CA1327527C

CA1327527C - Skin care compositions

Info

Publication number: CA1327527C
Application number: CA000573865A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Victoria Fabiano Dole; Simon Digby Monks; Robert Joseph Verdicchio
Original assignee: Johnson and Johnson Consumer Products Inc
Current assignee: Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc
Priority date: 1987-08-06
Filing date: 1988-08-04
Publication date: 1994-03-08
Anticipated expiration: 2011-03-08
Also published as: ES2046303T3; AU607246B2; MX165436B; JPH01100111A; JP2744020B2; BR8803899A; US4847068A; AU2049788A; EP0307086A1; PT88200B; GR880100517A; DE3885049T2; NZ225643A; DE3885049D1; ZA885789B; GR1000306B; EP0307086B1; PT88200A

Abstract

SKIN CARE COMPOSITIONS

Abstract of the Disclosure An aerosol mousse skin care composition comprising mineral oil, an emulsifier, water and a suitable propellant which exhibits desirable foam characteristics, good feel and is non-greasy.

Description

~327527 SKIN CARE COMPOSITIQNS

Backqround of the Invention This invention relates to a skin care product. More particularly, the present invention relates to aerosol mousse skin care products containing mineral oil.

Skin care products such as conditioners and moisturizPrs are generally available in the form of lotions and creams. Although many such lotions and creams are foxmulated to be non-greasy, practically all such products are perceived to be somewhat greasy to the touch. In recent years, some attempts have been made to provide such products in aerosol mousse formulations. Often, these have involved no more than making minor modifications of e~isting skin care lotion formulations and pressurizing them by the addition of propellants. Such lotion formulations traditionally contain relatively high amounts ` of surfactants, including metallic soap surfactants.
Since most of these formulations are emulsions in the lotion format and provide some foam attributes, it is not unexpected that by adding a propellant they will foam when dispensed.

U.S. Patent No. 4,627,973 discloses skin mousse formulations comprising a combination of at least three skin moisturizers, emollients and/or emulsifiers, namely an alkoxylated methyl glucose derivative, an alko~ylated lanolin derivative and acetylated lanolin alcohol as well as other optional ingredients and a hydrocarbon propellant. U.K. Patent Application No. 2 172 298 A
discloses mild skin cleaning mousse formulations ` 35 containing surfactants, moisturizers and water as well as , ~
' 13275~

a propellant. UOS. Patent Nos. 4,536,390 and 4,567,038 disclose hair products that may be formulated as mousse products. U.S. Patent No, 3,959,160 discloses aerosol shaving foam compositions which comprise soaps or non-soap anionic surfactants and fatty alcohols and may also contain up to 5% glycerin.

There are currently available in the marketplace various mineral oil products for skin care, conditioning and cleansing. These products normally are non-aqueous formulations containing mineral oil and a ragrance.
These products condition and cl~anse the skin and impart a - smoother feel thereto but when first placed on the skin until rubbed in they are perceived by some consumers to be greasy. 8uch products are not currently commercially available in mousse formulations.

Summary of the Invention It is an object of this invention to provide improved skin care compositions.

It is another obj~ct of this invention to provide aerosol ~5 mousse skin care compnsitions.
. , It is a still further object of this invention to provide aerosol mousse skin care compositions that are non-greasy.
., .
These and other objects and features of the present invention will become readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the detailed description hereinafter.

~5 ; ~ .
:,'' ' ' :
,; .

~327~27 ~he foregoing objects and other features and advantages of the present invention are achieved by specific aerosol mousse skin care compositions containing mineral oil.

Detailed Descri~tiQn oE the Invention This invention relates to aerosol mousse skin care compositions containing mineral oil. When the term "mousse" is utiliz~d herein, it is intended to cover a product with a pressurized foam delivery system. These compositions provide conditioning and cleansing attributes and a desirable skin feel combined with a rich, creamy foam without the undesirable greasy feel normally associated with mineral oil compositions.

The compositions of the present invention comprise from `~ about 5.0 to 25.0% by weight of the total composition mineral oil; from about 0.5 to 1.5~ by weight of the total composition of a nonionic emulsifier; from about 66.5 to 91.5% by weight of the to~al composition water; and from about 3 . O~D to 7.0% by weight of the total composition of a suitable propellant. The compositions may also optionally contain small amounts of fragrance and preservatives.
~5 The mineral oil which is useful in the compositions of the present i~vention is any cosmetically acceptable mineral oil. By "cosmetically acceptable", it is meant any mineral oil that when incorporated into the compositions of the present invention results in suitable skin feel, acceptable foam characteristics and desirable, non-greasy attributes. Mineral oil is a mi~ture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum and may also contain a sllitable stabilizer. A suitable mineral oil should also meet USP or NF grade standards. A preferred mineral oil ~P 268 : , .,: ' ~.- ~ -.

~L327~27 is sold under the trademark BLANDOL by Witco Chemical, New York, N.Y..

The mineral oil is present in an amount of from about 5.0 to 25.0% by weight of the total composition, preferably about 10.0% by weight. If less than about 5.0% by weight is utilized, the resulting compositions will not have the desired conditionin~, cleansing and feel characteristics ;~ and if greater than about 25.0% by weight is utilized, the resulting compositions may e~hibit poor foam characteristics and may also be perceived as greasy. It is believed that these characteristics can be controlled by adjusting the other components of the composition and i therefore amounts of mineral oil greater than about 25%
may be satisfactory in some compositions.
.~
The nonionic emulsifiers which are useful in the compositions of the present invention are specific etho2ylated fatty alcohols, i.e., those having a saturated hydrocarbon chain length of Cl6 to C18 and a suitable , polyoxyethylene chain length, i.e., less than 10.
i Specific etho~lated fatty alcohols include polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether sold under the trademark BRIJ 72 by ICI Americas, Wilmington, Delaware and ~olyo~yethylene (2) cetyl ether sold under the trademark BRIJ 52 by ICI Americas, Wilimington, Delaware. It is also possible to utilize mi~tures of ethoxylated fatty alcohols including ethoxylated fatty alcohols that are not useful alone. Furthermore, it is possible to utilize mixtures of ethoxylated fatt~ alcohols and ~hosphate esters such as those available under the trademark CRODAPHOS SG from Croda, Inc., New York, N.Y., mixtures of ethoxylated fatty alcohols with mixtures of fatty alcohols and ethox~lated sorbi~tan esters such as those available under the trademark POLAWAX A31 from Croda, Inc., New ., .,.'', ~

,:, .

~.:,:, . , ~ .: , ,.:

_ 5 _ ~327~27 York, N.Y. and mixtures of etho~ylated fatty alcohols with silicone surfactants such as those available under the trademark DOW CORNING 193 ~ilicone surfactant froM Dow Corning Corp., Midland, Michigan.

The emulsifier is present in an amount of from about 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of the total composition, preferably about 1.0 to 1.2%. If less than about 0.5% by weight is utilized, the resulting compositions will not form satisfactory emulsions and little or no foam will be generated. If greater than about 2.0% by weight is utilized, the resulting compositions may lose some of their desirable non-greasy attributes and the conditioning benefits of the mineral oil could be decreased.
-` 15 It is surprising that such a relatively small amount of emulsifier can produce an effective foam. This is even more surprising since it is well-known that mineral oil acts as a defoamer and is known to be difficult to emulsify. Mineral oil lotion compositions require large amounts of emulsifiers to obtain a useful emulsion due to these characteristics of mineral oil. While applicants do not wish to be bound by the folLowing e~planation, it is believed that the specific compositions of the present i, 25 invention have the necessary surface properties to provide `~ a basis for a stable interfacial film between the air ; liquid and solid ~hases resulting in a stable mousse ~ product.

; 30 Water is present in the compositions of the present invention in an amount of from about 66.5 to 91.0% by - weight of the total composition.

The compositions of the present invention may optionally ~5 contain small amounts of a preservative such asDOWICIL

.... .
' JBP 268 :,.,. . :,. . . . .

:' ; .. ~ ' ,, - 6 - ~ 32~27 200, Dow Chemical Company's trademark for the cis isomer of 1-(3-chloroalkYl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantine - chloride and KATHON CG, Rohm & Haas' trademark for methyl-and methylchloro- isothiazolinones and from about 0.05% to 0.25% by weight of a suitable fragrance.

It has further been found that the selection o~ a specific propellant is important to obtain the desired characteristics in the compositions of the present invention. Not all the propellants normally utilized in such compositions are useful in the present invention.
For e~ample, hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon mixtures such as butane, isobutane and propane are not particularly useful, i.e., produce a less satisfactory foam, and furthermore these propellants result in flammable ormulations.
Propellants which are useful in the present invention ; include fluorinated hydrocarbons such as l,l-difluoroethane, l-chloro~ difluoroethane, chlorodifluoromethane and mi2tures thereof. These ; 20 propellants are available under the DYMEL trademar~ from E. I. DuPont de Nemours, Wilmin9ton, Delaware. Other propellants which are useful are the haIogenated hydrocarbons available under the FREON trademark from DuPont. These propellants result in the compositions e~hibiting good foam characteristics, and furthermore the resulting formulations are not flammable. It is also possible to use mixtures of these propellants with known hydrocarbon propellants which may not be useful alone.
The propellants should be utilized in an amount from about 3.0% to 7.0% by weight of the total composition preferably about 3.5% to 4.5%.

The compositions of the pre5ent invention can be prepared by first dissolving the emulsiier into the mineral oil followed by the addition of this mi~ture into deionized , ~i : ;

., ;"
, ,:
., ... .

. . . : : , .
:.
,.: :...... .
,- . . . . .
i:,, - , . , _ 7 _ ~32~27 water to form an emulsion. The emulsions are then pressurized with a suitable propellant according to conventional means and utilizing conventional packaging.

Specific embodiments of the compositions prepared in accordance with the present invention are illustrated by the following representative e~amples. It will be understood, however, that the invention is not confined to the specific limitations set forth in the individual e~amples, but rather to the scope of the appended claims.

E~am~le I

A mousse skin care composition is prepared as follows: In a suitable vessel are combined 100 grams of light mineral oil (Mineral Oil, NF) and 12 grams of BRIJ 72 (polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether). The mi~ture is stirred and heated to 50 C to provide a clear solution;
In a separate vessel 886.0 grams of water are heated to 50C. The mineral oil-emulsifier solution is then stirred into the water to form an emulsion. The emulsion ; is cooled and a preservative (KATHON CG, 0.5 g) and fragrance (1.5 grams) are added. The resulting emulsion product is mi~ed until uniform.
~"
The emulsion is filled into a suitable aerosol package of ` conventional type together with the propellant (l,l-difluoroethane) in the proportion of 96.5 parts o the above emulsion to 3.5 parts of propellant. The package is completed by attachment of a suitable dispensing valve and actuator to form the finished product.
., :
, .
:.

.:~
.. . . .

-I

: :. :
: . - , ~ , :, - 8 - ~3~7~27 ~he product has the following formulation:

~ wt/wt 5 mineral oil 9.65 polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether (sold under the trademark BRIJ 72 by ICI Americas) 1.16 fragrance 0.14 propellant 3.50 deionized water q.s. to 100.00 The resulting product can be tested for foam quality by - inspection and by a standard test method. It can also ~ tested for use characteristics by individual and panel ;; methods of application and evaluation.

The visual inspec~ion for foam cLu~lity is an esamination for a desirable "creamy" textur~ and appearance comprising uniform, small bubble formation, foam stability on ; dispensing and suitable spreading on the skin. The proper foam consistency i5 judged by dispensing a small quantity of mousse foam on a flat solid substrate, which is then ; inclined to a near-vertical orientation. The minimum criterion for foam quality is that the dispensed foam does not run down the inclined surface over a period of one minute.
Use characteristics are evaluated by methods involving controlled application to simulate product use, followed by individual rating and assessment of such factors as spreading, quic~s-breaking of the mousse foam, greasiness, .
. .
:, , ~, ,','. ~

.~. :, , , . .. . . .
:

~3~7~27 g tackiness and speed of rub-in, as well as accessory characteristics such as fra~rance pre~erences.

The standard test method for foam density involves dispensing the mousse foam from a composition previously stabilized at standard temperature, into a standard volumetric cone. The empty cone is weighed and the cone is then filled with water and weighed to determine the volume of the cone. The clean ~mpty cone is then tared and the mousse foam is dispensed through a small orifice at the small end of the cone in such a manner as to completely and uniformly fill the cone. Excess foam is removed from the large end opening of the cone by use of a straight-edge tool, and the filled cone is weighed. The foam density is then determined as a ratio of the weight of the mousse foam filling the cone divided by the volume ` of the cone previously determined .

The product of E~ample I gives a desirable foam upon visual examination and exhibits a satisfactory foam density when tested according to the abo~e procedure.

Example II

~ mousse skin care composition is prepared according to .

' `
.:, ~ 3~
~ .
;' , ,'.
~ 35 ~' ~` JBP 268 .

: . . , . ' , ':

~327527 the procedure of Example I and has the following formulation:

% wt/~t S
. mineral oil 9.65 BRIJ 72 1.16 KATHON CG 0 . 05 fragrance 0.14 10 propellant (l,l-difluoroethane) 3.00 deionized water q.s. to 100 When tested according to the procedure of E~ample I, this .. composition exhibits desirable foam quality and the resulting composition is not flammable according to ASTM
Tag Open-Cup Test Procedure D1310-85.

When the propellant of-the above composition is replaced by a hydrocarbon propellant comprisin~ a 20/80 mi~ture of propane and isobutane, the foam quality and density is not as desirable, and furthermore the resulting composition is .
flammable.

Example III
~ ~ .
.:j A mousse skin care composition is prepared according to . i, .i, .
.. ..

. !
' , . . .
~",i .
., 35 .:
:,;
`- JBP 268 . ' , . .

............ , :: . :~ .
. ~ - , . . ,; ; , , 11 1327~27 : the procedure of Example I and has the following composition:
% wt/wt 5 mineral oil 9.50 BRIJ 72 1.14 KATHON CG .S
fragrance 0.15 `~ propellant (l,l~difluoroethane) 5.00 : 10 deionized water q.s. to 100 ~,~
When tested according to the procedure of Example I, the :~ composition has satisfactory foam qualit~, although of a drier texture, and thus with less satisfactory spreading characteristics than the foam resulting from the composition of Example II.
, Example IV
. A mousse skin care composition is prepared according to the procedure of E~ample I and has the following composition:
':
~ 25 % wt/wt ~, mineral oil 9.65 .,, ~ .

30 fragrance 0.15 propellant (l,l-difluoroethane) 3.5 ;. deionized water q.s. to 100 ':, When tested according to the procedure of Example I, the composition has satisfactory foam quality, although the ,~
~, JBP 268 - A;

,, .... ., . . .~. ....

.. . - . . ,. ~, , ~ ~ ., i " , , - .~ . ,, - 12 - 1~27~2~
dispensing texture and flow characteristics are those of a thinner, runnier foam with a shorter break time.

Example v :
A mousse skin care composition is prepared according to the procedure of Example I and has the following composition:
% wt/wt ~ mineral oil 19.30 ; BRIJ 72 1. 54 KATHON CG 0 . 05 fragrance 0.20 propellant (l,l-difluoroethane~ 3.50 deionized water q.s. to lO0 , When tested according to the procedure of E~ample I, this composition e~hibits a desirable, creamy foam quality.

When e~amined for use characteristics, this composition is i found to be satisfactory, with a satisfactory rub-in 25 characteristics and a substantial protective feeling without greasiness.

::, '~; E~ample VI

A mousse skin care composition is prepared according to , ,, ,i~
;~ 35 ~,., ..~, . -- , .
i JBP 268 .", ~,., i., ,:
, . . .
:i ~:,' . ' ' ~ ': .

- 13 - ~32752 the procedure of Example I and has the following composition:

% wt/wt mineral oil 9.65 polyoxyethylene (4) lauryl ether (sRIJ 30) 1.16 KATHON CG 0 . 0 5 lO fragrance 0.15 propellant (l,l-difluoroethane) 3.50 : deionized water q.s. to lO0 When tested according to the procedure of E~ample I, this :~, 15 composition exhibits unsatisfactory foam quality. The ` mousse foam is of thin and runny consistency, with irregular bubble size and e~cessively quick breaking character.

E2amPle VII

;'~ A mousse skin care composition concentrate is prepared `, according to the procedure for preparing the emulsion part `, 25 of Example I and has the following composition:
.
., % wt/wt `:~
. J
.. mineral oil lO.00 .~ 30 polyoxyethylene (2~ oleyl ether (BR~J 93) 1.20 : ~CAT~ION CG 0 5 : . .
., fragrance 0.15 ~:.l deionized water q.s. to 100 , 35 ....
:., P 268 ., :., ~ ~ ~

. , .
. , . . . .;.. -: , 1327~27 -- 1'1 --When e~amined for suitable emulsion characteristics, the composition is found to be unsatisfactory for use in aerosol mousse applications. It has a poor emulsion uniformity, with poor stability of the emulsion form, that is, it exhibits separation of the oil and water phases in a short pexiod of time and is not suitable for use in an aerosol composition.

Exam~le VIII

A mousse skin care composition is prepar2d according to the procedure of Example I and has the following composition:

% wt/wt mineral oil 9.65 BRI,J 72 0.78 sRIJ 30 0.39 KATHON~ CG 0.05 fragrance 0.15 propellant (l,l-difluoroethane~ 3.50 deionized water q.s. to 100 `~ 2~
:: ,.
~ When e~amined according to the procedure of E2ample I, the ; ,--~`
- composition is found to have desirable mousse foam characteristics, with uniform small bubble size, good spreading characteristics and good foam stability.
:, ,~ 30 Example IX
, .
A mousse skin care composition is prepared according to ,, _ ~: . ' ' '' ' ' - 15 - 1327~27 the procedure of E~ample I and has the following composition:

% wt~wt .~' S
I mineral oil 9.65 ~RIJ 72 0.68 . POLA~7AX A31 (a cetearyl alco-hol sorbitan ester composi-tion sold by Croda, Inc.; falling within the scope of the NF
description of "Emulsifying wa~, NF") 0.48 15 KATHON CG 0.05 fragrance 0.15 propellant (l,l-difluoroethane) 3.50 deionized water q.s. to l00 , . ..
;.l 20 When e~amined according to the procedure of E~ample I, the.` composition is found to have desirable mousse oam ;:i characteristics, uniform small bubble size, good spreading ~..j ~ characteristics and good foam stability. In use, the j product gives a smooth, non-tacky, non-greasy feel on the skin.

.E~am~le X
;:, l 30 A mousse skin care composition is prepared according to , - .
,~, 35 "'I

~A "
. . , ~, . .

-, , - . . . . ..
,.,~ , . . .
. . . . .

~327527 the procedure of Example I and has the following composition:

% wt/w~

mineral oil 9.65 BRI~ 72 0 . 97 CROr)APHOS SG 0 . 20 10 fragrance 0.15 ~ propellant (l,l-difluoroethane) 3.50 deionized water q.s. to lO0 When examined according to the procedure of Example I, the composition is found to have desirable mousse foam characteristics, uniform small bubble size, good spreading characteristics.and good foam stability. In use, the : product provides a smooth, non-tacky, non-greasy feel on j the skin.

.' . E~ample XI
;.~
.`~ A mousse skin care composition is prepared according to ~ 5 :~
.. ..
"`"1 ' .~
~ 30 . .
,~.;
..1 `1 ~ JBP 268 ,., : . . .
: , . , :. ' :

~32~27 the procedure of Example I and has the following composition:

~ rlt/-~Jt mineral oil 9.65 BRIJ 72 0.97 silicone surfactant (sold under the tr~demark DOW
CORNIN~ 193 silicone surfactant by Dow Corning Corp.) 0.20 KATHON CG o o 5 fragrance 0.15 15 propellant (l,l-difluoroethane) 3.50 ~;. deionized water q.s. to 100 . ., When examined according to the procedure of E~ample I, the composition is found to have desirable mousse foam characteristiCs, uniform small bubble size, good spreading characteristics and good foam stability. In use, the ~` product provides a smooth, non-tacky, non-greas~ feel on , the skin.

In addition to the preferred embodiments described herein, other embodiments, arrangements and variations within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims will occur to those skilled in the art.
, ! O

, 30 . .
~,~
, ;, .
:' ., .

? 268 :'.
A~
., ' `
~ .
~'~` ' . ' ,.

.. . . . . .

:.

Claims

1. A skin care composition to be dispensed from a pressurized aerosol container comprising:
(a) from about 5.0 to 25.0% by weight of the total composition mineral oil;
(b) from about 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of the total composition of an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated fatty alcohols having a saturated hydrocarbon chain length of 16 to 18 and a polyoxyethylene chain length of less than 10 and mixtures of said ethoxylated fatty alcohols with other ethoxylated fatty alcohols, mixtures of fatty alcohols and ethoxylated sorbitan esters phosphate esters or silicone surfactants;
(c) from about 3.0 to 7.0% by weight of the total composition of a propellant selected from the group consisting of fluorinated hydrocarbons, chloro-fluorinated hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons and fluorinated hydrocarbons or chloro-fluorinated hydrocarbons; and (d) the balance water.

2. The skin care composition of claim 1 wherein the emulsifier is polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether.

3. The skin care composition of claim 1 wherein the emulsifier is polyoxyethylene (2) cetyl ether.

4. The skin care composition of claim 1 wherein the propellant is a fluorinated hydrocarbon.

5. The skin care composition of claim 1 wherein the propellant is 1,1-difluoroethane.

6. The skin care composition of claim 1 containing about 10% by weight of the total composition of mineral oil.

7. The skin care composition of claim 1 containing about 1.0 to 1.2% by weight of the total composition of the emulsifier.

8. The skin care composition of claim 1 containing about 3.5 to 4.5% by weight of the total composition of the propellant.