CA1322848C - Agroblock, such as agroplug, agroplug system and a plug strip therefor - Google Patents
Agroblock, such as agroplug, agroplug system and a plug strip thereforInfo
- Publication number
- CA1322848C CA1322848C CA000604884A CA604884A CA1322848C CA 1322848 C CA1322848 C CA 1322848C CA 000604884 A CA000604884 A CA 000604884A CA 604884 A CA604884 A CA 604884A CA 1322848 C CA1322848 C CA 1322848C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- agroblock
- agroplug
- weight
- amounts
- mineral wool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0295—Units comprising two or more connected receptacles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/18—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing inorganic fibres, e.g. mineral wool
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
The invention relates to an agroblock comprising an inorganic soil type, such that the agroblock is substantially form-retaining at any moisture content and that at a suction pressure of pF 2 the moisture content amounts to at least 15%
by volume.
Preferably the agroblock comprises a homogeneous mixture of mineral wool and said inorganic soil type, wherein the quantity of mineral wool amounts to 0-90% by weight, and the amount of soil type amounts to 100-10% by weight.
The invention relates to an agroblock comprising an inorganic soil type, such that the agroblock is substantially form-retaining at any moisture content and that at a suction pressure of pF 2 the moisture content amounts to at least 15%
by volume.
Preferably the agroblock comprises a homogeneous mixture of mineral wool and said inorganic soil type, wherein the quantity of mineral wool amounts to 0-90% by weight, and the amount of soil type amounts to 100-10% by weight.
Description
~32~848 Agroblock, such as agroplug, agroplug system and a plug strip therefor.
____________________________________._______ The present invention relates to an agroblock.
An agroblock is intended to grow plants in and an agroplug is specifically intended for making seed germinate and root in a carrier medium, in particular under determined conditions. The plug is subsequently planted out in the open field with the plant growing therein, preferably in auto-mated manner. During the first days after planting out the plant must have sufficienk water available in order to enable inter alia the root forming into the open ground, so that from then on the plant can extract water and nutrients from the ground.
The consequence of all this is that after placing in the open field the agroplug may not be drained dry by the surrounding open ground but must preferably be capable of itself extracting water from the open ground.
The agroblock must of course possess a structure such that plants can grow and seed can germinate and root, and that in addition root development is substantially not impeded.
Materials to be used for the agroblock may not be toxic or cause any spontaneous bacteria and/or mould growth.
Since after receiving a plant or a seed an agroblock is regularly provided with water through spraying the leaching of agroplug components has to be as small as possi-ble, in preference less than lO and more preferably less than 5% by weight based on the total weight of the agroplug.
In order to enable automated handling and planting out of an agroplug, the plug must be deformable only to a limited extent, even after saturation with water, and it must preferably be possible to grip the agroplug with mecha-nical elements without it thereby falling apart.
' ', ~ '' ' .
. ' - ' A preferred property furt~er is that the plug disinte-grates in the ground within a period of time of for example six months and that no or hardly any trace thereof is later found.
It has been found after long-term research that an agroblock and agroplug satisfy these conditions if use is made of an inorganic soil type, such that the agroplug is substantially form-retaining at any moisture content and that at a suction pressure of pF 2.0 the moisture content amounts to at least 15% by volume.
The soil type comprises soil materials comprising hydrophillic particles of a particle size below 2~ micro-meter, belonging to the class of eroded minerals, such as clays, mixtures of clay with silt and sand having a clay fraction removable as sludge of at least 20%, and further bentonite, kaolin and the like. Particularly suitable are different naturally occurring types of clay or mixtures thereof, such as young sea clay. Examples are clays comprising 0-100%, preferably 10-50%, most preferable particles smaller than 20~m.
Preferably the agroblock comprises a homogeneous mixture of mineral wool and said inorganic soil type.
Accordingly the rigidity and form retaining capacity are improved.
Depending on the type of the open field into which the agroblocks and agroplugs are planted out (sand soil or clay soil) it can be of advantage if at a pF of 2 the moisture content amounts to at least 15% by volume, or in the case of for instance heavy sea clay, to at least 20% by volume. Most preferably the moisture content is at least 25% by volume at pF 2.
Depending on the type of open ground, and in addition on the kind of soil type (clay fraction) to be used, the quantity of mineral wool (fibre diameter 2-10 micrometer;
fibre length 0.02-3 cm) may amount in general to 0-90% by weight, more particularly to 10-50% by weight, and prefer-ably to 10-25% by weight. The amount of soil type thereby 13~2~
required am~unts to 100-10% by weight, more particularly to 9C-50% by weight and preferably 90-75% by weight.
In order to improve the cohesion of the agroblock it is recommended that under particular conditions a binder be added thereto. This binder can amount, depending on the nature of the binder and the soil type used, to 15% by weight, preferably 2-10% by weight and more preferably 3-7%
by weight.
As binder may be used latexes, silicates, acrylates and methacrylates, in addition to conventional resins used during the preparation of mineral wool.
Illustrative examples for the binder are:
- polyacrylic esters, polystyrene, polyurethane;
- starch originating from potatoes, corn, such as cationic starch (Fibran, National Starch, both trademarks);
- water soluble cellulose ethers, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose;
- water glass and derivatives;
- copolymers such as vinylchloride/vinylacetate;
- water soluble latexes, such as styrene butadiene rubber, latex comprising carboxyl groups, polychloroprene latex;
- water solublP polyvinyl alcohol;
- water soluble polyvinyl pyrrolidon; and - ureaformaldehyd resin or polyphenol formaldehyd resin.
The density of the agroblock is determined mainly by the quantity of inorganic raw material and particularly by the clay content. With an increase in the density the inter-nal surface area increases and thereby the water retaining capability. Speaking generally, for each application the density lies between 250-llO0 kg/m3, more preferably between 300-900 kg/m3 and under specific application between 500-850 kg/m3.
The internal surface area of the agroblock is moreover also partially determined by the porosity, which is further of influence on the root development and the cohesion of the : - . , , . .. :
,- ' ' , . ' .
' , . . .
1322~
agroplug. Po~osity therefore usually amounts tG 50%, is preferably 60% and more preferably 70%.
In the handling and planting out of the agroplug force is exerted mainly in lengthwise direction thereof. ~he tensile strength of such an agroplug is optimal if the fibre direction of the mineral wool consisting of fibres extends therein substantially in the height direction of the agro-plug.
Preferably used are rockwool granulates of which the interstitial space can be optimally filled with the soil type.
Since an agroplug preférably has a cylindrical and conical form it will suspend freely in passage openings of strips and be easy to arrange in and remove from said strips.
The invention further relates to an agroplug system comprising a tray provided with at least one groove in which agroplugs accommodated in plug passage openings of a plug strip hang freely downward. If in preference the plug passage openings are located in a recessed strip portion that extends above the top end of the agroplug accommodated in the plug passage openings, the agroplug can be easily and sufficiently provided with water, while handling is optimal.
Finally, the invention relates to a plug strip for use in the agroplug system.
Mentioned an other features will be elucidated herein-after on the basis of an embodiment of the agroplug system and experimental examples of the agroplug according to the invention. Reference is hereby made to the annexed drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a perspective partly broken away view of the agroplug system;
Fig. ~ shows on a larger scale a partly broken away view of detail II from fig. l; and Fig. 3 shows a perspective partly broken away view of the planting out of the agroplug.
13228~
In the manufacture o~ the agroplug (~ 3 cm; length 7 cm) according to the invention use can be made in accordance with a pre~erred embodiment of the so-called wet method. A
mix-ture of young sea clay and rockwool is added to water and formed to a slurry. 5% by weight of binder (latex) is added to this slurry and mixed with it for some time. The mineral wool and the clay particles settle substantially with the same settling speed, with the result that a homogeneous mixture of mineral wool and clay particles is created and the above mentioned water is substantially clear. The water is then filtered off by suction through the settled layer which through further suction is dried and compacted.
Depending on the application the formed layer can be further compressed in order to increase the density, dried and processed into agroplugs.
Table l shows a number of agroplugs (# 3-8) according to the invention and other plugs not according to the inven-tion, which have been tested for density and water retaining capability (determined at a pF of 2.0, or lO0 cm water column).
In order to determine the water retaining capability the plugs were saturated with water for approximately 2 hours and in a pF measuring container the quantity of water retained was determined at a pF of 2.
The plug consisting of 100% mineral wool contained no water at a pF of 2 and is therefore unsuitable. In the case of agroplugs 3-5 the effect of the density on water retaining capability is clearly visible.
From a comparison of the agroplug 4 with the "Vienna roll" plug lO the effect of homogeneity on the water retaining capability will become apparent.
Table 2 shows the effect of another soil type used on the water retaining capability. The agroplugs were formed using the above described preparation procedure and clay comprising 25-30% particles smaller than 20 micrometer. The agroplugs # 13-15 fulfill the requirements of the present invention.
, ~32~8 To sum up, it has been found that when the soil into which the agroplug is placed has a high moisture pressure the agrGplug according to the invention can be adapted thereto by adapting the quantity of soil type relative to the quantity of mineral wool and/or by increasing the density.
Fig. 1 shows the agroplug system according to the invention.
The agroplug system 1 comprises a tray 2 with parallel ridges 3 which are furnished with recesses 4 in which rests a plug strip 5 with its longitudinal edges 6, the strip not thereby protruding above the upper surface 8 of tray 2.
As is shown in more detail in fig. 2 the plug strip 5 comprises circular round plug passage openings 9 with a downward converglng passage opening edge 10 which makes a clamp fitting with the exterior surface of the agroplug 11 which consists of a congruent, homogeneous mixture of mineral wool 12 and inorganic soil type, namely clay 13, entangled therein. The plug passage opening 9 lies in a recessed strip portion 14 so that the upper surface 16 of agroplug 11 provided with a seed cavity 15 lies beneath the top surface 17 of plug strip 5. l'he recessed portion 14 round the agroplug 11 forms a temporary water reservoir.
After germination and rooting of a seed 18 with the forming of a root system 19 and a young plant 20, the agroplug 11 can be pressed downward wholly mechanically out of the plug strip 5 and placed in the open field 21. Sinca according to the invention the suction pressure of the agroplug 11 and the open ground 21 are geared to one another, there will be, as a consequence of the resulting capillary dynamics, a sufficiently high moisture content present in the agroplug until the roots have grown into the open field. Thus avoided in the first instance is a withering and dying of the planted out plant, or in less serious circumstances a tempo-rary slow-down in growth.
If desired a fertilizer or mixture of fertilizers may be added to the mixture of soil and mineral wool from which ~3~2~8 the agroblock is formed. These fertilizers are of a conven-tional type and used to impart the agroblock additional nitrogen-, phosphorus, and/or potassium containing compounds and/or trace elements beneficial to or promoting plant growth and/or seed germination. Accordingly, the grower may just add water to the agrosystem.
Although the agroblock is primarily used as agroplug other forms may be just in holders for household plant growing, for green noise insulating walls and the like.
,. ll .~ 11 ., ll ,~ 11 o ~a ll , !l 0 ~0 lll ~J ~ 11 0 00 0 ~ ~t Q) ., ~I
~ J 11 a ~ l~
ll bO C ~ 11 ~:
.,~ .,, 'J e rl U) b4 11 O0 ~ 11 .,, O O O O O O O O O
~o Q~`_ 1l n c~l ~ ~ oo ~o ~ ~o ~ ~
~ ~ C~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o :n bO,O ll O
.~ ~ 11 O
O tl5 I ~ e-l U~ ~ 11 0 0 ~~ U~ U) O O - O t~ o " ~ ~ n r~~ I~ ~ O ~
!l C: - 3 t~1 ~ 11 0 0 u~ U') .r~ U') O O O o C S.~ ~
h C ::~ ta 1~ !~ o~n~ _ "~ul ~-~0 o a) ~ 11 a a s~ 1 o 11 o O
Table 2: water retaining capability of agroplugs according to the invention using clay comprising 25-30%
particles smaller than 20 ~ .
-- _ mineral wool water retaining (granulate) clay density capability #(%) (%) ~kg/m3) (vol.%, pF=2) ============================================================
--*****
:
- , . .
.. ,,. ~ .
"
____________________________________._______ The present invention relates to an agroblock.
An agroblock is intended to grow plants in and an agroplug is specifically intended for making seed germinate and root in a carrier medium, in particular under determined conditions. The plug is subsequently planted out in the open field with the plant growing therein, preferably in auto-mated manner. During the first days after planting out the plant must have sufficienk water available in order to enable inter alia the root forming into the open ground, so that from then on the plant can extract water and nutrients from the ground.
The consequence of all this is that after placing in the open field the agroplug may not be drained dry by the surrounding open ground but must preferably be capable of itself extracting water from the open ground.
The agroblock must of course possess a structure such that plants can grow and seed can germinate and root, and that in addition root development is substantially not impeded.
Materials to be used for the agroblock may not be toxic or cause any spontaneous bacteria and/or mould growth.
Since after receiving a plant or a seed an agroblock is regularly provided with water through spraying the leaching of agroplug components has to be as small as possi-ble, in preference less than lO and more preferably less than 5% by weight based on the total weight of the agroplug.
In order to enable automated handling and planting out of an agroplug, the plug must be deformable only to a limited extent, even after saturation with water, and it must preferably be possible to grip the agroplug with mecha-nical elements without it thereby falling apart.
' ', ~ '' ' .
. ' - ' A preferred property furt~er is that the plug disinte-grates in the ground within a period of time of for example six months and that no or hardly any trace thereof is later found.
It has been found after long-term research that an agroblock and agroplug satisfy these conditions if use is made of an inorganic soil type, such that the agroplug is substantially form-retaining at any moisture content and that at a suction pressure of pF 2.0 the moisture content amounts to at least 15% by volume.
The soil type comprises soil materials comprising hydrophillic particles of a particle size below 2~ micro-meter, belonging to the class of eroded minerals, such as clays, mixtures of clay with silt and sand having a clay fraction removable as sludge of at least 20%, and further bentonite, kaolin and the like. Particularly suitable are different naturally occurring types of clay or mixtures thereof, such as young sea clay. Examples are clays comprising 0-100%, preferably 10-50%, most preferable particles smaller than 20~m.
Preferably the agroblock comprises a homogeneous mixture of mineral wool and said inorganic soil type.
Accordingly the rigidity and form retaining capacity are improved.
Depending on the type of the open field into which the agroblocks and agroplugs are planted out (sand soil or clay soil) it can be of advantage if at a pF of 2 the moisture content amounts to at least 15% by volume, or in the case of for instance heavy sea clay, to at least 20% by volume. Most preferably the moisture content is at least 25% by volume at pF 2.
Depending on the type of open ground, and in addition on the kind of soil type (clay fraction) to be used, the quantity of mineral wool (fibre diameter 2-10 micrometer;
fibre length 0.02-3 cm) may amount in general to 0-90% by weight, more particularly to 10-50% by weight, and prefer-ably to 10-25% by weight. The amount of soil type thereby 13~2~
required am~unts to 100-10% by weight, more particularly to 9C-50% by weight and preferably 90-75% by weight.
In order to improve the cohesion of the agroblock it is recommended that under particular conditions a binder be added thereto. This binder can amount, depending on the nature of the binder and the soil type used, to 15% by weight, preferably 2-10% by weight and more preferably 3-7%
by weight.
As binder may be used latexes, silicates, acrylates and methacrylates, in addition to conventional resins used during the preparation of mineral wool.
Illustrative examples for the binder are:
- polyacrylic esters, polystyrene, polyurethane;
- starch originating from potatoes, corn, such as cationic starch (Fibran, National Starch, both trademarks);
- water soluble cellulose ethers, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose;
- water glass and derivatives;
- copolymers such as vinylchloride/vinylacetate;
- water soluble latexes, such as styrene butadiene rubber, latex comprising carboxyl groups, polychloroprene latex;
- water solublP polyvinyl alcohol;
- water soluble polyvinyl pyrrolidon; and - ureaformaldehyd resin or polyphenol formaldehyd resin.
The density of the agroblock is determined mainly by the quantity of inorganic raw material and particularly by the clay content. With an increase in the density the inter-nal surface area increases and thereby the water retaining capability. Speaking generally, for each application the density lies between 250-llO0 kg/m3, more preferably between 300-900 kg/m3 and under specific application between 500-850 kg/m3.
The internal surface area of the agroblock is moreover also partially determined by the porosity, which is further of influence on the root development and the cohesion of the : - . , , . .. :
,- ' ' , . ' .
' , . . .
1322~
agroplug. Po~osity therefore usually amounts tG 50%, is preferably 60% and more preferably 70%.
In the handling and planting out of the agroplug force is exerted mainly in lengthwise direction thereof. ~he tensile strength of such an agroplug is optimal if the fibre direction of the mineral wool consisting of fibres extends therein substantially in the height direction of the agro-plug.
Preferably used are rockwool granulates of which the interstitial space can be optimally filled with the soil type.
Since an agroplug preférably has a cylindrical and conical form it will suspend freely in passage openings of strips and be easy to arrange in and remove from said strips.
The invention further relates to an agroplug system comprising a tray provided with at least one groove in which agroplugs accommodated in plug passage openings of a plug strip hang freely downward. If in preference the plug passage openings are located in a recessed strip portion that extends above the top end of the agroplug accommodated in the plug passage openings, the agroplug can be easily and sufficiently provided with water, while handling is optimal.
Finally, the invention relates to a plug strip for use in the agroplug system.
Mentioned an other features will be elucidated herein-after on the basis of an embodiment of the agroplug system and experimental examples of the agroplug according to the invention. Reference is hereby made to the annexed drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a perspective partly broken away view of the agroplug system;
Fig. ~ shows on a larger scale a partly broken away view of detail II from fig. l; and Fig. 3 shows a perspective partly broken away view of the planting out of the agroplug.
13228~
In the manufacture o~ the agroplug (~ 3 cm; length 7 cm) according to the invention use can be made in accordance with a pre~erred embodiment of the so-called wet method. A
mix-ture of young sea clay and rockwool is added to water and formed to a slurry. 5% by weight of binder (latex) is added to this slurry and mixed with it for some time. The mineral wool and the clay particles settle substantially with the same settling speed, with the result that a homogeneous mixture of mineral wool and clay particles is created and the above mentioned water is substantially clear. The water is then filtered off by suction through the settled layer which through further suction is dried and compacted.
Depending on the application the formed layer can be further compressed in order to increase the density, dried and processed into agroplugs.
Table l shows a number of agroplugs (# 3-8) according to the invention and other plugs not according to the inven-tion, which have been tested for density and water retaining capability (determined at a pF of 2.0, or lO0 cm water column).
In order to determine the water retaining capability the plugs were saturated with water for approximately 2 hours and in a pF measuring container the quantity of water retained was determined at a pF of 2.
The plug consisting of 100% mineral wool contained no water at a pF of 2 and is therefore unsuitable. In the case of agroplugs 3-5 the effect of the density on water retaining capability is clearly visible.
From a comparison of the agroplug 4 with the "Vienna roll" plug lO the effect of homogeneity on the water retaining capability will become apparent.
Table 2 shows the effect of another soil type used on the water retaining capability. The agroplugs were formed using the above described preparation procedure and clay comprising 25-30% particles smaller than 20 micrometer. The agroplugs # 13-15 fulfill the requirements of the present invention.
, ~32~8 To sum up, it has been found that when the soil into which the agroplug is placed has a high moisture pressure the agrGplug according to the invention can be adapted thereto by adapting the quantity of soil type relative to the quantity of mineral wool and/or by increasing the density.
Fig. 1 shows the agroplug system according to the invention.
The agroplug system 1 comprises a tray 2 with parallel ridges 3 which are furnished with recesses 4 in which rests a plug strip 5 with its longitudinal edges 6, the strip not thereby protruding above the upper surface 8 of tray 2.
As is shown in more detail in fig. 2 the plug strip 5 comprises circular round plug passage openings 9 with a downward converglng passage opening edge 10 which makes a clamp fitting with the exterior surface of the agroplug 11 which consists of a congruent, homogeneous mixture of mineral wool 12 and inorganic soil type, namely clay 13, entangled therein. The plug passage opening 9 lies in a recessed strip portion 14 so that the upper surface 16 of agroplug 11 provided with a seed cavity 15 lies beneath the top surface 17 of plug strip 5. l'he recessed portion 14 round the agroplug 11 forms a temporary water reservoir.
After germination and rooting of a seed 18 with the forming of a root system 19 and a young plant 20, the agroplug 11 can be pressed downward wholly mechanically out of the plug strip 5 and placed in the open field 21. Sinca according to the invention the suction pressure of the agroplug 11 and the open ground 21 are geared to one another, there will be, as a consequence of the resulting capillary dynamics, a sufficiently high moisture content present in the agroplug until the roots have grown into the open field. Thus avoided in the first instance is a withering and dying of the planted out plant, or in less serious circumstances a tempo-rary slow-down in growth.
If desired a fertilizer or mixture of fertilizers may be added to the mixture of soil and mineral wool from which ~3~2~8 the agroblock is formed. These fertilizers are of a conven-tional type and used to impart the agroblock additional nitrogen-, phosphorus, and/or potassium containing compounds and/or trace elements beneficial to or promoting plant growth and/or seed germination. Accordingly, the grower may just add water to the agrosystem.
Although the agroblock is primarily used as agroplug other forms may be just in holders for household plant growing, for green noise insulating walls and the like.
,. ll .~ 11 ., ll ,~ 11 o ~a ll , !l 0 ~0 lll ~J ~ 11 0 00 0 ~ ~t Q) ., ~I
~ J 11 a ~ l~
ll bO C ~ 11 ~:
.,~ .,, 'J e rl U) b4 11 O0 ~ 11 .,, O O O O O O O O O
~o Q~`_ 1l n c~l ~ ~ oo ~o ~ ~o ~ ~
~ ~ C~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o :n bO,O ll O
.~ ~ 11 O
O tl5 I ~ e-l U~ ~ 11 0 0 ~~ U~ U) O O - O t~ o " ~ ~ n r~~ I~ ~ O ~
!l C: - 3 t~1 ~ 11 0 0 u~ U') .r~ U') O O O o C S.~ ~
h C ::~ ta 1~ !~ o~n~ _ "~ul ~-~0 o a) ~ 11 a a s~ 1 o 11 o O
Table 2: water retaining capability of agroplugs according to the invention using clay comprising 25-30%
particles smaller than 20 ~ .
-- _ mineral wool water retaining (granulate) clay density capability #(%) (%) ~kg/m3) (vol.%, pF=2) ============================================================
--*****
:
- , . .
.. ,,. ~ .
"
Claims (14)
1. Agroblock comprising an inorganic soil type, such that the agroblock is substantially form-retaining at any moisture content and that at a suction pressure of pF 2 the moisture content amounts to at least 15% by volume.
2. Agroblock as claimed in claim 1, comprising a homogeneous mixture of mineral wool and said inorganic soil type.
3. Agroblock as claimed in claim 1, wherein at a pF of 2 the moisture content amounts to at least 20% by volume, and preferably to 25% by volume.
4. Agroblock as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the quantity of mineral wool amounts to 0-90% by weight, and the amount of soil type amounts to 100-10% by weight.
5. Agroblock as claimed in claim 4, wherein the quantity of mineral wool amounts to 10-50% by weight, and the amount of soil type amounts to 90-50% by weight.
6. Agroblock as claimed in claim 5, wherein the quantity of mineral wool amounts to 10-25% by weight, and the amount of soil type amounts to 90-75% by weight.
7. Agroblock as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, 5 or 6, wherein a binder is present in a quantity of 0-15% by weight, preferably 2-10% by weight and more preferably 3-7% by weight.
8. Agroblock as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, 5 or 6 with a density of 25-1100 kg/m3, preferably of 300-900 kg/m3 and more preferably of 500-850 kg/m3.
9. Agroblock as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, 5 or 6 with a porosity of 50%, preferably 60% and more preferably 70%.
10. Agroblock as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, 5 or 6, wherein the fibre direction of the mineral wool consisting of fibres extends substantially in height direction of the agroplug.
11. Agroblock as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, 5 or 6 with a substantially conical form.
12. Agroblock system comprising a tray provided with at least one groove in which agroblocks in the form of agroplugs as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, 5 or 6 are accommodated in plug passage openings of a plug strip and hang freely downward.
13. Agroplug system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the plug passage openings are provided with downward converging passage opening edges between which the agroplug can be clamp fitted.
14. Agroplug system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the plug passage openings are located in a recessed strip portion that extends above the top end of the agroplug accommodated in the plug passage opening.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL8801724A NL8801724A (en) | 1988-07-07 | 1988-07-07 | AGROPLUG, AGROPLUG SYSTEM AND A PLUGSTRIP THEREFOR. |
| NL88.01724 | 1988-07-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1322848C true CA1322848C (en) | 1993-10-12 |
Family
ID=19852590
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000604884A Expired - Fee Related CA1322848C (en) | 1988-07-07 | 1989-07-06 | Agroblock, such as agroplug, agroplug system and a plug strip therefor |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5218783A (en) |
| EP (2) | EP0498971A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0279918A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE89117T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1322848C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68906471T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK170738B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2040451T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI96263C (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8801724A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO171821C (en) |
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| CH669804A5 (en) * | 1986-05-15 | 1989-04-14 | Sulzer Ag | |
| DK129191D0 (en) * | 1991-07-02 | 1991-07-02 | Rockwool Int | PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING A MINERAL FIBER-CONTAINING CULTIVATION MEDIUM AND CULTURING MEDIUM PREPARED BY THE PROCEDURE |
| DE4208733A1 (en) * | 1992-03-18 | 1993-09-23 | Gruenzweig & Hartmann | GROWING MEDIUM FOR PLANTS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| NL9400284A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1995-10-02 | Damsigt Bv | Transport system for potted plants. |
| CA2162218C (en) | 1994-11-07 | 2006-01-31 | Jacob Frank De Groot | Coherent growth substrate |
| NL1001570C2 (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1996-10-04 | Gerrit Koppert | Method of growing plants. |
| US6183531B1 (en) * | 1995-11-10 | 2001-02-06 | Rockwool/Grodan B.V. | Mineral wool plant substrate |
| EP0961571A1 (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-12-08 | Wolfgang Behrens | Vegetation body for adding greenery to artificial planes |
| DE19741293C1 (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-04-01 | Christian Belger | Raising bodies for plants, in particular for plant seedlings |
| US5870854A (en) * | 1997-10-03 | 1999-02-16 | Wilkins; Judd R. | Gelatin-plastic foam seed germination and plant growth method |
| EP0933021A1 (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 1999-08-04 | Rockwool International A/S | Process for the manufacture of a mineral wool planth growth substrate and the obtainable mineral wool plant growth substrate |
| AU3362600A (en) * | 1999-02-11 | 2000-08-29 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Peat pellets |
| NL1011794C1 (en) | 1999-04-14 | 2000-10-17 | Visser S Gravendeel Holding | Form-retaining cultivation substrate composition and method for the production thereof. |
| US6314679B1 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2001-11-13 | Steven J. White | Wide row planting tray |
| DE10211723C1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-07-24 | Marga Duemmen | Cultivation plate for growing seedlings has parallel spaced grooves fitted with transverse partitions for defining seedling growing spaces |
| AU784382B2 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2006-03-23 | Christopher John Frogley | Growing medium for plants |
| GB0219062D0 (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2002-09-25 | Rockwool Int | Method and environment for growing plants |
| US20060107589A1 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2006-05-25 | Rubin Patti D | Compressed growing medium |
| US9756798B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2017-09-12 | Patti D. Rubin | Burrow filling compressed growing medium |
| ITMI20070527A1 (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2008-09-17 | Sadepan Chimica S R L | SEED DRILLS AND CONTAINERS IN ORGANIC FIBER FOR PANTAS AND PLANTS AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE |
| US10412902B2 (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2019-09-17 | A To Z Van Wingerden And Associates, Llc | Planter, planting and method of growing plants |
| US7946078B1 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2011-05-24 | Vanwingerden Alan | Starter tray and planting and method using a tray |
| WO2009058869A1 (en) | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-07 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Compressed coconut coir pith granules and methods for the production and use thereof |
| US20090223124A1 (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2009-09-10 | Pasquariello Antonio A | Long Range Self Watering System |
| US11516974B2 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2022-12-06 | Rockwool International A/S | Growth substrate product formed of mineral wool |
| CA2856199C (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2019-10-01 | Rockwool International A/S | Plant growth method |
| CN102696463A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-03 | 山东理工大学 | Arabidopsis hydroponic method capable of effectively preventing generation of green algae |
| US9986693B2 (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2018-06-05 | Permavoid Limited | Plant surface structure and modules and method for forming the same |
| EP2892327A1 (en) | 2012-09-07 | 2015-07-15 | Permavoid Limited | Cattle floor |
| JP2014073102A (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2014-04-24 | Tsubakimoto Chain Co | Plant stock transplanting apparatus and cultivation panel |
| US20150173306A1 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Bigelow Brook Farm, LLC | Plant growth apparatus and method |
| WO2015135972A1 (en) | 2014-03-12 | 2015-09-17 | Permavoid Limited | Sports field structure and method for forming the same |
| US10208434B2 (en) | 2014-03-12 | 2019-02-19 | Permavoid Limited | Sports field structure and method for forming the same |
| US10278343B2 (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2019-05-07 | Bras Avancer LLC | Hydroponics processes with high growth rates |
| BR112017017228A2 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2018-04-10 | National University Corporation Nagoya University | seedling nursery member and seedling nursery set for grafting, and method for producing grafted seedling |
| WO2016134087A1 (en) * | 2015-02-19 | 2016-08-25 | Scannell Christopher | Use of bentonite for improving plant growth-related traits |
| EP3111751B1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2018-06-13 | Spisa Holding AB | Harvest tray |
| EP3621934B1 (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2023-01-11 | Rockwool A/S | A fire-protecting insulation product and use of such product |
| CA3023970A1 (en) | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-16 | Rockwool International A/S | Binder composition |
| CN107409836A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-01 | 洪泽敏田农业发展有限公司 | A kind of constant temperature seedling-growing container |
| CN112586333A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-02 | 南京帕凡奢家具有限公司 | Agricultural planting device |
| US20220225577A1 (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2022-07-21 | Maui Greens, Inc. | Plant growing vessels and holding trays |
| CN113906993B (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2023-09-22 | 广州擎天实业有限公司 | Household soilless culture vertical planter |
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| US2785969A (en) * | 1953-11-13 | 1957-03-19 | Ferro Corp | Seed planting package |
| US2982665A (en) * | 1957-08-16 | 1961-05-02 | Minerals & Chem Philipp Corp | Modified kaolin clay |
| FR2039460A5 (en) * | 1969-04-02 | 1971-01-15 | Ferrand Marcel | |
| US3797738A (en) * | 1972-11-02 | 1974-03-19 | D Fitzhugh | Controlled water distribution system and methods |
| US3973355A (en) * | 1974-01-18 | 1976-08-10 | Agritec Co. | Self-contained hydrophilic plant growth matrix and method |
| US3981100A (en) * | 1974-04-03 | 1976-09-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Highly absorbent starch-containing polymeric compositions |
| US4023308A (en) * | 1975-10-08 | 1977-05-17 | Staby George L | Plant growth substrate and process for using |
| US4168962A (en) * | 1976-07-19 | 1979-09-25 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Plant growth media |
| GB1597112A (en) * | 1976-11-18 | 1981-09-03 | Kenneth Roy Dunn | Hydroponic cultivation of plants |
| DE2915370A1 (en) * | 1979-04-14 | 1980-10-23 | Wilhelm Stelzner | Plant culture substrate - is homogeneous mixture of mineral wool and clay granules |
| US4299054A (en) * | 1979-07-20 | 1981-11-10 | Ware R Louis | Hydroponic assembly and wafer for use therein |
| SE420456B (en) * | 1980-02-15 | 1981-10-12 | Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab | PLANT GROWING UNIT |
| US4379375A (en) * | 1981-03-19 | 1983-04-12 | Whittaker Corporation | Hydroponic growing system and method |
| DE3121277C2 (en) * | 1981-05-29 | 1985-09-05 | LECA GmbH & Co KG, 2083 Halstenbek | Substrate for growing plants |
| DK152872C (en) * | 1983-06-20 | 1989-04-10 | Grene Soren | PLANT GROWING FRAME |
| LU85256A1 (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1985-10-14 | Dicalite Europe Nord | POROUS ELEMENT PERMEABLE WITH WATER FOR CULTIVATION OF PLANTS, AS WELL AS METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THIS ELEMENT |
| FR2581503B1 (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1988-09-16 | Saint Gobain Isover | SUBSTRATE FOR ABOVE GROUND CULTURE |
| NL8601217A (en) * | 1986-05-14 | 1987-12-01 | Fibraconsult Management Und Be | FORMING, MANUFACTURED FROM A BINDER CONTAINING FIBER MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE FORMATION. |
| NO158510B (en) * | 1986-06-02 | 1988-06-13 | Knut Colling | GROWTH MEDIUM AND PROCEDURE FOR PRODUCING THE SAME. |
| US4777763A (en) * | 1986-06-17 | 1988-10-18 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Plant growing medium |
-
1988
- 1988-07-07 NL NL8801724A patent/NL8801724A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1989
- 1989-07-05 AT AT89201782T patent/ATE89117T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-05 EP EP91203037A patent/EP0498971A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-07-05 FI FI893277A patent/FI96263C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-05 NO NO892784A patent/NO171821C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-05 DE DE89201782T patent/DE68906471T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-05 ES ES198989201782T patent/ES2040451T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-05 EP EP89201782A patent/EP0350132B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-06 JP JP1175393A patent/JPH0279918A/en active Pending
- 1989-07-06 CA CA000604884A patent/CA1322848C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-06 US US07/376,356 patent/US5218783A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-07 DK DK337989A patent/DK170738B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5218783A (en) | 1993-06-15 |
| DE68906471T2 (en) | 1993-10-14 |
| DK170738B1 (en) | 1996-01-08 |
| NO171821C (en) | 1993-05-12 |
| NO892784L (en) | 1990-01-08 |
| NL8801724A (en) | 1990-02-01 |
| FI893277A (en) | 1990-01-08 |
| EP0350132A1 (en) | 1990-01-10 |
| DE68906471D1 (en) | 1993-06-17 |
| JPH0279918A (en) | 1990-03-20 |
| ES2040451T3 (en) | 1993-10-16 |
| EP0350132B1 (en) | 1993-05-12 |
| NO892784D0 (en) | 1989-07-05 |
| FI96263C (en) | 1996-06-10 |
| FI96263B (en) | 1996-02-29 |
| EP0498971A1 (en) | 1992-08-19 |
| ATE89117T1 (en) | 1993-05-15 |
| FI893277A0 (en) | 1989-07-05 |
| DK337989D0 (en) | 1989-07-07 |
| DK337989A (en) | 1990-01-08 |
| NO171821B (en) | 1993-02-01 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |