CA1322307C - Medullary nail for the tibia - Google Patents
Medullary nail for the tibiaInfo
- Publication number
- CA1322307C CA1322307C CA000593621A CA593621A CA1322307C CA 1322307 C CA1322307 C CA 1322307C CA 000593621 A CA000593621 A CA 000593621A CA 593621 A CA593621 A CA 593621A CA 1322307 C CA1322307 C CA 1322307C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- nail
- segment
- range
- nail according
- end segment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/72—Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/72—Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices
- A61B17/7283—Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices with special cross-section of the nail
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION
A tibia intramedullary nail having proximal and distal end segments bent towards a center segment at angles of about -20°
and about +3°, respectively, and wherein the proximal end segment is about 142 mm long. The proximal end segment is longer than normal. It enters the medullary cavity much sooner whereby it prevents excessive bending or bending pressure on the intramedullary nail. The distal end segment serves as a gliding surface when the marrow stud is driven into the posterior cortex.
A tibia intramedullary nail having proximal and distal end segments bent towards a center segment at angles of about -20°
and about +3°, respectively, and wherein the proximal end segment is about 142 mm long. The proximal end segment is longer than normal. It enters the medullary cavity much sooner whereby it prevents excessive bending or bending pressure on the intramedullary nail. The distal end segment serves as a gliding surface when the marrow stud is driven into the posterior cortex.
Description
MEDULLARY NAIL FOR THE TIBIA
FI:E:LD OF TIIE INVENTION
The invention relates to a tibia intramedullary nail for use in osteosynthesis.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The most recent indications for the use of tibia intramedullary nails are simple horizontal or oblique fractures of the tibia, multistage breaks of the tibia shaft, and fragmented breaks of the tibia shaft. Because use of tibia intramedullary nails is now indicated for more fractures of the lower leg, a need to change the shape and nature of the nail has arisen. Formerly, the basic purpose of the nail was to immobilize the bone internally, with the axial force as well as torsional moments being borne by the bone itself. The only function o~ the nail was to maintain the longitudinal axis of the bone upright. This means that relatively thin, flexible nails could be used, which have the advantage that they can be adjusted to the medullary cavity.
This adjustment is particularly important in the insertion of the nail, since the entry point of the nail is not in line with the longitudinal axis of the bone. The entry point is located on the tuberositas tibia, slightly proximal to the patellar tendon attachment. After the medullary cavity has been ~3223~7 opened with an awl and the medullary cavity has been drilled, the nail is driven in. The problem with driving in the nail is that after crossing the medullary cavity, the nail reaches the posterior cortex, and can be driven in furthex only if its shape is deformed. With hard bones and young patients, the tip of the nail sometimes punctures the posterior cortex.
To prevent such a perforation of the posterior cortex, the method known as bunch-nailing (for example, according to German Auslegschrift AS 23 41 439) has been proposed. In this method, wires approximately 2.0 mm thick are pushed into the medullary cavity. The advantage of this method is that the individual wires are very flexible and can adjust well to the shape of the medullary cavity. In this known method, the medullary cavity is filled up with individual wires, whereupon it becomes possible to splint the bone. This method has become generally accepted in treating short oblique ~ractures in the mid-shaft range of the tibia. The disadvantages of this method become evident, howeYer, when a fragmented or multistage fracture must be treated. The individual wires are not sufficient to protect a fracture in the axial direction or in the rotational directionO
To preserve the length of the bone and to protect against rotational movements, only a sti~f and rigid implant is suitable, preferably one which may be locked by screws inserted proximally an~ distally to the fracture area.
The tibia intramedullary nails known in the prior art, which create an axial stability and a rotational stability of the ~ - 2 -: . ., . . ~
, : , ,, fracture, have a short proximal end segment, or crown hook, and a distal segment having a straight part with a rounded tip, which simplifies the stringing together of the fragments. However, as described above, these nails are rather severely deformed when inserted, so that the nail can bend plastically in the longitudinal direction.
If four-fifths of the tibia nail is driven in, the crown hook penetrates the tuberositas tibia, and thereby relieves the bending demand made upon the stud~ This relief can be such that when the stud is fully driven in, it lies loosely in the medullary cavity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENI'ION
The invention comprises a one-piece tibia intramedullary nail having proximal and distal end segments bent towards a center segment. The proximal end segment is bent at an angle in the range of about -10 to -20, preferably -20 and the distal end segment is bent at an angle in the range of about 2 to 4, preferably +3 from the central axis of the center segment. The proximal end segment, or crown hook, is much longer than those known in the art. It enters the medullary cavity much sooner, whereby it prevents excessive bending or bending pressure on the intramedullary nail. The distal end segment serves as a gliding surface when the marrow stud is driven into the posterior cortex.
.,~:.~
~,~
,. ~ ."
~ 322307 DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings wherein:
Fig. 1 is an elevational view, partly interrupted of a nail according to the invention, and Fig. 2 is a section along line II-II of Fig. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides an intramedullary nail for the treatment of lower leg fractures of all indications. Its shape is adapted to the anatomy of the medullary cavity and to the method of its implantation. Two advantages o~ this tibia nail are that it can be inserted into the medullary cavity without plastic d~formation and that it acts as a stable splint after its insertion.
The tibia nail according to the invention has a proximal segment, a control segment and a distal segment. The distal end segment is bent toward the central axis of the center segment.
This distal end segment prov des a sliding surface when the nail is driven into contact with the posterior cortex. The angle of impact of the nail is thus more acute, and the nail has a greater tendency to follow the geometry of the medullary cavity.
The proximal end segment, also called the crown hook, is a great d~al longer than those of tibia intramedullary nails known in the art. It penetrates the medullary cavity much earlier and thereby prevents an excessive bending of or bending pressure on ~ - 4 -~ . .
:, : . ,: ~
1~2~3~7 the nail. The three-point distortion o~ the nail when it is driven in is thereby greatly lessened. If the nail is fully driven in, this exceptionally long crown hook is adjacent to the anterior cortex. The advantage of this configuration is that the tibia has the best possible splint, even without supplementary elements.
When intramedullary nails known in the art are driven in, they twist, but then lie loose in the marrow space. Because of its anatomically adapted shape, a nail according to the invention can be inserted into the medullary cavity relatively simply and without excessive demands on the implant or the bone, and when it has been driven in, it forms a positive connection with the bone.
This basic difference has a still greater e~fect when ;mplanta-tion must be followed by a locking operation, in which the implant must secure the length as well as the rotation of the bone. These locking intramedullary nails have thicker walls, and thus their resistance to bending is approximately 80~ greater.
To implant a prior-art locking intramedullary nail, the operator had to drill 1.0-2.0 mm further into the medullary cavity than in normal cases. This procedure has the disadvantage that a relatively large amount of vital bone must be milled out, without achievement of greater stability of the osteosynthesis.
An intramedullary nail according to the invention has considerable advantages over the intramedullary bundle-nailing method. As mentioned eariler, in marrow bundle-nailing the splinting of the long bone is exclusively internal. In this ~ - 5 -,, :, ,:, , . , , : , . .
, , .: . ~ . , :: . . . ; . .
~322307 method, the marrow area, mostly undrilled, is filled with wiras approximately 2.0 mm thick. The quality of such an osteosynthesis is largely dependent on the surgeon's skill, because it is not easy to insert these wires into the medullary cavity without getting them crossed and thereby creating bottlenecks in the cavity through which no more wires can be fedO The indication for this nailing method is very limited, since the medullary cavity is hourglass-shaped and thus has only a short narrow segment that can be sufficiently filled with wires and can thus be stabilized. When using the intramedullary bundle-nailing method, it is not possihle to maintain the tibia length or to prevent rotation in the case of fragmented or multistage breaks. In caring for a multistage fracture, a fragmented fracture, or a fracture in a relatively distal or proximal location, both the length and the rotation can be secured by means of the tibia intramedullary nails according to the invention. The nail of the invention is optimally adapted to 'che anatomy, since it is a relatively stiff implant which can withstand the full load that bears on the tibia.
The forces operating on the tibia axially, as well as the torsional moments, are preferably carried via locking screws to the intramedullary nail. These locking screws are proximal and distal to the fracture zone, and guarantee optimum immobilization of the fracture.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are three holes at the proximal end of the nail, appropriately positioned ~ - 6 -: .
i '~ ' ` ; '', '~
.
~322~
in the frontal plane, which receive locking screwsO The advantage of thi~ configuration is that the drilling for the insertion of the screw can be done in the medial to lateral direction. The advantage of this orientation of the screws is that no blood vessels need be injured. The orientation of the proximal locking holes, at 90 to the longitudinal axis, facilitates the use of the same nails for both the right and the left tibiae.
The distal locking can be done in either the frontal or the sagittal planes. In very distal fractures, sagittal locking is preferred to front locking, since tissue coverage of the screw heads may be problematic.
In the use of short tibia intramedullary nails, tissue coverage in the sagittal plane is difficult. For this reason, in this type of locking, distal locking should appropriately be done in the medial to lateral direction.
Referring to the drawing, Figs. 1 and 2 show an intramedullary nail according to the invention. The nail may be made of any customary implant material. It is hollow. In a preferred embodiment the exterior diameter D at maximum thickness is 16 mm and the wall thickness d, is 1.2 mm, though in general the wall thickness can vary ~rom about 0.9 to about 1.3 mm, preferably from about 1.15 mm to about 1~25 mm.
The nail has a center segment 1, a proximal segment 2 and a distal segment 3.
. -: : , ~
: : : .. :
Preferably, proximal end segment 2 is bent at an angle, alpha, of about ~ 1 from the central axis 4 of center segment 1, and the distal end segment 3 is bent at an angle, beta, of about ~3 from central axis 4 of center segment 1. The angle alpha may vary within a range of about -10 to about -20, preferahly about -10 to about 12 or from about -13 to about ~17. Angle beta may vary within a range of about -13~ to about +4, a positive value indicating clockwise displacement from the axis of the central segment.
In a preferred embodiment, proximal end segment 2 has an overall length A of about 142 mm, and consists of a straight section 5 with a length A' of about 80 mm and a bent section 6 with a length A'' of about 66 mm which connects to the center segment 1. The radius of curvature (not indicated in the drawings) of bent section 6 is about 200 mm in a preferred embodiment, but may be varied in the range between about 180 and about 220 mm, preferably between about 195 and about 205 mm.
Length A of proximal end segment 2, or partial lengths A' and A'' of sections 5 and 6, are designed for a preferred total nail length, L, (A' + A'' + B + C) of about 220 mm. For nails having a different total length L (total lengths of up to about 420 mm are customary) pieces 5 and 6 are extended proportionally. Otherwise, length A of proximal end segment 2 can be varied, even with an overall length L of about 220 mm, 25 within a range of about 122-162 mm, preferably about 137-147 mm.
~ - 8 -... ..
, ~: . , . . "~,, ': ; ~
-: ~ , , .~, ' : ', " '' , ~ 132~0~7 The length ratio of the terminal straight piece 5 to the overall nail length L, A' :L, may vary between about 0.30 and about 0.40, preferably between about 0.33 and about 0.40 and most preferably between about 0.350 and about 0~377, while the length ratio of bent piece 6 to overall nail length L, A'':L, may vary between about 0.25 and about 0.31, preferably between about 0.270 and about 0.294.
In a preferred embodiment, the nail has three locking holes 7 in proximal and segment 2, and three locking holes 8 in the distal end segment 3, two in the frontal plane and one in the sagittal plane. The number of locking holes 7 and 8 can be varied according to proposed use and the overall length of the nail.
The tibia intramedullary nail according to the invention has a slot shaped recess 9 in the direction of central axis 4.
Recess 9 extends through center segment 1 to the tip of the distal end segment 3.
,
FI:E:LD OF TIIE INVENTION
The invention relates to a tibia intramedullary nail for use in osteosynthesis.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The most recent indications for the use of tibia intramedullary nails are simple horizontal or oblique fractures of the tibia, multistage breaks of the tibia shaft, and fragmented breaks of the tibia shaft. Because use of tibia intramedullary nails is now indicated for more fractures of the lower leg, a need to change the shape and nature of the nail has arisen. Formerly, the basic purpose of the nail was to immobilize the bone internally, with the axial force as well as torsional moments being borne by the bone itself. The only function o~ the nail was to maintain the longitudinal axis of the bone upright. This means that relatively thin, flexible nails could be used, which have the advantage that they can be adjusted to the medullary cavity.
This adjustment is particularly important in the insertion of the nail, since the entry point of the nail is not in line with the longitudinal axis of the bone. The entry point is located on the tuberositas tibia, slightly proximal to the patellar tendon attachment. After the medullary cavity has been ~3223~7 opened with an awl and the medullary cavity has been drilled, the nail is driven in. The problem with driving in the nail is that after crossing the medullary cavity, the nail reaches the posterior cortex, and can be driven in furthex only if its shape is deformed. With hard bones and young patients, the tip of the nail sometimes punctures the posterior cortex.
To prevent such a perforation of the posterior cortex, the method known as bunch-nailing (for example, according to German Auslegschrift AS 23 41 439) has been proposed. In this method, wires approximately 2.0 mm thick are pushed into the medullary cavity. The advantage of this method is that the individual wires are very flexible and can adjust well to the shape of the medullary cavity. In this known method, the medullary cavity is filled up with individual wires, whereupon it becomes possible to splint the bone. This method has become generally accepted in treating short oblique ~ractures in the mid-shaft range of the tibia. The disadvantages of this method become evident, howeYer, when a fragmented or multistage fracture must be treated. The individual wires are not sufficient to protect a fracture in the axial direction or in the rotational directionO
To preserve the length of the bone and to protect against rotational movements, only a sti~f and rigid implant is suitable, preferably one which may be locked by screws inserted proximally an~ distally to the fracture area.
The tibia intramedullary nails known in the prior art, which create an axial stability and a rotational stability of the ~ - 2 -: . ., . . ~
, : , ,, fracture, have a short proximal end segment, or crown hook, and a distal segment having a straight part with a rounded tip, which simplifies the stringing together of the fragments. However, as described above, these nails are rather severely deformed when inserted, so that the nail can bend plastically in the longitudinal direction.
If four-fifths of the tibia nail is driven in, the crown hook penetrates the tuberositas tibia, and thereby relieves the bending demand made upon the stud~ This relief can be such that when the stud is fully driven in, it lies loosely in the medullary cavity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENI'ION
The invention comprises a one-piece tibia intramedullary nail having proximal and distal end segments bent towards a center segment. The proximal end segment is bent at an angle in the range of about -10 to -20, preferably -20 and the distal end segment is bent at an angle in the range of about 2 to 4, preferably +3 from the central axis of the center segment. The proximal end segment, or crown hook, is much longer than those known in the art. It enters the medullary cavity much sooner, whereby it prevents excessive bending or bending pressure on the intramedullary nail. The distal end segment serves as a gliding surface when the marrow stud is driven into the posterior cortex.
.,~:.~
~,~
,. ~ ."
~ 322307 DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings wherein:
Fig. 1 is an elevational view, partly interrupted of a nail according to the invention, and Fig. 2 is a section along line II-II of Fig. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides an intramedullary nail for the treatment of lower leg fractures of all indications. Its shape is adapted to the anatomy of the medullary cavity and to the method of its implantation. Two advantages o~ this tibia nail are that it can be inserted into the medullary cavity without plastic d~formation and that it acts as a stable splint after its insertion.
The tibia nail according to the invention has a proximal segment, a control segment and a distal segment. The distal end segment is bent toward the central axis of the center segment.
This distal end segment prov des a sliding surface when the nail is driven into contact with the posterior cortex. The angle of impact of the nail is thus more acute, and the nail has a greater tendency to follow the geometry of the medullary cavity.
The proximal end segment, also called the crown hook, is a great d~al longer than those of tibia intramedullary nails known in the art. It penetrates the medullary cavity much earlier and thereby prevents an excessive bending of or bending pressure on ~ - 4 -~ . .
:, : . ,: ~
1~2~3~7 the nail. The three-point distortion o~ the nail when it is driven in is thereby greatly lessened. If the nail is fully driven in, this exceptionally long crown hook is adjacent to the anterior cortex. The advantage of this configuration is that the tibia has the best possible splint, even without supplementary elements.
When intramedullary nails known in the art are driven in, they twist, but then lie loose in the marrow space. Because of its anatomically adapted shape, a nail according to the invention can be inserted into the medullary cavity relatively simply and without excessive demands on the implant or the bone, and when it has been driven in, it forms a positive connection with the bone.
This basic difference has a still greater e~fect when ;mplanta-tion must be followed by a locking operation, in which the implant must secure the length as well as the rotation of the bone. These locking intramedullary nails have thicker walls, and thus their resistance to bending is approximately 80~ greater.
To implant a prior-art locking intramedullary nail, the operator had to drill 1.0-2.0 mm further into the medullary cavity than in normal cases. This procedure has the disadvantage that a relatively large amount of vital bone must be milled out, without achievement of greater stability of the osteosynthesis.
An intramedullary nail according to the invention has considerable advantages over the intramedullary bundle-nailing method. As mentioned eariler, in marrow bundle-nailing the splinting of the long bone is exclusively internal. In this ~ - 5 -,, :, ,:, , . , , : , . .
, , .: . ~ . , :: . . . ; . .
~322307 method, the marrow area, mostly undrilled, is filled with wiras approximately 2.0 mm thick. The quality of such an osteosynthesis is largely dependent on the surgeon's skill, because it is not easy to insert these wires into the medullary cavity without getting them crossed and thereby creating bottlenecks in the cavity through which no more wires can be fedO The indication for this nailing method is very limited, since the medullary cavity is hourglass-shaped and thus has only a short narrow segment that can be sufficiently filled with wires and can thus be stabilized. When using the intramedullary bundle-nailing method, it is not possihle to maintain the tibia length or to prevent rotation in the case of fragmented or multistage breaks. In caring for a multistage fracture, a fragmented fracture, or a fracture in a relatively distal or proximal location, both the length and the rotation can be secured by means of the tibia intramedullary nails according to the invention. The nail of the invention is optimally adapted to 'che anatomy, since it is a relatively stiff implant which can withstand the full load that bears on the tibia.
The forces operating on the tibia axially, as well as the torsional moments, are preferably carried via locking screws to the intramedullary nail. These locking screws are proximal and distal to the fracture zone, and guarantee optimum immobilization of the fracture.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are three holes at the proximal end of the nail, appropriately positioned ~ - 6 -: .
i '~ ' ` ; '', '~
.
~322~
in the frontal plane, which receive locking screwsO The advantage of thi~ configuration is that the drilling for the insertion of the screw can be done in the medial to lateral direction. The advantage of this orientation of the screws is that no blood vessels need be injured. The orientation of the proximal locking holes, at 90 to the longitudinal axis, facilitates the use of the same nails for both the right and the left tibiae.
The distal locking can be done in either the frontal or the sagittal planes. In very distal fractures, sagittal locking is preferred to front locking, since tissue coverage of the screw heads may be problematic.
In the use of short tibia intramedullary nails, tissue coverage in the sagittal plane is difficult. For this reason, in this type of locking, distal locking should appropriately be done in the medial to lateral direction.
Referring to the drawing, Figs. 1 and 2 show an intramedullary nail according to the invention. The nail may be made of any customary implant material. It is hollow. In a preferred embodiment the exterior diameter D at maximum thickness is 16 mm and the wall thickness d, is 1.2 mm, though in general the wall thickness can vary ~rom about 0.9 to about 1.3 mm, preferably from about 1.15 mm to about 1~25 mm.
The nail has a center segment 1, a proximal segment 2 and a distal segment 3.
. -: : , ~
: : : .. :
Preferably, proximal end segment 2 is bent at an angle, alpha, of about ~ 1 from the central axis 4 of center segment 1, and the distal end segment 3 is bent at an angle, beta, of about ~3 from central axis 4 of center segment 1. The angle alpha may vary within a range of about -10 to about -20, preferahly about -10 to about 12 or from about -13 to about ~17. Angle beta may vary within a range of about -13~ to about +4, a positive value indicating clockwise displacement from the axis of the central segment.
In a preferred embodiment, proximal end segment 2 has an overall length A of about 142 mm, and consists of a straight section 5 with a length A' of about 80 mm and a bent section 6 with a length A'' of about 66 mm which connects to the center segment 1. The radius of curvature (not indicated in the drawings) of bent section 6 is about 200 mm in a preferred embodiment, but may be varied in the range between about 180 and about 220 mm, preferably between about 195 and about 205 mm.
Length A of proximal end segment 2, or partial lengths A' and A'' of sections 5 and 6, are designed for a preferred total nail length, L, (A' + A'' + B + C) of about 220 mm. For nails having a different total length L (total lengths of up to about 420 mm are customary) pieces 5 and 6 are extended proportionally. Otherwise, length A of proximal end segment 2 can be varied, even with an overall length L of about 220 mm, 25 within a range of about 122-162 mm, preferably about 137-147 mm.
~ - 8 -... ..
, ~: . , . . "~,, ': ; ~
-: ~ , , .~, ' : ', " '' , ~ 132~0~7 The length ratio of the terminal straight piece 5 to the overall nail length L, A' :L, may vary between about 0.30 and about 0.40, preferably between about 0.33 and about 0.40 and most preferably between about 0.350 and about 0~377, while the length ratio of bent piece 6 to overall nail length L, A'':L, may vary between about 0.25 and about 0.31, preferably between about 0.270 and about 0.294.
In a preferred embodiment, the nail has three locking holes 7 in proximal and segment 2, and three locking holes 8 in the distal end segment 3, two in the frontal plane and one in the sagittal plane. The number of locking holes 7 and 8 can be varied according to proposed use and the overall length of the nail.
The tibia intramedullary nail according to the invention has a slot shaped recess 9 in the direction of central axis 4.
Recess 9 extends through center segment 1 to the tip of the distal end segment 3.
,
Claims (19)
1. An intramedullary nail comprising a proximal end segment, a distal end segment and a center segment having a central axis, wherein the proximal and distal end segments are bent towards the center segment and wherein:
the proximal end segment diverges from the central axis of the center segment at an angle in the range of about 10° to about -20° and comprises a straight terminal portion, and a bent portion, said bent portion being connected to the center segment with the ratio of the length of the straight terminal portion to the overall length of the nail being the range between about 0.30 and about 0.40;
the distal end segment diverges from the central axis of the center segment at an angle in the range of about 2° to about 4°; and the proximal end segment has a length in the range of about 122 to about 162 mm.
the proximal end segment diverges from the central axis of the center segment at an angle in the range of about 10° to about -20° and comprises a straight terminal portion, and a bent portion, said bent portion being connected to the center segment with the ratio of the length of the straight terminal portion to the overall length of the nail being the range between about 0.30 and about 0.40;
the distal end segment diverges from the central axis of the center segment at an angle in the range of about 2° to about 4°; and the proximal end segment has a length in the range of about 122 to about 162 mm.
2. A nail according to claim 1 wherein the angle between the proximal end segment and the center segment is in the range of about -13° to about -17°.
3. A nail according to claim 1 wherein the angle between the proximal end segment and the center segment is in the range of about -10° to about -12°.
4. A nail according to claim l wherein the length of the proximal end segment is in the range of about 137 to about 147mm.
5. The nail according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of the length of the straight terminal portion to the overall length of the nail is in the range between about 0.33 and 0.40.
6. A nail according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of the length of the straight terminal portion to the overall length of the nail is in the range between about 0.350 and about 0.377.
7. A nail according to claim l wherein the ratio between the bent portion and the overall nail length is in the range between about 0.25 and about 0.31.
8. A nail according to claim 7 wherein the ratio is in the range between about 0.270 and about 0.294.
9. A nail according to claim l wherein the proximal end segment has at least one locking hole.
10. A nail according to claim 9 wherein the proximal end segment has three locking holes.
11. A nail according to claim 1 wherein the distal end segment has at least one locking hole.
12. A nail according to claim 11 wherein the distal end segment has two locking holes.
13. A nail according to claim 9 wherein the locking hole or holes are positioned in the frontal plane.
14. A nail according to claim 11 wherein the locking hole or holes are positioned in the frontal plane.
15. A nail according to claim 14 wherein there is a locking hole in the sagittal plane.
16. A nail according to claim 1 wherein the nail is tubular and the thickness of the tube wall is in the range between about 0.9 and about 1.3 mm.
17. A nail according to claim 16 wherein the wall thickness is in the range between about 1.15 and about 1.25 mm.
18. A nail according to claim 1 wherein the radius of curvature of the bend of the bent piece connected to the center segment is in the range between about 180 and about 220 mm.
19. A nail according to claim 18 wherein the radius of curvature is between about 195 and about 205 mm.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH00953/188-8 | 1988-03-14 | ||
| CH953/88A CH674613A5 (en) | 1988-03-14 | 1988-03-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1322307C true CA1322307C (en) | 1993-09-21 |
Family
ID=4199015
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000593621A Expired - Lifetime CA1322307C (en) | 1988-03-14 | 1989-03-14 | Medullary nail for the tibia |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5041115A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0332857A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH01277551A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1322307C (en) |
| CH (1) | CH674613A5 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102784002A (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-11-21 | 北京纳通科技集团有限公司 | Tibial intramedullary nail |
Families Citing this family (75)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH683065A5 (en) * | 1990-03-20 | 1994-01-14 | Synthes Ag | Tibial intramedullary nail with adapted cross-section. |
| US5248313A (en) * | 1991-04-17 | 1993-09-28 | Greene Bruce L | Fibular intramedullary rod |
| DE9115200U1 (en) * | 1991-12-07 | 1992-02-13 | Howmedica Gmbh, 2314 Schoenkirchen, De | |
| US5179915A (en) * | 1992-01-06 | 1993-01-19 | Osteonics Corporation | Anatomically matching intramedullary alignment rod |
| ES2129067T3 (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1999-06-01 | Aap Implantate Ag | MARROW NAIL. |
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- 1989-02-14 EP EP89102491A patent/EP0332857A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-03-09 JP JP1055249A patent/JPH01277551A/en active Pending
- 1989-03-14 CA CA000593621A patent/CA1322307C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1990
- 1990-05-30 US US07/530,270 patent/US5041115A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102784002A (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-11-21 | 北京纳通科技集团有限公司 | Tibial intramedullary nail |
| CN102784002B (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2015-03-11 | 北京纳通科技集团有限公司 | Tibial intramedullary nail |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5041115A (en) | 1991-08-20 |
| EP0332857A1 (en) | 1989-09-20 |
| JPH01277551A (en) | 1989-11-08 |
| CH674613A5 (en) | 1990-06-29 |
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