CA1312489C - Double layered wire or fabric for papermaking machines - Google Patents
Double layered wire or fabric for papermaking machinesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1312489C CA1312489C CA000564771A CA564771A CA1312489C CA 1312489 C CA1312489 C CA 1312489C CA 000564771 A CA000564771 A CA 000564771A CA 564771 A CA564771 A CA 564771A CA 1312489 C CA1312489 C CA 1312489C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cross threads
- threads
- cross
- thread
- paper side
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
- D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The invention relates to a to papermaking of double layered fabric, consisting of a set of longitudinal threads (yarns in machine direction) and a set of cross threads on the running side of the wire (yarns in cross machine direction) as well as a set of cross threads on the paper side of the wire, the last one consisting of at least two groups of cross threads differing from one another with respect to the outwardly located length of floatings. In order to avoid an unacceptable decrease of the stability of the wire and avoid markings in the paper as well as an essential reduction of drainage of the wire if the number of cross threads on the paper side is increased, the wire is configurated such that it includes three groups of cross threads A, B, C on the paper side and that within one weave pattern each longitudinal thread is crossing over three cross threads succeeding one another on the paper side and thereafter crossing below three cross threads succeeding one another on the paper side and thereafter crossing over three cross threads succeeding one another on the paper side and running thereafter between the cross threads on the paper side and on the running side interlacing at least one cross thread on the running side.
The invention relates to a to papermaking of double layered fabric, consisting of a set of longitudinal threads (yarns in machine direction) and a set of cross threads on the running side of the wire (yarns in cross machine direction) as well as a set of cross threads on the paper side of the wire, the last one consisting of at least two groups of cross threads differing from one another with respect to the outwardly located length of floatings. In order to avoid an unacceptable decrease of the stability of the wire and avoid markings in the paper as well as an essential reduction of drainage of the wire if the number of cross threads on the paper side is increased, the wire is configurated such that it includes three groups of cross threads A, B, C on the paper side and that within one weave pattern each longitudinal thread is crossing over three cross threads succeeding one another on the paper side and thereafter crossing below three cross threads succeeding one another on the paper side and thereafter crossing over three cross threads succeeding one another on the paper side and running thereafter between the cross threads on the paper side and on the running side interlacing at least one cross thread on the running side.
Description
DOUBLE LAYERED WIRE OR FABRIC FQR PAPERMAKING MAC~INES
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION_ The invention relates to a double layered papermaking wire consisting of a set of longitudinal threads (yarns in machine direction) and a set of cross threads on the running side (yarns in cross machine direction) as well as a set of cross S threads on the paper side which consists of at least two groups of cross threads differing from one another with respect to the outwardly located length of f loatings.
For the manufacture of paper papermaking wires are used, by which the pulp suspension ls dewatered in a wet and strong paper layer i~ formed, which is fed on the wire to the pres~
equipment. For that purpose the wire has to corre~pond with respect to its dewatering capacity or its fiber retention capaclty, re~p~ctively, as well a~ with respect to its surface characterlstic6 and its stability to definite require~ents which have constantly changed during the course of the development of such papermaking wires because of the fact that the paperma~ers have always intended to increase the quality of the paper. Therefore, it has been imperative for the papermaker~ to bring their products in compliance with these increasing requirements, i.e. to continuously develop further the papermaking wires with raspect to the above mentioned properties.
131248~
In this connection lt has been found necessary to mainta~n a maximum dewatering capacity and stability of the wire and s~multaneously increase essentially the number of me3hes per cm2 area of the wire or fabric in order to galn a uniform as p~ssible fiber deposit and simultaneously a marking capability of the wire as small as possible. This has resulted in an increasing refinement of the wire fabrics.
Such a refinement, however, is limited by the fact that the diamQter of all threads must be decreased in such an extent as the refinement increa~ed, resulting in a rapid decrea~e of stability 80 that at the end the wire is no longer in a position to sustain the extreme t~nsion loads because of its wear or i8 in economical a~pects no longer u~eful becau~e of it~ very 3hort ~ervice l~fe.
D~SCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART:
It hae already b~en propQsed in the art ~IGeLm~ ~ published application 3,102,624; U.S. patent 4~2~ and ~uropean patent 85,363) to ov~rco~e the above mentioned drawbacks by interweave lnto a lon~itudlnal thread system alternatingly cross thread~ belonging to two di~ferent group~ of threads differing with respect to their floating l~ngths. The purpose o~ this construction i8 inter alia to attain ~ufflcient dewatering capacity with a great number of cross a;~
threads. This ~r~ has been apparently reached in certain ca~es. Thus, in a common double layered paperma~ing w~re the number of cross threads could be increased about 50%
retaining simultaneously the number of longitudinal thrQads and the diameter of the longitudinal thread~. Therefore, on the basis of the above the retention capacity of the wire for fibers could be improved in certain applications. In many case~, however, it was found to be disadvantageous that ~ u~J;~.;e~
especially in~papermaking machines ~ r~r~ 3 --the paper is provided wlth not acceptable markings as a con~equence of the strong and re~arkable geometrical dl~tribution of the floatings.
~ ,~
Accordingly, it i~ the ob~ect of the present invention to provide a papermakin~ wire or fabric, having an increased number of cross threads o~ the paper side, but no drawback~
o~ the above mention~d k~nd, especially no unacceptable decr~ase o~ ~tability of the wire and no mark~ng of the paper.
It is another object of the present invention to provide such a papermaking wire having excellent machine- and cross-machine-direction stability and long service life.
These and other objects are solved by a structure of the wire which is characterized therein that there are three groups of cross threads A, B, C on the paper side and that within a weave pattern each longitudinal thread is crossing over three succeeding cross threads on the pa-per side, thereafter crossing below three succeeding cross threads on the paper side, thereafter crossing over three succeeding cross threads on the paper side and after that extending between the cross threads on the paper side and the running side, simultaneously interlac-ing at least any cross thread on the running side.
Because of the fact that the several cross threads onthe paper side ~re distributed with respect to their frequency and related location within the weave pat-tern in such a way that at those points in which three succeeding cross threads on the paper side are crossedby a longitudinal threads, those threads, each of which belonging to another group of threads are located very closely adjacent to one another, contacting each other in special embodiments at least partly, an extremely great number of cross threads on the paper side is gained. On the other hand, the feature that at those points in which three succeeding cross threads on the paper side which are distantly separated from one an-other, are crossed below by a longitudinal thread, the dewatering capacity of the wire is maintained in a suf-ficient extent despite of the extreme great number of cross threads. From the above follows that the longitu-dinal floatings as well as the cross floatings of the paper side are located nearly in the same plane and are distributed in that plane very favorably, and that is one of the reasons why the drawback of an increased likelihood of marking i8 avoided in the papermaking wire according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWIN~S:
A better understanding of the invontion will be r~ached by reference to the following detailed description when read in conJunction with the accompanylng drawing~ in which:
Figure 1 i~ a cro~s ~ection of a known double layered pap~rma~lng wlre provided with only one group of cro~ threads on the paper side;
Figure 2 i8 a cr~ss ~ection of a further known double layered wire proYided with two group~ of çross thread~ on the paper ~ide;
Figure 3 is a sohematical view of one embodi~ent of th~ pa~er~aking wlre according to tho invention in form of a cro~6 ~action th~reof of a complete length of the w~av~ patt~rn;
Figur~ 4 1~ a schematical plan view of a detail of the wire of ~i~. 3 from th~ pap~r side thereof;
~i~ure 5 is an impression of the paper ~ide of the known wire according to Fig. l;
Fi~ure 6 is an impres~lon of the paper slde of a ~nown wire accordiny to Fig. 2, and ~igure ~ i8 an impression of the paper side according S to the wire of the invantion as shown in Fiys. 3 and 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION 0~ T~E PREFERRED EMBODIM~NT OF TBE
INV~NTION:
An impression o~ a known double lay~red wire provided with only two groups o2 croF.s threads ~, F on the paper ~ide is shown in Fig. 6. One drawback ob~erved is that because c.f the very small num~er of cro~ thr~ad~ on the runnlng ~ide of tho~ k~own wires the running tlme and there~ore the surface li~e of those wires i8 ~3sentially decr~a~ed. Fig. 2 shows lS the exten~ion of a longitudinal thread 3 of a known ~ouble lay~red wir~ provided with tWQ ~roup~ of cross threads E and F on the pap~r side ~if~ering with resp~ct to th4ir lengths of t~Qir outwardly located floating3. The cross threads of the paper side are distantly separatod ~rom one another. The nu~b-r o~ cro~ threads 4 on the running ~ide i8 because of th~ comparsbly ~reat distance very small.
In comparison to the known double layered papermaking wire 3hown in Fiy. 2 of the draw~ngs ~n cross section, the paper side o~ which i~ formed o~ two groups of cross threads E, F, the wire accordi~ to the inv~ntion i8 provided on the basis of the same num~er o~ longitudlnal thr~ads per cm with a number of cross thread~ per cm on the paper side a~ well as on the running side which is at least 15X ~reater. In compari~on wlth a known double layered papermaking wire shown S in Fig. 1 in cross section, all cross threads of which on the paper slde having the same type of binding, ~he wire according to the lnvention is provided on the basi~ of the same number of lon~itudinal thread~ per cm wlth a number of cross thread~ per cm on the paper side which 18 at least 80$
greater than that one of said wire.
The pap~r ma~ing wiro according to the invention as ~hown in Fis. 3 consists o~ a do~ble layered wire ha~ing a weave pattern provide with seven longitudinal threads and forty-two cros~ threadR. The drawing shows th~ exten~ion o~ two lS ad~acent longltuainal thread~ 6 and ~, ~hich are d~splaced w~th re~pect to one another by twelve or ~xteen respectively, cross threads on the p~por side. Moreover, th~
wir~ i~ provi~ed with cross threads 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, whlch di~fer ~rom one anotber wlth rcspect to th~ir diam~tors and/or material characteristics as well as their length of the ~loatin~3 insofar ~8 each of the thr~e cross threads 8, 9, 10 belongs to another group o~ cro~ thread6 A, B, C, whereas ~rom the cross thread~ 11, 12 and 13, the thrQads 11 and 13 b~long to the group of cros~ threads B and the threads 2S 12 belong to the groups of cross threads A or C, respectively, which are differing from one another with respect to the thread diameter as stated above.
As can be gathered from the drawings, within the weave pattern there are on the paper side three groups of cross threads A, B and C, and each longitudinal thread 6 and 7 is overcrossing each of the three cross threads 8, 9, 10, succeeding one another on the paper side, thereafter un-dercrossing three further cross threads 11, 12, 13 suc-ceeding one another on the paper side and thereafter over-crossing the following three cross threads 8, 9, 10 on the paper side, extending lateron between the cross thread set on the paper side and the running side, and interlacing with two cross threads 14 on the running side which are not succeeding one another and which can also be located in another position. The cross threads 8, 9, 10 on the paper side are very closely positioned so that they contact one another. Each of these three cross threads differs from the other two with respect to the length of its f10atings, and, as stated above, according to an advantage embodiment with respect to its diameter and/or its material. The undercrossing cross threads 11, 12, 13 foilowing the said cross threads are distantly se-parated from one another, each belonging to only two dif-ferent groups of threads, the structure being such that the two cross threads 11 and 13 are identical to one another with respect to their diameters, but may differ from the third cross thread 12 with respect to their ma-terial and/or their diameter.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the subject invention, each longitudinal thread may be interlaced by two cross threads on the running side which are not suc-ceeding one another, and each of these cross threads may be interlaced within the weave pattern by only one longi-tudinal thread. As can be gathered from Fig. 3, the lon-9 1 3 1 2~89 gitudinal threads are on the basis of the last mentionedprinciple interlaced two times by the lower layer of cross threads, so that between both interlacing points designated with 15 an outwardly directed force component is provided forcing the cross threads 5 positioned bet-ween those two interlacing points outwardly, if the wire is exposed to longitudinal tensions during the fixation process of the wire. This is the reason why an excellent papermaking wire of the cross thread runner-type is pro-vided according to the invention.
Fig. 4 shows a detailed view of the paper side of the wire according to the invention in order to illustrate the difference of the floating lengths of the three groups of cross threads A, B, C, as well as their fre-quency and distribution.
For special appliances in which a very great dewatering capacity is required, for instance on the manufacture of tissue-fabrics, the number of cross threads may be di-minished in usual manner in order to gain the required permeability.
The following table compares the characterizing features of the wires according to the invention with those fea-tures of the known wires as shown by Figs. 1 and 2 on the basis of the same numbers of longitudinal threads per cm and diameters of the longitudinal threads in mm.
, 1o Table for Comparison Prior art wires wires according to the invention Fig.l Fig.2 Fig.3 Number of the groups of cross threads on the lO paper side 1 2 3 Number of the longitu-dinal threads / cm 62 62 62 Diameter of the longi-tudinal threads (mm~ 0.17 0.17 0.17 Number of the cross threads on the paper side per cm 24 36 44 Number of the cross threads on the running side per cm 24 18 22 Diameter of the cross threa~s Qn the running side (mm) 0.20 0.20 0.22 Number of the fiber sup-porting longitudinal and cross floatings per cm2 on the paper side 425 478 585 Porosity~ folr air m2~s 22D0 2500 2300 Number of the diagonals 35 per cm2 consisting of longitudinal or cross floatings of the paper side15 13 17 ./ .
The number of diagonals per cm2 consisting of longitudi-nal floatings or cross floatings of the paper side or the distances thereof from one another is the measure for the ability of forming markings. The likelyhood for the appearance of undesired wire markings in the paper is increasing with the increasing distance between the diagonals or decreasing the number of diagonals.
The numbers of cross threads per cm on the paper side are in the known wires essentially smaller than in the wire according to the invention, so that in comparison with the finest wires of the prior art the stability of the wire according to the invention has essentially been increased with the consequence that under operating con-dition on the papermaking machine the extreme tension loads and wear occurrances are essentially longer sus-tained.
If the known wires according to Figs. l and 2 are com-pared with respect to the diagonal distance dl and d2, respectively, and with respect to the number of diago-nals of about 15, as can be gathered from Fig.5, and on the other hand abowt 13, as can be gathered from Fig.6, with the impression of the paper side of the wires ac-cording to the invention as shown by Fig.7, then one can realize that the diagonal distance d3 is associated with about l7 diagonals. Thus, the following relationship can be stated: d3 cdl c d2. The impressions of the paper side illustrated by Fig.5 through 7 are all enlarged and cor-respond to an area of l cm2. The numbers of the longitu-dinal threads are about 62/cm.
The embodiment of a wire according to the invention as enclosed in the above comparative table discloses the fact that the number of cross threads per cm should ad-vantageously at least be 60% of their number of the lon-gitudinal threads per cm.
The number of diagonals per cm2 consisting of longitudi-nal floatings or cross floatings of the paper side or the distances thereof from one another is the measure for the ability of forming markings. The likelyhood for the appearance of undesired wire markings in the paper is increasing with the increasing distance between the diagonals or decreasing the number of diagonals.
The numbers of cross threads per cm on the paper side are in the known wires essentially smaller than in the wire according to the invention, so that in comparison with the finest wires of the prior art the stability of the wire according to the invention has essentially been increased with the consequence that under operating con-dition on the papermaking machine the extreme tension loads and wear occurrances are essentially longer sus-tained.
If the known wires according to Figs. 1 and 2 are com-pared with respect to the diagonal distance dl and d2, respectively, and with respect to the number of diago-nals of about 15, as can be gathered from Fig.5, and on the other hand about 13, as can be gathered from Fig.6, with the impression of the paper side of the wires ac-cording to the invention as shown by Fig.7, then one can realize-that the diagonal distance d3 is associated with about 17 diagonals. Thus, the following relationship can be stated: d3cdlcd2. The impressions of the paper side illustrated by Fig.5 through 7 are all enlarged and cor-respond to an area of 1 cm2. The numbers of the longitu-dinal threads are about 62/cm.
The embodiment of a wire according to the invention as enclosed in the above comparative table discloses the fact that the number of cross threads per cm should ad-vantageously at least be 60% of their number of the lon-gitudinal threads per cm.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION_ The invention relates to a double layered papermaking wire consisting of a set of longitudinal threads (yarns in machine direction) and a set of cross threads on the running side (yarns in cross machine direction) as well as a set of cross S threads on the paper side which consists of at least two groups of cross threads differing from one another with respect to the outwardly located length of f loatings.
For the manufacture of paper papermaking wires are used, by which the pulp suspension ls dewatered in a wet and strong paper layer i~ formed, which is fed on the wire to the pres~
equipment. For that purpose the wire has to corre~pond with respect to its dewatering capacity or its fiber retention capaclty, re~p~ctively, as well a~ with respect to its surface characterlstic6 and its stability to definite require~ents which have constantly changed during the course of the development of such papermaking wires because of the fact that the paperma~ers have always intended to increase the quality of the paper. Therefore, it has been imperative for the papermaker~ to bring their products in compliance with these increasing requirements, i.e. to continuously develop further the papermaking wires with raspect to the above mentioned properties.
131248~
In this connection lt has been found necessary to mainta~n a maximum dewatering capacity and stability of the wire and s~multaneously increase essentially the number of me3hes per cm2 area of the wire or fabric in order to galn a uniform as p~ssible fiber deposit and simultaneously a marking capability of the wire as small as possible. This has resulted in an increasing refinement of the wire fabrics.
Such a refinement, however, is limited by the fact that the diamQter of all threads must be decreased in such an extent as the refinement increa~ed, resulting in a rapid decrea~e of stability 80 that at the end the wire is no longer in a position to sustain the extreme t~nsion loads because of its wear or i8 in economical a~pects no longer u~eful becau~e of it~ very 3hort ~ervice l~fe.
D~SCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART:
It hae already b~en propQsed in the art ~IGeLm~ ~ published application 3,102,624; U.S. patent 4~2~ and ~uropean patent 85,363) to ov~rco~e the above mentioned drawbacks by interweave lnto a lon~itudlnal thread system alternatingly cross thread~ belonging to two di~ferent group~ of threads differing with respect to their floating l~ngths. The purpose o~ this construction i8 inter alia to attain ~ufflcient dewatering capacity with a great number of cross a;~
threads. This ~r~ has been apparently reached in certain ca~es. Thus, in a common double layered paperma~ing w~re the number of cross threads could be increased about 50%
retaining simultaneously the number of longitudinal thrQads and the diameter of the longitudinal thread~. Therefore, on the basis of the above the retention capacity of the wire for fibers could be improved in certain applications. In many case~, however, it was found to be disadvantageous that ~ u~J;~.;e~
especially in~papermaking machines ~ r~r~ 3 --the paper is provided wlth not acceptable markings as a con~equence of the strong and re~arkable geometrical dl~tribution of the floatings.
~ ,~
Accordingly, it i~ the ob~ect of the present invention to provide a papermakin~ wire or fabric, having an increased number of cross threads o~ the paper side, but no drawback~
o~ the above mention~d k~nd, especially no unacceptable decr~ase o~ ~tability of the wire and no mark~ng of the paper.
It is another object of the present invention to provide such a papermaking wire having excellent machine- and cross-machine-direction stability and long service life.
These and other objects are solved by a structure of the wire which is characterized therein that there are three groups of cross threads A, B, C on the paper side and that within a weave pattern each longitudinal thread is crossing over three succeeding cross threads on the pa-per side, thereafter crossing below three succeeding cross threads on the paper side, thereafter crossing over three succeeding cross threads on the paper side and after that extending between the cross threads on the paper side and the running side, simultaneously interlac-ing at least any cross thread on the running side.
Because of the fact that the several cross threads onthe paper side ~re distributed with respect to their frequency and related location within the weave pat-tern in such a way that at those points in which three succeeding cross threads on the paper side are crossedby a longitudinal threads, those threads, each of which belonging to another group of threads are located very closely adjacent to one another, contacting each other in special embodiments at least partly, an extremely great number of cross threads on the paper side is gained. On the other hand, the feature that at those points in which three succeeding cross threads on the paper side which are distantly separated from one an-other, are crossed below by a longitudinal thread, the dewatering capacity of the wire is maintained in a suf-ficient extent despite of the extreme great number of cross threads. From the above follows that the longitu-dinal floatings as well as the cross floatings of the paper side are located nearly in the same plane and are distributed in that plane very favorably, and that is one of the reasons why the drawback of an increased likelihood of marking i8 avoided in the papermaking wire according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWIN~S:
A better understanding of the invontion will be r~ached by reference to the following detailed description when read in conJunction with the accompanylng drawing~ in which:
Figure 1 i~ a cro~s ~ection of a known double layered pap~rma~lng wlre provided with only one group of cro~ threads on the paper side;
Figure 2 i8 a cr~ss ~ection of a further known double layered wire proYided with two group~ of çross thread~ on the paper ~ide;
Figure 3 is a sohematical view of one embodi~ent of th~ pa~er~aking wlre according to tho invention in form of a cro~6 ~action th~reof of a complete length of the w~av~ patt~rn;
Figur~ 4 1~ a schematical plan view of a detail of the wire of ~i~. 3 from th~ pap~r side thereof;
~i~ure 5 is an impression of the paper ~ide of the known wire according to Fig. l;
Fi~ure 6 is an impres~lon of the paper slde of a ~nown wire accordiny to Fig. 2, and ~igure ~ i8 an impression of the paper side according S to the wire of the invantion as shown in Fiys. 3 and 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION 0~ T~E PREFERRED EMBODIM~NT OF TBE
INV~NTION:
An impression o~ a known double lay~red wire provided with only two groups o2 croF.s threads ~, F on the paper ~ide is shown in Fig. 6. One drawback ob~erved is that because c.f the very small num~er of cro~ thr~ad~ on the runnlng ~ide of tho~ k~own wires the running tlme and there~ore the surface li~e of those wires i8 ~3sentially decr~a~ed. Fig. 2 shows lS the exten~ion of a longitudinal thread 3 of a known ~ouble lay~red wir~ provided with tWQ ~roup~ of cross threads E and F on the pap~r side ~if~ering with resp~ct to th4ir lengths of t~Qir outwardly located floating3. The cross threads of the paper side are distantly separatod ~rom one another. The nu~b-r o~ cro~ threads 4 on the running ~ide i8 because of th~ comparsbly ~reat distance very small.
In comparison to the known double layered papermaking wire 3hown in Fiy. 2 of the draw~ngs ~n cross section, the paper side o~ which i~ formed o~ two groups of cross threads E, F, the wire accordi~ to the inv~ntion i8 provided on the basis of the same num~er o~ longitudlnal thr~ads per cm with a number of cross thread~ per cm on the paper side a~ well as on the running side which is at least 15X ~reater. In compari~on wlth a known double layered papermaking wire shown S in Fig. 1 in cross section, all cross threads of which on the paper slde having the same type of binding, ~he wire according to the lnvention is provided on the basi~ of the same number of lon~itudinal thread~ per cm wlth a number of cross thread~ per cm on the paper side which 18 at least 80$
greater than that one of said wire.
The pap~r ma~ing wiro according to the invention as ~hown in Fis. 3 consists o~ a do~ble layered wire ha~ing a weave pattern provide with seven longitudinal threads and forty-two cros~ threadR. The drawing shows th~ exten~ion o~ two lS ad~acent longltuainal thread~ 6 and ~, ~hich are d~splaced w~th re~pect to one another by twelve or ~xteen respectively, cross threads on the p~por side. Moreover, th~
wir~ i~ provi~ed with cross threads 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, whlch di~fer ~rom one anotber wlth rcspect to th~ir diam~tors and/or material characteristics as well as their length of the ~loatin~3 insofar ~8 each of the thr~e cross threads 8, 9, 10 belongs to another group o~ cro~ thread6 A, B, C, whereas ~rom the cross thread~ 11, 12 and 13, the thrQads 11 and 13 b~long to the group of cros~ threads B and the threads 2S 12 belong to the groups of cross threads A or C, respectively, which are differing from one another with respect to the thread diameter as stated above.
As can be gathered from the drawings, within the weave pattern there are on the paper side three groups of cross threads A, B and C, and each longitudinal thread 6 and 7 is overcrossing each of the three cross threads 8, 9, 10, succeeding one another on the paper side, thereafter un-dercrossing three further cross threads 11, 12, 13 suc-ceeding one another on the paper side and thereafter over-crossing the following three cross threads 8, 9, 10 on the paper side, extending lateron between the cross thread set on the paper side and the running side, and interlacing with two cross threads 14 on the running side which are not succeeding one another and which can also be located in another position. The cross threads 8, 9, 10 on the paper side are very closely positioned so that they contact one another. Each of these three cross threads differs from the other two with respect to the length of its f10atings, and, as stated above, according to an advantage embodiment with respect to its diameter and/or its material. The undercrossing cross threads 11, 12, 13 foilowing the said cross threads are distantly se-parated from one another, each belonging to only two dif-ferent groups of threads, the structure being such that the two cross threads 11 and 13 are identical to one another with respect to their diameters, but may differ from the third cross thread 12 with respect to their ma-terial and/or their diameter.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the subject invention, each longitudinal thread may be interlaced by two cross threads on the running side which are not suc-ceeding one another, and each of these cross threads may be interlaced within the weave pattern by only one longi-tudinal thread. As can be gathered from Fig. 3, the lon-9 1 3 1 2~89 gitudinal threads are on the basis of the last mentionedprinciple interlaced two times by the lower layer of cross threads, so that between both interlacing points designated with 15 an outwardly directed force component is provided forcing the cross threads 5 positioned bet-ween those two interlacing points outwardly, if the wire is exposed to longitudinal tensions during the fixation process of the wire. This is the reason why an excellent papermaking wire of the cross thread runner-type is pro-vided according to the invention.
Fig. 4 shows a detailed view of the paper side of the wire according to the invention in order to illustrate the difference of the floating lengths of the three groups of cross threads A, B, C, as well as their fre-quency and distribution.
For special appliances in which a very great dewatering capacity is required, for instance on the manufacture of tissue-fabrics, the number of cross threads may be di-minished in usual manner in order to gain the required permeability.
The following table compares the characterizing features of the wires according to the invention with those fea-tures of the known wires as shown by Figs. 1 and 2 on the basis of the same numbers of longitudinal threads per cm and diameters of the longitudinal threads in mm.
, 1o Table for Comparison Prior art wires wires according to the invention Fig.l Fig.2 Fig.3 Number of the groups of cross threads on the lO paper side 1 2 3 Number of the longitu-dinal threads / cm 62 62 62 Diameter of the longi-tudinal threads (mm~ 0.17 0.17 0.17 Number of the cross threads on the paper side per cm 24 36 44 Number of the cross threads on the running side per cm 24 18 22 Diameter of the cross threa~s Qn the running side (mm) 0.20 0.20 0.22 Number of the fiber sup-porting longitudinal and cross floatings per cm2 on the paper side 425 478 585 Porosity~ folr air m2~s 22D0 2500 2300 Number of the diagonals 35 per cm2 consisting of longitudinal or cross floatings of the paper side15 13 17 ./ .
The number of diagonals per cm2 consisting of longitudi-nal floatings or cross floatings of the paper side or the distances thereof from one another is the measure for the ability of forming markings. The likelyhood for the appearance of undesired wire markings in the paper is increasing with the increasing distance between the diagonals or decreasing the number of diagonals.
The numbers of cross threads per cm on the paper side are in the known wires essentially smaller than in the wire according to the invention, so that in comparison with the finest wires of the prior art the stability of the wire according to the invention has essentially been increased with the consequence that under operating con-dition on the papermaking machine the extreme tension loads and wear occurrances are essentially longer sus-tained.
If the known wires according to Figs. l and 2 are com-pared with respect to the diagonal distance dl and d2, respectively, and with respect to the number of diago-nals of about 15, as can be gathered from Fig.5, and on the other hand abowt 13, as can be gathered from Fig.6, with the impression of the paper side of the wires ac-cording to the invention as shown by Fig.7, then one can realize that the diagonal distance d3 is associated with about l7 diagonals. Thus, the following relationship can be stated: d3 cdl c d2. The impressions of the paper side illustrated by Fig.5 through 7 are all enlarged and cor-respond to an area of l cm2. The numbers of the longitu-dinal threads are about 62/cm.
The embodiment of a wire according to the invention as enclosed in the above comparative table discloses the fact that the number of cross threads per cm should ad-vantageously at least be 60% of their number of the lon-gitudinal threads per cm.
The number of diagonals per cm2 consisting of longitudi-nal floatings or cross floatings of the paper side or the distances thereof from one another is the measure for the ability of forming markings. The likelyhood for the appearance of undesired wire markings in the paper is increasing with the increasing distance between the diagonals or decreasing the number of diagonals.
The numbers of cross threads per cm on the paper side are in the known wires essentially smaller than in the wire according to the invention, so that in comparison with the finest wires of the prior art the stability of the wire according to the invention has essentially been increased with the consequence that under operating con-dition on the papermaking machine the extreme tension loads and wear occurrances are essentially longer sus-tained.
If the known wires according to Figs. 1 and 2 are com-pared with respect to the diagonal distance dl and d2, respectively, and with respect to the number of diago-nals of about 15, as can be gathered from Fig.5, and on the other hand about 13, as can be gathered from Fig.6, with the impression of the paper side of the wires ac-cording to the invention as shown by Fig.7, then one can realize-that the diagonal distance d3 is associated with about 17 diagonals. Thus, the following relationship can be stated: d3cdlcd2. The impressions of the paper side illustrated by Fig.5 through 7 are all enlarged and cor-respond to an area of 1 cm2. The numbers of the longitu-dinal threads are about 62/cm.
The embodiment of a wire according to the invention as enclosed in the above comparative table discloses the fact that the number of cross threads per cm should ad-vantageously at least be 60% of their number of the lon-gitudinal threads per cm.
Claims (15)
1. Papermaking wire of a double layered fabric, consist-ing of a set of longitudinal threads and a set of cross threads on the running side of the wire as well a set of cross threads on the paper side of the wire, the last one consisting of at least two groups of cross threads differ-ing from one another with respect to the outwardly located floating lengths, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that there are three groups of cross threads A, B, C on the pa-per side and that within the weave pattern each longitudi-nal thread is crossing over three cross threads succeeding one another on the paper side and thereafter crossing be-low three cross threads succeeding one another on the pa-per side and thereafter crossing over three cross threads succeeding one another on the paper side and thereafter extending between the cross threads on the paper side and on the running side and interlacing at least any cross thread on the running side.
2. Papermaking wire according to claim 1, c h a r a c -t e r i z e d in that the cross threads within the weave pattern on the paper side are arranged such that at those points in which three cross threads of the paper side succeeding one another are crossed over by a longi-tudinal thread each of these three cross threads belongs to another group of cross threads A, B, C, these three cross threads contacting one another at least partly, whereas at those points, in which three cross threads on the paper side succeeding one another are crossed below by a longitudinal thread, two of these three cross threads belong to the same group of cross threads B and the cross threads are distantly separated from one another.
3. Papermaking wire according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that each longitudinal thread is displaced with respect to the preceding longi-tudinal thread by twelve cross threads on the paper side.
4. Papermaking wire according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that each longitudinal thread is displaced with respect to the preceding longi-tudinal thread by twelve cross threads on the paper side.
5. Papermaking wire according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that each longitudinal thread is displaced with respect to the preceding longi-tudinal thread by sixteen cross threads on the paper side.
6. Papermaking wire according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that each longitudinal thread is displaced with respect to the preceding longi-tudinal thread by sixteen cross threads on the paper side.
7. Papermaking wire according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the weave pattern in-cludes seven longitudinal threads and fourtytwo cross threads.
8. Papermaking wire according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that each longitudinal thread is interlaced by two cross threads on the running side which are not succeeding one another, wherein each of these cross threads is within the weave pattern inter-laced by only one longitudinal thread.
9. Papermaking wire according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that each longitudinal thread is interlaced by two cross threads on the running side which are not succeeding one another, wherein each of these cross threads is within the weave pattern inter-laced by only one longitudinal thread.
10. Papermaking wire according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the number of cross threads per cm wire length on the paper side corresponds at least 60 % of the number of longitudinal threads per cm wire width.
11. Papermaking wire according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the number of cross threads per cm wire length on the paper side corresponds at least 60 % of the number of longitudinal threads per cm wire width.
12. Papermaking wire according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the three groups of cross threads A, B, C on the paper side are differing from one another with respect to their physical charac-teristics as elongation, shrinkage and their thread dia-meters.
13. Papermaking according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the three groups of cross threads A, B, C on the paper side are differing from one another with respect to their physical charac-teristics as elongation, shrinkage and their thread dia-meters.
14. Papermaking wire according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the three groups of cross threads A, B, C on the paper side are differing from one another with respect to their thread diameters.
15. Papermaking wire according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the three groups of cross threads A, B, C on the paper side are differing from one another with respect to their thread diameters.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3713510.4 | 1987-04-22 | ||
| DE19873713510 DE3713510A1 (en) | 1987-04-22 | 1987-04-22 | PAPER MACHINE SCREEN FROM A DOUBLE-LAYER FABRIC |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1312489C true CA1312489C (en) | 1993-01-12 |
Family
ID=6326085
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000564771A Expired - Fee Related CA1312489C (en) | 1987-04-22 | 1988-04-21 | Double layered wire or fabric for papermaking machines |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4998568A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0287836B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH01183591A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE58404T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1312489C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3713510A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2018588B3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI89522B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO166242C (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2346489A1 (en) * | 1976-04-02 | 1977-10-28 | Martel Catala Et Cie Sa Ets | IMPROVEMENTS IN CANVAS FOR PAPER MACHINES AND THEIR MANUFACTURING PROCESSES |
| DE3036409C2 (en) * | 1980-09-26 | 1983-01-20 | Hermann Wangner Gmbh & Co Kg, 7410 Reutlingen | Double-layer screen for the screen part of a paper machine |
| US4421819A (en) * | 1982-02-23 | 1983-12-20 | Jwi Ltd. | Wear resistant paper machine fabric |
| US4564051A (en) * | 1983-07-16 | 1986-01-14 | Andreas Kufferath Gmbh & Co. Kg | Multiple ply dewatering screen particularly for a web forming part of a paper making machine |
| DE3615304A1 (en) * | 1986-05-06 | 1987-11-12 | Wangner Gmbh Co Kg Hermann | COVER FOR THE SHEET FORMING PART OF A PAPER MACHINE |
| DE3635632A1 (en) * | 1986-10-20 | 1988-04-21 | Wangner Gmbh Co Kg Hermann | COVER FOR THE SHEET FORMING PART OF A PAPER MACHINE |
-
1987
- 1987-04-22 DE DE19873713510 patent/DE3713510A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1988
- 1988-03-24 AT AT88104766T patent/ATE58404T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-24 EP EP88104766A patent/EP0287836B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-24 ES ES88104766T patent/ES2018588B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-24 DE DE8888104766T patent/DE3861047D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-08 US US07/179,564 patent/US4998568A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-20 JP JP63098016A patent/JPH01183591A/en active Pending
- 1988-04-21 FI FI881875A patent/FI89522B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-21 CA CA000564771A patent/CA1312489C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-21 NO NO881736A patent/NO166242C/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3713510A1 (en) | 1988-11-10 |
| EP0287836B1 (en) | 1990-11-14 |
| FI881875A0 (en) | 1988-04-21 |
| NO881736D0 (en) | 1988-04-21 |
| FI89522B (en) | 1993-06-30 |
| ATE58404T1 (en) | 1990-11-15 |
| US4998568A (en) | 1991-03-12 |
| NO881736L (en) | 1988-10-24 |
| NO166242B (en) | 1991-03-11 |
| EP0287836A1 (en) | 1988-10-26 |
| NO166242C (en) | 1991-06-19 |
| FI881875A (en) | 1988-10-23 |
| ES2018588B3 (en) | 1991-04-16 |
| JPH01183591A (en) | 1989-07-21 |
| DE3861047D1 (en) | 1990-12-20 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |