CA1297926C - Heads up display - Google Patents
Heads up displayInfo
- Publication number
- CA1297926C CA1297926C CA000591146A CA591146A CA1297926C CA 1297926 C CA1297926 C CA 1297926C CA 000591146 A CA000591146 A CA 000591146A CA 591146 A CA591146 A CA 591146A CA 1297926 C CA1297926 C CA 1297926C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- instrument
- display apparatus
- light
- enhancing film
- transparent panel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
- G02B2027/012—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility comprising devices for attenuating parasitic image effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
- G02B2027/0194—Supplementary details with combiner of laminated type, for optical or mechanical aspects
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION
A heads-up display for moving vehicles such as an airplane or automobile includes a transparent sheet which may be the windscreen or windshield of the vehicle. An extremely thin enchacing film is secured in intimate contact with the transparent sheet and disposed either within the sheet, it it is a laminated sheet such as a safety glass sheet, or on that side of the sheet which is on the interior of the vehicle. The film is an absorber or blocker of selected light waves which match the light waves of a display of indicia projected against the interior side of the windscreen. The assembly of film and sheet eliminates the need for a separate, independent indicia reflector to be placed between the windscreen and the operator of the vehicle.
A heads-up display for moving vehicles such as an airplane or automobile includes a transparent sheet which may be the windscreen or windshield of the vehicle. An extremely thin enchacing film is secured in intimate contact with the transparent sheet and disposed either within the sheet, it it is a laminated sheet such as a safety glass sheet, or on that side of the sheet which is on the interior of the vehicle. The film is an absorber or blocker of selected light waves which match the light waves of a display of indicia projected against the interior side of the windscreen. The assembly of film and sheet eliminates the need for a separate, independent indicia reflector to be placed between the windscreen and the operator of the vehicle.
Description
~29~79~i ~L~
1. Field of the Invention.
~ hs pre ent inven~ion relate~ to an instrument display appara~us and more particularly to ~u~h a d2vicQ which is a~p~ed to produce a re lected image of an in~trument in a windscreen or other similar a sembly such that an operator may view sa~e while simultaneously viewing out through the windscreen.
1. Field of the Invention.
~ hs pre ent inven~ion relate~ to an instrument display appara~us and more particularly to ~u~h a d2vicQ which is a~p~ed to produce a re lected image of an in~trument in a windscreen or other similar a sembly such that an operator may view sa~e while simultaneously viewing out through the windscreen.
2. Description of the Prior Art.
The dsvelopment of a haad-up display (HUD) is relatively new and probably had its genesis in the military aircraft field. As should be understood and in the operatiun of high-~peed airora~t, traveling in excess of the speed of so~nd, and particularly aircraft de3igned for co~bat maneuvering, it is ettremely hazardous for the pilot to divert his attention fro~ a point o~ interQst in the vicinity o~ the aircraft to read the dials, gaugQs, instruments, warning indicators, etc., on the assorted instru~ent panQls whlch are located in various positions about the cockpit but below his normal line of sight.
More recently this same probl8m has been recognized in the field o~ high speed motor car operation. Further, experts have speculated that this same technology could perhap~ be help~ul in the day to day driving activities o~ the avera~e motorist .
~n bny vehlcle application, however, one will recoynize that employment Or a HUD will enhance ~he ga~e operatlon of same because a HUD permits the op0rator o~ the vehicle to vlew, ciirectly in his line Or sight, critical instrumentation displays such as speed, ~uel consumption, oil pressure, etc., without diverting his eyes from the area immediately in fron~ of the vehicle.
~k The prlor art is repleta with numarous e~amples of heads up display de~ices. For example heads up display systems have been disclosed in several U.S. patents, particularly Steward 4,6S2,~70: Banbury 4,560,233; Spooner 4,347,508; and Garner 4,453,163. Further the references cited in these same U.S.
patents are pertinent but not as critical or relevank a$ are the above four patents to ~he instrumen~ di~play apparatus of t~e presen~ i~entio~.
A~ interesting as the prior art ~ay be, none of these references teaches or suggests the method and apparatus of the present invention wherein a substantially transparent windscreen is borne by an overland vehicle and which includes a predetermined tint field which attenuates pre~elected wavelengths o~ ht and which provides unrestricted vi~wing in all directions and which ;~ co~bined with an instrument which is displayed adjacen_ to the windscr~en and which produces light in the selected wavelengths which are attenuated by the tint ~ield whereby the i~age o~ the instrument appears within the tint fleld.
OBJECTS OF_TN~ I~Y~TION
It is, there~ore, a principle ob;ect o~ the present invention to provide an instrument display apparatus which can be mounted in all manner o~ overland vehicles, watercra~t, aircra~t or the li~e without introducing any additional extraneous and/or danqerous ob~ects between the veh.icle operator and the wind~creen.
A Purther object o~ the present invention i5 to provide an in~t~n~ display apparatus which can ba directly cont.rolled either manually or automatically, ralative to the ambient lighting and weather condition~ thereby providing a re~lected image which is clear and distinct.
~2~7~
Another object of the pre~ent invention is to provide an instrument display appara~us which is operable to fit into existing overland vehicle cons~ruction.
~ nother obje~t of the pre3ent invention is to provide an instrument display apparatus which provides a substantially ghost-~ree imag~.
Ano~her object of the pre~ont invention is to provide an instrument display apparatus which absorbs, ~locks, or attenuate~ secondary reflected li~ht ~aves which lie in the red/orange band.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an inst = ent display apparatus which operates ef~ectively regardlesA o~ the rake or slant o~ the windscreen and which, furthermore, can provide bene~icial results in providing a screen a~ainst external interference, such as bri~ht sunlight, the bright lights of oncoming vehicles, stc.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an instrument display apparatus which may be manufactured as an integral component of an overland vehicle or which further can be manu~actured in the manner o~ a r~tro~lt.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an instrument display apparatus which is characterized by ease of installation, simplicity o~ construction, and which ~urther can be sold at a r~latively nominal prlce when compared with related prior art devices.
Another object o~ the pres~nt invention i5 to provide an instrumQnt display apparatus which is easily accessible for maintenance modi~ication or the like.
Another object o~ the present invention is to provide an instrument display apparatus which is operable to obtain the individual bene~its to be derived ~rom related prior art devices while avoiding the detriments individually associated therewith.
~2~
Further o~jects and advantages are to provide improved elements and arrange~ents the~eof in an instrument display apparatus for the purposes described which is dependable, economical, durable, and ~ully efXective in accomplishing its intended pUrpOSQ~.
ThQ~e and o~er objects and advantage~ are achieved in an instrument display appar~tu~ which include~ a substantially transparent panel Aaving a pred~teroined tint field which attenuates presa~ected wavelengt~s of light, and which provides unrestricted viewing in all directions, the tint field at~enuating light which strike~ the transparent panel in all directions, and an instrument to be digplayed positioned adjacent to ~he transparent panel and which is adapted to produce light in the selected wavelengths which are attenuated by the tint field ~hereby the image of the instrument appears within the tint.
field.
SV~W ~5~
In the present invention a ~ilm, coating or emllsion forming a predetermined tint field is placed within (or against, or in intimate contact with, or made integral with) the sur~ace or structure of a windshield or windscreen in such a manner and a position such that data in the form o~ visual indicia to be noted by the operator o~ the vehicle can be exhibited directly on the innermost surface of the windscregn, under enhanced or improved optical conditions, and without interfering with the operator's line of ~ight through the wind~creen and, therefore, permitting the simultaneous observation, by the operator, o the environment on the outside o~ the vehicle ag well a~ the characteLis~iCs Of the vi~ual data to be observed on the innermost surface of the windscreen.
As should be understood the enhancing film which forms the tint field of the present invention is an absorption filter which may be made integral with the composition which makes up 2~
~he windscreen or which may be sardwiched betw~en two lamina of the windscreen, (similar to or as a part of the ~sa~ety glassn feature thereo~), or which further ~ay be placed or fixed on ~he inner~ost facing surface of the windscreen. Further, a windscreen incorpora~ing the abo~e-mentioned tint field can be pr~vided inexpensively as a part o~ the ~ta~dard equipmen~ Or the vehicle; can be supplied as a ~eparate option; can be easily replaced and~or repaired along wikh a replacement windscreen if the windscreen is da~aged; and is not effected by abrasion o~
foreign particles striking the exterior surface of the windscreen.
With the above objects in view, and with a general comprehension Or the invention, ~urther information and a better understanding of the prQsent invention may be achieved by referriny to the ~Ollowing detailed description.
For the purpose o~ illustrating the present invention, there is shown in the accompanying drawings a form thereof which is at presant pre~erred, although it i5 to be understood that the various instrumentalities of which the invention con i5~5 can be variously arranged and organized, and that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangement and organizations o~ the instrumentalitie~ as shown and dQscribed herein.
In the drawings, and wherein like re~erence characters indicate like parts:
Fig. l is a partial, lonqitudinal, sectional view o~
the passenqer compartment o~ a vehicle and which illustrates how an opRrator or tne over~an~ vehicle may view simultaneously both the external environment a~ well as the re~lections o~ the visual indicia placed in ~ront oS him within the vehicle.
Fig. 2 is a ~ragmentary, greatly enlarged, diagrammatical illustration o~ the effect of the ~multipathing~
;~, 5 ~ ~ ,, .
or ~hosting~ of the reflected image and ~hi~h is suhstantially avolded ~y the pre~ent invention.
Fig. 3 is a partial, schematic, front elevational view of the windscreen having a Fr~determined tint Field o~ the pre ent inven~ion.
Fig. 4 is an illus~ra~ion of a portable demonstration device o~ ~he present invention.
Fig. 5 is a fragmentary, greatly enlarsed, diagram~a~ical illustration si~ilar to Fig. 2 and whi~h illustrates the predetermined tint field located bet~een two lamina of the windshield.
Flg. 6 is a graphic illus~ration o~ the lightwa~e absorbing fsatures o~ the ttnt ~ield which is made integral with th0 windshield.
Fig. 7 illustrates the appe~rance ~ro~ the interior of the vehicle o~ the predetermine~ tint field on the windscreen.
Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, thare is shown at numeral lO a windshield, windscreen, window, viewport, or any other transparent sheet through which a surrounding environment ~ay b~ viewed and which may inclu~e the windshield of an automoblle or other overland vehicle, or the windscreen o~ an aircraft, etc. T~e windscreen lO may be composed of glass, plastic, polycarbonate, acrylic, crystal, mineral, or any othQr transparent material, either tinted or neutral~ Although conceivably a principle application ~or the present invention would b0 ~or use in aircra~t or automobile windshields or windscreens, it is also pos8~ ble to apply the~e same teachings to a side or rear window, oremploy sama on o~her vehi¢les, such as motorcycles. Similarly, the pre~ent inv0ntion can also be used in other applications such as bank tellers booth5, control booths, ticket sQlling booths, e~c. As ghould be understood, the wind~crean employed in the present invention, apart f rom the predetermined tint ~ield 12 which will be made integral therewith ~ ~79~6 and which will be discussed in greatPx detail hereina~ter, is of conventional design. That is, the wi~dscreen per~its substantaally unrestricted viewin~ o~ the exterior environment from vaxious positions relative ~o the windscreen by the operator 11 of tha o~erland vehicle.
The pre7en~ invention includes an enhanc~ng film or predetermined tint field 12 which i5 ma~e i~tegral with the windscreen 10 and which may include a layer of transparent polymeriG material, glass, mineral, e~ulsion, tinting or other coating, including those with metallic additives, applied in molten for~, solution, or rolling adha~ive, and whiah is fixed by these assorted ~eans of attachment direct~y to the inner surface of the windshield 10 or sandwiched between the two glass layers o~ safety glass or made integral wi~h the composition which makes up the windshi~ld 10 as by being dispersed or suspended in the lattice structure thereof. As should be understood the predetermined tint field is specifically not dispo~ed in the space between the operator or observer 11 and the windscreen 10.
The enhancing film or predetermined tint ~ield 12 which operates as an absorption filter, incorporates any selected absorption phenomena which permits a primary reflection which is more power~ul than any secondary reflection or image cast against the windscreen 10. More particularly, the enhancing ~ilm or predetermined tilt ~ield, in general, i8 operable to absorb or attenuate pred~termine~ ~requencies of li~ht which originate from diverse locatlons, direction~, and angles, includinq the environment exterior to the vehicle or light which may be emittad or re~lected from an in~tn~ent 14. Furtharitshould ~e undarstood that this selective a~sorption o~ predetermined wavelengths which originates from tha axterior environment operates to enhance the primary re~lected image ~y greatly improving the contrast o~ the primary re~lected image relative to the background lightin~ conditions. In addition to the .,.~" ` .
37~
fore~oing, the predetermined tin~ field does not inhlbit or otherwlse restrict in any fashion/ ~he operator's directi.onal view through the windscreen, that is, tha operator 11 has unrestricted viewing through the windscreen regardless of his position. Further, the prima~y reflected image produced in the predete~ined tin~ field a~ a re~ult of the teachings of the present i~vention may be seen fro~ any po~ition in the overland vehicle the~eby greatly facilitating its utility.
An object or instru~ent to be re~lected 14 by the enhancing ~ilm or predeter~ined tint field 12 on the inne~o~t facing surface of the windscreen lO to produce the aforementioned heads up image may bs any gauge, dial, cathode ray tube, switch, knob, indicator, etc., which discloses a level, or condition which may be visually observed by the operator 11. Examples of instrument ci~sters or other displays include speedometers, RP~
indicators, temperature gauges, pressure, voltage, or amperage indicators, air speed indicators, compasses, altitude indicators, fuel level indicators, radio frequency indicators, volume level indicators, and status ligh~s ~or environmental and/or weapons controls, clocks, malfunctions, etc. The instrument display or cluster and which is indicated by the numeral 14 in Fig. 1 may be arti~icially illuminated by any back, side, or front lights 13 which operate to augment, supplement or enhance the reflected ambient ligh~ 18. ~his arti~icial lighting 13 may be of several types including incande~cent, fluorescent, arc di.scharge (e.g.
sodium or mercury vapor), electrolumine~tcent, light-emitting diodes (LED), laser, vacuum ~luorescQnt etc. Tha arti~icial lighting may be placed in ~ront o~ or behind the instrument dlsplay 14. 'rhe intensity of the arti icial lighting may be salcctively controlled by a manually adjustable rheostat or potenticm~ter and/or automatically by a photosensor, which can detect the ambient lighting conditions and therea~ter increase or decrease the intensity of the artificial lighting 13 if the ambient lighting conditions warrant.
As be~t seen in Fig. 1 the instru~ent 14 is flxed on a dashboard 15 which may be control panel, instru~nt panel, or fram~work which holds or support5 the instru~ent display 14 and the artificial lights 13 in pr~d~termined po~itions relative to the windshield 10. This con~eivably may ~e the sa~e dashboard configuration which was originally designed ~or displaying the instrument indicators directly in ~he line of sight of the observer 11 or may ba supplemental thereto. Further the invention may display visual data indicia on the enhancing film or predetermin~d tint field to~ally independent of any instrument indicators which may appear in other locations on the dashboard.
A reflectlon including both a primary and a secondary, or ghost image from the instr~m~.~t indica~ors 14 which appear in the o~servers 11 line of ~ight 16A, as displayed on the innermost facing surface of the windscreen 10, and in the enhancing film or predeter~ined tint field 12 are displayed in such a position relativs to the line o~ sight 16A of the observer 11 such that the observer does not need to shift his vision appreciably when reading the instrument indicators 14 which are selected for the heads up display, while the operator simultaneously looks forward beyond the front of the vehicle to the environment surrounding the vehiclQ.
I'hus, and as best soen by referencs to Fig. 3, the area o~ thn enhancing ~ilm or predeterminsd tint field 12 may be much 3maller than the total area oP the windscreen lO provided it is disposed in such a posi~ion ~at it ~ove~s the area through which th~ operator normally views the environment which is immediately ahead of the vehicle when it is moving forwardly. The position of the predetermined tint field 12 ig sub~tantially in alignment with the operator 11 as he is positioned in the driver's seat.
Understandably, this would be reversed in those countries where ~_f~97~6 tha steering wh el is on the ri~ht hand side of the car. Further it should be understood that this predetermined tint field can also be duplicated on the right hand portion of the windscreen lo a~ in the ca~e o~ aixcraft where ~th the pilot and co-pilot can S take advantage of this invention. Further~ore, the entir~
windscr en can be pr~ided with the present invention so that the entire surface ~hereo~ is enhance~ t~her,aby pro~iding the benefits which were discussed earlier.
Although I have illustrat~d a human being 11 as the observer or operator of the vehicle which includes the presen~
invention, and who employs his own vision as the detector of the visual display produced by the invention, on the windscreen, it is to be understood that any re~otely controlled device for recording and~or transmitting visual information, such as a camera, video recorder, a tcle~ision camera, etc., not shown, can be remotely located in the position o~ the operator 11 as illustrated in Fig. 1. This may be particularly critical for the operation o~ devices such as drone aircraft or other overland vehicles which have no human operators but which are remotely controlled.
A,3 earlier discuased and as shown in Fig. 1, I have illustrated how ambient light 18 which originates Prom the environment outside the vehicle passes ~hrough the windscreen lO
and thnrea~ter dir~actly illuminates the instrument indicators 14 a~ well as the observer 11. This ambient lighting intensity determines the artiPicial light required to be ~upplied by the artificial lighting 13 to produce a readable primary rePlected image in the enhancing Pilm or predetermined tmt Pield 12.
Under brigh~ lighting condition~ it is possible that no artiPicial lighting may be necessary Por particular types oP
instru~ent clusters, particularly analog disp-ays which include a rePlective display Pace and a movable needle assembly, the instsument placed in a fashion wherein the ambient exterior light ~7~ 6 may be reflected off of the fac~ ~hereo~ and onto the predetermined tint ~ield.
All the foregoing provides t~e image of the various instr~ments or dials etc. 14 on -the enhancing film or predeter~ined kilt field 12 while yet per~itting clear and unobstructed view o~ the environment 19 directly in the line of sight 16A o~ the operator or viQw~r 11.
As be~t shown by re~erence to Fig. 2 I have illustrated the ~multipathing~ or ~ghost e~ect~ which the present invention is adapted to suhstantially eliminate and which can occur when an image or ray of light which is e~itted from the instrument 14 pas~es through a windscreen 10. Under thQse conditions, the primary or desired image 16 is re~lected ofr the surface nearest to the observer 11 and along the line of sight 16A (in this ca~e the int~rface betwe~n the air and the predetermined tint ~ield 12 which has be~n applied to the interior sur~ace of the win~screen 10 or made integral with this co~position). One of the ininite num~er o~ secondary reflection~ which can occur in such an optical arrangement is shown a~ numeral 16F and repre~ents the ~ghost~ which is most troubl2som2 because of its intensity and its virtual ~oparation ~rom the line of sight 16A. SUch ghosts tend to alutker or otherwise obscure the primary image such that the precise details o~ the im~ge may not bz discerned without di~iculty. Further, other secondary rc~lections or ghosts may be weak ~r so near to the line of sight 16A such as to be undetectabl~ or indiscernibla.
One o~ the principle ob~ect~ o~ the enhancing film or prede~erminea tln~ ~leld 12 is to improve the primary lmag~which i5 saen along the ~ine o~ sight 16A and to diminish or eliminate the secondary reflections or ghosts 16F to such a state where it is virtually undetectable and/or the ~ghost~ is eliminated with the result that only one primary image is perceived by the obsorver 11.
:, . 11 y~
9~6 To substantially eli~ina~e or ma~erially diminish the second~ry reflections or ~ghos~s~ 16F, the enhancing film or predeter~ined tint field 12 contains orange~red ~lockers~ so that when the orange/red light wav~s pa5s through the enhancing ~ilm or predeter~ined tint field a~ at l~B, they are substantially abs~rbed by ~he tint ~ield, and khere~ore any orange~red light wav~ pa~ing ther~b~ en as at 16C and reflected ~rom the out~r surf~c~ Or the windscreen 10 along ~e path 16D, are further ab30rbed when passing through the tint field at 16E, and thus substantially no nrange/red liyht waves are reflected to ~he eye of the ob~erver ll for~ing the ~ghost~
16F. I~ any lightwave5 do succeed in ~aking ~his transiti~n, they are virtually undetectable and, there~ore, no ~qhost~ i~ages are created.
In addltion to the ~oregoing, fQderal law mandat2s ~nat windscreons be desig~ed to trans~it at least 70% of the visible light spectrum. In order to comply with the provisions of law, the tint rield 12 is P.esigned to su~stantially and selectively attenuato or absorb only those wavzlengths o~ light re~lected or e~itted by thQ instrument 14. More particularly, it has bQen discovered that upon achiev~ng the selective trans~?ssion or reflection of ligh~ in the predetermined frequencies, the tint fleld can be adapted to a~tenuate ju8t thoae ~re~uencies such that thc aYerage visible gpectrum t~ansmission o~ the windshield 10 is not reduccd below the 70~ r~quircment as mandated by PQderal law. As discua5ed above, the appli~ant has selected orange~red bloc~ers Por the kint ~i~ld, which are adapted to abaorb a high pelc~ a~e oP light produced in the oran~e/red band whicb re~ides at 625-700 nanometers.
As should be understood, a two-Pold benefit is achieved by matchin~ the peak rzPlected or e~itted frequencie of light produced by the instrument 14 with a predeter~insd tint field 12.
The primary bene~it as discusg8d above i5 to reduce substantially ~7~
the lntensity of the secondaxy re~lecsed or ~ghost~ image. This affect is achieved by the invention because ligh~ passing through tha wind~cre2n 10 and which cau~es the ~yhostr pas~s through the predatermined tint ~ield on ~wo occasions. On each occasion the ~ghost~ is w~akened to such an extent tha~ it beco~es barely perceptible in relatiYe comparison to the pri~ary im~ge by ~he time that it e~erg~s in ~he op~rato~s 11 line o~ sight 16A.
Further and in addition to the foregoing, the secondary benefit o~ the tint field is to increase the primary image contrast relative to the ambient bac~ground light by reducing the amount of in-band light which is readily apparent in the background. In the pre~ent instance, colors in ~he red/orange band have oeen se~ected, how~ver this same concept can be applied to virtu~lly any color.
At Fig. 4 I have illustrate~ one form of a portable device 30 which demonstrates the principles of the present invention. The portable devices is approximately 24 inches long by 12 inches wide and 18 inches high and consists of a piece o~
laminated sarety glass 31 with an attached enhancing film 32.
This combination is supported by a box ~rame in a manner approximating the rake of an automobile windshield with a dashboa~d underneath. Also supported by the ~rame i~ a speedometer display face (not shown) and which casts the ~heads ups display~ image 36 along line 16, to be reflected from the film 32 along path 16A which represents the line of sight of the ob~erver. Internal lighting i~ ~upplied by twin quartz halog~n bulhs (also not shown). The power to augment the lighting i5 supplied when the on/of~ switch 3~ ~5 ~urned on. A rneostat 33 allow~ manual intensity control to suit the background lighting in contrast in the environment. The windscreen 31 and the film 31 may be removed ~rom the support 35 by unbolting the brackets and supports 37.
,, d ~
~7~6 In the present inventlon, one aspect which distinguishes the s~ructure fro~ the prior art disclosures (as for instance the disclosure shown in Tustison, U.S~ Patent No.
4,7~4,053) is that the enhancing film or pr~d~e~ined tint field 12 inolude~ specifio ~blockers~ or absorber of certain optical wavelengths or frequencies and, more specifically, an a~sorber of the orange~red light waves (625-700 nano~ters). If other colors are to ba blocked or absorbed, the wavel~ngths of the emitted or reflected lights 16 is substantially matched to the absorbing band of the enhancing ~ilm or predete~mined tint field 12. This enhancing rilm as earlier discussed may be placed, either on the inside surface (the operator side) o~ the windscreen lO, laminated betweQn two separate layers of the windscreen lo as in the nature of safety glass so that it is between the inner and outer sur~acQ3 of the windscreen, or made integral with the composition which makes up the windscreen. Although conceivably it could be positioned on the outside facing surface of the windscreen, this would not bo desirable because it would be abraded by sand, dirt, oil, snow, etc., which impinge3 again~t the outside o~ the windscreen as the vehicle moves ~orward. The most desirable place ~or the predetermined tint ~ield 12 is within the windscreen or alternatively to be mnde integral with the composition thereo~ because, when it i5 placed on ~he inner ~acing surface o~ the windscreen, khere i8 a likelihood that the enhancing ~ilm or predetermine~ tint ~ield may be abraded when the windscreen i9 CleanQd.
In accordance with the teachings noted above, I have shown at Fig. 5 a cro33-section o~ th~ windscreen wherej.- cne enhanclng ~ilm or predetermined tint field 12 is placed between the inner and outer sur~aces thereof. This illustrates how the reflected red/orange light waveg which ~orm the primary im~ge and which i9 ~een along the line of sight 16A is seen by the driver ll, but any llght which passes through the inner lamina 16-1 is _ 14 12~37~6 absor~ed at 16~ by the enhancins f~lm 12, and therefore, any continuing image (if any) whic~ pa~efi through the outrr lamina at 16C and re~lected by the surface thereof along the path 16D, is further and once again absorbed by the red~oran~e ~lockers~
5 of the enhancing fil~ or predeter~inP~ ~int field at 16E. Any light which passes through ~he inner lamina at 16F-1 toward the observer and which forms the ~ghost~ 16F is either so ~ini~al as to be in~apable of creating a nghost~ or is virtually undetectable.
The elimination of the ~ghosting image~ is particularly critical in the more recent model automobiles where a 28- rake of the windscre~n (i.e., the anqle between the slope of the windscrs~n and the line of vision of the driver) is fairly SQvere and tends to exaggerate or increage the ghosting image problem.
The positluning of thn enhancing film or predetermined tint field in the use o~ the orange/red ~lockers~ is also illustrated at Fig. 6 which is a graphic illustration which shows that 80~ or more of the orange/red frequencies are absorbed by the enhancing film or predetermined tint field on the initial pass through the tint field as well as the re~lected pa~s through the tint field 12.
Flg. 7 further illustrates the use of the enhancing Silm or predetermined tint ~iald in the windscreen 10, where the small patch 100 appears in the driver~ line of vision while the operator looks through the windscreen toward the road ahead. The slope of the hood 101 of the automobile mandates that the enhancing film be placed high enough in the windscreen so that the driver~S line o~ vi~ion p~s~e~ tnrough the enhancing film above the sur~ace o~ the hood, and beyond to the road ahead.
It can also be seen by reference to Fig. 7 that the enhancing film or predetermined tint field does not, of necessity, have to extend all the way to the upper edge 102 of the wind~creen, nor very far to either the right or left because ..
g7~32~
the opera~or 11 of the vehicl~ when ~rivlng at customary road speeds, looks straight ahead, and not to the right or left when interested in knowiny what vital in~ormation is projected by the present appara~us, on the enhancing ~llm or predeter~ined tint fieldO Howaver, tha enhancing ~ilm or predete~mined tint field area must be large enough to accom~od~te opera~ors of all sizQs, that is, tha line of ~ision o f a s~aller per~on sitting in the drivers seat (whlch di~ension deterMines the location of the lo~er edge of thQ enhancing film or predetermined tint field) as well as a tall person sitting in a d~iver~s ~eat, which dimen~ion dQtermines the location of the upper edge of the enhancing film or predetermined tint field.
It is furthermore to be understood that my present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or special atr.ributes thereof; and it is therefore, desira~le that the Fre~ent embodiments be considered in all respects as illustrative and, thereore, not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims rather than to the ~oregoing description to indicate the scope Or the invention.
,`~ 1~
The dsvelopment of a haad-up display (HUD) is relatively new and probably had its genesis in the military aircraft field. As should be understood and in the operatiun of high-~peed airora~t, traveling in excess of the speed of so~nd, and particularly aircraft de3igned for co~bat maneuvering, it is ettremely hazardous for the pilot to divert his attention fro~ a point o~ interQst in the vicinity o~ the aircraft to read the dials, gaugQs, instruments, warning indicators, etc., on the assorted instru~ent panQls whlch are located in various positions about the cockpit but below his normal line of sight.
More recently this same probl8m has been recognized in the field o~ high speed motor car operation. Further, experts have speculated that this same technology could perhap~ be help~ul in the day to day driving activities o~ the avera~e motorist .
~n bny vehlcle application, however, one will recoynize that employment Or a HUD will enhance ~he ga~e operatlon of same because a HUD permits the op0rator o~ the vehicle to vlew, ciirectly in his line Or sight, critical instrumentation displays such as speed, ~uel consumption, oil pressure, etc., without diverting his eyes from the area immediately in fron~ of the vehicle.
~k The prlor art is repleta with numarous e~amples of heads up display de~ices. For example heads up display systems have been disclosed in several U.S. patents, particularly Steward 4,6S2,~70: Banbury 4,560,233; Spooner 4,347,508; and Garner 4,453,163. Further the references cited in these same U.S.
patents are pertinent but not as critical or relevank a$ are the above four patents to ~he instrumen~ di~play apparatus of t~e presen~ i~entio~.
A~ interesting as the prior art ~ay be, none of these references teaches or suggests the method and apparatus of the present invention wherein a substantially transparent windscreen is borne by an overland vehicle and which includes a predetermined tint field which attenuates pre~elected wavelengths o~ ht and which provides unrestricted vi~wing in all directions and which ;~ co~bined with an instrument which is displayed adjacen_ to the windscr~en and which produces light in the selected wavelengths which are attenuated by the tint ~ield whereby the i~age o~ the instrument appears within the tint fleld.
OBJECTS OF_TN~ I~Y~TION
It is, there~ore, a principle ob;ect o~ the present invention to provide an instrument display apparatus which can be mounted in all manner o~ overland vehicles, watercra~t, aircra~t or the li~e without introducing any additional extraneous and/or danqerous ob~ects between the veh.icle operator and the wind~creen.
A Purther object o~ the present invention i5 to provide an in~t~n~ display apparatus which can ba directly cont.rolled either manually or automatically, ralative to the ambient lighting and weather condition~ thereby providing a re~lected image which is clear and distinct.
~2~7~
Another object of the pre~ent invention is to provide an instrument display appara~us which is operable to fit into existing overland vehicle cons~ruction.
~ nother obje~t of the pre3ent invention is to provide an instrument display apparatus which provides a substantially ghost-~ree imag~.
Ano~her object of the pre~ont invention is to provide an instrument display apparatus which absorbs, ~locks, or attenuate~ secondary reflected li~ht ~aves which lie in the red/orange band.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an inst = ent display apparatus which operates ef~ectively regardlesA o~ the rake or slant o~ the windscreen and which, furthermore, can provide bene~icial results in providing a screen a~ainst external interference, such as bri~ht sunlight, the bright lights of oncoming vehicles, stc.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an instrument display apparatus which may be manufactured as an integral component of an overland vehicle or which further can be manu~actured in the manner o~ a r~tro~lt.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an instrument display apparatus which is characterized by ease of installation, simplicity o~ construction, and which ~urther can be sold at a r~latively nominal prlce when compared with related prior art devices.
Another object o~ the pres~nt invention i5 to provide an instrumQnt display apparatus which is easily accessible for maintenance modi~ication or the like.
Another object o~ the present invention is to provide an instrument display apparatus which is operable to obtain the individual bene~its to be derived ~rom related prior art devices while avoiding the detriments individually associated therewith.
~2~
Further o~jects and advantages are to provide improved elements and arrange~ents the~eof in an instrument display apparatus for the purposes described which is dependable, economical, durable, and ~ully efXective in accomplishing its intended pUrpOSQ~.
ThQ~e and o~er objects and advantage~ are achieved in an instrument display appar~tu~ which include~ a substantially transparent panel Aaving a pred~teroined tint field which attenuates presa~ected wavelengt~s of light, and which provides unrestricted viewing in all directions, the tint field at~enuating light which strike~ the transparent panel in all directions, and an instrument to be digplayed positioned adjacent to ~he transparent panel and which is adapted to produce light in the selected wavelengths which are attenuated by the tint field ~hereby the image of the instrument appears within the tint.
field.
SV~W ~5~
In the present invention a ~ilm, coating or emllsion forming a predetermined tint field is placed within (or against, or in intimate contact with, or made integral with) the sur~ace or structure of a windshield or windscreen in such a manner and a position such that data in the form o~ visual indicia to be noted by the operator o~ the vehicle can be exhibited directly on the innermost surface of the windscregn, under enhanced or improved optical conditions, and without interfering with the operator's line of ~ight through the wind~creen and, therefore, permitting the simultaneous observation, by the operator, o the environment on the outside o~ the vehicle ag well a~ the characteLis~iCs Of the vi~ual data to be observed on the innermost surface of the windscreen.
As should be understood the enhancing film which forms the tint field of the present invention is an absorption filter which may be made integral with the composition which makes up 2~
~he windscreen or which may be sardwiched betw~en two lamina of the windscreen, (similar to or as a part of the ~sa~ety glassn feature thereo~), or which further ~ay be placed or fixed on ~he inner~ost facing surface of the windscreen. Further, a windscreen incorpora~ing the abo~e-mentioned tint field can be pr~vided inexpensively as a part o~ the ~ta~dard equipmen~ Or the vehicle; can be supplied as a ~eparate option; can be easily replaced and~or repaired along wikh a replacement windscreen if the windscreen is da~aged; and is not effected by abrasion o~
foreign particles striking the exterior surface of the windscreen.
With the above objects in view, and with a general comprehension Or the invention, ~urther information and a better understanding of the prQsent invention may be achieved by referriny to the ~Ollowing detailed description.
For the purpose o~ illustrating the present invention, there is shown in the accompanying drawings a form thereof which is at presant pre~erred, although it i5 to be understood that the various instrumentalities of which the invention con i5~5 can be variously arranged and organized, and that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangement and organizations o~ the instrumentalitie~ as shown and dQscribed herein.
In the drawings, and wherein like re~erence characters indicate like parts:
Fig. l is a partial, lonqitudinal, sectional view o~
the passenqer compartment o~ a vehicle and which illustrates how an opRrator or tne over~an~ vehicle may view simultaneously both the external environment a~ well as the re~lections o~ the visual indicia placed in ~ront oS him within the vehicle.
Fig. 2 is a ~ragmentary, greatly enlarged, diagrammatical illustration o~ the effect of the ~multipathing~
;~, 5 ~ ~ ,, .
or ~hosting~ of the reflected image and ~hi~h is suhstantially avolded ~y the pre~ent invention.
Fig. 3 is a partial, schematic, front elevational view of the windscreen having a Fr~determined tint Field o~ the pre ent inven~ion.
Fig. 4 is an illus~ra~ion of a portable demonstration device o~ ~he present invention.
Fig. 5 is a fragmentary, greatly enlarsed, diagram~a~ical illustration si~ilar to Fig. 2 and whi~h illustrates the predetermined tint field located bet~een two lamina of the windshield.
Flg. 6 is a graphic illus~ration o~ the lightwa~e absorbing fsatures o~ the ttnt ~ield which is made integral with th0 windshield.
Fig. 7 illustrates the appe~rance ~ro~ the interior of the vehicle o~ the predetermine~ tint field on the windscreen.
Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, thare is shown at numeral lO a windshield, windscreen, window, viewport, or any other transparent sheet through which a surrounding environment ~ay b~ viewed and which may inclu~e the windshield of an automoblle or other overland vehicle, or the windscreen o~ an aircraft, etc. T~e windscreen lO may be composed of glass, plastic, polycarbonate, acrylic, crystal, mineral, or any othQr transparent material, either tinted or neutral~ Although conceivably a principle application ~or the present invention would b0 ~or use in aircra~t or automobile windshields or windscreens, it is also pos8~ ble to apply the~e same teachings to a side or rear window, oremploy sama on o~her vehi¢les, such as motorcycles. Similarly, the pre~ent inv0ntion can also be used in other applications such as bank tellers booth5, control booths, ticket sQlling booths, e~c. As ghould be understood, the wind~crean employed in the present invention, apart f rom the predetermined tint ~ield 12 which will be made integral therewith ~ ~79~6 and which will be discussed in greatPx detail hereina~ter, is of conventional design. That is, the wi~dscreen per~its substantaally unrestricted viewin~ o~ the exterior environment from vaxious positions relative ~o the windscreen by the operator 11 of tha o~erland vehicle.
The pre7en~ invention includes an enhanc~ng film or predetermined tint field 12 which i5 ma~e i~tegral with the windscreen 10 and which may include a layer of transparent polymeriG material, glass, mineral, e~ulsion, tinting or other coating, including those with metallic additives, applied in molten for~, solution, or rolling adha~ive, and whiah is fixed by these assorted ~eans of attachment direct~y to the inner surface of the windshield 10 or sandwiched between the two glass layers o~ safety glass or made integral wi~h the composition which makes up the windshi~ld 10 as by being dispersed or suspended in the lattice structure thereof. As should be understood the predetermined tint field is specifically not dispo~ed in the space between the operator or observer 11 and the windscreen 10.
The enhancing film or predetermined tint ~ield 12 which operates as an absorption filter, incorporates any selected absorption phenomena which permits a primary reflection which is more power~ul than any secondary reflection or image cast against the windscreen 10. More particularly, the enhancing ~ilm or predetermined tilt ~ield, in general, i8 operable to absorb or attenuate pred~termine~ ~requencies of li~ht which originate from diverse locatlons, direction~, and angles, includinq the environment exterior to the vehicle or light which may be emittad or re~lected from an in~tn~ent 14. Furtharitshould ~e undarstood that this selective a~sorption o~ predetermined wavelengths which originates from tha axterior environment operates to enhance the primary re~lected image ~y greatly improving the contrast o~ the primary re~lected image relative to the background lightin~ conditions. In addition to the .,.~" ` .
37~
fore~oing, the predetermined tin~ field does not inhlbit or otherwlse restrict in any fashion/ ~he operator's directi.onal view through the windscreen, that is, tha operator 11 has unrestricted viewing through the windscreen regardless of his position. Further, the prima~y reflected image produced in the predete~ined tin~ field a~ a re~ult of the teachings of the present i~vention may be seen fro~ any po~ition in the overland vehicle the~eby greatly facilitating its utility.
An object or instru~ent to be re~lected 14 by the enhancing ~ilm or predeter~ined tint field 12 on the inne~o~t facing surface of the windscreen lO to produce the aforementioned heads up image may bs any gauge, dial, cathode ray tube, switch, knob, indicator, etc., which discloses a level, or condition which may be visually observed by the operator 11. Examples of instrument ci~sters or other displays include speedometers, RP~
indicators, temperature gauges, pressure, voltage, or amperage indicators, air speed indicators, compasses, altitude indicators, fuel level indicators, radio frequency indicators, volume level indicators, and status ligh~s ~or environmental and/or weapons controls, clocks, malfunctions, etc. The instrument display or cluster and which is indicated by the numeral 14 in Fig. 1 may be arti~icially illuminated by any back, side, or front lights 13 which operate to augment, supplement or enhance the reflected ambient ligh~ 18. ~his arti~icial lighting 13 may be of several types including incande~cent, fluorescent, arc di.scharge (e.g.
sodium or mercury vapor), electrolumine~tcent, light-emitting diodes (LED), laser, vacuum ~luorescQnt etc. Tha arti~icial lighting may be placed in ~ront o~ or behind the instrument dlsplay 14. 'rhe intensity of the arti icial lighting may be salcctively controlled by a manually adjustable rheostat or potenticm~ter and/or automatically by a photosensor, which can detect the ambient lighting conditions and therea~ter increase or decrease the intensity of the artificial lighting 13 if the ambient lighting conditions warrant.
As be~t seen in Fig. 1 the instru~ent 14 is flxed on a dashboard 15 which may be control panel, instru~nt panel, or fram~work which holds or support5 the instru~ent display 14 and the artificial lights 13 in pr~d~termined po~itions relative to the windshield 10. This con~eivably may ~e the sa~e dashboard configuration which was originally designed ~or displaying the instrument indicators directly in ~he line of sight of the observer 11 or may ba supplemental thereto. Further the invention may display visual data indicia on the enhancing film or predetermin~d tint field to~ally independent of any instrument indicators which may appear in other locations on the dashboard.
A reflectlon including both a primary and a secondary, or ghost image from the instr~m~.~t indica~ors 14 which appear in the o~servers 11 line of ~ight 16A, as displayed on the innermost facing surface of the windscreen 10, and in the enhancing film or predeter~ined tint field 12 are displayed in such a position relativs to the line o~ sight 16A of the observer 11 such that the observer does not need to shift his vision appreciably when reading the instrument indicators 14 which are selected for the heads up display, while the operator simultaneously looks forward beyond the front of the vehicle to the environment surrounding the vehiclQ.
I'hus, and as best soen by referencs to Fig. 3, the area o~ thn enhancing ~ilm or predeterminsd tint field 12 may be much 3maller than the total area oP the windscreen lO provided it is disposed in such a posi~ion ~at it ~ove~s the area through which th~ operator normally views the environment which is immediately ahead of the vehicle when it is moving forwardly. The position of the predetermined tint field 12 ig sub~tantially in alignment with the operator 11 as he is positioned in the driver's seat.
Understandably, this would be reversed in those countries where ~_f~97~6 tha steering wh el is on the ri~ht hand side of the car. Further it should be understood that this predetermined tint field can also be duplicated on the right hand portion of the windscreen lo a~ in the ca~e o~ aixcraft where ~th the pilot and co-pilot can S take advantage of this invention. Further~ore, the entir~
windscr en can be pr~ided with the present invention so that the entire surface ~hereo~ is enhance~ t~her,aby pro~iding the benefits which were discussed earlier.
Although I have illustrat~d a human being 11 as the observer or operator of the vehicle which includes the presen~
invention, and who employs his own vision as the detector of the visual display produced by the invention, on the windscreen, it is to be understood that any re~otely controlled device for recording and~or transmitting visual information, such as a camera, video recorder, a tcle~ision camera, etc., not shown, can be remotely located in the position o~ the operator 11 as illustrated in Fig. 1. This may be particularly critical for the operation o~ devices such as drone aircraft or other overland vehicles which have no human operators but which are remotely controlled.
A,3 earlier discuased and as shown in Fig. 1, I have illustrated how ambient light 18 which originates Prom the environment outside the vehicle passes ~hrough the windscreen lO
and thnrea~ter dir~actly illuminates the instrument indicators 14 a~ well as the observer 11. This ambient lighting intensity determines the artiPicial light required to be ~upplied by the artificial lighting 13 to produce a readable primary rePlected image in the enhancing Pilm or predetermined tmt Pield 12.
Under brigh~ lighting condition~ it is possible that no artiPicial lighting may be necessary Por particular types oP
instru~ent clusters, particularly analog disp-ays which include a rePlective display Pace and a movable needle assembly, the instsument placed in a fashion wherein the ambient exterior light ~7~ 6 may be reflected off of the fac~ ~hereo~ and onto the predetermined tint ~ield.
All the foregoing provides t~e image of the various instr~ments or dials etc. 14 on -the enhancing film or predeter~ined kilt field 12 while yet per~itting clear and unobstructed view o~ the environment 19 directly in the line of sight 16A o~ the operator or viQw~r 11.
As be~t shown by re~erence to Fig. 2 I have illustrated the ~multipathing~ or ~ghost e~ect~ which the present invention is adapted to suhstantially eliminate and which can occur when an image or ray of light which is e~itted from the instrument 14 pas~es through a windscreen 10. Under thQse conditions, the primary or desired image 16 is re~lected ofr the surface nearest to the observer 11 and along the line of sight 16A (in this ca~e the int~rface betwe~n the air and the predetermined tint ~ield 12 which has be~n applied to the interior sur~ace of the win~screen 10 or made integral with this co~position). One of the ininite num~er o~ secondary reflection~ which can occur in such an optical arrangement is shown a~ numeral 16F and repre~ents the ~ghost~ which is most troubl2som2 because of its intensity and its virtual ~oparation ~rom the line of sight 16A. SUch ghosts tend to alutker or otherwise obscure the primary image such that the precise details o~ the im~ge may not bz discerned without di~iculty. Further, other secondary rc~lections or ghosts may be weak ~r so near to the line of sight 16A such as to be undetectabl~ or indiscernibla.
One o~ the principle ob~ect~ o~ the enhancing film or prede~erminea tln~ ~leld 12 is to improve the primary lmag~which i5 saen along the ~ine o~ sight 16A and to diminish or eliminate the secondary reflections or ghosts 16F to such a state where it is virtually undetectable and/or the ~ghost~ is eliminated with the result that only one primary image is perceived by the obsorver 11.
:, . 11 y~
9~6 To substantially eli~ina~e or ma~erially diminish the second~ry reflections or ~ghos~s~ 16F, the enhancing film or predeter~ined tint field 12 contains orange~red ~lockers~ so that when the orange/red light wav~s pa5s through the enhancing ~ilm or predeter~ined tint field a~ at l~B, they are substantially abs~rbed by ~he tint ~ield, and khere~ore any orange~red light wav~ pa~ing ther~b~ en as at 16C and reflected ~rom the out~r surf~c~ Or the windscreen 10 along ~e path 16D, are further ab30rbed when passing through the tint field at 16E, and thus substantially no nrange/red liyht waves are reflected to ~he eye of the ob~erver ll for~ing the ~ghost~
16F. I~ any lightwave5 do succeed in ~aking ~his transiti~n, they are virtually undetectable and, there~ore, no ~qhost~ i~ages are created.
In addltion to the ~oregoing, fQderal law mandat2s ~nat windscreons be desig~ed to trans~it at least 70% of the visible light spectrum. In order to comply with the provisions of law, the tint rield 12 is P.esigned to su~stantially and selectively attenuato or absorb only those wavzlengths o~ light re~lected or e~itted by thQ instrument 14. More particularly, it has bQen discovered that upon achiev~ng the selective trans~?ssion or reflection of ligh~ in the predetermined frequencies, the tint fleld can be adapted to a~tenuate ju8t thoae ~re~uencies such that thc aYerage visible gpectrum t~ansmission o~ the windshield 10 is not reduccd below the 70~ r~quircment as mandated by PQderal law. As discua5ed above, the appli~ant has selected orange~red bloc~ers Por the kint ~i~ld, which are adapted to abaorb a high pelc~ a~e oP light produced in the oran~e/red band whicb re~ides at 625-700 nanometers.
As should be understood, a two-Pold benefit is achieved by matchin~ the peak rzPlected or e~itted frequencie of light produced by the instrument 14 with a predeter~insd tint field 12.
The primary bene~it as discusg8d above i5 to reduce substantially ~7~
the lntensity of the secondaxy re~lecsed or ~ghost~ image. This affect is achieved by the invention because ligh~ passing through tha wind~cre2n 10 and which cau~es the ~yhostr pas~s through the predatermined tint ~ield on ~wo occasions. On each occasion the ~ghost~ is w~akened to such an extent tha~ it beco~es barely perceptible in relatiYe comparison to the pri~ary im~ge by ~he time that it e~erg~s in ~he op~rato~s 11 line o~ sight 16A.
Further and in addition to the foregoing, the secondary benefit o~ the tint field is to increase the primary image contrast relative to the ambient bac~ground light by reducing the amount of in-band light which is readily apparent in the background. In the pre~ent instance, colors in ~he red/orange band have oeen se~ected, how~ver this same concept can be applied to virtu~lly any color.
At Fig. 4 I have illustrate~ one form of a portable device 30 which demonstrates the principles of the present invention. The portable devices is approximately 24 inches long by 12 inches wide and 18 inches high and consists of a piece o~
laminated sarety glass 31 with an attached enhancing film 32.
This combination is supported by a box ~rame in a manner approximating the rake of an automobile windshield with a dashboa~d underneath. Also supported by the ~rame i~ a speedometer display face (not shown) and which casts the ~heads ups display~ image 36 along line 16, to be reflected from the film 32 along path 16A which represents the line of sight of the ob~erver. Internal lighting i~ ~upplied by twin quartz halog~n bulhs (also not shown). The power to augment the lighting i5 supplied when the on/of~ switch 3~ ~5 ~urned on. A rneostat 33 allow~ manual intensity control to suit the background lighting in contrast in the environment. The windscreen 31 and the film 31 may be removed ~rom the support 35 by unbolting the brackets and supports 37.
,, d ~
~7~6 In the present inventlon, one aspect which distinguishes the s~ructure fro~ the prior art disclosures (as for instance the disclosure shown in Tustison, U.S~ Patent No.
4,7~4,053) is that the enhancing film or pr~d~e~ined tint field 12 inolude~ specifio ~blockers~ or absorber of certain optical wavelengths or frequencies and, more specifically, an a~sorber of the orange~red light waves (625-700 nano~ters). If other colors are to ba blocked or absorbed, the wavel~ngths of the emitted or reflected lights 16 is substantially matched to the absorbing band of the enhancing ~ilm or predete~mined tint field 12. This enhancing rilm as earlier discussed may be placed, either on the inside surface (the operator side) o~ the windscreen lO, laminated betweQn two separate layers of the windscreen lo as in the nature of safety glass so that it is between the inner and outer sur~acQ3 of the windscreen, or made integral with the composition which makes up the windscreen. Although conceivably it could be positioned on the outside facing surface of the windscreen, this would not bo desirable because it would be abraded by sand, dirt, oil, snow, etc., which impinge3 again~t the outside o~ the windscreen as the vehicle moves ~orward. The most desirable place ~or the predetermined tint ~ield 12 is within the windscreen or alternatively to be mnde integral with the composition thereo~ because, when it i5 placed on ~he inner ~acing surface o~ the windscreen, khere i8 a likelihood that the enhancing ~ilm or predetermine~ tint ~ield may be abraded when the windscreen i9 CleanQd.
In accordance with the teachings noted above, I have shown at Fig. 5 a cro33-section o~ th~ windscreen wherej.- cne enhanclng ~ilm or predetermined tint field 12 is placed between the inner and outer sur~aces thereof. This illustrates how the reflected red/orange light waveg which ~orm the primary im~ge and which i9 ~een along the line of sight 16A is seen by the driver ll, but any llght which passes through the inner lamina 16-1 is _ 14 12~37~6 absor~ed at 16~ by the enhancins f~lm 12, and therefore, any continuing image (if any) whic~ pa~efi through the outrr lamina at 16C and re~lected by the surface thereof along the path 16D, is further and once again absorbed by the red~oran~e ~lockers~
5 of the enhancing fil~ or predeter~inP~ ~int field at 16E. Any light which passes through ~he inner lamina at 16F-1 toward the observer and which forms the ~ghost~ 16F is either so ~ini~al as to be in~apable of creating a nghost~ or is virtually undetectable.
The elimination of the ~ghosting image~ is particularly critical in the more recent model automobiles where a 28- rake of the windscre~n (i.e., the anqle between the slope of the windscrs~n and the line of vision of the driver) is fairly SQvere and tends to exaggerate or increage the ghosting image problem.
The positluning of thn enhancing film or predetermined tint field in the use o~ the orange/red ~lockers~ is also illustrated at Fig. 6 which is a graphic illustration which shows that 80~ or more of the orange/red frequencies are absorbed by the enhancing film or predetermined tint field on the initial pass through the tint field as well as the re~lected pa~s through the tint field 12.
Flg. 7 further illustrates the use of the enhancing Silm or predetermined tint ~iald in the windscreen 10, where the small patch 100 appears in the driver~ line of vision while the operator looks through the windscreen toward the road ahead. The slope of the hood 101 of the automobile mandates that the enhancing film be placed high enough in the windscreen so that the driver~S line o~ vi~ion p~s~e~ tnrough the enhancing film above the sur~ace o~ the hood, and beyond to the road ahead.
It can also be seen by reference to Fig. 7 that the enhancing film or predetermined tint field does not, of necessity, have to extend all the way to the upper edge 102 of the wind~creen, nor very far to either the right or left because ..
g7~32~
the opera~or 11 of the vehicl~ when ~rivlng at customary road speeds, looks straight ahead, and not to the right or left when interested in knowiny what vital in~ormation is projected by the present appara~us, on the enhancing ~llm or predeter~ined tint fieldO Howaver, tha enhancing ~ilm or predete~mined tint field area must be large enough to accom~od~te opera~ors of all sizQs, that is, tha line of ~ision o f a s~aller per~on sitting in the drivers seat (whlch di~ension deterMines the location of the lo~er edge of thQ enhancing film or predetermined tint field) as well as a tall person sitting in a d~iver~s ~eat, which dimen~ion dQtermines the location of the upper edge of the enhancing film or predetermined tint field.
It is furthermore to be understood that my present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or special atr.ributes thereof; and it is therefore, desira~le that the Fre~ent embodiments be considered in all respects as illustrative and, thereore, not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims rather than to the ~oregoing description to indicate the scope Or the invention.
,`~ 1~
Claims (23)
1. An instrument display apparatus comprising:
a transparent sheet:
a thin transparent enhancing film made integral with the transparent sheet and which is operable to attenuate preselected wavelengths of light which strike the enhancing film and which originate from all directions, the enhancing film providing unrestricted viewing through the transparent sheet in all directions; and an instrument to be displayed disposed in proximity to the enhancing film and which is adapted to produce light in the selected wavelengths which are attenuated by the enhancing film whereby the image of the instrument appears in the enhancing film, and wherein the enhancing film further attenuates the selected wavelengths of light which originate from locations other than the instrument whereby the contrast of the image appearing in the enhancing film is improved relative to the background ambient lighting conditions.
a transparent sheet:
a thin transparent enhancing film made integral with the transparent sheet and which is operable to attenuate preselected wavelengths of light which strike the enhancing film and which originate from all directions, the enhancing film providing unrestricted viewing through the transparent sheet in all directions; and an instrument to be displayed disposed in proximity to the enhancing film and which is adapted to produce light in the selected wavelengths which are attenuated by the enhancing film whereby the image of the instrument appears in the enhancing film, and wherein the enhancing film further attenuates the selected wavelengths of light which originate from locations other than the instrument whereby the contrast of the image appearing in the enhancing film is improved relative to the background ambient lighting conditions.
2. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 and wherein the transparent sheet is a windshield of a vehicle.
3. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 2 and wherein the instrument displayed is an instrument cluster in the vehicle and which is disposed in a selective position so that the characteristics of the instrument cluster will be reflected from the enhancing film toward an occupant of the vehicle.
4. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 2 and wherein the enhancing film is made integral with that surface of the windshield which is on the interior of the vehicle.
5. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 4 and wherein the enhancing film is a thin sheet which is secured on the windshield.
6. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 4 and wherein the enhancing film is a coating applied on the windshield.
7. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 4 and wherein the enhancing film is made integral with the material forming the windshield and wherein the enhancing film produces primary and secondary reflections of the instrument cluster and wherein the primary reflection is more powerful than any secondary reflection.
8. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 4 and wherein the instrument cluster includes an auxiliary lighting system.
9. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 8 and wherein the instrument cluster is mounted on a dashboard of the vehicle.
10. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 4 and wherein the enhancing film and the windshield are coextensive.
11. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 4 and wherein the enhancing film is smaller in area than the area of the windshield.
12. An instrument display apparatus comprising:
a substantially transparent panel having a predetermined tint field which attenuates preselected wavelengths of light, and which provides unrestricted viewing in all directions, the tint field attenuating the preselected wavelengths of light which strike the transparent panel from all directions; and an instrument to be displayed positioned adjacent to the transparent panel and which is adapted to produce light in the selected wavelengths, and wherein the instrument produces primary and secondary reflected images in the transparent panel, and wherein the primary reflected image is reflected by the transparent panel and wherein the secondary reflected image is attenuated by the tint field whereby the primary reflected image of the instrument appears within transparent panel.
a substantially transparent panel having a predetermined tint field which attenuates preselected wavelengths of light, and which provides unrestricted viewing in all directions, the tint field attenuating the preselected wavelengths of light which strike the transparent panel from all directions; and an instrument to be displayed positioned adjacent to the transparent panel and which is adapted to produce light in the selected wavelengths, and wherein the instrument produces primary and secondary reflected images in the transparent panel, and wherein the primary reflected image is reflected by the transparent panel and wherein the secondary reflected image is attenuated by the tint field whereby the primary reflected image of the instrument appears within transparent panel.
13. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 12 and wherein the transparent panel is a windscreen borne by an overland vehicle which includes a passenger compartment and an operator's position, and wherein the tint field is located substantially within the line of sight of an operator who is located in the operator's position such that the operator may see the primary reflected image of the instrument while viewing through the windscreen without substantially diverting his vision, and wherein the primary reflected image of the instrument can further be seen from all locations in the passenger compartment.
14. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 13 and wherein the instrument emits or reflects visible light substantially in a predetermined nanometer band, and wherein the tint field selectively attenuates the light which is emitted or reflected from the instrument in the predetermined nanometer band and which forms the secondary reflected image, and wherein the tint field further attenuates the light in the predetermined nanometer band which originates from locations other than the instrument whereby the contrast of the primary reflected image appearing in the windscreen and within the line of sight of the operator is enhanced relative to the background ambient lightning conditions.
15. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 12 and wherein the tint field includes a synthetic polymer sheet secured on the transparent panel.
16. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 12 and wherein the tint field includes a coating applied on the inside surface of the transparent panel.
17. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 12 and wherein the tint field is made integral with the material which composes the transparent panel.
18. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 12 and wherein the transparent panel is laminated safety glass and the tint field is made integral with a transparent sheet which is secured between the two inner facing surfaces of the laminated safety glass.
19. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 14 and wherein the instrument emits or reflects light in the 625-700 nanometer band.
20. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 19 and wherein the vehicle has a dashboard and wherein the instrument is surmounted on the dashboard and is illuminated by ambient natural light, and wherein a means for artificially illuminating the instrument is borne by the vehicle and is operable to provide illumination for the instrument whereby the primary reflected image of the instrument appears within the windscreen in the absence of predetermined levels of ambient natural light.
21. An instrument display apparatus for use by an operator who has a line of sight comprising:
a transparent panel;
a predetermined tint field made integral with the transparent panel and which provides the operator with unrestricted viewing in all directions and which is operable to attenuate preselected wavelengths of light which strike the predetermined tint field from all directions; and an instrument to be displayed disposed in a position adjacent to the transparent panel and which is operable to produce light in the predetermined wavelengths attenuated by the tint field, and wherein the instrument produces a primary and a secondary reflected image in the transparent panel, and wherein the primary reflected image is reflected by the transparent panel and is substantially unaffected by the tint field and is viewed by the operator along the line of sight, and wherein the secondary reflected image is attenuated by the tint field whereby it is substantially weakened or eliminated, and wherein the tint field is operable to attenuate the predetermined wavelengths of light which originate from locations other than the instrument whereby the contrast of the primary reflected image is improved relative to the background lighting conditions.
a transparent panel;
a predetermined tint field made integral with the transparent panel and which provides the operator with unrestricted viewing in all directions and which is operable to attenuate preselected wavelengths of light which strike the predetermined tint field from all directions; and an instrument to be displayed disposed in a position adjacent to the transparent panel and which is operable to produce light in the predetermined wavelengths attenuated by the tint field, and wherein the instrument produces a primary and a secondary reflected image in the transparent panel, and wherein the primary reflected image is reflected by the transparent panel and is substantially unaffected by the tint field and is viewed by the operator along the line of sight, and wherein the secondary reflected image is attenuated by the tint field whereby it is substantially weakened or eliminated, and wherein the tint field is operable to attenuate the predetermined wavelengths of light which originate from locations other than the instrument whereby the contrast of the primary reflected image is improved relative to the background lighting conditions.
22. An instrument display apparatus as claimed in Claim 21 and wherein the instrument includes artificial lighting means which is operable to cause the instrument to emit light in the predetermined wavelengths.
23. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 21 and wherein the instrument is operable to reflect ambient natural light in the predetermined wavelengths.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15612288A | 1988-02-16 | 1988-02-16 | |
| US156,122 | 1988-02-16 | ||
| US07/310,644 US5005009A (en) | 1988-02-16 | 1989-02-15 | Method and apparatus for multiple object viewing |
| US310,644 | 1989-02-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1297926C true CA1297926C (en) | 1992-03-24 |
Family
ID=26852887
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000591146A Expired - Fee Related CA1297926C (en) | 1988-02-16 | 1989-02-15 | Heads up display |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5005009A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1297926C (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5005009A (en) | 1991-04-02 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |