CA1323429C - Device suitable for monitoring loadings on body parts - Google Patents
Device suitable for monitoring loadings on body partsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1323429C CA1323429C CA000581656A CA581656A CA1323429C CA 1323429 C CA1323429 C CA 1323429C CA 000581656 A CA000581656 A CA 000581656A CA 581656 A CA581656 A CA 581656A CA 1323429 C CA1323429 C CA 1323429C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- data
- load
- accordance
- microprocessor
- measuring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/1036—Measuring load distribution, e.g. podologic studies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
- A61B5/4528—Joints
Abstract
Abstract:
The invention relates to a device suitable for monitoring loads exerted on body parts. The device includes a measuring device for acquiring a load parameter and an electronic unit for processing the information. The electronic unit possesses an input device for the purpose of entering a load reference range, an analysis device, an indicating device, a microprocessor and a data memory. Fed into the data memory are raw data, analysis data derived herefrom, and reference range data. The microprocessor serves to calculate the relationship between the momentary-loading and the reference range and the comparative values thus obtained are also stored. Statistical values can be generated from the stored data and, if necessary, time values and the generated statistical values can be stored. The indicating device permits data to be displayed and stored synchronously.
Stored data relating to a loading history can be retrieved by means of a retrieval device, which permits improved monitoring of loading activities. The device is portable and can store data for predetermined time periods and this can be used by a patient over a period of time and then monitored by the physician at set intervals.
The invention relates to a device suitable for monitoring loads exerted on body parts. The device includes a measuring device for acquiring a load parameter and an electronic unit for processing the information. The electronic unit possesses an input device for the purpose of entering a load reference range, an analysis device, an indicating device, a microprocessor and a data memory. Fed into the data memory are raw data, analysis data derived herefrom, and reference range data. The microprocessor serves to calculate the relationship between the momentary-loading and the reference range and the comparative values thus obtained are also stored. Statistical values can be generated from the stored data and, if necessary, time values and the generated statistical values can be stored. The indicating device permits data to be displayed and stored synchronously.
Stored data relating to a loading history can be retrieved by means of a retrieval device, which permits improved monitoring of loading activities. The device is portable and can store data for predetermined time periods and this can be used by a patient over a period of time and then monitored by the physician at set intervals.
Description
~ 323~29 Device Suitable for Monitorinq Loadinas on Body Parts The present invention relates to a device suitable for monitoring loadings on body members, such as the locomotor apparatus of the legs.
The partial removal of loads on specific body members plays an important role in treating orthopaedic patients and accident victims.
Contusions and compressive injuries to joints, broken bones, injuries to ligaments and tendons, inflammation of the locomotor apparatus as well as wearing down of such parts, or fitting with artificial joints etc., require week or month-long partial removal of loadings on the affected body part.
It is necessary in such cases, to maintain a precise partial load range in order to expedite healing; while excessive loading must be avoided, a minimum load level mus~ be maintained so as to promote the mechanical stimulation required for an optimal healing process. Throughout treatment, the delimited load reference range can be increased.
A device o~ the above-mentioned type is currently on the marXet and is described in the brochure "EDAR Insert with Pressure 5ensor and Acoustic Feedback~ from Harald Haberman Co., Orthopaedic-Technical apparatus, Frankfurt am Main. The conventional battery-driven apparatus possesses a measuring unit in the ~orm of a sole-insert having a pressure sensor.
~he apparatus emits a low tone when the measured data lie inside the preset reference zone and a high tone wherever this reference zone is surpassed. The patient on crutches -- can, for example, ba acoustically warned by the higher tone should he exert a load upon the locomotor apparatus that is greater than that prescribed by his physician; the deeper tone reassures him that the proper load is being exerted.
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The object of the present invention is the further development of the conventional load monitoring device described above with a view to better gauging the loading activity of the patient while permitting continuous long-term load monitoring.
According to the invention there is provided a device suitable for monitoring loadings on body parts, having a measuring means for obtaining loading parameters as raw data and a portable, off-line electronic unit fed with said raw data from said measuring means, said electronic unit having an input device suitable for entering a load reference range, an analytical device and an indicating device for indicating when said referance range is exceeded ~y values in said raw data, characterized in that the analytical device comprises 1~ a microprocessor and a data memory, that the raw data from the measuring means and analysis data serving to describe a loading history can be fed into said data memory, that analysis reference values for establishing loading reference ranges can be fed to the da~a memory from said input device, that with the assistance of the microprocessor the relationship between a momentary loading and the reference range can be calculated and the thus-obtained comparative values stored in said data memory, and that the indicating devîce is designed to indicate information synchronously with memorization and/or that stored data concerning a loading history can be retrieved by means of a retrieval device.
The proposed devica produces for evaluation no~ only data ralating to the measured load parameters, but also analysis data obtained from such raw data. This has the principal advantage that the loading history can be described more accurately and therefore a more relevant structuring of therapy sessions can be devised. A longer pexiod of overloading, for example, necessitates a different compensatory decrease in the load than a shoxter overload interval. On the other hand, the wealth of measurement data permits the acquisition of meaningful analytical data, and ~323~
so enables the amoun~ of data to be s~ored and, if necessary, to be compared with the appropriate analysis data reference range, to be reduced in relation to the amount of raw data obtained. This arrangement reduces both the requirement for memory space and the operating time of the microprocessor.
The indicating device allows the patient to monitor his own loading activities or an acoustic signal may be employed to alert the patient should he ex~eed a permitted loading which is a first feedback mechanism offered by the proposed device.
The data memory stores the raw data or a portion thereof selected by the microprocessor, together with the analysis data generated in the microprocessor, as instantaneous or actual load values, so that the relationship of the latter to the appropriate reference zone can be established. The data lS memory can also store the comparative data obtained. By retrieving all or only selected portions of the stored data, especially the raw and analysis data, as well as the comparative data, the loading activities of the patient throughout a given period can be precisely documented. This arrangement, which permits the patient to monitor his activities during the evening so that he can modify his activities for the next few days, constitutes a second feed-back mechanism. If the physician is, upon first meeting the patient, able to review and evaluate his loading behaviour, the patient's chances of recovery are enhanced, therapy sessions can be effectively structured and precise documentation can be undertaken. Depending on the loading ~ehaviour of the patient, the loading reference range can be either raised somewhat or not changed at all during the following period. This arrangement represents a third feed back mechanism. Thus a graduated feedback system is created, which abets optimal therapy structuring.
The measured load parameter is preferably a load force.
Suitable load parameters are also an area specific force, i.e. pressure, tensile, shear or bending force. The measured load parameter can also be represented as a kinetic quantity, .
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132~2~
more particularly the speed or acceleration of a body part, or another physical quantity~
The choice and disposition of the proposed measurement device depends on its use. It is sometimes necessary, ~or example, to take pressure off the leg or portions thereof. It is desirable in this case tha~ the proposed measurement device be positioned underneath the sole of the foot, whether in the form of an insertable sole, as a therapeutic shoe, or either inside or on the outside of a plaster cast -- e.g. in the form of a plaster heel. This type of measuring device can be constructed from two essentially rigid plates, between which are situated three sensors. The arrangement o~ the sensors permits even coverage and the assurance that the entire force will be ac~uired by the sensors. It is suggested that such plates form an insertable sole, whereby two sensors are arranged near the ball of the foot while the other is arranged in the zone of the heel.
The sensors are capable of measuring forc~ or pressur~, and can be provided more particularly with strain gauge strips.
Such insertable soles can be inexpensively produced as disposable articles suitable for one-time use.
The proposed measuring device can also be fitted to body par~s other than the foot, such as the palms of the hands of arthritis patients~ The proposed device can also be connected to joints, bones, tendons and ligaments, and is suited for use with artificial joints, bones, tendons, ligaments and parts thereof. It is possible, in these cases, to implant one or more of the proposed devices in the body in order to measure local loading. One or more measurin~
devices can be positioned between the body and the surface of covers or undercovers, used when the patient sits or lLes.
It is furthermore possible to attach one or more measuring devices to an orthotic ~evice or to a mechanical transportation aid, for example to knee braces, underarm .
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~323~
crutch supports, axillary crutches or wheelchairs. In such cases, either the load exerted on a given body part, or a load passing by such parts, can be measured.
The proposed device can also be applied to other points, for the purpose e.g. of avoiding long term overloading damage caused in strenuous sports such as marathons. The device can also be used as a prophylactic against overloading where joints have already been affected (e.g. arthritis), whereby a worsening of the condition through overloading must be avoided.
It is particularly advantageous if analysis data can be obtained from the measurement data with the aid of the microprocessor. This additional function can be assumed by the microprocessor without great difficulty.
The data used for analysis is largely related to load conditions; included in particular are the maxima of the raw data related to each load cycle. A single load value is derived from the body of raw data processed during the load cycle by the microprocessor.
It is especially advantageous if, in the course of constructing analysis data, the raw data can be correlated ~ith time. This arrangement provides a number of important additional load data.
In particulaxr the relevant load times of individual load ~5 cycles can be used as analysis data. The load time is an important criterion. Should this time period extend beyond a load time reference range, the patient may be obliged to ` alter his loading pattern. An acoustic alarm may sound when this reference range is exceeded. In this connection, the microprocessor serves to acquire raw data permitting the monitoring of the time delay occurring between the ~verstepping and the understepping of a threshold value.
~ 32342~
A further analysis parameter can be the impulse quantities of the load parameter-time-curve measured in each load cycle.
This can be accomplished in particular with the aid of the microprocessor, which is able to derive a surface integral from the temporally serial raw data. This function can also be assumed with ease by the microprocessor. The magnitude o~
the impulses represents both the mechanical and temporal load.
It is also advantageous to employ as an analysis datum the number of load cycles occurring within a predetermined period. Where loads are applied to the leg, this parameter is expressed by the number of steps taken. The reference range feature enables the patient to establish an optimal reference range for the number of steps to be taken per day.
From the analysis data already mentioned, i.e. measurement value maximum, load time, impulse guantity and cycle count, mathematical functions derived from the latter can also be obtained either with or without time values (such "as per day"), and these can be employed as analysis data.
A preferred embodiment of the proposed device enables the microprocessor to produce from the information stored in memory and in conjunction if necessary, with temporal values, statistical data that can appear on the indicator and/or, for the purpose of subse~uent retrieval, be fed into memory.
5uch statistical values compress the load history of the patient and permit either patient or physician to rapidly review and evaluate such information. Such additional work can be handled by the microprocessor without much difficulty.
For these purposes, it is greatly helpful if the analysis data acquired during each load cycle be sortable into classes, of which one is assigned to the reference range, one or more are assigned to the top-lying upper zone and one or more are assigned to the lower bottom range. l'he array of data, thus segre~ated into classes, is much easier to review.
~323~9 It is particularly advantageous if a total of five classes be provided, wherein upper range and lower range are each divided into two sub-ranges. Segregation into five classes as opposed to three classes permits not only the determination of the frequency of a patient's either exceeding or falling short of the re~erence zone, but also the extent to which such exceeding or falling short has occurred.
Thus can be obtained statistical values expressed as percentages, that describe the relationship between the analysis data count obtained in each class to the global figure related to the load cycles over a yiven period of time. Such percentages clearly indicate the extent to which the patient has or has not adhered to the prescribed reference-range guidelines. This method of interpreting data is particularly suited to indicating raw data maxima, but can also be applied to other analysis data~
Another embodiment per~its the maxima of raw data obtained in individual load cycles occurring in a predetermined period to be sorted into load categories and the relevant mean values of the analysis data to be used as statistical values. This arrangement permits certain analysis data such as load times or impulse quantities to be compared to maximum raw data values, which opens up further avenues of interpretation.
It is also advantageous if stakistical values such as mean analysis data values from all of the load cycles occurring over a predetermined period, are obtained. Such averages aid the doctor considerably in his analysis of data.
- It is preferable if both electrical supply and memory have a ~apacity and a size permitting operation to extend beyond one week. The capacity should permit the essential variables relating to a two week load history to be stored. In order 13~3~29 to prevent data loss, the memory should be protected against a power ~ailure.
The indicator advantageously features a viewing window or display, which allows the patient to visually review his load condition and permits more accurate reading of information than afforded by an acoustic signal.
Information retrieved from memory can also be displayed in the window, an arrangement that permits both doctor and patient to review, either at ~he end of the day or during a visit, prior loading events without exacting special knowledge of computer language or hardware.
Another version of the present invention comprises connecting the electronic part to a printer for the purpose o~ printing out retrieved data. Such printing also does not require any EDP knowledge.
The input and/or retrieval device can also feature a device suitable for storing a programme medium. Such programme medium can be reference range or storage retrieval EPROMS.
The inpu~ device can also be embodied as a keypad, whereby values can either be entered or retrieved.
In addition, an auxiliary portable measuring amplifier can be connected to the electronic part, in order to process low raw data values, if at the outset of the treatment process a low load re~erence range has been selected.
It is furthermore advantageous for the microprocessor to possess a means of calibration, by means of which the ~~ measuring device can be calibrated. By using the microprocessor, the input device and the display device, it is possible to determine whether or not each sensor has transmitted the correct information and, i~ not, to correct .
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~323~2~
this error through a correction factor during the evaluation of the raw data.
Concerning the state of the art regarding the related area of indicating the pressure profile of a loaded foot, a measuring system is known that also makes use of sensor-sole inserts in many shoe sizes, but that in addition comprises a large number of sensors for measuring pressure distribution. The evaluation o~ the information gathered requires considerable hardware and software; the operation of the system requires EDP knowledge and the system itself is concaived for use by orthopaedic surgeons or makers of orthopaedic shoes.
The present invention is described in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fi~. 1 is a side elevation of a patient wearing the proposed device;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the electronic part;
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a measuring device embodied as a disposable insertable sole;
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the proposed device; and Fig. 5 is a load time curve.
The device shown in Figs. 1 to 3 comprises a measuring device embodied as an insertable sole 1, a measurement amplifier 2 as well as an electronic unit 3. Leading away from insertable sole 1 is a wire 4 having a connection 5~ such wire being su~ficiently long to connect measuring device 1 to ~he measurement ampli~ier 2 strapped onto the malleolus. A
cable 6 having a plug 7 leads from measurement amplifier 2 to the electronic unit 3, advantageously held by means of a carrying loop 8 upon the patient's chest.
~` 30 The electronic unit 3 shown in Fig. 2 comprises a microprocessor (which is not described in further detail), an indicating system and a data memory. The indicating system comprises, in addition to an acoustic indicating device (e.g. a piezo-beeper), an optical indicating device 9 ~323~2~
provided with a display window. Electronic unit 3 possesses an input device 10 having a slot into which a prepared programme medium, such as a reference-range EPROM, can ~e inserted. Electronic unit 3 is furthermore fitted with a keypad 11, which serves either to input or retrieve data.
The insertable sole of Fig. 3 comprises essentially two plates joined together at the sdges, located betwsPn which are two force sensors 12 and 13, in the zone of the ball of the foot, and a further force sensor 14 in the zone of the heel, each sensor having a strain measurement strip.
The sensors are connected to multi-pole plug 5, which s~rves not only to trans~er raw data through the cable but also to conduct the required current ~rom the battery-operated electronic unit 3 or measurement amplifier 2. This modular arrangement, coupled with the simplicity and low cost of the sensors, permits insertable sole 1 to be used as a disposable item.
The circuit diagram of Fig. 4 corresponds to a large extent to Figs`. 1 to 3. The measurement amplifier 102, being housed inside electronic unit 103, either requires the electronic unit to be attached at the ankle or necessitates the use of a longer cable 4. Measuring device 101 features merely a pressure sensor 112, which is either implanted between two supexposed parts o~ an artificial joint or between two par~s of a brace. The other components are identified by the same reference numbers as in the previous figures.
The electronic unit 103 features, in addition to input device 11, which is embodied as a keypad, and optical indicating device 9, an acoustic indicating device 15 and an evaluating device 16, which comprises measurement ampli~ier 102, an analog-digital converter 17, an~ a microprocessor 18 having a data memory 19 and a programme memory 20. Stored in the latter are the programmes for the microprocessor-controlled processing cycles. Connecting to microprocessor 18 is an i/o ~323~2~
interface 21, which can be used, for example, for the connection of a prin~er for printing out stored data or an external input device for entering commands and data.
Fig. 5 shows a load-time curve having a curv~ constructed from raw data. Used as an example is load ~ acquired by measuring device 1, over a time (t). A load-reference range S is established on the basis o~ preset boundary values Fl, F2. Located above is an upper range which is divided by boundary value F3 into a near upper range ol and a ~ar upper range 02. Beneath load reference range S is located a lower range, which is similarly divided by a boundary value F4 into a near lower range Ul and a further lower range U2. A
~urther threshold value F5 is provided in the region of the 2ero line. The predetermined boundary values can be entered into evaluation device 16 by means of input device 11. The input step is facilitated if a fixed relationship exists e.g.
F2 = 0.8 Fl; F3 = 1.5 F1; F4 = 0.5 F2 and F5 = 0.1 F1. One need input only Fl.
The raw data curve K obtained ~rom adding the output values of sensors 12, 13, 14 has a continuous path and is tracked over a chronological cycle determined by microprocessor 18;
the thus acquired raw data are converted into digital code in the analog-digital converter 17 and fed into data memory 19.
Further analysis data are derived from such raw data with the assistance of microprocessor 18. The raw data fed to the data memory does not have to be permanently stored. The length of time the data is stored depends on the length of time required for analysis or display.
Fig. 5 shows three methods suitable for obtaining analysis data:
a) Each of the raw data maximums is obtained, so that the individual maximums Ml, M2, M3 etc. can be used as analysis data.
~323~2~
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b) Times are determined, at which the raw values exceed or fall short of threshold value F5. The deviations d thus obtained can be employed as analysis data.
c) The area below curve K is integrated over loading time t. Impulse quantities A obtained can also be used as analysis data.
d) The load cycles are counted during a predetermined time period, e.g. during the course of a day. Such cycles are established by observing the number of times threshold value F5 is either exceeded or fallen short of. The load cycle count represents another analysis datum.
The loading history is thus described not only by means of the curve of raw values K, but also by means of the derived analysis data.
The analysis of this load is described in greater detail in Fig. 5 in connection with example (a). The first maximum Ml lies within reference range S, the second maximum M2 in ths near upper zone 01 and the third maximum M3 in the further lower zone U2. In the case of maximum M2, the acoustic indicator device 15 is actuated and an acoustic warning signal is emitted, since the reference range S has been exceeded.
Zones S, 01, 02, Ul, U2 constitute load classes. The purpose of subsequent analysis is served if it is determined to which load class each maximum value belongs. It is thus not necessary to know the exact value o~ the maximum figure. It is sufficient to determine only which of boundary values F
to F5 was last exceeded.
Even this indication can be further simplified through statistical values that demonstrate the number of maxima occurring, during a predetermined time period, in the individual classes, i.e. what percentage of the individual load cycles corresponds to the lndividual classes. This , :
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procedure permits a brief overview of the load history over a predetermined period of time.
It i5 also possible to evaluate cther analysis data by comparison with an analysis-data reference range and the relevant upper and lower zon~s. It is possible to establish relationships that reveal the mean values of the analysis data within individual load classes.
When the number of load cycles per day is of interest, the momentary load value in question is reached only at the end of the period, so that comparison with the reference range begins only at this juncture.
The raw data routed from measuring device 1 as well as the analysis data obtained therefrom, can be caused to appear at any time, if necessarily simultaneously with stored data from memory 19, in the optical indication device 9. The relevant comparative data can thus also be displayed, which permits the patient to know at any time if he can increase the load or not, and to what extent this is possible.
A~ter a period of loading, electronic unit 3 is given to the physician, who is able, by means of a retrieval device, e.g.
keypad 11, to call up to the indicator device 9, or to a printer, the stored data relating to a particular load history. The physician can use the information acquired on the load history in order to adjust the load reference range ~or the following period, and more particularly, to reset the reference ranges for the above-mentioned analysis data to accord with an optimal treatment regimen.
In one example, a reference range delimited by an upper and a lower value was input for: the maximum load force; the number of load cycles per day (number of steps) and the total energy expended per day expressed as the sum of all impulse quantities, as well as a reference range, delimited only by an upper value, for maximum load duration (step :l32~2~
duration). A warning signal is produced whenever the reference ranges for load force and step duration, is exceeded.
The patient is thus able at anytime, by pressing a button on keypad 11, to view on the optical display 9 the momentary load force, the load reference ranges (especially for load force and number of steps), the average value of the maximum current day load and the current day~s step count. The patient can review in the morning the overloading occurring on the previous day, represented by the number of excesses and the maximum value (expressed as a percentage deviation from the reference value), as well as the number of steps taken on the previous day, expressed by the step count and a deviation in percant.
The physician can, in a brief interrogation session, review from the already entered reference ranges, tha daily counts since the last visit, the average number of steps taken per day, the averags size of the load force maximums as well as the three highest individual loads. It is furthermore possible to recall the maximum and minimum number of load cycles occurring per day and the maximum and minimum average load forces par day. Moreover, a special interrogation session can serve to identify what percentage of the load cycles reached their maximum values Ml, M2, M3 within the individual load categories, the size of the average duration d o~ all load cycles as well as those of the load cycles in each of the load categories, and the average value of the total energy (expressed as the sum of the impulse quantities) expended per day as well as the percentage of total energy apportioned to each class. Such înformation affords the physician a good overview of the load hictory.
In conclusion, analysis data, obtained from the raw data, not only corresponds to the extent, duration, impulse quantity and number of individual loads, but can be mathematical 3S functions derived from one, two or three sucb valbes, and can ' ~323~2~
be expressed as functions of such values measured and/or derived over a period of time (e.g. "per day"), whereby such values can be routed either to data memory 19 as well as indicating device 9. For certain kinds of load, expressible as raw or analysis data, reference value ranges can be input through input device lO or 11. The actual value of such loads (momentary loads) are compared, with the aid of the microprocessor, with the input reference ranges. Comparative data are also fed to data memory l9 and can be routed in real lo time to indicator devices 9, lS. Statistical values are obtained from stored actual values, comparative data and other temporal values (e.g. number o~ days), with the aid of microprocessor 18. Such statistical values can be routed in real time to both the indicating devices 9, 15 and data memory l9. A certain combination of reference range, actual values, temporal values and statistical values causes one or more types of acoustical signal to be produced by acoustic signal device 15, while certain information is displayed in the optical display device.
The size of the battery or accumulator and that of the data memory l9 permit electronic apparatus 103 to function for one, two or more weeks, which allows storage of the entire load history occurring between two serial visits to the doctor. The type of memory system used~ or an auxiliary battery, ensure the protection of memorized data and the continuous running of the clock.
The calibration o~ the maasuring device entails a calibration routine being entered with the aid of keypad 11. In this mode, each force sensor 12, 13, 14 is loaded with a standard force. This calibration, can be accomplished, for example, by subjecting the sensor to loading by a local-area pressure =~ body, whereby a weighing scale positioned underneath indicates a predetermined reference value. If the latter d~es not appear in the indicating device 9, the display mus~
be altered by keypad manipulation until the desired referenGe value appears. The result of this arrangement is that all ~ 323~2~
other data from the sensor in question can be corrected for error by an adjustment ~ember employed by the microprocessor.
Shown in the embodiment examples is that measuring device 1 is connected to electronic part 3 by means of ~able 4, 6.
Alternatively, a transmitter can be integrated in the measuring device and a receiver in the electronic part for the purpose of remote data transfer.
Commercially-available components are used in the circuit~
The following components, for example, have been used:
Force sensor 12, 13, 14: Type 125 SF sensor with strain gauge strip - SK-06-125GF-20C from Measurement Group.
Analog-digital Converter 17: MAX 134 from Maxim Microcomputer with microprocessor 18, data memory 19 and program memory 20: DS 5000 from Dallas Semiconductors.
.
The partial removal of loads on specific body members plays an important role in treating orthopaedic patients and accident victims.
Contusions and compressive injuries to joints, broken bones, injuries to ligaments and tendons, inflammation of the locomotor apparatus as well as wearing down of such parts, or fitting with artificial joints etc., require week or month-long partial removal of loadings on the affected body part.
It is necessary in such cases, to maintain a precise partial load range in order to expedite healing; while excessive loading must be avoided, a minimum load level mus~ be maintained so as to promote the mechanical stimulation required for an optimal healing process. Throughout treatment, the delimited load reference range can be increased.
A device o~ the above-mentioned type is currently on the marXet and is described in the brochure "EDAR Insert with Pressure 5ensor and Acoustic Feedback~ from Harald Haberman Co., Orthopaedic-Technical apparatus, Frankfurt am Main. The conventional battery-driven apparatus possesses a measuring unit in the ~orm of a sole-insert having a pressure sensor.
~he apparatus emits a low tone when the measured data lie inside the preset reference zone and a high tone wherever this reference zone is surpassed. The patient on crutches -- can, for example, ba acoustically warned by the higher tone should he exert a load upon the locomotor apparatus that is greater than that prescribed by his physician; the deeper tone reassures him that the proper load is being exerted.
' :- :
' ` ` " ' ' ' ' ' ', ' '" ' :' ' ' ' ,'' ' `' : " ".~ - ' ' ' '' , " ' ' ~323~2~
The object of the present invention is the further development of the conventional load monitoring device described above with a view to better gauging the loading activity of the patient while permitting continuous long-term load monitoring.
According to the invention there is provided a device suitable for monitoring loadings on body parts, having a measuring means for obtaining loading parameters as raw data and a portable, off-line electronic unit fed with said raw data from said measuring means, said electronic unit having an input device suitable for entering a load reference range, an analytical device and an indicating device for indicating when said referance range is exceeded ~y values in said raw data, characterized in that the analytical device comprises 1~ a microprocessor and a data memory, that the raw data from the measuring means and analysis data serving to describe a loading history can be fed into said data memory, that analysis reference values for establishing loading reference ranges can be fed to the da~a memory from said input device, that with the assistance of the microprocessor the relationship between a momentary loading and the reference range can be calculated and the thus-obtained comparative values stored in said data memory, and that the indicating devîce is designed to indicate information synchronously with memorization and/or that stored data concerning a loading history can be retrieved by means of a retrieval device.
The proposed devica produces for evaluation no~ only data ralating to the measured load parameters, but also analysis data obtained from such raw data. This has the principal advantage that the loading history can be described more accurately and therefore a more relevant structuring of therapy sessions can be devised. A longer pexiod of overloading, for example, necessitates a different compensatory decrease in the load than a shoxter overload interval. On the other hand, the wealth of measurement data permits the acquisition of meaningful analytical data, and ~323~
so enables the amoun~ of data to be s~ored and, if necessary, to be compared with the appropriate analysis data reference range, to be reduced in relation to the amount of raw data obtained. This arrangement reduces both the requirement for memory space and the operating time of the microprocessor.
The indicating device allows the patient to monitor his own loading activities or an acoustic signal may be employed to alert the patient should he ex~eed a permitted loading which is a first feedback mechanism offered by the proposed device.
The data memory stores the raw data or a portion thereof selected by the microprocessor, together with the analysis data generated in the microprocessor, as instantaneous or actual load values, so that the relationship of the latter to the appropriate reference zone can be established. The data lS memory can also store the comparative data obtained. By retrieving all or only selected portions of the stored data, especially the raw and analysis data, as well as the comparative data, the loading activities of the patient throughout a given period can be precisely documented. This arrangement, which permits the patient to monitor his activities during the evening so that he can modify his activities for the next few days, constitutes a second feed-back mechanism. If the physician is, upon first meeting the patient, able to review and evaluate his loading behaviour, the patient's chances of recovery are enhanced, therapy sessions can be effectively structured and precise documentation can be undertaken. Depending on the loading ~ehaviour of the patient, the loading reference range can be either raised somewhat or not changed at all during the following period. This arrangement represents a third feed back mechanism. Thus a graduated feedback system is created, which abets optimal therapy structuring.
The measured load parameter is preferably a load force.
Suitable load parameters are also an area specific force, i.e. pressure, tensile, shear or bending force. The measured load parameter can also be represented as a kinetic quantity, .
"'`, "` `, ' :
- , .
132~2~
more particularly the speed or acceleration of a body part, or another physical quantity~
The choice and disposition of the proposed measurement device depends on its use. It is sometimes necessary, ~or example, to take pressure off the leg or portions thereof. It is desirable in this case tha~ the proposed measurement device be positioned underneath the sole of the foot, whether in the form of an insertable sole, as a therapeutic shoe, or either inside or on the outside of a plaster cast -- e.g. in the form of a plaster heel. This type of measuring device can be constructed from two essentially rigid plates, between which are situated three sensors. The arrangement o~ the sensors permits even coverage and the assurance that the entire force will be ac~uired by the sensors. It is suggested that such plates form an insertable sole, whereby two sensors are arranged near the ball of the foot while the other is arranged in the zone of the heel.
The sensors are capable of measuring forc~ or pressur~, and can be provided more particularly with strain gauge strips.
Such insertable soles can be inexpensively produced as disposable articles suitable for one-time use.
The proposed measuring device can also be fitted to body par~s other than the foot, such as the palms of the hands of arthritis patients~ The proposed device can also be connected to joints, bones, tendons and ligaments, and is suited for use with artificial joints, bones, tendons, ligaments and parts thereof. It is possible, in these cases, to implant one or more of the proposed devices in the body in order to measure local loading. One or more measurin~
devices can be positioned between the body and the surface of covers or undercovers, used when the patient sits or lLes.
It is furthermore possible to attach one or more measuring devices to an orthotic ~evice or to a mechanical transportation aid, for example to knee braces, underarm .
.
~323~
crutch supports, axillary crutches or wheelchairs. In such cases, either the load exerted on a given body part, or a load passing by such parts, can be measured.
The proposed device can also be applied to other points, for the purpose e.g. of avoiding long term overloading damage caused in strenuous sports such as marathons. The device can also be used as a prophylactic against overloading where joints have already been affected (e.g. arthritis), whereby a worsening of the condition through overloading must be avoided.
It is particularly advantageous if analysis data can be obtained from the measurement data with the aid of the microprocessor. This additional function can be assumed by the microprocessor without great difficulty.
The data used for analysis is largely related to load conditions; included in particular are the maxima of the raw data related to each load cycle. A single load value is derived from the body of raw data processed during the load cycle by the microprocessor.
It is especially advantageous if, in the course of constructing analysis data, the raw data can be correlated ~ith time. This arrangement provides a number of important additional load data.
In particulaxr the relevant load times of individual load ~5 cycles can be used as analysis data. The load time is an important criterion. Should this time period extend beyond a load time reference range, the patient may be obliged to ` alter his loading pattern. An acoustic alarm may sound when this reference range is exceeded. In this connection, the microprocessor serves to acquire raw data permitting the monitoring of the time delay occurring between the ~verstepping and the understepping of a threshold value.
~ 32342~
A further analysis parameter can be the impulse quantities of the load parameter-time-curve measured in each load cycle.
This can be accomplished in particular with the aid of the microprocessor, which is able to derive a surface integral from the temporally serial raw data. This function can also be assumed with ease by the microprocessor. The magnitude o~
the impulses represents both the mechanical and temporal load.
It is also advantageous to employ as an analysis datum the number of load cycles occurring within a predetermined period. Where loads are applied to the leg, this parameter is expressed by the number of steps taken. The reference range feature enables the patient to establish an optimal reference range for the number of steps to be taken per day.
From the analysis data already mentioned, i.e. measurement value maximum, load time, impulse guantity and cycle count, mathematical functions derived from the latter can also be obtained either with or without time values (such "as per day"), and these can be employed as analysis data.
A preferred embodiment of the proposed device enables the microprocessor to produce from the information stored in memory and in conjunction if necessary, with temporal values, statistical data that can appear on the indicator and/or, for the purpose of subse~uent retrieval, be fed into memory.
5uch statistical values compress the load history of the patient and permit either patient or physician to rapidly review and evaluate such information. Such additional work can be handled by the microprocessor without much difficulty.
For these purposes, it is greatly helpful if the analysis data acquired during each load cycle be sortable into classes, of which one is assigned to the reference range, one or more are assigned to the top-lying upper zone and one or more are assigned to the lower bottom range. l'he array of data, thus segre~ated into classes, is much easier to review.
~323~9 It is particularly advantageous if a total of five classes be provided, wherein upper range and lower range are each divided into two sub-ranges. Segregation into five classes as opposed to three classes permits not only the determination of the frequency of a patient's either exceeding or falling short of the re~erence zone, but also the extent to which such exceeding or falling short has occurred.
Thus can be obtained statistical values expressed as percentages, that describe the relationship between the analysis data count obtained in each class to the global figure related to the load cycles over a yiven period of time. Such percentages clearly indicate the extent to which the patient has or has not adhered to the prescribed reference-range guidelines. This method of interpreting data is particularly suited to indicating raw data maxima, but can also be applied to other analysis data~
Another embodiment per~its the maxima of raw data obtained in individual load cycles occurring in a predetermined period to be sorted into load categories and the relevant mean values of the analysis data to be used as statistical values. This arrangement permits certain analysis data such as load times or impulse quantities to be compared to maximum raw data values, which opens up further avenues of interpretation.
It is also advantageous if stakistical values such as mean analysis data values from all of the load cycles occurring over a predetermined period, are obtained. Such averages aid the doctor considerably in his analysis of data.
- It is preferable if both electrical supply and memory have a ~apacity and a size permitting operation to extend beyond one week. The capacity should permit the essential variables relating to a two week load history to be stored. In order 13~3~29 to prevent data loss, the memory should be protected against a power ~ailure.
The indicator advantageously features a viewing window or display, which allows the patient to visually review his load condition and permits more accurate reading of information than afforded by an acoustic signal.
Information retrieved from memory can also be displayed in the window, an arrangement that permits both doctor and patient to review, either at ~he end of the day or during a visit, prior loading events without exacting special knowledge of computer language or hardware.
Another version of the present invention comprises connecting the electronic part to a printer for the purpose o~ printing out retrieved data. Such printing also does not require any EDP knowledge.
The input and/or retrieval device can also feature a device suitable for storing a programme medium. Such programme medium can be reference range or storage retrieval EPROMS.
The inpu~ device can also be embodied as a keypad, whereby values can either be entered or retrieved.
In addition, an auxiliary portable measuring amplifier can be connected to the electronic part, in order to process low raw data values, if at the outset of the treatment process a low load re~erence range has been selected.
It is furthermore advantageous for the microprocessor to possess a means of calibration, by means of which the ~~ measuring device can be calibrated. By using the microprocessor, the input device and the display device, it is possible to determine whether or not each sensor has transmitted the correct information and, i~ not, to correct .
.
~323~2~
this error through a correction factor during the evaluation of the raw data.
Concerning the state of the art regarding the related area of indicating the pressure profile of a loaded foot, a measuring system is known that also makes use of sensor-sole inserts in many shoe sizes, but that in addition comprises a large number of sensors for measuring pressure distribution. The evaluation o~ the information gathered requires considerable hardware and software; the operation of the system requires EDP knowledge and the system itself is concaived for use by orthopaedic surgeons or makers of orthopaedic shoes.
The present invention is described in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fi~. 1 is a side elevation of a patient wearing the proposed device;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the electronic part;
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a measuring device embodied as a disposable insertable sole;
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the proposed device; and Fig. 5 is a load time curve.
The device shown in Figs. 1 to 3 comprises a measuring device embodied as an insertable sole 1, a measurement amplifier 2 as well as an electronic unit 3. Leading away from insertable sole 1 is a wire 4 having a connection 5~ such wire being su~ficiently long to connect measuring device 1 to ~he measurement ampli~ier 2 strapped onto the malleolus. A
cable 6 having a plug 7 leads from measurement amplifier 2 to the electronic unit 3, advantageously held by means of a carrying loop 8 upon the patient's chest.
~` 30 The electronic unit 3 shown in Fig. 2 comprises a microprocessor (which is not described in further detail), an indicating system and a data memory. The indicating system comprises, in addition to an acoustic indicating device (e.g. a piezo-beeper), an optical indicating device 9 ~323~2~
provided with a display window. Electronic unit 3 possesses an input device 10 having a slot into which a prepared programme medium, such as a reference-range EPROM, can ~e inserted. Electronic unit 3 is furthermore fitted with a keypad 11, which serves either to input or retrieve data.
The insertable sole of Fig. 3 comprises essentially two plates joined together at the sdges, located betwsPn which are two force sensors 12 and 13, in the zone of the ball of the foot, and a further force sensor 14 in the zone of the heel, each sensor having a strain measurement strip.
The sensors are connected to multi-pole plug 5, which s~rves not only to trans~er raw data through the cable but also to conduct the required current ~rom the battery-operated electronic unit 3 or measurement amplifier 2. This modular arrangement, coupled with the simplicity and low cost of the sensors, permits insertable sole 1 to be used as a disposable item.
The circuit diagram of Fig. 4 corresponds to a large extent to Figs`. 1 to 3. The measurement amplifier 102, being housed inside electronic unit 103, either requires the electronic unit to be attached at the ankle or necessitates the use of a longer cable 4. Measuring device 101 features merely a pressure sensor 112, which is either implanted between two supexposed parts o~ an artificial joint or between two par~s of a brace. The other components are identified by the same reference numbers as in the previous figures.
The electronic unit 103 features, in addition to input device 11, which is embodied as a keypad, and optical indicating device 9, an acoustic indicating device 15 and an evaluating device 16, which comprises measurement ampli~ier 102, an analog-digital converter 17, an~ a microprocessor 18 having a data memory 19 and a programme memory 20. Stored in the latter are the programmes for the microprocessor-controlled processing cycles. Connecting to microprocessor 18 is an i/o ~323~2~
interface 21, which can be used, for example, for the connection of a prin~er for printing out stored data or an external input device for entering commands and data.
Fig. 5 shows a load-time curve having a curv~ constructed from raw data. Used as an example is load ~ acquired by measuring device 1, over a time (t). A load-reference range S is established on the basis o~ preset boundary values Fl, F2. Located above is an upper range which is divided by boundary value F3 into a near upper range ol and a ~ar upper range 02. Beneath load reference range S is located a lower range, which is similarly divided by a boundary value F4 into a near lower range Ul and a further lower range U2. A
~urther threshold value F5 is provided in the region of the 2ero line. The predetermined boundary values can be entered into evaluation device 16 by means of input device 11. The input step is facilitated if a fixed relationship exists e.g.
F2 = 0.8 Fl; F3 = 1.5 F1; F4 = 0.5 F2 and F5 = 0.1 F1. One need input only Fl.
The raw data curve K obtained ~rom adding the output values of sensors 12, 13, 14 has a continuous path and is tracked over a chronological cycle determined by microprocessor 18;
the thus acquired raw data are converted into digital code in the analog-digital converter 17 and fed into data memory 19.
Further analysis data are derived from such raw data with the assistance of microprocessor 18. The raw data fed to the data memory does not have to be permanently stored. The length of time the data is stored depends on the length of time required for analysis or display.
Fig. 5 shows three methods suitable for obtaining analysis data:
a) Each of the raw data maximums is obtained, so that the individual maximums Ml, M2, M3 etc. can be used as analysis data.
~323~2~
lZ
b) Times are determined, at which the raw values exceed or fall short of threshold value F5. The deviations d thus obtained can be employed as analysis data.
c) The area below curve K is integrated over loading time t. Impulse quantities A obtained can also be used as analysis data.
d) The load cycles are counted during a predetermined time period, e.g. during the course of a day. Such cycles are established by observing the number of times threshold value F5 is either exceeded or fallen short of. The load cycle count represents another analysis datum.
The loading history is thus described not only by means of the curve of raw values K, but also by means of the derived analysis data.
The analysis of this load is described in greater detail in Fig. 5 in connection with example (a). The first maximum Ml lies within reference range S, the second maximum M2 in ths near upper zone 01 and the third maximum M3 in the further lower zone U2. In the case of maximum M2, the acoustic indicator device 15 is actuated and an acoustic warning signal is emitted, since the reference range S has been exceeded.
Zones S, 01, 02, Ul, U2 constitute load classes. The purpose of subsequent analysis is served if it is determined to which load class each maximum value belongs. It is thus not necessary to know the exact value o~ the maximum figure. It is sufficient to determine only which of boundary values F
to F5 was last exceeded.
Even this indication can be further simplified through statistical values that demonstrate the number of maxima occurring, during a predetermined time period, in the individual classes, i.e. what percentage of the individual load cycles corresponds to the lndividual classes. This , :
',, :
.
`. ~ , :~32~2~
procedure permits a brief overview of the load history over a predetermined period of time.
It i5 also possible to evaluate cther analysis data by comparison with an analysis-data reference range and the relevant upper and lower zon~s. It is possible to establish relationships that reveal the mean values of the analysis data within individual load classes.
When the number of load cycles per day is of interest, the momentary load value in question is reached only at the end of the period, so that comparison with the reference range begins only at this juncture.
The raw data routed from measuring device 1 as well as the analysis data obtained therefrom, can be caused to appear at any time, if necessarily simultaneously with stored data from memory 19, in the optical indication device 9. The relevant comparative data can thus also be displayed, which permits the patient to know at any time if he can increase the load or not, and to what extent this is possible.
A~ter a period of loading, electronic unit 3 is given to the physician, who is able, by means of a retrieval device, e.g.
keypad 11, to call up to the indicator device 9, or to a printer, the stored data relating to a particular load history. The physician can use the information acquired on the load history in order to adjust the load reference range ~or the following period, and more particularly, to reset the reference ranges for the above-mentioned analysis data to accord with an optimal treatment regimen.
In one example, a reference range delimited by an upper and a lower value was input for: the maximum load force; the number of load cycles per day (number of steps) and the total energy expended per day expressed as the sum of all impulse quantities, as well as a reference range, delimited only by an upper value, for maximum load duration (step :l32~2~
duration). A warning signal is produced whenever the reference ranges for load force and step duration, is exceeded.
The patient is thus able at anytime, by pressing a button on keypad 11, to view on the optical display 9 the momentary load force, the load reference ranges (especially for load force and number of steps), the average value of the maximum current day load and the current day~s step count. The patient can review in the morning the overloading occurring on the previous day, represented by the number of excesses and the maximum value (expressed as a percentage deviation from the reference value), as well as the number of steps taken on the previous day, expressed by the step count and a deviation in percant.
The physician can, in a brief interrogation session, review from the already entered reference ranges, tha daily counts since the last visit, the average number of steps taken per day, the averags size of the load force maximums as well as the three highest individual loads. It is furthermore possible to recall the maximum and minimum number of load cycles occurring per day and the maximum and minimum average load forces par day. Moreover, a special interrogation session can serve to identify what percentage of the load cycles reached their maximum values Ml, M2, M3 within the individual load categories, the size of the average duration d o~ all load cycles as well as those of the load cycles in each of the load categories, and the average value of the total energy (expressed as the sum of the impulse quantities) expended per day as well as the percentage of total energy apportioned to each class. Such înformation affords the physician a good overview of the load hictory.
In conclusion, analysis data, obtained from the raw data, not only corresponds to the extent, duration, impulse quantity and number of individual loads, but can be mathematical 3S functions derived from one, two or three sucb valbes, and can ' ~323~2~
be expressed as functions of such values measured and/or derived over a period of time (e.g. "per day"), whereby such values can be routed either to data memory 19 as well as indicating device 9. For certain kinds of load, expressible as raw or analysis data, reference value ranges can be input through input device lO or 11. The actual value of such loads (momentary loads) are compared, with the aid of the microprocessor, with the input reference ranges. Comparative data are also fed to data memory l9 and can be routed in real lo time to indicator devices 9, lS. Statistical values are obtained from stored actual values, comparative data and other temporal values (e.g. number o~ days), with the aid of microprocessor 18. Such statistical values can be routed in real time to both the indicating devices 9, 15 and data memory l9. A certain combination of reference range, actual values, temporal values and statistical values causes one or more types of acoustical signal to be produced by acoustic signal device 15, while certain information is displayed in the optical display device.
The size of the battery or accumulator and that of the data memory l9 permit electronic apparatus 103 to function for one, two or more weeks, which allows storage of the entire load history occurring between two serial visits to the doctor. The type of memory system used~ or an auxiliary battery, ensure the protection of memorized data and the continuous running of the clock.
The calibration o~ the maasuring device entails a calibration routine being entered with the aid of keypad 11. In this mode, each force sensor 12, 13, 14 is loaded with a standard force. This calibration, can be accomplished, for example, by subjecting the sensor to loading by a local-area pressure =~ body, whereby a weighing scale positioned underneath indicates a predetermined reference value. If the latter d~es not appear in the indicating device 9, the display mus~
be altered by keypad manipulation until the desired referenGe value appears. The result of this arrangement is that all ~ 323~2~
other data from the sensor in question can be corrected for error by an adjustment ~ember employed by the microprocessor.
Shown in the embodiment examples is that measuring device 1 is connected to electronic part 3 by means of ~able 4, 6.
Alternatively, a transmitter can be integrated in the measuring device and a receiver in the electronic part for the purpose of remote data transfer.
Commercially-available components are used in the circuit~
The following components, for example, have been used:
Force sensor 12, 13, 14: Type 125 SF sensor with strain gauge strip - SK-06-125GF-20C from Measurement Group.
Analog-digital Converter 17: MAX 134 from Maxim Microcomputer with microprocessor 18, data memory 19 and program memory 20: DS 5000 from Dallas Semiconductors.
.
Claims (32)
1. A device suitable for monitoring loadings on body parts, having a measuring means for obtaining loading parameters as raw data and a portable, off-line electronic unit fed with said raw data from said measuring means, said electronic unit having an input device suitable for entering a load reference range, an analytical device and an indicating device for indicating when said reference range is exceeded by values in said raw data, characterized in that the analytical device comprises a microprocessor and a data memory, that the raw data from the measuring means and analysis data serving to describe a loading history can be fed into said data memory, that analysis reference values for establishing loading reference ranges can be fed to the data memory from said input device, that with the assistance of the microprocessor the relationship between a momentary loading and the reference range can be calculated and the thus-obtained comparative values stored in said data memory, and that the indicating device is designed to indicate information synchronously with memorization and/or that stored data concerning a loading history can be retrieved by means of a retrieval device.
2. A device in accordance with Claim 1, wherein the measuring means is capable of measuring a loading force,
3. A device in accordance with Claim 1 wherein the measuring means is capable of measuring a localized loading force.
4. A device in accordance with Claim 1, wherein the measuring means is capable of measuring a kinetic quantity.
5. A device in accordance with Claim 1, wherein the measuring means is suitable for positioning underneath the sole of a foot.
6. A device in accordance with Claim 5, whereby the measuring device is formed from two essentially inflexible plates, between which are situated three sensors.
7. A device in accordance with Claim 6, wherein said plates form an insertable sole, wherein two of said sensors are arranged in the zone of the ball of the foot and one of said sensors is arranged in the zone of the heel.
8. A device in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein one or more measuring means is capable of being implanted in a body.
9. A device in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein one or more measuring means is suitable for attachment to a unit selected from the group consisting of an orthotic device and a mechanical locomotion aid.
10. A device in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein said analysis data is obtained from said raw data with the aid of the microprocessor.
11. A device in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the loading is carried out in cycles and raw data maxima pertaining to each load cycle can be obtained from the microprocessor in the form of analysis data.
12. Device in accordance with Claim 1, wherein said analysis data is obtained from analyzing said raw data in conjunction with temporal values.
13. A device in accordance with Claim 12, whereby relevant load periods within each load cycle can be obtained in the form of analysis data.
14. A device in accordance with Claim 13, whereby the microprocessor assists in determining the time lapse between instances when the loading exceeds or falls short of a threshold value in the raw data.
15. A device in accordance with Claim 12, wherein impulse quantities of a load parameter/time curve can be obtained in each load cycle in the form of analysis data.
16. A device in accordance with Claim 15, wherein a surface integral can be obtained with the aid of said microprocessor from the temporally serial raw data.
17. A device in accordance with Claim 12, wherein the number of load cycles occurring within a preset time frame can be obtained in the form of an analysis datum.
18. A device in accordance with Claim 1, wherein statistical values can be calculated with the aid of the microprocessor from data stored in the data memory, said statistical values capable of being displayed in the indicating device and/or, for the purpose of subsequent recall, being fed into data memory.
19. A device in accordance with Claim 18, wherein said analysis data obtained during each load cycle can be sorted into classes, of which one is assigned to a reference range, one or more to an upper range, and one or more to a lower range.
20. A device in accordance with Claim 18 wherein percentages, used as statistical values, can be obtained, corresponding to the counts of said analysis data classified in the individual classes, said statistical values being relative to the total number of load cycles occurring over a predetermined time frame.
21. A device in accordance with Claim 18, Claim 19 or Claim 20 wherein raw data maxima of individual load cycles occurring during a predetermined time frame can be sorted in load classes and the respective mean values of the analysis data can be obtained in the form of statistical values.
22. A device in accordance with Claim 18, Claim 19 or Claim 20 wherein the mean values of analysis data relating to all of the load cycles occurring during a predetermined time frame can be obtained in the form of statistical values.
23. A device in accordance with Claim 1, Claim 2 or Claim 3, wherein a power supply is provided for the data memory and the power supply has a capacity that permits operation for more than one week.
24. A device in accordance with Claim 1, wherein the indicating device includes a display window.
25. A device in accordance with Claim 24, wherein the recalled stored data can be displayed in said display window.
26. A device in accordance with Claim 1, Claim 2 or Claim 3, wherein said electronic unit can, in order to print out stored data relating to a loading history, be connected to a printer.
27. A device in accordance with Claim 1, Claim 2 or Claim 3, wherein said input device and/or retrieval device feature a means of accommodating a prepared programme medium.
28. A device in accordance with one Claim 1, Claim 2 or Claim 3, wherein said input device and/or said retrieval device comprise a keypad.
29. A device in accordance with Claim 1, Claim 2 or Claim 3, wherein said microprocessor incorporates a calibration routine, by means of which said measuring device can be calibrated.
30. A device for monitoring loadings on body parts, comprising:
measuring means for measuring loadings on said body part and presenting said measurements as raw data; and a portable electronic unit for receiving said raw data from said measuring means;
said electronic unit comprising:
an analytical device having a microprocessor and a data memory;
an input device suitable for entering load reference ranges into said analytical device; and an indicating device for indicating data received from said analytical device;
wherein said microprocessor is adapted to operate according to a predetermined programme to generate desired analysis data from said raw data and said load reference ranges and wherein said analysis data can be stored in said data memory.
measuring means for measuring loadings on said body part and presenting said measurements as raw data; and a portable electronic unit for receiving said raw data from said measuring means;
said electronic unit comprising:
an analytical device having a microprocessor and a data memory;
an input device suitable for entering load reference ranges into said analytical device; and an indicating device for indicating data received from said analytical device;
wherein said microprocessor is adapted to operate according to a predetermined programme to generate desired analysis data from said raw data and said load reference ranges and wherein said analysis data can be stored in said data memory.
31. A device for monitoring loads on parts of the body, comprising a first unit for measuring a load-related parameter and generating raw data representing the parameter; and a portable, off-line, electronic second unit having a microprocessor, a memory for analysis data representing loading history, means for entry of the raw data in said memory, and means for entering reference data in said memory and producing a visual representation of data in said memory, said microprocessor having means for comparing instantaneous load-related data with a reference range derived from the reference data, and means for transferring the resulting comparative data to said memory.
32. Arrangement for checking loads on parts of the body, such as the apparatus of locomotion of the legs, having a measuring arrangement for establishing a load parameter and a network-independent, portable electronics portion which is supplied with the measurement data of the measuring arrangement and has an input arrangement for the input of a desired load range, an evaluating arrangement and a display arrangement, in particular for the display of instances when the desired range is exceeded, characterised in that the evaluating arrangement has a microprocessor and a data store, in that it is possible to supply to the data store measurement data from the measuring arrangement and further analysis data which is used to describe the load history, in that desired analysis data values can be supplied to the data store from the input arrangement for the purpose of setting a desired load range, in that the electronics portion, with the aid of the microprocessor, compares the instantaneous load with the desired range and stores the comparison data thus obtained, and in that the display arrangement is designed to give a display simultaneously with the storage and/or in that stored data of a load history can be retrieved by means of a retrieving arrangement.
Priority Applications (10)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19873714218 DE3714218A1 (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1987-04-29 | THERAPEUTIC PROTECTIVE DEVICE AGAINST OVERLOAD OF THE HUMAN MOTORIZED APPARATUS, SOCIAL FOOT SCALE |
| PCT/EP1988/000354 WO1988008275A1 (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-04-27 | Device for monitoring loads exerted on parts of the body |
| JP63503670A JP2688513B2 (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-04-27 | Device that monitors the load on the legs |
| US07/434,676 US5042504A (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-04-27 | Device for monitoring loads exerted on parts of the body |
| EP88903816A EP0359760B1 (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-04-27 | Device for monitoring loads exerted on parts of the body |
| DE88903816T DE3880314D1 (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-04-27 | Limb loading monitor for physiotherapy exercise device |
| AU16854/88A AU611910B2 (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-04-27 | Device for monitoring loads exerted on parts of the body |
| CA000581656A CA1323429C (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-10-28 | Device suitable for monitoring loadings on body parts |
| LTIP501A LT3487B (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1993-04-30 | Device and method for controling of charge to parts of the body |
| LVP-93-581A LV10208B (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1993-06-15 | Load controlling apparatus for feet |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19873714218 DE3714218A1 (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1987-04-29 | THERAPEUTIC PROTECTIVE DEVICE AGAINST OVERLOAD OF THE HUMAN MOTORIZED APPARATUS, SOCIAL FOOT SCALE |
| CA000581656A CA1323429C (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-10-28 | Device suitable for monitoring loadings on body parts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1323429C true CA1323429C (en) | 1993-10-19 |
Family
ID=25672205
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000581656A Expired - Fee Related CA1323429C (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-10-28 | Device suitable for monitoring loadings on body parts |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5042504A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0359760B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2688513B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU611910B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1323429C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3714218A1 (en) |
| LT (1) | LT3487B (en) |
| LV (1) | LV10208B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1988008275A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (84)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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-
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- 1987-04-29 DE DE19873714218 patent/DE3714218A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
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- 1988-04-27 JP JP63503670A patent/JP2688513B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-27 DE DE88903816T patent/DE3880314D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-27 AU AU16854/88A patent/AU611910B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-04-27 US US07/434,676 patent/US5042504A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-27 WO PCT/EP1988/000354 patent/WO1988008275A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1988-04-27 EP EP88903816A patent/EP0359760B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-10-28 CA CA000581656A patent/CA1323429C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1993
- 1993-04-30 LT LTIP501A patent/LT3487B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-15 LV LVP-93-581A patent/LV10208B/en unknown
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|---|---|
| AU1685488A (en) | 1988-12-02 |
| EP0359760A1 (en) | 1990-03-28 |
| JPH02503274A (en) | 1990-10-11 |
| US5042504A (en) | 1991-08-27 |
| EP0359760B1 (en) | 1993-04-14 |
| DE3880314D1 (en) | 1993-05-19 |
| LT3487B (en) | 1995-11-27 |
| AU611910B2 (en) | 1991-06-27 |
| WO1988008275A1 (en) | 1988-11-03 |
| LTIP501A (en) | 1995-01-31 |
| JP2688513B2 (en) | 1997-12-10 |
| LV10208B (en) | 1995-08-20 |
| LV10208A (en) | 1994-10-20 |
| DE3714218A1 (en) | 1988-12-01 |
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