CA1332153C - Encapsulated humectant - Google Patents
Encapsulated humectantInfo
- Publication number
- CA1332153C CA1332153C CA000608638A CA608638A CA1332153C CA 1332153 C CA1332153 C CA 1332153C CA 000608638 A CA000608638 A CA 000608638A CA 608638 A CA608638 A CA 608638A CA 1332153 C CA1332153 C CA 1332153C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- humectant
- paucilamellar lipid
- lipid vesicle
- polyoxyethylene
- paucilamellar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/14—Liposomes; Vesicles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/127—Liposomes
- A61K9/1271—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers
- A61K9/1272—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers with substantial amounts of non-phosphatidyl, i.e. non-acylglycerophosphate, surfactants as bilayer-forming substances, e.g. cationic lipids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/127—Liposomes
- A61K9/1277—Processes for preparing; Proliposomes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
- C11D17/0017—Multi-phase liquid compositions
- C11D17/0021—Aqueous microemulsions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
- C11D17/0026—Structured liquid compositions, e.g. liquid crystalline phases or network containing non-Newtonian phase
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S424/00—Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
- Y10S424/04—Dandruff
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2984—Microcapsule with fluid core [includes liposome]
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An humectant for use in external animal care products comprising the moisturizer encapsulated in a paucilamellar lipid vesicle with an oil filled center, said paucilamellar lipid vesicle having a nonphospholipid surfactant as its major lipid component, said nonphospholipid surfactant being selected from a group consisting of polyoxyethylene acyl ethers; glycerol monostearate; glycerol monooleate; polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleates, palmitates, and stearates, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers and polyoxyethylene cetyl ethers.
An humectant for use in external animal care products comprising the moisturizer encapsulated in a paucilamellar lipid vesicle with an oil filled center, said paucilamellar lipid vesicle having a nonphospholipid surfactant as its major lipid component, said nonphospholipid surfactant being selected from a group consisting of polyoxyethylene acyl ethers; glycerol monostearate; glycerol monooleate; polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleates, palmitates, and stearates, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers and polyoxyethylene cetyl ethers.
Description
^ 1332153 :~ ~
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ENCAPSU~ATED HVMECTANT : .
~,'-', i 1 ~ackg~o~nd o~_~he Invention ~i ~. . . . .
"
The present in~ention relates to humectants - ~ ;;
or moisturizers for personal or animal care products which are encapsulate~ in lipid vesicles. Lipid vesicle encapsulation provides controlled deli~e!ry ~ ~
; aD~ perm~ts use o~ incompatible ingredients. ~The -~i umectant o~the inventioD is particularly useful as ;~
D ~moisturizer~for ~ternal use, e.g., as an~ada~tiYe ~' iD medicated shampoos.
10~ PhospholiQids~ar~ the ba-is of mo~t lipl~
esi;c~es~tr~e~ to date becausei of thèir chemi~c~
o ~ t~ ~rm~
13321~3 membranes. However, the high cost of purifie~
phosp~olipids bas limited the~r usefulnes~ to preparations w~ich could jus~ify the larg~
expenditure. Humectants for external use, e.g., shampoos, cream rinses, skin creams, and oth~r external human or animal use, do not have ~
sufficiently high cost to make encapsulation with phospholipids economically feasible.
Surfactants and other nonphospholipi~ -vesicles make areas which heretofore fiscally infeasible now possible. For example, L'Oreal has a ~niosome~ line of products which is based on nonphospholipid materials, and the present inventor and others at Micro Vesicular Systems have developed techniques for formation and utilization of nonphospholipid materials which yield results that werè considered impossible only a few years ago.
These new technigues and materials make everyday use of lipid vesicles a reality.
Accordingly, an object of the invention is to provid- lipid vesicles which can encapsulate moisturizin~ materials to act as humectants ~n animal car- products.
Another object of the invention i8 to provido encapsulated mo~sturizers for personal care~ ;~
` product~
. ~ - ~ . ~ .
~i i A further object of the invention is to ~
prov~de a humectant in medicate~ e~ternal ~-preparations for human and animal use.
: ,.; , ~:
. .
' ~' '.' :'.,'' ~ 3 ~ 1 3321~3 These and other objects and features of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the claims.
Summary of the InventiOn The present invention features hu~ectants formed of moisturizers encapsulated in paucilamellar lipid vesicles -with an oil filled center. The invention further features shampoos and cream rinses made using the lipid vesicle encapsulated humectant. The invention is based, in part, on ~ -~
1~ the discovery that encapsulating a moisturizer in a lipid vesicle provides excellent humectant properties, with both the encapsulated moisturizex and the liquid vesicle itself having the moisturizing properties.
'The invention provides an humectant for use in 1~ external animal care products comprising the moisturizer encapsulated in a paucilamellar lipid vesicle with an oil ~
filled center, said paucilamellar lipid vesicle having a :
nonphospholipid surfactant as its major lipid component, said nonphospholipid surfactant being selected from a group 2~ consisting of polyoxyethylene acyl ethers; glycerol monostearate; glycerol monooleate; polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleates, palmitatesr and stearates, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers and polyoxyethylene cetyl ethers.
The humectant of the invention for external animal 2~ care products is formed, primarily, of a moisturizer encapsulat;ed in a paucilamellar lipid vesicle. The . ~ . .
.~ , .
- 3A - 13321 ~3 1 paucilamellar lipid vesicle provides greater stability than a unilamellar lipid vesicle while allowing greater volume of moisturizer and surrounding water than is available from classic multilamellar lipid vesicles. Preferred nonphospholipid surfactants which form the major component ::
of the paucilamellar lipid vesicles of the invention are polyoxyethylene acyl ethers, particularly those selected from a group consisting polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers and polyoxyethylene cetyl ethers, glycerol monostearate, 1~ glycerol monooleate, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleates, ;~
stearat~s and palritates. The lipid venicle may also ,. ~ .- .
_4_ 1332~3 :
1 include a sterol, e.g., cholesterol, ~ts chem~cal analogs, ana its acti~e fragments: and charge producinq agents such as oleic acid or ~ua~ernary ammonium compound~. In addition, mineral oil, which acts as an osmotic pressure mo~ify~nq agent, may be encapsulated in the vesicles for the encapsulate~
moisturizer.
.:;
The encapsulate~ humectant can be use~ in a number of ~ifferent animal care products. Shampoos, moisturizing sprays, and cream rinses which contain the encapsulated humectant and, possibly, an active hair conditioning or a medicated agent, are alfio considered part of the present invention. Exampl~s ;
of these shampoos with medicated agents include coal tar shampoo, salicylic acid-sulphur shampoos, and benzoyl peroxide shampoos. ~
Although any materials which are useful ~n ~ ~;
the manufacture of paucilamellar lipid ves~cles may be used, ~see United states Patent 4,283,257 issued August 11, 1981), one preferred paucilamellar ~ -lipid vesicle is made of polyoxyethylene 2-cetyl ether (trademark BRIJ 52, ICI Americas) blended with -~
chole~terol and a small amount of oleic acid as a charge producing agent. Although the ratio of the ingredient8 csn vsry, a 100:33:1 ratio of urfactant:sterol: charge producing agent has proved ~-efective in manufacture of the encapsulste~
humectant of the invention.
i ~ ~
`~' , ~3321~3 Description_Qf ~he_lnvent~Qn ~he present humectant or encapsulate~
moi~turizer ca~ be used in a spray form with a .
variety of carriers, or blenaea into a shampoo or cream r~nse to provi~e moisturizing when the ves~cles are ruptured or distorte~, e.g., ~uring vigorou~
rubbing. The lipia vesicles also act ag a mo~sturizer. These lipid vesicles are relatively sturdy, normally retaining their vesicle form auring 10 storage. The vesicles are as a barrier, separating the encapsulated moiæturizer from the carrier. This permits the use of materials which otherwise may not be compatible in the same product.
As noted, a variety of nonphospholipid surfactants are useful in preparing the lipid `~
vesicles of the ~nvention. Examples of these ~;~
~; surfactants include polyoxyethylene lauric, myristic, cetyl, stearic, and oleic acid esters; lauric, myristic, cetyl, unsaturated octadecyl, and 20 unsaturated eicodienoic polyoxyethylene ethers; ~;
~aprylic, lauric, myristic, and linoleic -~
diethanolamines; slucosamine, galactosamine, an~ ~ ;
N-methylglucamine long-chain acyl heYosamides;
long-chain acyl amino acia amides; polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono- ana trioleates, palmitates ana t--rate~;~polyo~yetbylene glyceryl monostearate;
glycerol monostearate; ana glycerol monooleate.
~; Additional nonphospholipia surfactants also may be ' useful ~n the invention. The only requirement for 30 these materials i8 that they form stable paucilamellar lipid vesicles which show high water uptake an~ ~oo~ mechanical sta~ ty.
~ , ,"; ':
13321~3 A variety of moisturizers can be used in the invention but agu~ous-soluble or suspenda~le moisturizers are preferre~. The high agueous volume uptake properties of the paucilamellar lipid vesicles used in this invention permit concentrated doses of the moisturizer to be deli~ere~ to the hair follicles of the animal to which the moisturizer is applie~.
In addition, the trapped water and lipids themselves have moisturizin~ properties. Mineral oil is added 10 t~ the vesicle~ for osmotic stability.
The ~ollowing examples will more clearly delineate the invention.
Exam~le 1. Encapsulated Moisturizer~
,. .~. , The encapsulated moisturizer is made by blending a lipid phase with an agueous phase at sufficiently high shear rates to produce the paucilamellar lipid vesicles. In the preferred ; - procedure, solvents for the lipids are unnecessary;
the lipids are ~ust heated to make them fluid and are - 20 reacted with the aqueous phase to make the lipi~
vesicles. The~moisturizer iæ mixed with whichever phase it best blen~s into, normalIy the agueous phase. The volumes~ in the following procedures are for a small production scale run, but large in~ustrial pro~uction ~cale runs can also be use~ by modifying the amount of material.
A. Prgparation of the ~ipophilic Phase~
~ wo diferent formulas are presently bein~ ~se~ for t~e moistur~zer of the invention.
-13321~3 ~:
Althou~h the batch sizes shown herein are unequal, any sized batc~ ~an be made by a scal~ng procedure. ~;
1~ Ap~troYimately 2.92 kg of polyosyethylen~ 2-cetyl ethex (BRIJ 52-lC~ Americas, Inc.) is mi~e~ witb 900 g cholesterol and 130 g olelc acid. Additlonal or di~ferent sur~actants may be use~ in place of part or all of the B~IJ 52. The ~;
lipophilic phase is heated to approYimately 65-C. in a mi~ing container to form a flowable lipid phase.
This flowable lipid phase is maintained at an ele~ated temperature, while mixing continuously, to ~-~
keep it homogeneous.
After blending the lipid, cholesterol and charqe-producing oleic acid, ;~
approximately 4.73 kg of heated mineral oil (Drakeol -19 or 21, Penreco) is blended with the lipid phase àt about 60C. to form a homogenous suspension of the oil in the lipi~. The mineral oil helps improve the ~-osmotic stability of the vesicles upon formation. -20 ~ ~ ~ 2) In the second procedure, -~
approximately 25.8 kg glycerol monostearate, 19.5 kg poiyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monostearate (TWEEN 6b), lO.g kg~cho~lesterol, an~ l.lS kg oleic ~ci~ ~re blende~at ~bout 65-C~ until melted an~ homogenous.
About~63.1 kg of heate~ mineral oll is blen~e~, wit~
the lipid for~about 15 minutes at 60-C., forming the lipophilic~phase .
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eparation of ~he Aqueous Phase. ;~
The a~ueous phase i8 forme~ in two part~ because of different temperatures neede~ for ingredient dissolutlon. Again, two different ~i~e batches (Bl ana ~2, corresponding to ~1 and A2), are used, but scaling to any sized batch i8 possibla.
1) ~ir~t, approYimately 68 9 of methylparaben an~ 7.57 g of propylparaben are dissolved in approximately 0.75 gal. of ~eionizea 10 water by continuously mising at 90C. until all of the inqredients are dissolve~. The methylparaben an~ -propylparaben are stabilizers and can be replaced by any other industrial stab~lizer. Once all the ætabilizers are dissolved, the mixture can be coole~
to 50-70-C.
The second portion of the aqueous phase ~s made by ~issolving approYimately 38.6 9 of KH2P04, 9.0 g NaOH, 21~ 9 NaCl, an~ 3.79 kg ~
LUBRA~E~ (vaseline-type moisturizer, Guardian ~h-~0 Chemica1 Co.) in about S~gal. of the ~eionized wator at S5-65-C. LU8RAJEL i8 a standard esternal dog and cat ækin and ha`ir moisturizer. The salt~ are mise~
first~at about~65-C. an~ the LUBRAJEL ls then ad~ea.
These ingreaients reaaily~go ~nto solution. The tabil1zér portion of th- aqueous phase i~ then added to the mo~sturizer portion and the volume i8 ad~ustea to approsimately 7.i5 gal.
2) In thi8 proce~ure, approsimately 68Q g met~ylparaben, 75.7 9 propylparaben, an~ 7 Trade Mark - , ` 13321~3 .. 9 ' ~: :
deionized water are heated to 90C. ana blenaed until ;
diss~lved. The misture is cooled and set aside for addition to ~he remainaer of the agueous phase. ~;
The second part of the agueous phase contained a~out 340 g XH2PO4, 79.9 9 NaOH, 1.~7 kg NaCl, and 37.9 ~g LUBRALJEL. The same misinq procedure as described above is then followe~
C. Formin~ the ~iPid Vesicle~
The previously formed lipid phase i~
10 maintained at approximately 50-70C. with ContinuouE
mixing while the agueous phase ifi maintained approximately 50-65C., also with continuous mising. `~
The lipid and agueous phases are pumped into a machine for formation of paucilamellar lipid vesicles manufactured by Micro Vesicular Systems, Inc. This lipid vesicle manufacturing machine has four inlet jets, two each for the lipid phase and the agueous phase. Each inlet jet is directed to àllow a substantially tangential flow of the liguid about a ~ ?
20 æubstantially cyli~drical central chamber. The lipid and agueous phases meet in the chamber, and the lipid vesicles are rapidly formed and removed through an asi~l outlet. ~ The pump spee~s for the two phsses are adju~sted to allow isufficient turbulence in the chamber to pro~uce the hiqh shear conaitions needeid ~ ~ .
for manufacture of these ~aucilamellar lipi~
vesicles. In an industrial production scale-up o~
the present Esample, the flow rate for the l~pi~i -phase is approsimately 530 m Vmin. while the flow ~ ;
".,. .,'''"'~,', ,,:~, ~,,: .
-.''''''''' ~ ~',.;., o- 13321~3 rate for the ague~us phase ~ 8 approximately 4,2G0 ml/min.
~ he formea moisturizer-containing lipi~
vesicles can be collectea an~ ~tored for use in any moisturizer-containing product.
Ex3mple 2. MoisturizinG Sha~Doo~
In this E~ample, an industrial sized batch of the lipid vesicles formed in Example 1 are usea in a otherwise relatively standard dog and cat shampoo ~;
10 to provide additional moisturizing. ~he shampoo ormula has approximately 855 kg of MS-l (Miranol Chemical Company, Inc.), a surfactant-sudsing shampoo base with polyethylene glycol derivative surfactant~
; and sudsing agents added; 85.5 kg Mirataine CBS
(cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, Miranol Chemical Company, Inc.), a sudsing agent; 8.5 kg each of Dow~cil 200~quaternium 15, Dow Chemical Company), a ~- preservative, a~d a fragrance; and 171 ~9 of the encapsulated moisturizer. All of these ingredients 20 are dissolved/suspende~ in approYimately 450 gal~. o deionizea water to form the shampoo containing the encapsulated humectant.
E~amPle 3LI Medicate~ SbamDoo.
~ n th~s Esample, a coal tar shampoo useful as an antis~e~orrheic aqent i8 ma~e using the humectant lipi~ vesicles of the invent~on. The base for the coal tar shampoo is sub~itantially the same a th3t pro~uced ln E~ampl~ 2. Compoun~i~ M$~
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, 3 3 2 1 ~ 3 ~5irataine CBS, Dowicll 200, and the lipid vesicle~
are added in the ~ame amounts as in the Exampl~ 2 shampoo. In addit~o~, ap~ro~imately 51.3 kg of Co~
Tar To~ical Solution USP (Amend Drug & Chemical Co.) and 1.1 kg ~WEE~ 80 (polysorbate 80, ICI Americas, Inc.) are addea. Because of the somewhat nosiou~
smell of the coal tar solution, the fragranca leve,l is raised to approsimately 13 kg. The same 450 gal8.
of deionized water is usedi as the liquia ~n the 10 shampoo, yield~ng approximately the same size shampoo batch.
The foregoing Esamples are purely illustrative of the procedures and materials wh~ch can be used in the present invention and are ~-```
expressly nonlimiting. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine additio~al products and procedures within the scope~ of the invention. 8uch -~ other products and procedures are encompassed within ~ the scope of the following claims. ~`~
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*Trade Mark ` ' ;'''"~' '.' ' ~
i. ..
.
; ,.",,~,......
ENCAPSU~ATED HVMECTANT : .
~,'-', i 1 ~ackg~o~nd o~_~he Invention ~i ~. . . . .
"
The present in~ention relates to humectants - ~ ;;
or moisturizers for personal or animal care products which are encapsulate~ in lipid vesicles. Lipid vesicle encapsulation provides controlled deli~e!ry ~ ~
; aD~ perm~ts use o~ incompatible ingredients. ~The -~i umectant o~the inventioD is particularly useful as ;~
D ~moisturizer~for ~ternal use, e.g., as an~ada~tiYe ~' iD medicated shampoos.
10~ PhospholiQids~ar~ the ba-is of mo~t lipl~
esi;c~es~tr~e~ to date becausei of thèir chemi~c~
o ~ t~ ~rm~
13321~3 membranes. However, the high cost of purifie~
phosp~olipids bas limited the~r usefulnes~ to preparations w~ich could jus~ify the larg~
expenditure. Humectants for external use, e.g., shampoos, cream rinses, skin creams, and oth~r external human or animal use, do not have ~
sufficiently high cost to make encapsulation with phospholipids economically feasible.
Surfactants and other nonphospholipi~ -vesicles make areas which heretofore fiscally infeasible now possible. For example, L'Oreal has a ~niosome~ line of products which is based on nonphospholipid materials, and the present inventor and others at Micro Vesicular Systems have developed techniques for formation and utilization of nonphospholipid materials which yield results that werè considered impossible only a few years ago.
These new technigues and materials make everyday use of lipid vesicles a reality.
Accordingly, an object of the invention is to provid- lipid vesicles which can encapsulate moisturizin~ materials to act as humectants ~n animal car- products.
Another object of the invention i8 to provido encapsulated mo~sturizers for personal care~ ;~
` product~
. ~ - ~ . ~ .
~i i A further object of the invention is to ~
prov~de a humectant in medicate~ e~ternal ~-preparations for human and animal use.
: ,.; , ~:
. .
' ~' '.' :'.,'' ~ 3 ~ 1 3321~3 These and other objects and features of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the claims.
Summary of the InventiOn The present invention features hu~ectants formed of moisturizers encapsulated in paucilamellar lipid vesicles -with an oil filled center. The invention further features shampoos and cream rinses made using the lipid vesicle encapsulated humectant. The invention is based, in part, on ~ -~
1~ the discovery that encapsulating a moisturizer in a lipid vesicle provides excellent humectant properties, with both the encapsulated moisturizex and the liquid vesicle itself having the moisturizing properties.
'The invention provides an humectant for use in 1~ external animal care products comprising the moisturizer encapsulated in a paucilamellar lipid vesicle with an oil ~
filled center, said paucilamellar lipid vesicle having a :
nonphospholipid surfactant as its major lipid component, said nonphospholipid surfactant being selected from a group 2~ consisting of polyoxyethylene acyl ethers; glycerol monostearate; glycerol monooleate; polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleates, palmitatesr and stearates, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers and polyoxyethylene cetyl ethers.
The humectant of the invention for external animal 2~ care products is formed, primarily, of a moisturizer encapsulat;ed in a paucilamellar lipid vesicle. The . ~ . .
.~ , .
- 3A - 13321 ~3 1 paucilamellar lipid vesicle provides greater stability than a unilamellar lipid vesicle while allowing greater volume of moisturizer and surrounding water than is available from classic multilamellar lipid vesicles. Preferred nonphospholipid surfactants which form the major component ::
of the paucilamellar lipid vesicles of the invention are polyoxyethylene acyl ethers, particularly those selected from a group consisting polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers and polyoxyethylene cetyl ethers, glycerol monostearate, 1~ glycerol monooleate, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleates, ;~
stearat~s and palritates. The lipid venicle may also ,. ~ .- .
_4_ 1332~3 :
1 include a sterol, e.g., cholesterol, ~ts chem~cal analogs, ana its acti~e fragments: and charge producinq agents such as oleic acid or ~ua~ernary ammonium compound~. In addition, mineral oil, which acts as an osmotic pressure mo~ify~nq agent, may be encapsulated in the vesicles for the encapsulate~
moisturizer.
.:;
The encapsulate~ humectant can be use~ in a number of ~ifferent animal care products. Shampoos, moisturizing sprays, and cream rinses which contain the encapsulated humectant and, possibly, an active hair conditioning or a medicated agent, are alfio considered part of the present invention. Exampl~s ;
of these shampoos with medicated agents include coal tar shampoo, salicylic acid-sulphur shampoos, and benzoyl peroxide shampoos. ~
Although any materials which are useful ~n ~ ~;
the manufacture of paucilamellar lipid ves~cles may be used, ~see United states Patent 4,283,257 issued August 11, 1981), one preferred paucilamellar ~ -lipid vesicle is made of polyoxyethylene 2-cetyl ether (trademark BRIJ 52, ICI Americas) blended with -~
chole~terol and a small amount of oleic acid as a charge producing agent. Although the ratio of the ingredient8 csn vsry, a 100:33:1 ratio of urfactant:sterol: charge producing agent has proved ~-efective in manufacture of the encapsulste~
humectant of the invention.
i ~ ~
`~' , ~3321~3 Description_Qf ~he_lnvent~Qn ~he present humectant or encapsulate~
moi~turizer ca~ be used in a spray form with a .
variety of carriers, or blenaea into a shampoo or cream r~nse to provi~e moisturizing when the ves~cles are ruptured or distorte~, e.g., ~uring vigorou~
rubbing. The lipia vesicles also act ag a mo~sturizer. These lipid vesicles are relatively sturdy, normally retaining their vesicle form auring 10 storage. The vesicles are as a barrier, separating the encapsulated moiæturizer from the carrier. This permits the use of materials which otherwise may not be compatible in the same product.
As noted, a variety of nonphospholipid surfactants are useful in preparing the lipid `~
vesicles of the ~nvention. Examples of these ~;~
~; surfactants include polyoxyethylene lauric, myristic, cetyl, stearic, and oleic acid esters; lauric, myristic, cetyl, unsaturated octadecyl, and 20 unsaturated eicodienoic polyoxyethylene ethers; ~;
~aprylic, lauric, myristic, and linoleic -~
diethanolamines; slucosamine, galactosamine, an~ ~ ;
N-methylglucamine long-chain acyl heYosamides;
long-chain acyl amino acia amides; polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono- ana trioleates, palmitates ana t--rate~;~polyo~yetbylene glyceryl monostearate;
glycerol monostearate; ana glycerol monooleate.
~; Additional nonphospholipia surfactants also may be ' useful ~n the invention. The only requirement for 30 these materials i8 that they form stable paucilamellar lipid vesicles which show high water uptake an~ ~oo~ mechanical sta~ ty.
~ , ,"; ':
13321~3 A variety of moisturizers can be used in the invention but agu~ous-soluble or suspenda~le moisturizers are preferre~. The high agueous volume uptake properties of the paucilamellar lipid vesicles used in this invention permit concentrated doses of the moisturizer to be deli~ere~ to the hair follicles of the animal to which the moisturizer is applie~.
In addition, the trapped water and lipids themselves have moisturizin~ properties. Mineral oil is added 10 t~ the vesicle~ for osmotic stability.
The ~ollowing examples will more clearly delineate the invention.
Exam~le 1. Encapsulated Moisturizer~
,. .~. , The encapsulated moisturizer is made by blending a lipid phase with an agueous phase at sufficiently high shear rates to produce the paucilamellar lipid vesicles. In the preferred ; - procedure, solvents for the lipids are unnecessary;
the lipids are ~ust heated to make them fluid and are - 20 reacted with the aqueous phase to make the lipi~
vesicles. The~moisturizer iæ mixed with whichever phase it best blen~s into, normalIy the agueous phase. The volumes~ in the following procedures are for a small production scale run, but large in~ustrial pro~uction ~cale runs can also be use~ by modifying the amount of material.
A. Prgparation of the ~ipophilic Phase~
~ wo diferent formulas are presently bein~ ~se~ for t~e moistur~zer of the invention.
-13321~3 ~:
Althou~h the batch sizes shown herein are unequal, any sized batc~ ~an be made by a scal~ng procedure. ~;
1~ Ap~troYimately 2.92 kg of polyosyethylen~ 2-cetyl ethex (BRIJ 52-lC~ Americas, Inc.) is mi~e~ witb 900 g cholesterol and 130 g olelc acid. Additlonal or di~ferent sur~actants may be use~ in place of part or all of the B~IJ 52. The ~;
lipophilic phase is heated to approYimately 65-C. in a mi~ing container to form a flowable lipid phase.
This flowable lipid phase is maintained at an ele~ated temperature, while mixing continuously, to ~-~
keep it homogeneous.
After blending the lipid, cholesterol and charqe-producing oleic acid, ;~
approximately 4.73 kg of heated mineral oil (Drakeol -19 or 21, Penreco) is blended with the lipid phase àt about 60C. to form a homogenous suspension of the oil in the lipi~. The mineral oil helps improve the ~-osmotic stability of the vesicles upon formation. -20 ~ ~ ~ 2) In the second procedure, -~
approximately 25.8 kg glycerol monostearate, 19.5 kg poiyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monostearate (TWEEN 6b), lO.g kg~cho~lesterol, an~ l.lS kg oleic ~ci~ ~re blende~at ~bout 65-C~ until melted an~ homogenous.
About~63.1 kg of heate~ mineral oll is blen~e~, wit~
the lipid for~about 15 minutes at 60-C., forming the lipophilic~phase .
*Trade ~ark ~ ;, t~
. ~ '"','~'.'`
~ "~ i r ~
eparation of ~he Aqueous Phase. ;~
The a~ueous phase i8 forme~ in two part~ because of different temperatures neede~ for ingredient dissolutlon. Again, two different ~i~e batches (Bl ana ~2, corresponding to ~1 and A2), are used, but scaling to any sized batch i8 possibla.
1) ~ir~t, approYimately 68 9 of methylparaben an~ 7.57 g of propylparaben are dissolved in approximately 0.75 gal. of ~eionizea 10 water by continuously mising at 90C. until all of the inqredients are dissolve~. The methylparaben an~ -propylparaben are stabilizers and can be replaced by any other industrial stab~lizer. Once all the ætabilizers are dissolved, the mixture can be coole~
to 50-70-C.
The second portion of the aqueous phase ~s made by ~issolving approYimately 38.6 9 of KH2P04, 9.0 g NaOH, 21~ 9 NaCl, an~ 3.79 kg ~
LUBRA~E~ (vaseline-type moisturizer, Guardian ~h-~0 Chemica1 Co.) in about S~gal. of the ~eionized wator at S5-65-C. LU8RAJEL i8 a standard esternal dog and cat ækin and ha`ir moisturizer. The salt~ are mise~
first~at about~65-C. an~ the LUBRAJEL ls then ad~ea.
These ingreaients reaaily~go ~nto solution. The tabil1zér portion of th- aqueous phase i~ then added to the mo~sturizer portion and the volume i8 ad~ustea to approsimately 7.i5 gal.
2) In thi8 proce~ure, approsimately 68Q g met~ylparaben, 75.7 9 propylparaben, an~ 7 Trade Mark - , ` 13321~3 .. 9 ' ~: :
deionized water are heated to 90C. ana blenaed until ;
diss~lved. The misture is cooled and set aside for addition to ~he remainaer of the agueous phase. ~;
The second part of the agueous phase contained a~out 340 g XH2PO4, 79.9 9 NaOH, 1.~7 kg NaCl, and 37.9 ~g LUBRALJEL. The same misinq procedure as described above is then followe~
C. Formin~ the ~iPid Vesicle~
The previously formed lipid phase i~
10 maintained at approximately 50-70C. with ContinuouE
mixing while the agueous phase ifi maintained approximately 50-65C., also with continuous mising. `~
The lipid and agueous phases are pumped into a machine for formation of paucilamellar lipid vesicles manufactured by Micro Vesicular Systems, Inc. This lipid vesicle manufacturing machine has four inlet jets, two each for the lipid phase and the agueous phase. Each inlet jet is directed to àllow a substantially tangential flow of the liguid about a ~ ?
20 æubstantially cyli~drical central chamber. The lipid and agueous phases meet in the chamber, and the lipid vesicles are rapidly formed and removed through an asi~l outlet. ~ The pump spee~s for the two phsses are adju~sted to allow isufficient turbulence in the chamber to pro~uce the hiqh shear conaitions needeid ~ ~ .
for manufacture of these ~aucilamellar lipi~
vesicles. In an industrial production scale-up o~
the present Esample, the flow rate for the l~pi~i -phase is approsimately 530 m Vmin. while the flow ~ ;
".,. .,'''"'~,', ,,:~, ~,,: .
-.''''''''' ~ ~',.;., o- 13321~3 rate for the ague~us phase ~ 8 approximately 4,2G0 ml/min.
~ he formea moisturizer-containing lipi~
vesicles can be collectea an~ ~tored for use in any moisturizer-containing product.
Ex3mple 2. MoisturizinG Sha~Doo~
In this E~ample, an industrial sized batch of the lipid vesicles formed in Example 1 are usea in a otherwise relatively standard dog and cat shampoo ~;
10 to provide additional moisturizing. ~he shampoo ormula has approximately 855 kg of MS-l (Miranol Chemical Company, Inc.), a surfactant-sudsing shampoo base with polyethylene glycol derivative surfactant~
; and sudsing agents added; 85.5 kg Mirataine CBS
(cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, Miranol Chemical Company, Inc.), a sudsing agent; 8.5 kg each of Dow~cil 200~quaternium 15, Dow Chemical Company), a ~- preservative, a~d a fragrance; and 171 ~9 of the encapsulated moisturizer. All of these ingredients 20 are dissolved/suspende~ in approYimately 450 gal~. o deionizea water to form the shampoo containing the encapsulated humectant.
E~amPle 3LI Medicate~ SbamDoo.
~ n th~s Esample, a coal tar shampoo useful as an antis~e~orrheic aqent i8 ma~e using the humectant lipi~ vesicles of the invent~on. The base for the coal tar shampoo is sub~itantially the same a th3t pro~uced ln E~ampl~ 2. Compoun~i~ M$~
" ~
.. ~; ~ .
i; ~ *Traae Mark ~ .:
` ~ ` A
. ~ b'i`~
, 3 3 2 1 ~ 3 ~5irataine CBS, Dowicll 200, and the lipid vesicle~
are added in the ~ame amounts as in the Exampl~ 2 shampoo. In addit~o~, ap~ro~imately 51.3 kg of Co~
Tar To~ical Solution USP (Amend Drug & Chemical Co.) and 1.1 kg ~WEE~ 80 (polysorbate 80, ICI Americas, Inc.) are addea. Because of the somewhat nosiou~
smell of the coal tar solution, the fragranca leve,l is raised to approsimately 13 kg. The same 450 gal8.
of deionized water is usedi as the liquia ~n the 10 shampoo, yield~ng approximately the same size shampoo batch.
The foregoing Esamples are purely illustrative of the procedures and materials wh~ch can be used in the present invention and are ~-```
expressly nonlimiting. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine additio~al products and procedures within the scope~ of the invention. 8uch -~ other products and procedures are encompassed within ~ the scope of the following claims. ~`~
': ~' . ':'' . ~
c~
r~ `. i~i~`
*Trade Mark ` ' ;'''"~' '.' ' ~
Claims (20)
1. An humectant for use in external animal care products comprising the moisturizer encapsulated in a paucilamellar lipid vesicle with an oil filled center, said paucilamellar lipid vesicle having a nonphospholipid surfactant as its major lipid component, said nonphospholipid surfactant being selected from a group consisting of polyoxyethylene acyl ethers; glycerol monostearate; glycerol monooleate; polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleates, palmitates, and stearates, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers and polyoxyethylene cetyl ethers.
2. The humectant of claim 1 wherein said paucilamellar lipid vesicle further comprises a sterol.
3. The humectant of claim 2 wherein said sterol is selected from a group consisting of cholesterol, its chemical analogs, and its active fragments.
4. The humectant of claim 1 wherein said paucilamellar lipid vesicle further comprises a charge producing agent.
5. The humectant of claim 1 wherein said paucilamellar lipid vesicles further comprise an osmotic pressure modifying agent.
6. The humectant of claim 1 wherein said paucilamellar lipid vesicles further comprise mineral oil.
7. A shampoo for pet care comprising an humectant and an active cleaning ingredient, said humectant having a moisturizer encapsulated in a paucilamellar lipid vesicle with an oil filled center, said paucilamellar lipid vesicle comprises a nonphospholipid surfactant selected from a group consisting of polyoxyethylene acyl ethers; glycerol monostearate; glycerol monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleates, palmitates, and stearates, as its major lipid component.
8. The shampoo of claim 7 wherein said paucilamellar lipid vesicle further comprises a sterol.
9. The shampoo of claim 8 wherein said sterol is selected from a group consisting of cholesterol, its chemical analogs, and its active fragments.
10. The shampoo of claim 7 wherein said paucilamellar lipid vesicle further comprises a charge producing agent.
11. The shampoo of claim 7 wherein said paucilamellar lipid vesicles further comprise mineral oil.
12. A cream rinse for pet care comprising a humectant and an active hair conditioning agent, said humectant having a moisturizer encapsulated in a paucilamellar lipid vesicle with an oil filled center, said paucilamellar lipid vesicle comprises a nonphospholipid surfactant selected from a group consisting of polyoxyethylene acyl ethers; glycerol monostearate; glycerol monooleate; and polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleates, palmitates, and stearates, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers and polyoxyethylene cetyl ethers.
13. The cream rinse of claim 12 wherein said paucilamellar lipid vesicle further comprises a sterol.
14. The cream rinse of claim 13 wherein said sterol is selected from a group consisting of cholesterol, its chemical analogs, and its active fragments.
15. The cream rinse of claim 12 wherein said paucilamellar lipid vesicle further comprises a charge producing agent.
16. The cream rinse of claim 12 wherein said paucilamellar lipid vesicles further comprise mineral oil.
17. A humectant for use in cream rinses and shampoos for pet care, said humectant in the form of a paucilamellar lipid vesicle comprising polyoxyethylene 2-cetyl ether, cholesterol, and oleic acid, said paucilamellar lipid vesicle having an oil filled center and encapsulating a moisturizer.
18. The humectant of claim 17 wherein said paucilamellar lipid vesicle further comprises mineral oil.
19. A humectant for use in cream rinses and shampoos for pet care, said humectant in the form of a paucilamellar lipid vesicle comprising glycerol monostearate, polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monostearate, cholesterol, and oleic acid, said paucilamellar lipid vesicle having an oil filled center and encapsulating a moisturizer.
20. The humectant of claim 19 wherein said paucilamellar lipid vesicle further comprises mineral oil.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US234,309 | 1988-08-19 | ||
| US07/234,309 US4942038A (en) | 1987-03-13 | 1988-08-19 | Encapsulated humectant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1332153C true CA1332153C (en) | 1994-09-27 |
Family
ID=22880836
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000608638A Expired - Lifetime CA1332153C (en) | 1988-08-19 | 1989-08-17 | Encapsulated humectant |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4942038A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4068989A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1332153C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990001921A1 (en) |
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| WO1991004013A1 (en) * | 1989-09-21 | 1991-04-04 | Micro Vesicular Systems, Inc. | Hybrid paucilamellar lipid vesicles |
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| GB9811754D0 (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 1998-07-29 | Unilever Plc | Hair treatment compositions |
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| US4690818A (en) * | 1986-02-03 | 1987-09-01 | Charles Of The Ritz Group Ltd. | Shampoo and bath and shower gel |
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| US4837019A (en) * | 1986-08-11 | 1989-06-06 | Charles Of The Ritz Group Ltd. | Skin treatment composition and method for treating burned skin |
-
1988
- 1988-08-19 US US07/234,309 patent/US4942038A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-08-08 AU AU40689/89A patent/AU4068989A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-08-08 WO PCT/US1989/003397 patent/WO1990001921A1/en unknown
- 1989-08-17 CA CA000608638A patent/CA1332153C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4942038A (en) | 1990-07-17 |
| WO1990001921A1 (en) | 1990-03-08 |
| AU4068989A (en) | 1990-03-23 |
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