defined in claim 16, wherein the thermacouple consists of a thick-walled glass tube, within which two wires of dissimilar metal, preferably iron and constantan, are arranged, the ends of which are connected to each other in the tip of the glass tube.
19. An apparatus as defined in claim 18, wherein the point of connection of the two wires forming the thermocouple is imbedded in casting plastic.
20. An apparatus as defined in claim 14, wherein the thermometer is arranged outside the vessel.
21. An apparatus as defined in claim 20, wherein a non-contact type of thermometer is used as the thermometer.
22. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the feed pipe consists of a thick-walled glass tube that can be connected to the source of ozone by means of a short section of tubing.
23. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein an ozonizer is used as a source of ozone, this being connected to an oxygen cylinder or the like through a solenoid valve.
24. An apparatus as defined in claim 23, wherein the ozonizer has at least one low-pressure ultraviolet lamp that radiates a line spectrum in which line 183 nm accounts for the greatest part of the total radiation.
25. An apparatus as defined in claim 23, wherein the ozonizer is connected to a normal voltage.
26. An apparatus as defined in claim 23, wherein the oxygen cylinder is fitted with a pressure-monitoring system.
27. An apparatus as defined in claim 23, wherein an oxygen generator is used in place of an oxygen cylinder.
28. An apparatus as defined in claim 23, wherein its electrical circuit comprises a master switch, a processing switch, and switches for the infrared lamp, the ultraviolet lamps and the ozonizer, which can be operated independently.
29. An apparatus as defined in claim 28, wherein the individual systems are so connected to each other that all the systems are activated when the processing switch is turned on.
30. An apparatus as defined in claim 28 or 29, wherein a timer and/or a counter is/are connected to the processing switch.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEG8700628.6 | 1987-01-15 | ||
DE8700628 | 1987-01-15 | ||
DEG8704467.6 | 1987-03-26 | ||
DE8704467U DE8704467U1 (en) | 1987-01-15 | 1987-03-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1291707C true CA1291707C (en) | 1991-11-05 |
Family
ID=25951457
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000549308A Expired - Lifetime CA1291707C (en) | 1987-01-15 | 1987-10-15 | Apparatus for the production of oxygenated blood |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4968483A (en) |
AU (1) | AU613333B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1291707C (en) |
DE (1) | DE8704467U1 (en) |
IE (1) | IE61311B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ223211A (en) |
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-
1987
- 1987-03-26 DE DE8704467U patent/DE8704467U1/de not_active Expired
- 1987-10-15 CA CA000549308A patent/CA1291707C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-04 US US07/117,519 patent/US4968483A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-01-07 AU AU10002/88A patent/AU613333B2/en not_active Expired
- 1988-01-14 IE IE9888A patent/IE61311B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-01-15 NZ NZ223211A patent/NZ223211A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1000288A (en) | 1988-07-28 |
US4968483A (en) | 1990-11-06 |
DE8704467U1 (en) | 1988-05-26 |
NZ223211A (en) | 1990-05-28 |
IE61311B1 (en) | 1994-10-19 |
AU613333B2 (en) | 1991-08-01 |
IE880098L (en) | 1988-07-15 |
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