CA1303937C - Percutaneous blood pump with mixed flow output - Google Patents

Percutaneous blood pump with mixed flow output

Info

Publication number
CA1303937C
CA1303937C CA000583945A CA583945A CA1303937C CA 1303937 C CA1303937 C CA 1303937C CA 000583945 A CA000583945 A CA 000583945A CA 583945 A CA583945 A CA 583945A CA 1303937 C CA1303937 C CA 1303937C
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
housing
blood
journal
rotor
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
CA000583945A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard K. Wampler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnson and Johnson
Original Assignee
Nimbus Medical Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nimbus Medical Inc filed Critical Nimbus Medical Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1303937C publication Critical patent/CA1303937C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D1/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D1/04—Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20—Type thereof
    • A61M60/205—Non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/216—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller
    • A61M60/237—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller the blood flow through the rotating member having mainly axial components, e.g. axial flow pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/403—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/408—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable
    • A61M60/411—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable generated by an electromotor
    • A61M60/414—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable generated by an electromotor transmitted by a rotating cable, e.g. for blood pumps mounted on a catheter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/804—Impellers
    • A61M60/806—Vanes or blades
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/818—Bearings
    • A61M60/824—Hydrodynamic or fluid film bearings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/827—Sealings between moving parts
    • A61M60/829—Sealings between moving parts having a purge fluid supply
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/148—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S415/00—Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
    • Y10S415/90—Rotary blood pump

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The outside diameter of an intravascular axial flow blood pump is reduced without reducing the size of its journal bearings by causing the pumped blood stream to exit through apertures in the cylindrical outside wall of the pump housing between the rotor blades and the rotor journal. This allows the journal to have a diameter of the housing, without the need for a space-consuming blood flow path around the journal.

Description

3~

PERCUTANEOUS_~L~Q~ H ~IX~D-FLOW 0l1TPUT

Fie]A of the ;nY~n~i~n This invention relates to intravascular blood pumps, and particularly to a miniature axial flow pump with a mixed radial and axial outflow pattern.

Background of the invention U~ ~atent No.4,625,712 and copendinq Canadian aPPlication Serial No 583,946,filed Nov. 23,1988 and entitled SINGLE-STAGE AXIAL
FLOW BLOOD PUMP disclose intravascular axial flow blood pumps.
Inasmuch as such pumps must be percutaneously inserted and threaded through an artery into the vicinity of the heart, it is physiologically desirable to make them as small as possible; yet in order to maintain a given blood flow, the smaller the pump, the higher its rotational speed must be. This objective, however, is restricted by practical limitations on the miniaturization of the bearings, which must have a certain minimum diameter in order to function reliably. Consequently, it has not previously been possible to construct blood pumps of this type with an outside diameter sustantially smaller than 7 mm, which is physiologically acceptable but not ideal because it would be highly desirable to make the pump fit through conventional 14-french (4.7 mm) ID percutaneous introducers.

Summary of the invention The present invention makes it possible to construct an intravascular axial flow blood pump which has an outside diameter substantially smaller than prior art pumps, ~yet has bearings of the same size.
The invention accomplishes this by discharging the pumped blood not axially through the dGwnstream end of the pump's ~ .

~3(~3~ 7 cylindrical housing, but at an angle through elongated slots located near the center of the housing. This construction makes it possible to use the full inner diameter of the housing for tha rotor journals without having to leavs room for a blood path and stator blades around the journals.
In one aspect the invention provides an intravascular axial flow blood pump, comprising an elongated substantially tubular housing of substantially constant diameter having a blood intake at one end thereof and a rotor disposed in the housing adjacent the one end. The rotor includes a hub carrying rotor blades and having a diameter substantially smaller than the inside diameter of the housing; a journal positioned adjacent the other end of the housing and having a diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of the housing; and drive means associated with the journal for driving the rotor. The housing also has blood exit apertures therein disposed around the periphery thereof between the blades and the journa~.

_ ~

/,/
.~ ,. ,.
.: ' ...

~, ,, 13~J3~

Brief_descriDtion of the drawin~s Fig. 1 is an axial section of the blood pump of this invention; and Fig. 2 is a section along line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Des~ri~t;on of the preferred embodiment In Fig. 1, the blood pump of this invention is generally shown at 10. The pump 10 is contained within a cylindrical housing 12 and includes a rotor 14 and a stator 16. The housing 12 has a blood intake opening 17. The rotor 14 has a narrow, elongated hub 18. The hub 18 preferably carries a set of rotor blades 20. The hub 18 increases in diameter in the downstream direction substantially continuously throughout its entire length, so that the blood flow in the area of the rotor blades 20 is in a mixed axial ànd radial direction.
The radial component of the blood flow produced by rotor 1~ is enhanced by the curvature of the deflection surface 24 of stator 16, so that the blood is propelled outwardly of the housing 12 through openings 26 in the housing wall in the general direction of arrows 28.

2a ~tL '`

~. ~, :~3~?3~3~

This construction makes it possible to use the entire inner diameter of housing 12 to house the journals 30 o-E the rotor shaft 32. The journal bearings 34, 36, 38 and the thrust bearing 40 are preferably of the purged-seal hydrodynamic type.
Fluid for these bearings }s supplied from an outside source (not shown) through the outer lumen 42 of cable sheath 43 which contains the rotor drive cable 44. The details of the construction of cable sheath 43 are described in copending application Serial No. and are not material to this invention. The cross section, number and shape of the openings 26 should be such as to avoid as much as possible any impediment to the blood flow, and to avoid any hemolysis-producing or thrombogenic turbulence, while maintaining the structural integrity of the housing 12. Their specific optimum geometry depends in large measure on the design of the rotor blades 20 and on the curvature of the stator surface 24 in any particular application.
The rotor hub 18 is preferably firmly but removably attached to the rotor shaft 32 by any conventional means such as screwthreads to facilitate assembly and disassembly of the pump 10 while holding it firmly together during operation.
It will be seen that the present invention provides a miniature mixed flow blood pump which can be manufactured with a substantially smaller diameter than prior art pumps of the same type, yet can accommodate a sufficiently large rotor shaft journal to provide reliability in operation, by causing the blood stream to exit the pump housing upstream of the journal bearings.

8087.016P

Claims (6)

1. An intravascular axial flow blood pump, comprising:
(a) an elongated substantially tubular housing of substantially constant diameter having a blood intake at one end thereof;
(b) a rotor disposed in said housing adjacent said one end, said rotor including (i) a hub carrying rotor blades and having a diameter substantially smaller than the inside diameter of said housing:
(ii) a journal positioned adjacent the other end of said housing and having a diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of said housing; and (iii) drive means associated with said journal for driving said rotor; and (c) said housing having blood exit apertures therein disposed around the periphery thereof between said blades and said journal.
2. The blood pump of claim 1, in which the diameter of said hub increases from the intake end of said hub toward said exit apertures, whereby a partially radial flow is imparted to said blood to direct it toward said apertures.
3. An intravascular axial flow blood pump, comprising;
(a) a generally cylindrical housing having a blood intake at one end thereof;
(b) a rotor disposed in said housing adjacent said one end, said rotor including (i) a hub carrying rotor blades and having a diameter substantially smaller than the inside diameter of said housing;
(ii) a journal positioned adjacent the other end of said housing and having a diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of said housing; and (iii) drive means associated with said journal for driving said rotor;
(c) said housing having blood exit apertures therein between said blades and said journal;
(d) said drive means including a drive cable contained within a cable sheath.
4. The blood pump of claim 1, in which said journal is supported for rotation in hydrostatic purge-sealed bearings, the purge fluid for said bearings being discharged into said blood.
5. The blood pump of claim 4, in which said drive means include a drive cable contained within a cable sheath, and said purge fluid is supplied to said pump through said cable sheath.
6. The blood pump of claim 4, in which said purge fluid is discharged in the vicinity of said apertures.
CA000583945A 1987-11-24 1988-11-23 Percutaneous blood pump with mixed flow output Expired - Lifetime CA1303937C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US124,560 1987-11-24
US07/124,560 US4817586A (en) 1987-11-24 1987-11-24 Percutaneous bloom pump with mixed-flow output

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1303937C true CA1303937C (en) 1992-06-23

Family

ID=22415584

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000583945A Expired - Lifetime CA1303937C (en) 1987-11-24 1988-11-23 Percutaneous blood pump with mixed flow output

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4817586A (en)
EP (1) EP0397668B1 (en)
AU (1) AU611972B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1303937C (en)
DE (1) DE3888209T2 (en)
WO (1) WO1989004645A1 (en)

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US4817586A (en) 1989-04-04
EP0397668A1 (en) 1990-11-22
EP0397668B1 (en) 1994-03-02
AU611972B2 (en) 1991-06-27
AU2610888A (en) 1989-06-14
DE3888209T2 (en) 1994-06-01
WO1989004645A1 (en) 1989-06-01
DE3888209D1 (en) 1994-04-07
EP0397668A4 (en) 1990-12-05

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