CA1308891C - Yarn containing polyester fibers and method of preparation - Google Patents
Yarn containing polyester fibers and method of preparationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1308891C CA1308891C CA000613566A CA613566A CA1308891C CA 1308891 C CA1308891 C CA 1308891C CA 000613566 A CA000613566 A CA 000613566A CA 613566 A CA613566 A CA 613566A CA 1308891 C CA1308891 C CA 1308891C
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- yarn
- range
- polyester
- grams
- feeder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
- D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
- D02J1/229—Relaxing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
YARN CONTAINING POLYESTER FIBERS AND
METHOD OF PREPARATION
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A yarn comprising polyester fibers having an improved balance of properties (tenacity and boiling water shrinkage) is produced within predetermined limits. The polyester yarn is prepared by cold drawing a partially oriented feeder yarn, partially annealing the drawn yarn, and subsequently annealing the partially annealed cold drawn yarn at controlled tensions.
METHOD OF PREPARATION
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A yarn comprising polyester fibers having an improved balance of properties (tenacity and boiling water shrinkage) is produced within predetermined limits. The polyester yarn is prepared by cold drawing a partially oriented feeder yarn, partially annealing the drawn yarn, and subsequently annealing the partially annealed cold drawn yarn at controlled tensions.
Description
1 30~89 1 YARN CONTAINING POLYESTER FIBERS AND
METHOD OF PREPARATION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to yarn containing polyester fibers having an improved balance of properties including tenacity and boiling water shrinkage, which find particular : application in textile uses.
Polyester fibers have been prepared ~or commercial use for more than thirty years, and are produced in large quantities.
Most commercial polyester compri~es linear terephthalate polyesters.
Tha term "~iber" a~ used herein includes fibers of extreme or indefinite le~gth (i.e., filaments~ and fibPrs of short length (i.e., ~taple). The term "yarn", as used herein, means a continuous strand of ibers.
Because fibers produced from polyester have a number of outstanding characteristics in~luding excellent dimensional stability and sturdiness, a high degree of crease resist.ance, ~20 good bulk elasticityt and warm handle, the fibers have ~ound a wide variety of applications, especially in the textile field.
Many textile applications require yarns ~ontaining polyester fibers ha~ing predetermined limits with respect to tenacity and boiling water shrinkage. Some procedures utilized to produce polyester fib~rs result in ~iber~ having an acceptable (low) boiling water shrinkage, but a t~nacity which is too low.
Conversely, other procedures utilized to produce polyester fibers result in fibers having an acceptable tenacity, but an unacceptable boiling water shrinkage. Even within the acceptable tenacity and boiling water shrinkage limitations, certain variations in boiling water shrinkage and tenacity of the fibers are required for certain textile applications. Still further, some processing applications reyuire that the fibers have sufficient elongation so that they can be further processed.
For in~tance, it is sometimes de~irable to produce fibers which have a lower tenacity which, during further processing, can be broken in order to provide a yarn containing polyester fibers having a "gocd feel". Furthermore, in many textile applications where high tenacity fibers are not of critical importance, a low b~iling water shrinXage i~ sometimes desired.
Thus, a need exists for a process which facilitates the uniform preparation of a yarn comprising polyester fibers within predetermined limits of fiber properties in~luding tenacity and boiling water shrin~age.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENT ON
It has been surprisingly discovered that a polyester yarn comprising fibers having predetermined limits ~ith respect to tenacity and boiling water shrinkage can be prepared from a partially oriented polyester feeder yarn having a birefringence ~25 (hn) of at least 0.0175 by drawing the feeder yarn at ambient temperature (20 -25') and controlled draw rat~os, pertlally :
, - .
.
1 3088ql annealing the drawn yarn at controlled temperatures, and subsequently further annealing the partially annealed yarn at controlled temperatures and tensions, i.e., from about 0.01 to about 50 grams. The yarn produced by the present invsntion has a higher t~nacity when the partially annealed yarn is annealed at higher tensions and a low b~iling water shrinkage when th~
partially annealed yarn is annealed at lower tensions. The process finds particular application in producing yar~s containing polyester fibers having a boiling water shrinkage in the range of from about 2 to about 10 percent and a tenacity in the range of from about 4.5 to about 7.0 g/denier.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure l-is a partial schematic of the apparatus and process suitable for preparing the feeder yarn of the invention.
Figure 2 is a partial schematic o~ an apparatus and procPss particularIy suitable for the preparation o~ the polyester yarn having predetermined limits with respect to tenacity and boiling wat~r shrinkage.
DETAILED DESCRI~rION OF T~E PREF~ERR~D EMBODIM~NTS
The pre~erred polyesters include linear terephthalate polyesters ~PET), i.e., polyesters of a glycol containing ~rom 2 to 20 carbon atoms and a dicarboxylic acid component comprising at least about 75% terephthalic acid. The re~aind2r, if any, of the dicarboxylic acid compon2nt ~ay be any suitable dicarboxylic ~2~ acid such as sebacic: acid, adipic acid, isophthalic acid, .
sulfonyl-4,4-~ibenzoic acid, or 2,8-dibenzofurandicarboxylic acid. Examples of linear terephthalate polyesters which may be employed include poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene terephthalate/S-chloroisophtha-late)(85~15), poly(ethylene terephthalate/5-[sodium sulfo]
isophthalate)(97/3), poly(cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylene terephthalate~hexahydroterephthalate)(75/25).
The preferred polyester is poly(ethylene terephthalate), which includes a line.ar polyester in which at least about 85% of the recurring structural units are ethylene terephthalate units of the following formula:
--OCN2C~z-O-C ~ ~--C
~ore pre~erably, the polyester is a linear polyester containing at least ninety percent (90~) recurring structural units of ethylene terephthalate. In a particularly preferred embodiment ~f the process~ the polyest~r is substantially all poly(ethylene terephthalate). Up to lO mol percent (10%) of ;20 other copoly~erizable ester units other than poly(ethylenP
terephthalate) can al80 be present.
The polyester yarn having predetenmined limits with respect to boiling water shrinkage and tenacity is produced by the following pr~cedure:
(a) draw a feeder yarn having a birefrin gence (~n3 o~ at least 0.0175 at ambient : .
-` t 308~9 1 te~perature, i.e., in the range of ~rom about 20 to about 25C, and a draw ratio in the range of from 1.75 to about 2.60;
(b) partially anneal the. drawn feeder yarn of step (a) at a temperature in the range of from about 70 to about 110C; and, ; (c) anneal the partially annealed feeder yarn o~ step (b) at a temperature in the range of from a~out llO- to about 160C, and at a tension in the range of from about 0.001 to about 50 grams.
Preferably, the drawing o~ the ~eeder yarn of step (a) is carried out at a draw ratio in the range of ~rom 2.00 to about 2.50.
The drawn f~eder yarn of step (b) is preferably partially annealed at a temperature in tha ran~e of from about 90 to about llOr.
With respect to the annealing of the partially anneal~d yarn, when the annealing is carried out under high tension, about 20 to about 50 gra~s, the re~ulting yarn exhibits higher t~nacity, e.g., 6.~ g/denier, and a higher boiling water :~ shrinkage, e~g., 5 to 10%. When the annealing is carried out at low tensian, 0.001 to about lO grams, the yarn exhibits lowPr tenacity, e.g., 4.5 grams/denier, and lower boi}ing water z5 shrinkage, e.g., 2~.
~ o prepare a poly~ster yarn having higher ~enacity~ the process is preferab:Ly carried out using the following steps:
.
:
: .
. :
. ' ' . ' '.
1 308~ql (a) draw a feed~r yarn having a birefrin-gence (~n) of at least ~.017S at ambient temperature, i.e., in the range of ~ro~
about 20 to about 25C, and at a draw ratio in the range o~ from 2.20 tu about 2.55:
(b) partially anneal the drawn ~eeder yarn of step (a) at a temperature in the range of from about 90~ to about 110DC; and, (c) further anneal the partially annealed feeder yarn o~ step (b) at a temperature in the range o~ ~rom about 130- to about ~60C, and at a tension in the range of fro~ about 20 to abou~ 50 gram per denier.
The polyester yarns produced by this procedure will : 15 generally ha~e a tenacity in the range of fro~ about 6~0 to about 7.5 grams per denier, a boiling water ~hrinkage in the xange o~
from about ~% to about 10~, and an elongation in the range of from about 12 to about 15%, To prepare a polyester yarn having a lower boiling water shrinkage, the process is pref~rably carried out using the following steps:
(a~ draw a fPeder yarn ~aving a birefrin-gence (~n) of at least 0.0175 at ambient temperatur~, i.e., in ~he rangs of from about 207 to abcut 2~'C, and a draw ratio in the range of from 1.9~ to about 2.05;
' ::, .
1 30~89 1 (b) partially anneal the drawn feeder yarn of step (a) at a temperature in the range of from about 80 to about lOO~C; and, (c) anneal the partially annealed ~eeder yarn of step (b) at a temE~erature in the range of from about 140 to about 160~C, and at a tension in the ranye of from about 0.001 to about 5 grams per denier.
The polyester yarn produced by this procedure will generally have a boiling water shrinkage in the range of ~rom about 2% to 3%, a tenacity in the range of from about 4~5 ~o about 5.5 grams per denier, and an elongation in the range o~
from about 25% to about 35~.
Any suitable proc~dure can b~ utilized to prepare the partially oriented feeder yarn. A pre~erred procedure comprises the following steps:
ta) extrude molten poly(ethylene terephthalate having an intrin~ic viscosity in the range ~;~ of from about 0.40 to about 0~8, and pref~r-ably about 0.60 to about 0.70, through a spinneret to ~orm one or more ~ibers:
(b) quench said fibers, preferably to a temperature not exceeding 40C higher than the glass transition o~ the poly(e~hylene t~rephthalate);
(c) optionally, apply to said fibers o~ ~tep (b) by lubricating ~inish in an amount .
: - ' ' ' .: ' ' . . . ' .
.
' ~ ~ ~ ' ' . , .
--- 1 30~91 in the range o~ 0.1 to about 1.0 weight percent based on the weight of the yarn;
and, (d) take up said quenched fibers of step (b) or (c) at a take-up speed sllfficient to partially orient the fibers in an amount su~ficient to achieve a bire-fringence (~n) in saici ~ibers of at least 0.0175, and preferably from about 0.020 to about 0.037, which generally is a speed in the range of from about 2,200 meters/
minute to about 3,000 meters/minute and, more pre~erablv, 2,700 meters/minut~ to 2,800 meters/minute.
Various characteristics and measurements are utilized throughout the application. Thes~ characteristics and measurements are grouped here for convenience, although most are standard.
The term 'iboiling water shrinkage" is de~ined as "percent decrease in length of material when exposed to ~levated temperatures for a period of time and under 0.05 g.p.d. tension".
In the present invention, the percent thermal shrinkage is measur~d in a boiling water bath of lOO~C for a period of 30 minutes. The shrinkage o~ the fiber is determined in accordance with the following formula:
Shrin~age ~ L1 - ~ x 100 .
. : . ::
' ~
.
1 3088~ 1 wherein L1 is original length of fiber: and is length of fiber after treatment.
~ithin the speci~ication and claims, the inkrinsic viscosity of the polyester melt is given as a measure for the mean molecular weight, which i5 determined by standard procedures wherein the concentration of ~he measuring solution amounts to 0.5 g./100 ml., the solvent is a 60 percent by weight phenol/40 percent by weight tetrachloroethan2 mixture, and the measuring temperature is 25C.
The tenacity or breaking strength in grams per denier (UTS) is defin~d by ASTM Standards, Part 24, American Society for Te~ting and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA, page 33 ~1965) as "the maximum r~sultant i~ternal force that resists rupture in a tension test", or "breaking load or ~orce, expressed in units of weigh~ required to break or rupture a specimen in a tensile test made according to specified standard procedure".
~longation is the elon~ation at the time of bre k.
~1r fringence (~n) is obtain~d in the ~ollowing ma~ner:
~20 Sodium D rays (wavelength 589 millimicrons~ are used as a light sour~e, and the ~ila~ents are disposed in a diagonal position. The birefringence (an) of the specimen is computed from the following eguatio~:
n = L~ r _ 9 _ :
, .
-` 1 308~ 1 when n is the interfere~ce ~ringe due to the degree of orientation of the polymer molecular chain: r i~ the retardation obtained by measuring the ~rientation not developing into the interference fringe by means o~ a Berek's compensator~ the diameter of the filament; and ~ is the wavelength of the sodium D
rays.
Re~erring to Figure 1, a Dethod of preparing a partially oriented feeder yarn having a birefringence (Qn) of at least 0.0175 is illustrated. The me!thod comprises first supplying a chip hopper 1 with chips comprising polyester 2. The hopper 1 in turn supplies an extruder 3 with the chips 2. An additive pump 4 is also illustrated whereby various liquid additives such as pigments or heat stabilizers can be added, if desired, to the chip stream which is entering the extruder 3O
Once the chips exit the extruder as a molten stream 5, the stream is pumped through a conduit 6 which contains a plurality o~
static mixers 7. once through the static ~ixers 7, the mix stream enters the spinneret 8 and is extruded into a plurality of molten streams ~ which are solidified in a quench hamber 10.
The quench chamber is generally an elongated chimney of conventional length, pre~erably 60 to 8~ inches, which has a gaseous atmosphere below the glass transition temperature of the molten polyester. The solidified ~ibers 11 next pass over an applicator 12 whereby the fibers are lubricated. Lubricants suitable for such use are known to those skilled in the art and include mineral oil, butyl stearate, alko~ylated alcohols, and phosphates or cationic antistatic compositions. The fibers next - . -~ ' `
~........... ` ' ' ' ~
1 30~9 1 travel around a first (upstream) powered godet 13 and then arounda second (downstream~ godet 14, ~ollowing which the yarn 11 is interlaced by an interlacer 15. Lastly, the ~ilaments are wound onto a bobbin 16. The filaments at this point ~re generally referred to as feeder yarn.
The speed at which the spun fibers are wound must be in the range of from about 2,000 to about 3,000 meters per minute and, pre~erably, about 2,750 meters per minute.
Referring to Figure 2, the feeder yarn is fed continuously from package 17 by feed roll 18 by means ~ guides 19 and 20. The yarn i5 taken up and drawn at a point between a first godet 21 and feed roll 18 by means of ~irst godet 21, which is heated. The yarn is drawn at a draw ratio in the range of ~rom about 1 75 to about 2.60, more preferably from about 2.00 to about 2.55, and at ambient temperatures, i.e., 20 to 25C.
Next, the yarn is heatad (partially annealed) by means of heated godet 21 at a temperature in the range of fro~ a~out 70 to about llO~C and, more preferably, 90 to about 110C. The partially annealed yarn is then pretensioned between godet 21 and godet 23 and heated by means of heater 22 to a temperature in the range of from about 110~ to about 160C. The amount of tension is carefully controlled in order to produce polyester fibers with predetermined boiling water shrinkage and tenacity. A preferred means of imparting tension on yarn during annealing i~ by overfeeding godet 21 in an amount of from about O to about 12 based on the spePd o~ ~odet 23~
1 30~389 1 At this point, the yarn is ready to be wound on a pirn (not shown).
The filament yarn produced in accordance with the invention usually has a denier per :Eilament o~ 1 to 20. Total denier of the yarns produced in accordance with the in~ention generally range from about 40 to about 2G0 denier and, preferably, from about 70 to about 150 denier.
The invention is further 6!xemplified by the examples . below, which are presented to illustrate certain specific embodiments of the invention, but are not intended to be construed so as to be restrictive o~ the scope and spirit thereof.
E~MPLE I
A feeder yarn was prepared whirh comprised polyethylene terephthalate having a birefringence of 0.034, contain~d 48 filaments, a~d had a total deni~r o~ 149. The yarn was processed : under controll~d conditions. The conditions and resulting yarn properties are reported below in Table I~
TABLE_I
~20 Heated Hot Boiling Godst Plate Elon- Water Draw Temp. Temp. T~nsion Tenacity gation Shrinkage Sample Ratio ~ Çl__ fC ~ (qrams~ den. l f%) t%) .
A 2.25 84 120 57.5 6.04 14.9 7.7 B 2.25 84 120 10.0 5.61 18.5 5.3 .. . . .
.
. .
" ': ' , .
1 3ns~sl The results reported in Table I demonstrate the effectivenes~ of the method of the present invention in producing polyester filaments wit~in predetermined limits of yarn properties including boiling water shrinkage and tenacity.
Sample A shows the production of high~r tenacity yarns utilizing cold drawing/partial annealing of the feeder yarn and subsequent annealing of the feeder yarn at higher tensionsO Sample B shows the preparation o~ a polyester yarn having a lower tenacity and low boiling water shrinkage yarn by reducing ~he tension during the annealing of the cold dxawn/partially annealed feeder yarn.
EXAMPIJE I I
Feeder yarns comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) were prepared and processed under controlled conditions. The feeder yarn characteristics, processing conditions, and resulting yarn properties are reported below in Table II.
.
.
~ 3088 9 1 C
,, ~ X ~
. 3 ~dp Ct~ t`
O O ~
o ~ ~
~ ~ :n E~
$ ~ ' H C E~ ~ o O
~ ,~
~ $
METHOD OF PREPARATION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to yarn containing polyester fibers having an improved balance of properties including tenacity and boiling water shrinkage, which find particular : application in textile uses.
Polyester fibers have been prepared ~or commercial use for more than thirty years, and are produced in large quantities.
Most commercial polyester compri~es linear terephthalate polyesters.
Tha term "~iber" a~ used herein includes fibers of extreme or indefinite le~gth (i.e., filaments~ and fibPrs of short length (i.e., ~taple). The term "yarn", as used herein, means a continuous strand of ibers.
Because fibers produced from polyester have a number of outstanding characteristics in~luding excellent dimensional stability and sturdiness, a high degree of crease resist.ance, ~20 good bulk elasticityt and warm handle, the fibers have ~ound a wide variety of applications, especially in the textile field.
Many textile applications require yarns ~ontaining polyester fibers ha~ing predetermined limits with respect to tenacity and boiling water shrinkage. Some procedures utilized to produce polyester fib~rs result in ~iber~ having an acceptable (low) boiling water shrinkage, but a t~nacity which is too low.
Conversely, other procedures utilized to produce polyester fibers result in fibers having an acceptable tenacity, but an unacceptable boiling water shrinkage. Even within the acceptable tenacity and boiling water shrinkage limitations, certain variations in boiling water shrinkage and tenacity of the fibers are required for certain textile applications. Still further, some processing applications reyuire that the fibers have sufficient elongation so that they can be further processed.
For in~tance, it is sometimes de~irable to produce fibers which have a lower tenacity which, during further processing, can be broken in order to provide a yarn containing polyester fibers having a "gocd feel". Furthermore, in many textile applications where high tenacity fibers are not of critical importance, a low b~iling water shrinXage i~ sometimes desired.
Thus, a need exists for a process which facilitates the uniform preparation of a yarn comprising polyester fibers within predetermined limits of fiber properties in~luding tenacity and boiling water shrin~age.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENT ON
It has been surprisingly discovered that a polyester yarn comprising fibers having predetermined limits ~ith respect to tenacity and boiling water shrinkage can be prepared from a partially oriented polyester feeder yarn having a birefringence ~25 (hn) of at least 0.0175 by drawing the feeder yarn at ambient temperature (20 -25') and controlled draw rat~os, pertlally :
, - .
.
1 3088ql annealing the drawn yarn at controlled temperatures, and subsequently further annealing the partially annealed yarn at controlled temperatures and tensions, i.e., from about 0.01 to about 50 grams. The yarn produced by the present invsntion has a higher t~nacity when the partially annealed yarn is annealed at higher tensions and a low b~iling water shrinkage when th~
partially annealed yarn is annealed at lower tensions. The process finds particular application in producing yar~s containing polyester fibers having a boiling water shrinkage in the range of from about 2 to about 10 percent and a tenacity in the range of from about 4.5 to about 7.0 g/denier.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure l-is a partial schematic of the apparatus and process suitable for preparing the feeder yarn of the invention.
Figure 2 is a partial schematic o~ an apparatus and procPss particularIy suitable for the preparation o~ the polyester yarn having predetermined limits with respect to tenacity and boiling wat~r shrinkage.
DETAILED DESCRI~rION OF T~E PREF~ERR~D EMBODIM~NTS
The pre~erred polyesters include linear terephthalate polyesters ~PET), i.e., polyesters of a glycol containing ~rom 2 to 20 carbon atoms and a dicarboxylic acid component comprising at least about 75% terephthalic acid. The re~aind2r, if any, of the dicarboxylic acid compon2nt ~ay be any suitable dicarboxylic ~2~ acid such as sebacic: acid, adipic acid, isophthalic acid, .
sulfonyl-4,4-~ibenzoic acid, or 2,8-dibenzofurandicarboxylic acid. Examples of linear terephthalate polyesters which may be employed include poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene terephthalate/S-chloroisophtha-late)(85~15), poly(ethylene terephthalate/5-[sodium sulfo]
isophthalate)(97/3), poly(cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylene terephthalate~hexahydroterephthalate)(75/25).
The preferred polyester is poly(ethylene terephthalate), which includes a line.ar polyester in which at least about 85% of the recurring structural units are ethylene terephthalate units of the following formula:
--OCN2C~z-O-C ~ ~--C
~ore pre~erably, the polyester is a linear polyester containing at least ninety percent (90~) recurring structural units of ethylene terephthalate. In a particularly preferred embodiment ~f the process~ the polyest~r is substantially all poly(ethylene terephthalate). Up to lO mol percent (10%) of ;20 other copoly~erizable ester units other than poly(ethylenP
terephthalate) can al80 be present.
The polyester yarn having predetenmined limits with respect to boiling water shrinkage and tenacity is produced by the following pr~cedure:
(a) draw a feeder yarn having a birefrin gence (~n3 o~ at least 0.0175 at ambient : .
-` t 308~9 1 te~perature, i.e., in the range of ~rom about 20 to about 25C, and a draw ratio in the range of from 1.75 to about 2.60;
(b) partially anneal the. drawn feeder yarn of step (a) at a temperature in the range of from about 70 to about 110C; and, ; (c) anneal the partially annealed feeder yarn o~ step (b) at a temperature in the range of from a~out llO- to about 160C, and at a tension in the range of from about 0.001 to about 50 grams.
Preferably, the drawing o~ the ~eeder yarn of step (a) is carried out at a draw ratio in the range of ~rom 2.00 to about 2.50.
The drawn f~eder yarn of step (b) is preferably partially annealed at a temperature in tha ran~e of from about 90 to about llOr.
With respect to the annealing of the partially anneal~d yarn, when the annealing is carried out under high tension, about 20 to about 50 gra~s, the re~ulting yarn exhibits higher t~nacity, e.g., 6.~ g/denier, and a higher boiling water :~ shrinkage, e~g., 5 to 10%. When the annealing is carried out at low tensian, 0.001 to about lO grams, the yarn exhibits lowPr tenacity, e.g., 4.5 grams/denier, and lower boi}ing water z5 shrinkage, e.g., 2~.
~ o prepare a poly~ster yarn having higher ~enacity~ the process is preferab:Ly carried out using the following steps:
.
:
: .
. :
. ' ' . ' '.
1 308~ql (a) draw a feed~r yarn having a birefrin-gence (~n) of at least ~.017S at ambient temperature, i.e., in the range of ~ro~
about 20 to about 25C, and at a draw ratio in the range o~ from 2.20 tu about 2.55:
(b) partially anneal the drawn ~eeder yarn of step (a) at a temperature in the range of from about 90~ to about 110DC; and, (c) further anneal the partially annealed feeder yarn o~ step (b) at a temperature in the range o~ ~rom about 130- to about ~60C, and at a tension in the range of fro~ about 20 to abou~ 50 gram per denier.
The polyester yarns produced by this procedure will : 15 generally ha~e a tenacity in the range of fro~ about 6~0 to about 7.5 grams per denier, a boiling water ~hrinkage in the xange o~
from about ~% to about 10~, and an elongation in the range of from about 12 to about 15%, To prepare a polyester yarn having a lower boiling water shrinkage, the process is pref~rably carried out using the following steps:
(a~ draw a fPeder yarn ~aving a birefrin-gence (~n) of at least 0.0175 at ambient temperatur~, i.e., in ~he rangs of from about 207 to abcut 2~'C, and a draw ratio in the range of from 1.9~ to about 2.05;
' ::, .
1 30~89 1 (b) partially anneal the drawn feeder yarn of step (a) at a temperature in the range of from about 80 to about lOO~C; and, (c) anneal the partially annealed ~eeder yarn of step (b) at a temE~erature in the range of from about 140 to about 160~C, and at a tension in the ranye of from about 0.001 to about 5 grams per denier.
The polyester yarn produced by this procedure will generally have a boiling water shrinkage in the range of ~rom about 2% to 3%, a tenacity in the range of from about 4~5 ~o about 5.5 grams per denier, and an elongation in the range o~
from about 25% to about 35~.
Any suitable proc~dure can b~ utilized to prepare the partially oriented feeder yarn. A pre~erred procedure comprises the following steps:
ta) extrude molten poly(ethylene terephthalate having an intrin~ic viscosity in the range ~;~ of from about 0.40 to about 0~8, and pref~r-ably about 0.60 to about 0.70, through a spinneret to ~orm one or more ~ibers:
(b) quench said fibers, preferably to a temperature not exceeding 40C higher than the glass transition o~ the poly(e~hylene t~rephthalate);
(c) optionally, apply to said fibers o~ ~tep (b) by lubricating ~inish in an amount .
: - ' ' ' .: ' ' . . . ' .
.
' ~ ~ ~ ' ' . , .
--- 1 30~91 in the range o~ 0.1 to about 1.0 weight percent based on the weight of the yarn;
and, (d) take up said quenched fibers of step (b) or (c) at a take-up speed sllfficient to partially orient the fibers in an amount su~ficient to achieve a bire-fringence (~n) in saici ~ibers of at least 0.0175, and preferably from about 0.020 to about 0.037, which generally is a speed in the range of from about 2,200 meters/
minute to about 3,000 meters/minute and, more pre~erablv, 2,700 meters/minut~ to 2,800 meters/minute.
Various characteristics and measurements are utilized throughout the application. Thes~ characteristics and measurements are grouped here for convenience, although most are standard.
The term 'iboiling water shrinkage" is de~ined as "percent decrease in length of material when exposed to ~levated temperatures for a period of time and under 0.05 g.p.d. tension".
In the present invention, the percent thermal shrinkage is measur~d in a boiling water bath of lOO~C for a period of 30 minutes. The shrinkage o~ the fiber is determined in accordance with the following formula:
Shrin~age ~ L1 - ~ x 100 .
. : . ::
' ~
.
1 3088~ 1 wherein L1 is original length of fiber: and is length of fiber after treatment.
~ithin the speci~ication and claims, the inkrinsic viscosity of the polyester melt is given as a measure for the mean molecular weight, which i5 determined by standard procedures wherein the concentration of ~he measuring solution amounts to 0.5 g./100 ml., the solvent is a 60 percent by weight phenol/40 percent by weight tetrachloroethan2 mixture, and the measuring temperature is 25C.
The tenacity or breaking strength in grams per denier (UTS) is defin~d by ASTM Standards, Part 24, American Society for Te~ting and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA, page 33 ~1965) as "the maximum r~sultant i~ternal force that resists rupture in a tension test", or "breaking load or ~orce, expressed in units of weigh~ required to break or rupture a specimen in a tensile test made according to specified standard procedure".
~longation is the elon~ation at the time of bre k.
~1r fringence (~n) is obtain~d in the ~ollowing ma~ner:
~20 Sodium D rays (wavelength 589 millimicrons~ are used as a light sour~e, and the ~ila~ents are disposed in a diagonal position. The birefringence (an) of the specimen is computed from the following eguatio~:
n = L~ r _ 9 _ :
, .
-` 1 308~ 1 when n is the interfere~ce ~ringe due to the degree of orientation of the polymer molecular chain: r i~ the retardation obtained by measuring the ~rientation not developing into the interference fringe by means o~ a Berek's compensator~ the diameter of the filament; and ~ is the wavelength of the sodium D
rays.
Re~erring to Figure 1, a Dethod of preparing a partially oriented feeder yarn having a birefringence (Qn) of at least 0.0175 is illustrated. The me!thod comprises first supplying a chip hopper 1 with chips comprising polyester 2. The hopper 1 in turn supplies an extruder 3 with the chips 2. An additive pump 4 is also illustrated whereby various liquid additives such as pigments or heat stabilizers can be added, if desired, to the chip stream which is entering the extruder 3O
Once the chips exit the extruder as a molten stream 5, the stream is pumped through a conduit 6 which contains a plurality o~
static mixers 7. once through the static ~ixers 7, the mix stream enters the spinneret 8 and is extruded into a plurality of molten streams ~ which are solidified in a quench hamber 10.
The quench chamber is generally an elongated chimney of conventional length, pre~erably 60 to 8~ inches, which has a gaseous atmosphere below the glass transition temperature of the molten polyester. The solidified ~ibers 11 next pass over an applicator 12 whereby the fibers are lubricated. Lubricants suitable for such use are known to those skilled in the art and include mineral oil, butyl stearate, alko~ylated alcohols, and phosphates or cationic antistatic compositions. The fibers next - . -~ ' `
~........... ` ' ' ' ~
1 30~9 1 travel around a first (upstream) powered godet 13 and then arounda second (downstream~ godet 14, ~ollowing which the yarn 11 is interlaced by an interlacer 15. Lastly, the ~ilaments are wound onto a bobbin 16. The filaments at this point ~re generally referred to as feeder yarn.
The speed at which the spun fibers are wound must be in the range of from about 2,000 to about 3,000 meters per minute and, pre~erably, about 2,750 meters per minute.
Referring to Figure 2, the feeder yarn is fed continuously from package 17 by feed roll 18 by means ~ guides 19 and 20. The yarn i5 taken up and drawn at a point between a first godet 21 and feed roll 18 by means of ~irst godet 21, which is heated. The yarn is drawn at a draw ratio in the range of ~rom about 1 75 to about 2.60, more preferably from about 2.00 to about 2.55, and at ambient temperatures, i.e., 20 to 25C.
Next, the yarn is heatad (partially annealed) by means of heated godet 21 at a temperature in the range of fro~ a~out 70 to about llO~C and, more preferably, 90 to about 110C. The partially annealed yarn is then pretensioned between godet 21 and godet 23 and heated by means of heater 22 to a temperature in the range of from about 110~ to about 160C. The amount of tension is carefully controlled in order to produce polyester fibers with predetermined boiling water shrinkage and tenacity. A preferred means of imparting tension on yarn during annealing i~ by overfeeding godet 21 in an amount of from about O to about 12 based on the spePd o~ ~odet 23~
1 30~389 1 At this point, the yarn is ready to be wound on a pirn (not shown).
The filament yarn produced in accordance with the invention usually has a denier per :Eilament o~ 1 to 20. Total denier of the yarns produced in accordance with the in~ention generally range from about 40 to about 2G0 denier and, preferably, from about 70 to about 150 denier.
The invention is further 6!xemplified by the examples . below, which are presented to illustrate certain specific embodiments of the invention, but are not intended to be construed so as to be restrictive o~ the scope and spirit thereof.
E~MPLE I
A feeder yarn was prepared whirh comprised polyethylene terephthalate having a birefringence of 0.034, contain~d 48 filaments, a~d had a total deni~r o~ 149. The yarn was processed : under controll~d conditions. The conditions and resulting yarn properties are reported below in Table I~
TABLE_I
~20 Heated Hot Boiling Godst Plate Elon- Water Draw Temp. Temp. T~nsion Tenacity gation Shrinkage Sample Ratio ~ Çl__ fC ~ (qrams~ den. l f%) t%) .
A 2.25 84 120 57.5 6.04 14.9 7.7 B 2.25 84 120 10.0 5.61 18.5 5.3 .. . . .
.
. .
" ': ' , .
1 3ns~sl The results reported in Table I demonstrate the effectivenes~ of the method of the present invention in producing polyester filaments wit~in predetermined limits of yarn properties including boiling water shrinkage and tenacity.
Sample A shows the production of high~r tenacity yarns utilizing cold drawing/partial annealing of the feeder yarn and subsequent annealing of the feeder yarn at higher tensionsO Sample B shows the preparation o~ a polyester yarn having a lower tenacity and low boiling water shrinkage yarn by reducing ~he tension during the annealing of the cold dxawn/partially annealed feeder yarn.
EXAMPIJE I I
Feeder yarns comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) were prepared and processed under controlled conditions. The feeder yarn characteristics, processing conditions, and resulting yarn properties are reported below in Table II.
.
.
~ 3088 9 1 C
,, ~ X ~
. 3 ~dp Ct~ t`
O O ~
o ~ ~
~ ~ :n E~
$ ~ ' H C E~ ~ o O
~ ,~
~ $
3~ o ~' N
a~
~ ~ ~ .
~q ~ ~ ~> ~ ~
:~ ~ I V t` ~D
C .~ ~ o o m ~
.~ o o I
~:
:
:
.. , ~ . ... .
' , The results reported in Table II demonstrat~ the adaptability of the method of the present invPntion ~or producing polyester yarns with variable boiling water shrinkages and tenacity. Sample C represents a yarn with hi~her tenacity and boiling water shrinkage propertie~. As shown by Sample D, by lowering the draw ratio and tension, lower tenacity and boiling water shrinkage yarns can be produce~1.
Independently controlling the tension during annealing of a cold drawn partially annealed yarn is an excellent way to produce polyester yarn with predeter~ined properties.
EXAMPLE III
A fe~der yarn having a birefringence o~ 0.0311 was prepared from poly~ethylene terephthalate) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0~70. The resulting feeder yarn was processed under controlled conditions.
One of the processes was a conventional drawing process : utilizing the same equipment a~ set forth in Figure 2. During this process, the yarn is only slightly pr~tensioned between the feed roll and the heated gDdet. The temperature o~ the heated ~20 godet was necessarily limited to a maximu~ of 9~C because the yarn is unoriented and, thu , stick~ to the heated godet at higher temperatures. The yarn is drawn between the heated and unheated qodQts and then passed over the hot plate. Thus, in a conventional process, the yarn is drawn and annealed simultaneously and there is no control o~ th~ yarn tension.
-1 30~91 In the process of the present invention, the yarn is drawn and then annealed undar controlled tension.
The amount of tension utilized in the process was imparted on the yarn by drawing (overfeeding) the yarn between godets which correspond to godet 21 and godet 23 of Figure 2.
The draw ratio is set forth in the bracketed material of the tension column.
The process condition~ and the resulting yarn properties aro reported below in Table III.
.
~ 3088~ 1 o H I~ C~l co Z-- r~ o~
~ ~I
H ~1 ~ ~ r~
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a _ o o O G~ ~ ~
o o o U~
~ 308~ 9 1 As demonstrated by results in Table III, the yarn prepared by the conventional drawing process had very low elongation which the yarn prepared by the present invention had higher elongation. The higher elongation values of the yarn prepared by the present invention allows the yarn to be ~urther processed in subsequent textile processes.
Although certain preferred embodiments of the invention have been described for illustrative purposes, it will be appreciated that various modifications and innovations of th~
procedures and compositions recited herein may be e~fected without departure from the basic principle~ which underlie the invention. Changes of this type are there~ore deemed to lie within the spirit and scope of the invention except as may be necessarily limited by the amended claims or reasonable equivalents thereof.
~ ::
a~
~ ~ ~ .
~q ~ ~ ~> ~ ~
:~ ~ I V t` ~D
C .~ ~ o o m ~
.~ o o I
~:
:
:
.. , ~ . ... .
' , The results reported in Table II demonstrat~ the adaptability of the method of the present invPntion ~or producing polyester yarns with variable boiling water shrinkages and tenacity. Sample C represents a yarn with hi~her tenacity and boiling water shrinkage propertie~. As shown by Sample D, by lowering the draw ratio and tension, lower tenacity and boiling water shrinkage yarns can be produce~1.
Independently controlling the tension during annealing of a cold drawn partially annealed yarn is an excellent way to produce polyester yarn with predeter~ined properties.
EXAMPLE III
A fe~der yarn having a birefringence o~ 0.0311 was prepared from poly~ethylene terephthalate) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0~70. The resulting feeder yarn was processed under controlled conditions.
One of the processes was a conventional drawing process : utilizing the same equipment a~ set forth in Figure 2. During this process, the yarn is only slightly pr~tensioned between the feed roll and the heated gDdet. The temperature o~ the heated ~20 godet was necessarily limited to a maximu~ of 9~C because the yarn is unoriented and, thu , stick~ to the heated godet at higher temperatures. The yarn is drawn between the heated and unheated qodQts and then passed over the hot plate. Thus, in a conventional process, the yarn is drawn and annealed simultaneously and there is no control o~ th~ yarn tension.
-1 30~91 In the process of the present invention, the yarn is drawn and then annealed undar controlled tension.
The amount of tension utilized in the process was imparted on the yarn by drawing (overfeeding) the yarn between godets which correspond to godet 21 and godet 23 of Figure 2.
The draw ratio is set forth in the bracketed material of the tension column.
The process condition~ and the resulting yarn properties aro reported below in Table III.
.
~ 3088~ 1 o H I~ C~l co Z-- r~ o~
~ ~I
H ~1 ~ ~ r~
W ~ l` r~ I`
E-~ b C
O
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o o o `
a _ o o O G~ ~ ~
o o o U~
~ 308~ 9 1 As demonstrated by results in Table III, the yarn prepared by the conventional drawing process had very low elongation which the yarn prepared by the present invention had higher elongation. The higher elongation values of the yarn prepared by the present invention allows the yarn to be ~urther processed in subsequent textile processes.
Although certain preferred embodiments of the invention have been described for illustrative purposes, it will be appreciated that various modifications and innovations of th~
procedures and compositions recited herein may be e~fected without departure from the basic principle~ which underlie the invention. Changes of this type are there~ore deemed to lie within the spirit and scope of the invention except as may be necessarily limited by the amended claims or reasonable equivalents thereof.
~ ::
Claims (19)
1. A process of preparing polyester yarn having predetermined limits with respect to tenacity and boiling water shrinkage comprising:
(a) drawing at ambient temperature a partially oriented feeder yarn comprising polyester filaments having a birefringence of at least 0.0175 at a draw ratio in the range of from about 1.75 to about 2,60;
(b) annealing said feeder yarn of step (a) at a temperature in the range of from about 70° to about 110°C; and, (c) annealing the partially annealed feeder yarn of step (b) at a tension in the range of from about at least 0.1 grams to about 50 grams and at a temperature of from about 110° to about 160°C.
(a) drawing at ambient temperature a partially oriented feeder yarn comprising polyester filaments having a birefringence of at least 0.0175 at a draw ratio in the range of from about 1.75 to about 2,60;
(b) annealing said feeder yarn of step (a) at a temperature in the range of from about 70° to about 110°C; and, (c) annealing the partially annealed feeder yarn of step (b) at a tension in the range of from about at least 0.1 grams to about 50 grams and at a temperature of from about 110° to about 160°C.
2. The process recited in Claim 1 wherein said polyester yarn has a tenacity in the range of from about 4.5 to about 7.0 g/denier and a boiling water shrinkage of from about 2 to about 10 percent.
3. The process recited in Claim 2 wherein said polyester is a linear terephthalate polyester.
4. The process recited in Claim 3 wherein said linear terephthalate polyester is poly(ethylene terephthalate).
5. The process recited in Claim 4 wherein said birefringence of said feeder yarn is in the range of from about 0.020 to about 0.037.
6. The process recited in Claim 5 wherein the preparation of said feeder yarn comprises:
(i) extruding molten poly(ethylene terephthalate) having an intrinsic viscosity in the range of from about 0.4 to about 0.8 through a spinneret to form one or more filaments;
(ii) quenching said filaments;
(iii) applying an aqueous lubricating finish to said quenched filaments; and, (iv) taking up said filaments at a speed in the range of from about 2,200 to about 3,000 meters per minute.
(i) extruding molten poly(ethylene terephthalate) having an intrinsic viscosity in the range of from about 0.4 to about 0.8 through a spinneret to form one or more filaments;
(ii) quenching said filaments;
(iii) applying an aqueous lubricating finish to said quenched filaments; and, (iv) taking up said filaments at a speed in the range of from about 2,200 to about 3,000 meters per minute.
7. The process recited in Claim 6 wherein said fibers are taken up at a speed of about 2,750 meters per minute.
8. The process recited in Claim 7 wherein said draw ratio of step (a) is from about 2.00 to about 2.50.
9. The process recited in Claim 8 wherein said annealing temperature of step (b) is in the range of from about 90° to about 110°C.
10. The process recited in Claim 9 wherein said tension of step (c) is an amount in the range of from about 20 to about 50 grams.
11. The process recited in Claim 9 wherein said tension of step (c) is an amount in the range of from about 0.001 to about 10 grams.
12. A fabric comprising the yarn prepared in accordance with Claim 10.
13. A fabric comprising the yarn prepared in accordance with Claim 11.
14. A process of preparing polyester yarn having a tenacity in the range of from about 6.0 to about 7.5 grams per denier, a boiling water shrinkage in the range of from about 5 to about 10%, and an elongation in the range of from about 12 to about
15%, comprising:
(a) drawing at ambient temperature a partially oriented feeder yarn comprising polyester filaments having a birefringence of at least 0.0175 at a draw ratio in the range of from about 2.20 to about 2.60;
(b) annealing said feeder yarn of step (a) at a temperature in the range of from about 90° to about 110°C; and, (c) annealing the partially annealed feeder yarn of step (b) at a tension in the range of from about at least 20 grams to about 50 grams and at a temperature of from about 130° to about 160°C.
15. The process recited in Claim 14 wherein said polyester is poly(ethylene terephthalate).
(a) drawing at ambient temperature a partially oriented feeder yarn comprising polyester filaments having a birefringence of at least 0.0175 at a draw ratio in the range of from about 2.20 to about 2.60;
(b) annealing said feeder yarn of step (a) at a temperature in the range of from about 90° to about 110°C; and, (c) annealing the partially annealed feeder yarn of step (b) at a tension in the range of from about at least 20 grams to about 50 grams and at a temperature of from about 130° to about 160°C.
15. The process recited in Claim 14 wherein said polyester is poly(ethylene terephthalate).
16. A fabric comprising the yarn prepared in accordance with Claim 15.
17. A process of preparing polyester yarn having a tenacity in the range of from about 4.5 to about 5.5 grams per denier, a boiling water shrinkage in the range of from about 2 to about 3%, and an elongation in the range of from about 25 to about 35%
comprising:
(a) drawing at ambient temperature a partially oriented feeder yarn comprising polyester filaments having a birefringence of at least 0.0175 at a draw ratio in the range of from about 1.95 to about 2.05:
(b) annealing said feeder yarn of step (a) at a temperature in the range of from about 80° to about 100°C; and, (c) annealing the partially annealed feeder yarn of step (b) at a tension in the range of from about at least 0.001 grams to about 5 grams and at a temperature of from about 140° to about 160°C.
comprising:
(a) drawing at ambient temperature a partially oriented feeder yarn comprising polyester filaments having a birefringence of at least 0.0175 at a draw ratio in the range of from about 1.95 to about 2.05:
(b) annealing said feeder yarn of step (a) at a temperature in the range of from about 80° to about 100°C; and, (c) annealing the partially annealed feeder yarn of step (b) at a tension in the range of from about at least 0.001 grams to about 5 grams and at a temperature of from about 140° to about 160°C.
18. The process recited in Claim 17 wherein said polyester is poly(ethylene terephthalate).
19. A fabric comprising the yarn prepared in accordance with Claim 18.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/277,371 US4970038A (en) | 1988-11-29 | 1988-11-29 | Process of preparing polyester yarn |
| US277,371 | 1988-11-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1308891C true CA1308891C (en) | 1992-10-20 |
Family
ID=23060570
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000613566A Expired - Fee Related CA1308891C (en) | 1988-11-29 | 1989-09-27 | Yarn containing polyester fibers and method of preparation |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4970038A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1308891C (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5217485A (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1993-06-08 | United States Surgical Corporation | Polypropylene monofilament suture and process for its manufacture |
| WO1993010288A1 (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-05-27 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Improvements in continuous filaments, yarns and tows |
| WO1993010287A1 (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-05-27 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Improvements in polyester filaments, yarns and tows |
| WO1993010292A1 (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-05-27 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Improvements in polyester filaments, yarns and tows |
| WO1993010293A1 (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-05-27 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Improvements in polyester filaments, yarns and tows |
| US5416958A (en) * | 1992-01-21 | 1995-05-23 | Basf Corporation | Easy nap textile fabric and process for making |
| US5494620A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1996-02-27 | United States Surgical Corporation | Method of manufacturing a monofilament suture |
| US5871502A (en) * | 1996-04-08 | 1999-02-16 | Ethicon, Inc. | Process for manufacturing a polypropylene monofilament suture |
| JP4357119B2 (en) * | 1998-07-23 | 2009-11-04 | バルマーク アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Spinning apparatus and method for spinning synthetic yarn |
| US6818683B2 (en) | 2000-09-15 | 2004-11-16 | First Quality Fibers, Llc | Apparatus for manufacturing optical fiber made of semi-crystalline polymer |
| US6763559B2 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2004-07-20 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Cold drawing process of polymeric yarns suitable for use in implantable medical devices |
| US20050233144A1 (en) * | 2004-04-15 | 2005-10-20 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | High tenacity polyester yarns |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1115143A (en) * | 1966-10-31 | 1968-05-29 | Du Pont | Hot drawing and annealing polyester filaments |
| US3452132A (en) * | 1966-11-03 | 1969-06-24 | Du Pont | Process of steam drawing and annealing polyester yarn |
| US3739056A (en) * | 1968-01-17 | 1973-06-12 | Du Pont | Draw/relax/anneal process for polyesters |
| JPS5115014A (en) * | 1974-07-23 | 1976-02-06 | Toray Industries | Boshihikitorihoho |
| US4195051A (en) * | 1976-06-11 | 1980-03-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparing new polyester filaments |
| US4195052A (en) * | 1976-10-26 | 1980-03-25 | Celanese Corporation | Production of improved polyester filaments of high strength possessing an unusually stable internal structure |
| US4251481A (en) * | 1979-05-24 | 1981-02-17 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Continuous spin-draw polyester process |
| DE3026451C2 (en) * | 1980-07-12 | 1985-03-14 | Davy McKee AG, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for producing high-strength technical yarns by spinning drawing and using yarns produced by the process |
| JPS59163415A (en) * | 1983-03-08 | 1984-09-14 | Teijin Ltd | Production of polyester fiber |
-
1988
- 1988-11-29 US US07/277,371 patent/US4970038A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-09-27 CA CA000613566A patent/CA1308891C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4970038A (en) | 1990-11-13 |
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