CA1315563C - Tunnel grouting method and apparatus - Google Patents
Tunnel grouting method and apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1315563C CA1315563C CA000614975A CA614975A CA1315563C CA 1315563 C CA1315563 C CA 1315563C CA 000614975 A CA000614975 A CA 000614975A CA 614975 A CA614975 A CA 614975A CA 1315563 C CA1315563 C CA 1315563C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cement
- gelling agent
- retarder
- selecting
- washout
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
- C09K17/42—Inorganic compounds mixed with organic active ingredients, e.g. accelerators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/38—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
- C04B24/383—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
Aqent's Ref: CBP179 ABSTRACT
A gelling agent is added to a fast setting cement slurry comprising water, cement and anti-washout retarder and the mix is injected into a void containing running water and allowed to set to form rapidly a material of high compressive strength.
LS/BW/27.9.89 CBP179.Abs
A gelling agent is added to a fast setting cement slurry comprising water, cement and anti-washout retarder and the mix is injected into a void containing running water and allowed to set to form rapidly a material of high compressive strength.
LS/BW/27.9.89 CBP179.Abs
Description
F~SROC INTERNATIONAL LIMITED Agent's Ref: CBPl79 GROUTING METHOD AND APPARATUS
The invention relates to a grouting method and apparatus J and in ~articular for the placement of self-setting cementitious grouts in wet conditions. In particular, the inven~ion is applicable to the placement of grout in the clearance or void between segmental blocks of a lining in a tunnel and the facing tunnel bore wall, and more especially to carrying out this step when a tunnel is being bored at a fast rate. One specific use of the invention is in the drilling of the Channel Tunnel where there can be a severe seepage of water into the clearance and despite t'nis the tunnel boring must be advanced at a fast rate.
US patsnt-A-3672173 published in 1972 is conc~rned with the formation of a self-supporting water-impermeable barrier in a mine passage by means of apparatus controlled from a remote location, e.g. outside the passage. In the method, an aqueous cement slurry is combined with an aqueous silicate solution to form a fast setting cement composition which is sprayed on to the floor and walls of the desired shape. The formed barrier is a rigid mass erosive to running water and able to withstand the hydrostatic pressures encountered within the passage after the barrier has been formed. Example l shows that under laboratory conditions a fast setting mixture was made up and allowed to thicken; the thickened mass was placed in water running at about 0.7 gallons/minute (3.15 litres per minute) and allowed to harden. About 4~ of the mass was washed away by erosion. The document teaches that fillers such as fly ash or silica flour can be added to retard the setting time and that bentonite can be included as a thixotropic agent. Our work has shown that such a composition cannot set in fast running water.
US patent-A-3483007 published in 1969 teaches that the addition of a hydroxyalkyl ether cellulose to an aqueous cement ~rout useful in well cementing will reduce the loss of liquid through porous earth walls defining the well bore. The cement solution comprised 100 parts cement, 35 to 65 parts water, at least 5 parts of a salt, and 0.01 to 2.5 parts of the cellulose.
US patent-A-4470463 published in 1984 relates to the cementing of deep wells in a weak formation not able to bear the weight of a dense cement. The document proposes the use of a lightweight cement slurry comprising 150 to 250 parts water, 100 parts cement, 10 to 15 parts bentonite, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of sodium silicate and 0.1 to 1.5 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose. In an example, Example 7, a slurry is pumped down 12000 feet (11076 metres) to return to the surface.
There is a problem in setting a cement in the presence of fast ... . . . .
running water present in a void when one is drilling in the void, e.g. a tunnel or like excavation, in order to form a structure such as a lining in the tunnel. The water emerges at a fast rate from the walls of the bore in the formation and of course where and when it emerges and how fast cannot be predicted. It has now been discovered, according to the invention, that by including a defined retarder in the cement grout and setting the cement by means of a gelling agent, one can cause the cement to set ~uickly and develop high early strength.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method of placing and setting a cementitious material in a void containing water, the method comprising supplying a cement grout of cement particles, water and an anti-washout retarder which will surround the particles to protect them from being washed out of the void, the retarder being present in an amount of about 0.25% by weight of the dry cement, and, at or immediately before placement adding a gelling agent therefor, the content of the gelling agent being selected relative to the retarder so that the cement will set rapidly to develop high compressive strength.
Preferably, the method includes the step of adjusting the content of gelling agent and of the anti-washout retarder so that the placed material will gel or set in about 10 to about 20 minutes after placement.
Preferably, the gelling agent is selected according to the nature of the self-setting material of the grout.
Most preferably the gelling agent is silicate or silica sol, or aluminum sulphate or magnesium sulphate or the like.
Because such agents tend to be rapid acting, the grout preferably contains an anti-washout retarder, e.g. a water soluble natural or synthetic polymer which will surround particles of the cement or other self-setting material to protect such particles from being washed out by the static 5 OI. flowing water present in the void. By adjustment of the quantity of the retarder, the quantity of the gelling agent relative to the dry cement or other hydraulic ingredients can be up to say 8%, preferab]y 3 or 4~, better to control the rate of placement.
The cement may be a cement such as Ordinary Portland Cement and a pozzolanic or like material such as pulverised fly ash, blast furnace slag or the like may be present in the grout. Sand and/or aggregates may be present. Preferably the retarder is selected so that the grout may be held in a holding tank for several hours, e.g. six. The anti-washout retarder may be a hydroxyethyl cellulose ether or the like.
Additives may be present provided that they do not significantly affect the rate of set or strength development of the cement composition. It is preferred to add an anti-foaming agent, to prevent air entrainment which would weaken the set material.
The formed composition of grout and gelling agent is preferably //
, ~ _ / ~
delivered to the void by injection. For this purpose the invention provides apparatus comprising delivery means for delivering the grout to a void and means for injecting a gelling ~gent at or immediately before placement. Most preferably the gelling agent is supplied to an inline mixer in the delivery means located at or near the outlet of the delivery means.
The void is usually present in an excavation, e.g. mine passage or a tunnel, and is usually the gap between the bore wall and the lining.
In order that the invention may be well understood it r~ill now be described by way of e~ample only with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional elevation of the grout preparation stage of the apparatus Oc the invention Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the circuit of the grout dispensing stage of the apparatus.
A tunnel boring machine (not shown) comprises a leading tunnel boring head, followed by a segment laying section and trailing section including apparatus for grouting the segments into position, laying rail track and the like. The machine measures about 25 metres long.
Tne segments are usually formed of concrete and are laid in ~ortions, three to the floor (the invert), two for the sides and then the top section. Grout is supplied from apparatus mounted on the trailing section via pipes which end in lances directed into the clearance between the outer wall of the segments and the facing wall of the bore. Often water has seeped or is flowing fast into that clearance before the grout is placed.
Figure 1 shows a portion of the trailing section. A storage hopper 1 contains a dry cementitious powder such as a pulverised fly ash/Ordinary Portland Cement mixture in the weight ratio of 3:1. Feeders 2, such as scroll mixers, lead from the storage hopper 1 to a top hopper 3 mounted abov~ and connected to two mixing chambers 4A, 4B. Each contains a mixing device 5, e.g. a paddle. The flow of powder is controlled by volumetric or weight flow meters 6. Water is supplied via pipes 7 into each mixing chamber 4A, 4B. A liquid solution containing an anti-washout retarder for the cement powder is present in a hopper 8 and is supplied into each mixing chamber 4A, 4B also under the control of a volume flowmeter 6. In operation, powder, water and 1 3~ 5563 retarder are dra-~n from their r~spective stores into mixing chambers in turn, and the ~ixed composition is then fed to a holding chamber 9. The chamber 9 is in circuit with a long pipe 10 having injection lances 11, some at the leading end for invert grouting and others at the trailing end for grouting between segmental rings. A pump 12 is present in the circuit. An inline static mixer 13 is present at the forward end of each lance 11, and is connected to an inlet 14 for a line 15 containing a liquid containing a gelling agent such as sodium silic~te, aluminium sulphate or the like. A water flushing pi2e 16 is present just rearwardly of the lance outlet.
In use, when one or more segments are placed, the operator activates the pump 12 using controls (not shown) to pump grout from the holding chamber 9 into the pipe 10 and the lances 11, and then gelling agent solution is supplied through the lance to the dispensed grout just before placement, the rate of addition of gelling agent being selected relative to the content of retarder in the grout so that the placed grout will gel and/or set in 10 to 15 minutes, despite the presence of any static or running water in the annulus between the segment and the bore wall. The cement, water, retarder and gelling agent are selected so that the set material will have a load bearing compressive strength after 24 hours of about 0.6 to 1 Newtontmm2 so that rail tracX can be laid on the floor segments whereby the tunnel boring machine can move forward at a predetermined rate. When the gelling agent (sodium silica sol) was added at the rate of 4%
vol/vol, the gel time was 20 minutes and the strength after 1 day was 1.92 N/mm2. The set material will attain a compressive strength after 28 days o~ about 6 to 8 N/mm2.
LS/BW/29.9.89 CBP179.Des
The invention relates to a grouting method and apparatus J and in ~articular for the placement of self-setting cementitious grouts in wet conditions. In particular, the inven~ion is applicable to the placement of grout in the clearance or void between segmental blocks of a lining in a tunnel and the facing tunnel bore wall, and more especially to carrying out this step when a tunnel is being bored at a fast rate. One specific use of the invention is in the drilling of the Channel Tunnel where there can be a severe seepage of water into the clearance and despite t'nis the tunnel boring must be advanced at a fast rate.
US patsnt-A-3672173 published in 1972 is conc~rned with the formation of a self-supporting water-impermeable barrier in a mine passage by means of apparatus controlled from a remote location, e.g. outside the passage. In the method, an aqueous cement slurry is combined with an aqueous silicate solution to form a fast setting cement composition which is sprayed on to the floor and walls of the desired shape. The formed barrier is a rigid mass erosive to running water and able to withstand the hydrostatic pressures encountered within the passage after the barrier has been formed. Example l shows that under laboratory conditions a fast setting mixture was made up and allowed to thicken; the thickened mass was placed in water running at about 0.7 gallons/minute (3.15 litres per minute) and allowed to harden. About 4~ of the mass was washed away by erosion. The document teaches that fillers such as fly ash or silica flour can be added to retard the setting time and that bentonite can be included as a thixotropic agent. Our work has shown that such a composition cannot set in fast running water.
US patent-A-3483007 published in 1969 teaches that the addition of a hydroxyalkyl ether cellulose to an aqueous cement ~rout useful in well cementing will reduce the loss of liquid through porous earth walls defining the well bore. The cement solution comprised 100 parts cement, 35 to 65 parts water, at least 5 parts of a salt, and 0.01 to 2.5 parts of the cellulose.
US patent-A-4470463 published in 1984 relates to the cementing of deep wells in a weak formation not able to bear the weight of a dense cement. The document proposes the use of a lightweight cement slurry comprising 150 to 250 parts water, 100 parts cement, 10 to 15 parts bentonite, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of sodium silicate and 0.1 to 1.5 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose. In an example, Example 7, a slurry is pumped down 12000 feet (11076 metres) to return to the surface.
There is a problem in setting a cement in the presence of fast ... . . . .
running water present in a void when one is drilling in the void, e.g. a tunnel or like excavation, in order to form a structure such as a lining in the tunnel. The water emerges at a fast rate from the walls of the bore in the formation and of course where and when it emerges and how fast cannot be predicted. It has now been discovered, according to the invention, that by including a defined retarder in the cement grout and setting the cement by means of a gelling agent, one can cause the cement to set ~uickly and develop high early strength.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method of placing and setting a cementitious material in a void containing water, the method comprising supplying a cement grout of cement particles, water and an anti-washout retarder which will surround the particles to protect them from being washed out of the void, the retarder being present in an amount of about 0.25% by weight of the dry cement, and, at or immediately before placement adding a gelling agent therefor, the content of the gelling agent being selected relative to the retarder so that the cement will set rapidly to develop high compressive strength.
Preferably, the method includes the step of adjusting the content of gelling agent and of the anti-washout retarder so that the placed material will gel or set in about 10 to about 20 minutes after placement.
Preferably, the gelling agent is selected according to the nature of the self-setting material of the grout.
Most preferably the gelling agent is silicate or silica sol, or aluminum sulphate or magnesium sulphate or the like.
Because such agents tend to be rapid acting, the grout preferably contains an anti-washout retarder, e.g. a water soluble natural or synthetic polymer which will surround particles of the cement or other self-setting material to protect such particles from being washed out by the static 5 OI. flowing water present in the void. By adjustment of the quantity of the retarder, the quantity of the gelling agent relative to the dry cement or other hydraulic ingredients can be up to say 8%, preferab]y 3 or 4~, better to control the rate of placement.
The cement may be a cement such as Ordinary Portland Cement and a pozzolanic or like material such as pulverised fly ash, blast furnace slag or the like may be present in the grout. Sand and/or aggregates may be present. Preferably the retarder is selected so that the grout may be held in a holding tank for several hours, e.g. six. The anti-washout retarder may be a hydroxyethyl cellulose ether or the like.
Additives may be present provided that they do not significantly affect the rate of set or strength development of the cement composition. It is preferred to add an anti-foaming agent, to prevent air entrainment which would weaken the set material.
The formed composition of grout and gelling agent is preferably //
, ~ _ / ~
delivered to the void by injection. For this purpose the invention provides apparatus comprising delivery means for delivering the grout to a void and means for injecting a gelling ~gent at or immediately before placement. Most preferably the gelling agent is supplied to an inline mixer in the delivery means located at or near the outlet of the delivery means.
The void is usually present in an excavation, e.g. mine passage or a tunnel, and is usually the gap between the bore wall and the lining.
In order that the invention may be well understood it r~ill now be described by way of e~ample only with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional elevation of the grout preparation stage of the apparatus Oc the invention Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the circuit of the grout dispensing stage of the apparatus.
A tunnel boring machine (not shown) comprises a leading tunnel boring head, followed by a segment laying section and trailing section including apparatus for grouting the segments into position, laying rail track and the like. The machine measures about 25 metres long.
Tne segments are usually formed of concrete and are laid in ~ortions, three to the floor (the invert), two for the sides and then the top section. Grout is supplied from apparatus mounted on the trailing section via pipes which end in lances directed into the clearance between the outer wall of the segments and the facing wall of the bore. Often water has seeped or is flowing fast into that clearance before the grout is placed.
Figure 1 shows a portion of the trailing section. A storage hopper 1 contains a dry cementitious powder such as a pulverised fly ash/Ordinary Portland Cement mixture in the weight ratio of 3:1. Feeders 2, such as scroll mixers, lead from the storage hopper 1 to a top hopper 3 mounted abov~ and connected to two mixing chambers 4A, 4B. Each contains a mixing device 5, e.g. a paddle. The flow of powder is controlled by volumetric or weight flow meters 6. Water is supplied via pipes 7 into each mixing chamber 4A, 4B. A liquid solution containing an anti-washout retarder for the cement powder is present in a hopper 8 and is supplied into each mixing chamber 4A, 4B also under the control of a volume flowmeter 6. In operation, powder, water and 1 3~ 5563 retarder are dra-~n from their r~spective stores into mixing chambers in turn, and the ~ixed composition is then fed to a holding chamber 9. The chamber 9 is in circuit with a long pipe 10 having injection lances 11, some at the leading end for invert grouting and others at the trailing end for grouting between segmental rings. A pump 12 is present in the circuit. An inline static mixer 13 is present at the forward end of each lance 11, and is connected to an inlet 14 for a line 15 containing a liquid containing a gelling agent such as sodium silic~te, aluminium sulphate or the like. A water flushing pi2e 16 is present just rearwardly of the lance outlet.
In use, when one or more segments are placed, the operator activates the pump 12 using controls (not shown) to pump grout from the holding chamber 9 into the pipe 10 and the lances 11, and then gelling agent solution is supplied through the lance to the dispensed grout just before placement, the rate of addition of gelling agent being selected relative to the content of retarder in the grout so that the placed grout will gel and/or set in 10 to 15 minutes, despite the presence of any static or running water in the annulus between the segment and the bore wall. The cement, water, retarder and gelling agent are selected so that the set material will have a load bearing compressive strength after 24 hours of about 0.6 to 1 Newtontmm2 so that rail tracX can be laid on the floor segments whereby the tunnel boring machine can move forward at a predetermined rate. When the gelling agent (sodium silica sol) was added at the rate of 4%
vol/vol, the gel time was 20 minutes and the strength after 1 day was 1.92 N/mm2. The set material will attain a compressive strength after 28 days o~ about 6 to 8 N/mm2.
LS/BW/29.9.89 CBP179.Des
Claims (10)
1. A method of placing and setting a cementitious material in a void containing water, the method comprising supplying a cement grout of cement particles, water and an anti-washout retarder which will surround the particles to protect them from being washed out of the void, the retarder being present in an amount of about 0.25% by weight of the dry cement, and, at or immediately before placement adding a gelling agent therefor, the content of the gelling agent being selected relative to the retarder so that the cement will set rapidly to develop high compressive strength.
2. A method according to Claim 1, including the step of adjusting the content of gelling agent and of the anti-washout retarder so that the placed material will gel or set in about 10 to about 20 minutes after placement.
3. A method according to Claim 1, including the step of adding an antifoaming agent to prevent air entrainment which would cause weakness in the set material.
4. A method according to Claim 1, including the step of selecting a silicate or silica sol as the gelling agent.
A method according to Claim 1, including the step of selecting aluminum sulphate or magnesium sulphate as the gelling agent.
6. A method according to Claim 1, including the step of selecting a hydroxycellulose ether as the anti-washout retarder.
7. A method according to Claim 1, including the step of selecting an anti-washout retarder to retard the setting for at least six hours.
8. A method according to Claim 1, including the step of selecting pulverized fuel ash and Ordinary Portland cement, in a weight ratio of 3:1 as the cement particles.
9. A method according to Claim 1, including pumping the grout to the void via a pipeline including an inline mixer present at or near the outlet end and injecting the gelling agent into the pipeline via the mixer.
10. A method according to Claim 1, including the step of selecting the cement particles anti-washout retarder and gelling agent so that the set material has a strength 24 hours after placement of at least 1 Newton/mm2.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB88.23195 | 1988-10-03 | ||
| GB8823195A GB2227263A (en) | 1988-10-03 | 1988-10-03 | Placement of grout in a void |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1315563C true CA1315563C (en) | 1993-04-06 |
Family
ID=10644644
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000614975A Expired - Fee Related CA1315563C (en) | 1988-10-03 | 1989-09-29 | Tunnel grouting method and apparatus |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4984933A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0364149B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1315563C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68900451D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK166453B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2028441T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2637318A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2227263A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO300677B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5125455A (en) * | 1991-01-08 | 1992-06-30 | Halliburton Services | Primary cementing |
| FR2709122B1 (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1995-09-29 | Sogea | Injection grout for the stabilization of structures, in particular tunnel linings under construction, and method of implementation. |
| US5407879A (en) * | 1993-09-29 | 1995-04-18 | American Colloid Company | Method of improving the contaminant resistance of a smectite clay by rewetting and impregnating the clay with a water-soluble polymer, and redrying the polymer-impregnated clay |
| US5437329A (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1995-08-01 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method and apparatus for activation of furnace slag base cement |
| US5645375A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-07-08 | Stephens; Patrick J. | Method and apparatus for grouting of tunnel liners |
| US5803665A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-09-08 | Stephens; Patrick J. | Method and apparatus for continuous production of quick-setting foamed cement grout with selectively adjustable proportions |
| US5667340A (en) * | 1995-09-05 | 1997-09-16 | Sandoz Ltd. | Cementitious composition for underwater use and a method for placing the composition underwater |
| US6897186B2 (en) | 1997-02-12 | 2005-05-24 | Kg International, Llc | Composition and method for dual function soil grouting excavating or boring fluid |
| WO1998034994A1 (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 1998-08-13 | Kb Technologies, Ltd. | Composition and method for a dual-function soil-grouting excavating or boring fluid |
| US7033430B2 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2006-04-25 | Minova International Limited | Cement-containing compositions and method of use |
| WO2009068380A1 (en) * | 2007-11-29 | 2009-06-04 | Construction Research & Technology Gmbh | Tunnel backfilling method |
| RU2476675C2 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2013-02-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Триада-Холдинг" | Method to erect underground mine with shield tunnelling |
| CN107555868A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-09 | 中交武汉港湾工程设计研究院有限公司 | Mortar is filled after a kind of foundation for laid pipe |
| CN109653792A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-04-19 | 内蒙古中科智能矿山科技有限公司 | A kind of construction machinery backfilling coal cutting roadway |
| CN111170711A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-05-19 | 河海大学 | Set-time-controllable grouting slurry for wall back grouting, grouting process and grouting device |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1139363A (en) * | 1965-02-27 | 1969-01-08 | Strabruken Ab | A finishing mortar |
| US3672173A (en) * | 1969-05-13 | 1972-06-27 | Halliburton Co | Forming self-supporting barriers in mine passages and the like |
| US4019327A (en) * | 1971-09-20 | 1977-04-26 | Thyssen (Great Britain) Limited | Mining |
| US3928052A (en) * | 1973-08-13 | 1975-12-23 | Halliburton Co | Methods and compositions for sealing subterranean earth formations |
| CA1132784A (en) * | 1978-07-06 | 1982-10-05 | Viktor F. Rogov | Rapid-setting dry packing mix for eliminating bore hole troubles and method of manufacture thereof |
| JPS55102677A (en) * | 1979-01-29 | 1980-08-06 | Chiyoda Chem Eng & Constr Co Ltd | Improvement in strength of hydrous soft ground |
| GB2058037B (en) * | 1980-08-15 | 1983-04-07 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | Compositions for stowing cavities |
| US4470463A (en) * | 1983-01-27 | 1984-09-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Well treating process and composition |
| US4480693A (en) * | 1983-12-23 | 1984-11-06 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Fluid loss control in oil field cements |
| EP0238485A1 (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1987-09-30 | Pumptech N.V. | Process for plugging a subterranean formation |
-
1988
- 1988-10-03 GB GB8823195A patent/GB2227263A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-03-01 FR FR8902666A patent/FR2637318A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-09-29 CA CA000614975A patent/CA1315563C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-02 NO NO893902A patent/NO300677B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-10-02 DK DK484289A patent/DK166453B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-10-02 US US07/415,945 patent/US4984933A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-03 EP EP19890310114 patent/EP0364149B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-03 DE DE8989310114T patent/DE68900451D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-03 ES ES89310114T patent/ES2028441T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4984933A (en) | 1991-01-15 |
| DK484289D0 (en) | 1989-10-02 |
| DK166453B1 (en) | 1993-05-24 |
| FR2637318A1 (en) | 1990-04-06 |
| GB8823195D0 (en) | 1988-11-09 |
| NO893902D0 (en) | 1989-10-02 |
| ES2028441T3 (en) | 1992-07-01 |
| GB2227263A (en) | 1990-07-25 |
| DK484289A (en) | 1990-04-04 |
| DE68900451D1 (en) | 1992-01-02 |
| EP0364149B1 (en) | 1991-11-21 |
| NO893902L (en) | 1990-04-04 |
| NO300677B1 (en) | 1997-07-07 |
| EP0364149A1 (en) | 1990-04-18 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |