CA1310569C - Water-impermeable sealing mat consisting substantially of a substrate layer, an interlayer of swellable clay, and a cover layer - Google Patents

Water-impermeable sealing mat consisting substantially of a substrate layer, an interlayer of swellable clay, and a cover layer

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Publication number
CA1310569C
CA1310569C CA000558806A CA558806A CA1310569C CA 1310569 C CA1310569 C CA 1310569C CA 000558806 A CA000558806 A CA 000558806A CA 558806 A CA558806 A CA 558806A CA 1310569 C CA1310569 C CA 1310569C
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
bentonite
layer
sealing mat
cover layer
interlayer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
CA000558806A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Georg Heerten
Karsten Johannssen
Volkhard Muller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Naue GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Naue Fasertechnik GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/004—Sealing liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B2038/0052—Other operations not otherwise provided for
    • B32B2038/008—Sewing, stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/16—Clay
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2471/00—Floor coverings
    • B32B2471/04—Mats
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3707—Woven fabric including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/50—FELT FABRIC
    • Y10T442/57—Including particulate material other than fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/666—Mechanically interengaged by needling or impingement of fluid [e.g., gas or liquid stream, etc.]
    • Y10T442/667—Needled

Abstract

A WATER-IMPERMEABLE SEALING MAT CONSISTING SUBSTANTIALLY
OF A SUBSTRATE LAYER, AN INTERLAYER OF SWELLABLE CLAY, AND A COVER LAYER
Abstract of the Disclosure A water impermeable sealing mat and a method for producing same are provided. The sealing mat consists of a non-woven textile material as substrate layer, an intermediate layer of swellable clay, preferably sodium bentonite, and a cover layer consisting preferably also of a non-woven textile material, all three layers having been needled together in the conventional manner in a needle loom, When moistened, the bentonite swells and forms the water-impermeable layer.
The water-impermeable sealing mat is used especially in hydraulic engineering and in waste disposal engineering.

Description

:L 3 ~

The present invention relates to a water-impermeable sealing mat suited for use preferably in hydraulic engineering and waste disposal engineering which substantially consists of a substrate layer, an inter-layer of swellable clay, and a cover layer, and a method for producing same.

Such sealing mats are known from European Patent No. 0 059 625 where a flexible substrate layer supports a bentonite interlayer on which a cover layer may be provided. All three layers, i.e. the substrate layer, which may be a non-woven textile material, the ben-tonite interlayer, and the cover layer which may be a mat not defined in more detail, are bonded together by an adhesive. The production of such a product is disadvantageous not only due to the use of an adhesive but especially also on account of the circumstance that both the substrate layer and the cover layer are inter-connected only by way of the bentonite interlayer.
Moreover, such sealing mats lose their flexibilit~
owing to the use of adhesive solidifying the indivi-dual layers, which becomes a nuisance especially in case of underground deformation of earth constructionsO
Moreover, said prior art sealing mats have the disadvan-tage that the bentonite interlayer sandwiched there-between can freely expand in all three dimensions when moistened, which frequently results in cracks in the bentonite interlayer which, in turn, renders the mats water-permeable.

Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to provide an absolutely water-tight mat in a manner that obviates the use of an adhesive.

~ 3 ~
This object is realized according to the present invention in that (a) the substrate layer and/or the cover layer consist(s) of a non-woven textile material, and the layer optionally not consisting of non-woven textile material consists of a woven or knitted fabric, and (b) all three layers are bonded together by needling.

Preferably both the substrate layer and the cover layer consist of non-woven textile material. However, also a structure may be desirable in which the sub-strate layer consists of non-woven textile fabric and the cover layer consists of woven or knitted textile fabric, or the cover layer consists of non-woven textile fabric and the substrate layer consists of woven or kni-tted fabric.

The preferably continuously operating method claimed as invention is carried out such that first the interlayer of dry, swellable clay is applied onto the substrate layer and thereon the cover la~er is placed, whereafter all three layers are needled in a needle loom.

The non-woven textile fabrics employed preferably consists of high grade synthetic resin fibers J
especially of polyehtylene, polypropylene, polyester and polyacry~ic and/or polyamide fibers. For use in was-te disposal engineering non-woven textile materials made from high density polyethylene ~HDPE) are especial-ly preferredO

Such non-woven fabrics are absolutely resistant to rotting (resistant to all substances occuring in bodies of water and in soil) and thus warrant evidently an 1 3 ~
-- 3 ~

extremely long service life. Their extraordinarily high tear strength provides substantial resistance to mechanical wear. They are highly stable toward ultra-violet radiation and have a high specific gravity (significant advantage in case of underwater instal-lation).
The non-woven textile materials employed according to the invention preferably have the mechanically consolidated structure of staple fiber batts.
The crimped fibers are assembled to form a sheet structure with a maze of in-terstices. This ideally~
imitates the structure of the soil. The structure of the non-woven textile materials can be made coarser or finer, depending on the nature of the soil, so that optimum adaption to the type of soil at the site of use is warranted. The mechanical consolidation ensures a high friction coefficient between the soil and the non-woven textile material and the covering material. Instead of the non-woven textile fabrics consolidated mechanically by needling also non-woven tex-tile fabrics can be employed which were consolidated mechanically by stitchbonding or by swirling, or which were chemically bonded.

The non-woven textile materials include, for example, materials listed in the following Tables 1 and 2.

~ 3 ~

Table 1 Type D 455 R D 615 ~ D 815 R
.. .. . _ .. _ Fiber Raw Material 100 % HDPE 100 % HDPE 100 % HDPE
. _ ~ . _ _ ~
Sheet Weight (g/m ) 450 600 800 . _ _ _ . _ .
Thickness (mm) at 2 kN/m 4,3 4,4 4,7 , ._ . - . . __ ..
Maximum Tensile Strength (Strip Drawing Test) ~Length/Width) (daN/10 cm) ... __ . .. _ ._ -- . . _ .__ _ _ .
Elongation at Break (Length/Width) (%) . .. ___ . _ __ Deformation at Indenter Piercing Force 123 116 110 DIN 54 307 (%) __ _ . . . _ _ ~ ~
Interstitial Width (mm) 0,13 0,0~ 0,08 _ _ . __ ..__ ._ ._ _ _ ~
Water Permeability (m/s) at 2 kN/m 7,7.10 3 4,6'10 3 4,5~10 3 without Soil Contact ___ . . _ _ . ._ Cone Dropping Test (Piercing Test) 15 9 Hole Diameter (mm) .. __ ..__ . __ ._ . . __ . __ Standard Width (m)~ 4,40/100 4,40 / 50 4,40 / 50 Length (m) _ _ __ __.___ , ... _ - :L 3 ~

Tabl e 2 Double Layer Composite Batt Filter Layer Drain Layer mechanically consolidated mechanically consolidated non-woven sheet material and chemically bonded consisting of PES staple non-woven sheet material fibers of coarse PP fibers _ . . ._ _ _ . _ . . . __ 2 Total Sheet Weight glm 250 1000 750 . ._ _ ._ _ . . _ . __ .
Thickness (DIN 53855) mm 3,0 14 11,0 Load Bearing Limit .__ __ Maximum Tensile kN/m 7 Strength DIN 53 ~57 ._ .... . ~
Elongation at Break % 45 . . ~ . .
0,09 1,34 Effective corresponds to pore corresponds to pore Interstitial mm width of medium sand width of medium gravel Width (d50~ 0,4 mm) ( 50 .. . .. .~
Water Permea- kN/m 1,8-10 at 2 kN/m to 1" 8~10 at 200 kN/m bility weight bearing capacity (k values determine flow to (k-value) drain layer; correspond approximately to the values vertical for coarse sand) _ ...___ . _ . .. .. .._ Water Permea- Information about dimensioning available upon request bility, planar (Drain Effect) ~ 3 ~

The interlayer of swellable clay preferably consists of bentonites. Bentonites are clays having an appreciabl~v to high content of smectite (montmorillo-nite) which decisively determines the properties (high swellability , good water absorption capacity, high plasticity). In order to obtain from an alkaline earth metal bentonite having low swellability in water a highly swellable active bentonite the alkaline earth metal ions of the bentonites are replaced by alkali metal ions, preferably sodium ions. Therefore, sodium bentonite exhibiting highly increased plasticity, viscosity, thixotropy and water absorption is preferred for use according to the present invention~

In the intermediate layer the bentonites can be present in powder and/or granulated form. If they are granular, the particles can have a particle size in excess of 2.5 mm. Of course, they may also be smaller.

Moreover, the water permeability of the sealing mats according to the invention can also be reduced by first applying, in the manufacture thereof, a powdery bentonite on -the substrate layer and distributing it by vibration, and only thereafter applving the granular bentoni~e. Instead Of the distribution of the powdery bentonite by vibration inko the substrate layer khe substrate layer can also be first impregnated with an aqueous benkonite suspension, or an aqueous bentonite paste can be rolled onto the substrate layer, whereafter -optionally after previous drying - the granular ben-tonite is applied. If desired, the cover layer can be treated like the substrate layer in the manner des-cribed above before be~ng placed on the interlayer.

131 3~9 For some applications the substrate or cover layer pretreated in the described way may even be used per se as sealing mat~

Depending on the particular application, the thickness of the bentonite interlayer preferably ranges from 0.5 to 10.0 mm. However, it may also be smaller or greater, which depends, inter alia, also on the circumstance whether or not the substrate and/or cover layer was pretreated with ultrafinely divided bentonites, as described above~

Needling of the three layers on the needle loom pro-vides the desired strong mechanical coherence of the three layers of the sealing mat according to the in-vention, and at the same time obvia-tes the adhesive use~ in the prior art. In addition thereto, further essential advantages are thereby attained. Even without the previous pretreatment of substrate and/or cover layer described above, needling at the innex surface facing the bentonite interlayer and the zones of the non-woven textile materials disposed there-beneath effects intensive mixing of fibers and ben~o-nite. Moreover, as the bentonite swells when moistened, the strong needling bond provides a pressure counter-acting the swelling pressure which, in combination with the above described intensive mixing of fibers and bentonite, warrants water impermeability of the sealing mats of the invention. Furthermore, needling ensures flexibility of the sealing mats to a degree that comes close to the good pliability properties of mechanically consolidated non-woven textile materials.

1 3 ~ 9 The water impermeable s~aling mats o~ the invention axe used especiall~ in h~draulic engineering and waste disposal engineering.

The present invention will now he explained with re~erence to Figs. 1 and 2 and the following examples, without being restricted thereto.

Fig. 1 shows in cross section a part of the sealing mat 1 according to the invention;

Fig. 2 shows schematically a longitudinal section along the continuous production line resulting in the water impermeable sealing mat 1 according to the invention.

From a supply bin 6 the bentonite is applied as ben-tonite interlayer 3 onto the substrate layer 2 (non-woven textile material) wound o~f a supply reel, not shown. Thereafter the cover layer 4(also a non-woven textile material)likewise wound off a supply reel, not shown, is placed on the bentonite interlayer 3. The thus obtained sheet structure composed of three layers is passed through a needle loom 7 in which all three layers are needled in a manner known per se. Depending on the thickness of the bentonite interlayer 3 the needled sheet structure representing the water impermeable sealing mat 1 is wound on reels or is cut into the particular lengths desired for the contemplated use.

After having been laid out on large areas at the site of use the thus manufactured sealing mats can be fused to-gether or sewn together along the abutting rims to allow also along the abutting edges the bentonite interlayer 13~5~

to merge and form a coherent water-impermeable interlayer upon swelling. Water-tight overlapping is also achieved hy inserting betwee~ the overlapping regions a bentonite bead and then compressing said regions.

Example 1 To make a se~ling mat for hydraulic engineering a non-woven textile material 1004 R is used as supporting layer 2, and a non-woven textile material 201-3 is used as cover layer 4 with the characteristics listed hereafter:

~ 3 ~

Type 1004 R 201-3 _____________ __ _____ _ _ _. ___ , __________ Fiber Raw Material PES/PP PES
. . _ ..
Sheet Weight (g/m ) 814 225 Thickness (mm) at 2 kN/m 6,6 2,8 .. .. .
Maximum Tensile Strength (Strip Drawing Test) 149/341 95/140 (Length/Width) (daN/l~ cm) . _ _ .
Elongation at Break DIN 53 857 llI/49 65/60 (Length/Uldth) (%) ~ _ Deformation at Indenter Piercing force _~ __ DIN 54 307 (%) ~ .. . . .
Interstitial Width (mm) 0,08 0,09 . ~ . __ Water Permeability (m/s) without Soil Contact 4,9-10 3 6,0-10-5 at 2 kN/m Cone Dropping Te 9 t (Piercing Test) __ 16 Hole Diameter (mm) . _..... _ __ ~.. . . __~ .. _ _ .. _ _ Standard Width (m)/
Length (m) 4,80 x 100 4,75 x 100 1 3 ~

The non-woven material, Type 1004 R, i~ a hydraulic engineering mat that has heen in use for years and proved to be serviceable. The production width is usually 4.80 m. It constitutes a composite material composed of two layers of non-woven textile fabric, namely a filter layer of polyester (PES; about 70 of the total weight) and a coarse fiber layer of polypropylene fibers (about 30 % of the total weight)~
The fibers are consolidated purely mechanically by needling. This two-layer composite non-woven material serving as substrate layer 2 has a sheet thickness greater than 6.0 mm.

The non-woven textile fabric 201-3 is a single-layer material made up of 100 % polyester fibers. A~ will be seen from the preceding table, the sheet weigth is about 22~ glm2 and the sheet thickness is about 2.8 mm. The production width normally is also 4.80 m.

The bentonite interlayer 4 consists of an activated sodium bentonite applied in an amount of about 2500 g/m2, which corresponds to a layer thickness of about 1 t~
2 mm.

The mat is manufactured in the following way;

A roll of non-woven ~extile material 1004 R is wound off a reel and is guided to a needling loom 7 as sub-strate layer 2. While the web is unwound a weighed quantity of dry bentonite having a particle size of a few millimeters is applied onto the substrate layer 2.
At the same time a roll of non-woven textile material 201-3 is fed via a furthex reel to the bentonite inter-layer 3 as cover layer 4. These three layers then pass ~31~

through the needle loom 7 where they are mechani-cally firmly bonded together.

The needle loom 7 has one or more needle boardsO Each needle board is provided with thousands of needles~
The needle boards are moved rapidly up and down (up to about 1000 strokes per minute). The needles pro-vided with barbs pierce the layers of non-woven fabric material 2, 4 and the bentonit.e interlayer 3, and the barbs take care that the individual fibers are inter-laced to form a firm structure. Since the needling operation is not free of vibrations, a porti.on of the applied bentonite enters into the fiber batts, especially into the pores of the coarse fiber batt of the substrate layer 2 facing the bentonite inter-layer 30 The sealing mat obtained downstream of the needling loom 7 is wound on a reel and is transported to the site of use where it performs the function of a water impermeable sealing mat after having been laid out and moistened.

Example_2 For the manufacture of a water impermeable sealing mat for use in waste disposal enyineering the non-woven textile materials specified in Table 1 consisting of high density polyethylene fibers are used Eor the substrate 2 and for ths cover layer 4.
Substrate layer 2 and cover layer 4 may be the same or different.

Claims (10)

1. A water-impermeable sealing mat consisting substantially of a substrate layer, an interlayer of swellable clay, and a cover layer, characterized in that (a) the substrate and/or the cover layer consist(s) of non-woven textile material, and the layer optionally not consisting of non-woven textile material consists of woven or knitted fabric, and (b) all three layers are bonded together by needling.
2. Sealing mat according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-woven textile materials are mechanically consolidated non-woven staple fiber mats.
3. Sealing mat according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-woven textile materials consist of non-rotting synthetic resin fibers, preferably of polyolefine fibers, especially of high density polyethylene (HDPE).
4. Sealing mat according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the interlayer consists of a bentonite, preferably of an alkalimetal-activated bentonite, especially sodium-activated bentonite.
5. Sealing mat according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bentonite employed is powdered or granular.
6. Sealing mat according to claims 1 to 3, character-ized in that a granulated bentonite having a par-ticle size of at least 2.5 mm is employed.
7. Sealing mat according to claims 1 to 3, character-ized in that the substrate layer has a thickness of 1 to 10 mm, the bentonite interlayer has a thickness of 0.5 to 10 mm, and the cover layer has a thickness of 1 to 10 mm.
8. A method for continously producing sealing mats according to claim l, characterized by applying on the substrate layer the dry, powdered to granular, swellable clay, placing the cover layer thereon, and passing the resulting triple layer material through a needle loom in order to needle the substrate layer and cover layer together.
9. Method according to claim 8, characterized by applying a dry, activated sodium bentonite having an average particle size of at least 2.5 mm onto the substrate layer.
10. Method according to claims 8 or 9, characterized by impregnating the substrate layer and/or the cover layer with a bentonite suspension, or applying very finely divided bentonite onto and optionally vibrating said bentonite into said layers, prior to joining said layers to said interlayer.
CA000558806A 1987-02-13 1988-02-12 Water-impermeable sealing mat consisting substantially of a substrate layer, an interlayer of swellable clay, and a cover layer Expired - Lifetime CA1310569C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP3704503.2 1987-02-13
DE3704503A DE3704503C3 (en) 1987-02-13 1987-02-13 Waterproof sealing mat

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1310569C true CA1310569C (en) 1992-11-24

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ID=6320897

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000558806A Expired - Lifetime CA1310569C (en) 1987-02-13 1988-02-12 Water-impermeable sealing mat consisting substantially of a substrate layer, an interlayer of swellable clay, and a cover layer

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Country Link
US (1) US5041330A (en)
EP (1) EP0278419B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE75275T1 (en)
AU (1) AU604839B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1310569C (en)
DE (2) DE3704503C3 (en)
DK (1) DK164957C (en)
ES (1) ES2031166T3 (en)
FI (1) FI88064C (en)
GB (1) GB2202185B (en)
GR (1) GR3005195T3 (en)
HK (1) HK45393A (en)
IE (1) IE60781B1 (en)
NO (1) NO168660C (en)
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SG113592G (en) 1993-06-11
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EP0278419A2 (en) 1988-08-17
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US5041330A (en) 1991-08-20
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DK75088D0 (en) 1988-02-12
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