CA2002032A1 - Synthetic clay - Google Patents
Synthetic clayInfo
- Publication number
- CA2002032A1 CA2002032A1 CA002002032A CA2002032A CA2002032A1 CA 2002032 A1 CA2002032 A1 CA 2002032A1 CA 002002032 A CA002002032 A CA 002002032A CA 2002032 A CA2002032 A CA 2002032A CA 2002032 A1 CA2002032 A1 CA 2002032A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- parts
- total
- percent
- butyl rubber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
- C08L23/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms having four to nine carbon atoms
- C08L23/22—Copolymers of isobutene; Butyl rubber ; Homo- or copolymers of other iso-olefins
Abstract
Synthetic Clay Abstract of the Disclosure A nontacky, shock absorbing rubber composition suitable for replacing the natural clay used in horseshoe pits to absorb the energy of a thrown horseshoe, said composition comprising butyl rubber, crosslinked butyl rubber, cellulose fibre, particulate filler and plasticizer.
Description
~0~ 32 The present invention relates to rubber cornpositions comprising butyl rubber, crosslinked butyl rubber, filler and plasticizer which exhibit minimal rebound after deformation and do not adhere to metal. The rubber compositions of the present i~vention are particularly suited to replacing the natural clay used in horseshoe pits to absorb the energy associated with stopping a thrown horseshoe.
Horseshoe pitching is a well known recreational activity in which people of all ages can participate. The game involves pitching a metal horseshoe weighlng less than 25 pounds a distance of 40 feet toward a peg centered in a clay pit termed a horseshoe court. The object of the game is to ring the peg with the horseshoe and failing that, to pitch the horseshoe as close as possible to the peg, the winner of the game being the competitor who succeeds in pitching the most ringers.
The natural clay used in the horseshoe court to absorb the energy of the thrown horseshoe has several disadvantages. One of these is that the clay often fragments upon impact of the horseshoe resulting in a dirty horseshoe, arena and participants. This means that as a recreational activity horseshoe pitching is effectively restricted to open spaces outdoors, clay scattered in all directions not being desirable indoors or in confined areas such as the deck of an ocean-going liner. Another disadvantage is that as horseshoe pitching is practised primarily in the warm climates of the Midwes~
and California, the clay loses its moisture content and becomes harder, thereby losing its capacity to absorb energy. Consequently, it would be beneficial if the ... :
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natural clay was replaced with a syntl-letic material that is shock absorbing, is cohes-ive and does not adhere to metal; properties that do not change on exposure to the atmosphere over a period of time.
Butyl polymers have been known and commercially available for many years. They possess a variety o~
inherently satisfactory properties amongst which are thei-r low rebound resilience and resistance to aging, weathering, ozone and radiation. These properties make them particularly well suited for use in a variety oE
applications including use in caulking cornpounds and sealing adhesives. U.S. Patent 3,945,975 for e~ample, discloses adhesive and sealant compositions comprising a mixture of an isobutylene/divinyl aromatic copolymer and another isobutylene based elastomer, about 3/4 to about 2 1/2 parts by weight non-volatile plasticizer per 1 part by weight of total of said elastomers and a~out 0.3 to about 2 1/2 parts by weight finely divided solids per 1 part by weight of total of said elastomers. This patent teaches form-retaining compositions but does not teach the energy absorbing, non-metal adhering characteristics of the compositions of the present invention.
Form-holding elastomeric compositions useful for the installation of automobile windshields are disclosed in British patent No. 1,321,815. The compositions comprise a non-curing mixture of elastomers, one or more of which is an isobutylene- based elastomer, up to 0.2 part by weight non-volatile plasticizer per 1 part by weight of elastomer, from 0.02 to 0.25 part by weight volatile plasticizer per 1 part by weight of elastomer and at leas-t 0.9 part by weight finely di~ided solid per 1 part by weight of elastomer. The compositions become harder with volatilization of the volatile plasticizer, a typical , ~:
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composition attaining Shore A hardness o~ about 40 after 30 days at room temperature. The compositions of the present invention do not contain a volatile component, do not harden aEter time and are not form-retaining adherent mixtures.
An architectural mountirlg combination comprising a panel within a frame, resilient elements interposed between the frame and panel and a soft, tac~y, self-supporting sealing tape is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,500,603. The tape comprises resilient elas~omer having a Mooney value of at least ~5~ at least 100 parts of plasticizing oil per 100 parts of elastomer and at least 100 parts of particulate filler per 100 parts of elastomer to provide a 00 gauge Shore hardness of from about 40 to 45. This patent does not suggest the compositions of the present invention which do not adhere to metal (i.e. are not tacky) and are suitable as a replacement for the natural clay used in horseshoe pits.
It is an object of the present invention to pro~ide novel rubber compositions that are particularly suitable as a replacement for the natural clay used in horseshoe pits to absorb the energy associated with stopping a thrown horseshoe. Specifically the present invention is directed towards providing rubber compositions which exhibit minimal rebound after deformation, are cohesive and do not adhere to a metal horseshoe even when the horseshoe becomes embedded upon impact. These diverse properties in proper balance are obtained in the invention by the selection of materials and proportions as will be explained hereinafter.
In one embodiment of the present invention there is , ,:
, . :
~0~2032 provided a nontacky, shock absor`bing rubber composition suitable as a replacement for natural clay in horseshoe pits comprising:
(i~ about 70 to about 99 parts by weight of a butyl rubber with a Mooney viscosity (ML 1~8 at 1~5C) of from about 40 to about 60, (ii) about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a crosslinked butyl rubber having a solubility of from about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent in cyclohexane, for a total of 100 parts by weight of ~i) and (ii), (iii) about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of cellulose fibre having an oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent, (iv) about 500 to about 1200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of particulate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, (v) and about 280 to about 800 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the to~al of (i) and (ii) of plasticiæer selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight polybutenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil, and mixtures thereof.
The present invention also provides a process for producing a nontacky, shock absorbing rubber composition suitable as a replacement for natural clay in horseshoe pits comprising the steps of:
(I) admixing under low shear in an internal mixer 2Qe:l 2032 (a) about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the l:otal of ~he rubbers hereinafter described of cellulose fibre having an oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent, (b) about 330 to about 800 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers hereinafter described of particulate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, (c) and about 56 to about 160 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers hereinafter descri~ed of plasticizer selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight polybutenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil, and mixtures thereof, (II) blending in the blend obtained in step (I) (d) abou~ 70 to about 99 parts by weight of a butyl rubber with a Mooney viscosity (ML 1+8 at 125C) of from abou~ 40 to about 60, (e) and about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a crosslinked butyl rubber having a solubility from about 15 weight percent ~o about 30 weight percent in cyclohexane, for a total of 100 parts by weight of (d) and (e), (III~ blending in the blend obtained in step (II) (f) about 170 to about 400 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (d) and (e) of par~iculate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, (g) and about 224 to about 640 parts by weight 2~)~2~)32 of the total of (d) and (e) oL plasticize:r selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight polybutenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil, and mixtures thereof, said mixing being at a temperature of about 25C to about 70C for sufficient time to obtain a uniform mixture.
The present invention also provides a masterbatch of certain components of the composition comprising:
(i) about 70 to about 99 parts by weight of a butyl rubber with a Mooney viscoslty (ML 1-~8 at 125C) of from about 40 to about 60, (ii) about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a crosslinked bu-tyl rubber having a solubility of .~rom about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent in cyclohexane, for a total of lO0 parts by weight of (i) and (ii), (iii) about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of cellulose fibre having an oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent, (iv) about 50 to about 250 parts by weigh~ per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of particulate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate~ and mixtures thereof, (v) about 5 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii~
of plasticizer selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight poly~utenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, expoxidized .:; ,. "
,.: .:
; ~.... . .
Compositions described herein according to the present invention have been ~ound to exhibit minimal rebound on deformation, to be cohesive and not adhere to metal thereby rendering the compositions oE the present invention particularly suitable as a replacement for the natural clay used in horseshoe pits to absorb the energy associated with stopping a th~own horseshoe.
Butyl rubber is an essential ingredient of the present compositions and is used in an amount of from about 70 to about 99, preferably from about 80 to about 90, parts by weight ba~ed on a total of 100 parts by weight of rubbers. Butyl rubber is a copolymer of a C4-C6 isoolefin, preferably isobutylene, and a C4-C6 conjugated diolefin, preferably isoprene. A
preferred butyl polymer contains from about 9~ to about 99 mole percent of isob~ltylene and from about 1 to about 2 mole percent of isoprene and has a Mooney viscosity (ML 1 at 125C) of from about 45 to about 60.
Crosslinked butyl rubber is another essential ingredient of the compositions of the present invention and is used in an amount of from about 1 to about 30, preferably from about lO to about 20, parts by weight based on a total of 100 parts by weight of rubbers.
Crosslinked butyl rubber is a copolymer of a C4-C6 isoolefin, preferably isobutylene, a C4-C6 conjugated diolefin, preferably isoprene, and a C10-Cl4 divinyl aromatic compound, preferably divinylbenzene. A preferred crosslinked butyl rubber which has a solubility in cyclohexane of from about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent contains from about 92 to about 95 mole percent of isobutylene, from about l to about 2 mole :
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percent of isoprene and Erom about 4 to a~out 6 mole percent of a mixture co~lprisin~ fror~l about 50 to about 60 mole percent of divinyLbenzene and from about 40 to about 50 mole percent of ethy'lvinylbenzene. While not wishing to be bound by any theories it: is 'believed that the crosslinked butyl rubber assists with the incorporation of tl~e large amounts of plasticizer and filler ~lat are required in order to achieve t:he proper balance of shock absorption, cohesiveness and nonadherence to metal.
A further essential in~redient of the compositions of the present invention, in addition to the butyl rubber and crosslinked butyl rubber, is a considera'ble amount of one or more plasticizer. The proportion of plasticizer is used in an amount from about 280 to about 800 parts 'by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers and the particular proportion chosen depends, among other factors, on the nature of the plasticizer and the amount of cellulose fibre and particulate filler needed to produce the desired properties of minimum rebound upon deformation, cohesiveness and nonadherence to metal. The plasticiæer may be selected from the relatively large group of commercially available materials including low molecular weight polybutenes, processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil and mixtures thereof. Low molecular weight polybutenes are suitable as plasticizer and polybutenes such as Indopol H-l900 'having a viscosity in the range of 4,000 to 4,450 cSt at 99C are preferred. Processing oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic type, preferably the paraffinic and naphthenic type, may be used as plasticizers and those w~ich are preferred have a viscosity in the range of 7.25 to 12.95 cSt at 99C. An example of such a processing oil which may be used with, or instead of 3 the low molecular weight poly~utenes is Sunpar 150. Epoxidized soyabean oil is also suitable for _ 9 _ .
, ~ ~,. , :
12~132 use as a plasticizer arld a preferred example is Paraplex G-62 whlch has an oxirane content of about 7 percent. It is particularly preferred ~o use a mixture oE 3 plasticizers comprising about 35 to about 100 parts by weigh~ oE low molecular weight: polybutene, especially Indopol H-1900~ about 65 to about 170 parts by weight of paraffinic or naphthenic oil, especially a para-ffinic oLl Sunpar 150 and about 180 to about ~60 parts by weight of epoxidized soyabean oil, especially Paraplex G-62 per lO0 parts by weight of -the total of the rubbers.
Fibrous filler which is an essential ingredient of the compositions of the present invention provides reinforcement and absorbs a large quantity oE t~e plasticizer. Examples of suitable fibrous filler include cellulose, fibrous talc and asbestos. However cellulose fibre is the fibre of choice in view of its outstanding ability to absorb la-r~e amounts of viscous fluid thereby increasing the viscosity of the composition in addition to providing reinforcement. A cellulose fibre such as CF
FIBERS 32500-L having an oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent used in the amount from about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers is preferred.
High levels of particulate filler are also an essential ingredient of the present invention in order that the appropriate balance of nontackiness, minimum rebound on deformation and limited cold flow is obtained.
Compositions include from about 500 to about 1200 parts by weight of particulate filler per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers, the particular proportion selected dependin~ on th~ nature of the filler and on the nature and type of plastici2er used. Particle diameter and surface area can vary over a wide range. Particles which have a median diameter greater than about 25 microns ;.
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provide relatively little strength to the compositions while particles which have a median diameter of about 2 to 6 microns impart a high degree o~ stiffness. Suitable examples of particulate ~illers include hydrated silicas such as Hi Sil 233, talcs such as Beaverwhite 200 and calcium carbonates such as Atomite. Mixtures of two or more particulate fillers may be employed. It is preferred to employ as particulate filler a mlxture com-prising talc of median particle diameter about 10 microns -in the amount from about 250 to about 600 parts by weight and talc of median particle diameter about 6 microns in the amount from about 250 to about 600 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers.
The compositions of the present inve~tion may contain other ingredients known as processing aids which permit the rapid incorporation of filler into the rubbers. Suitable examples include salts of fatty acids such as calcium stearate and vulcanized vegetable oils such as Neophax A. It is preferred to use the vulcanized ~0 vegetable oil Neophax A in the amount from about 20 to about 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers.
In addi-tion to the butyl rubber, the crosslinked butyl rubber, the plasticizer, -the cellulose fibre, the particulate filler and the processing aid described aboYe, the composition may further comprise one or more U.V.
stabilizers such as Tinuvin 327 and one or more antioxidants such as Irganox 1010, all of which additional components are well known to those skilled in the rubber art.
In preparing the compositions of the present invention all the ingredients may be blended under low shear in a mixing device such as a double arm Baker Perkins mixer equipped with dispersion blades. Typically ' ' ,..; ~' :~
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~0~ 032 such blending Lnvolves charging the mixer ~t an lnitial temperature of about 25C with the cellulose ~ibre, about two-thirds of the Eiller, about one-flfth of the plasticizer, the processing aid, U.~. stabilizer and antioxidant. After about 2 minutes of mixing, the butyl rubbers are then added. Mixing is continued for about minutes and then the remainder of the filler and the plasticizer are added slowly over about 30 minutes during which time the mixture attains a temperature of about 70C. The resultant homogeneous mass is then dumped.
Masterbatches of certain components o~ the compositions may be prepared in an internal mixing device such as a Banbury. The mixer, at an internal temperature of about 25C, is charged with the butyl rubbers, cellulose fibre, about 2 to about 5 percent of the plasticizer, about 10 to about 20 percent of the filler, the U.V. stabilizer and the antioxidant. After mixing for about 6 minutes at 20 rpm, when the masterbatch has attained a temperature of about 120C, it is dumped. The masterbatches may then be mixed with the remainder of the filler and the plasticizer under low shear in a Baker Perkins mixer using the following procedure. The mixer at an initial temperature of about 25C, is charged with about 20 to about 25 percent of the plasticizer and about 50 to about 60 percent of the filler. After about 2 minutes of mixing, the masterbatch is added. Mixing is continued for about 5 to about 10 minutes and then the remainder of the plasticizer and the filler are added slowly over about 30 minutes. The resultant homogeneous mass which has attained a temperature of about 70C is then dumped.
In order to be a satisfactory replacement for the natural clay presently used in horseshoe pits, the rubber composition should be cohesive and not adhere to the metal .
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~0~2032 horseshoe even after be-ing exposecl to hot summer temperatures for a prolonged period of time.In a peel test where the rubber composition is pressed against a flat metal surface, adhesive failure rather than cohesive failure should occur. After aging the sample for three days in a hot air oven at 70C and then cooling it and subsequently subjecting it to the peel test, ~ailure should occur entirely in adhesion and not in cohesion.
Furthermore, the rubber composition should be capable of absorbing the energy of a t~rown horseshoe with minimal rebound of the horseshoe; this can be tested in the laboratory by determining the amount of rebound when a stainless steel ball weighing 50 grams is dropped into a block of the mate-rial.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples in which all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated and temperatures are in C.
Example ~0 A series of rubber compositions suitable as a replacement for natural clay presently used in horseshoe pits were prepared using the following procedure.
Masterbatches were first prepared according to the recipes shown in Table 1.
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, TABLE I
Run No. 1 2 3 4 5 POLYSAR Butyl 301 80 80 85 85 85 POLYSAR Butyl XL-20 20 20 15 15 15 Beaverwhite 325 75 75 75 75 75 Beaverwhite 200 75 75 75 75 75 Neophax A 25 25 25 25 25 Calcium Stearate ~ 2.5 Sunpar 150 10 10 10 10 10 Irganox 1010 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Tinuvin 327 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 The POLYSAR Butyl 301, POLYSAR Butyl XL-20~ Bea~erwhite 200, Bea~erwhite 325, Neophax A, the cellulose fibre CF
FIBERS 32500-L, calcium stearate, Sunpar 150, an antioxidant Irganox 1010 and a U.V. stabilizer Tinuvin 327 were introduced into the mixing chamber of a Banbury mixer at an internal temperature o-f 27 C. Mixing was carried out for 2 minutes at 20rpm at the end of which time mixing was stopped and the ram floated and swept. After the mixing and sweeping cycle had been repeated mixing was continued for an additional 2 minutes or until the :. ~
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internal temperature of the mixing chamber had reached 121C (whichever was attained first). The compounds were dumped and calendered into sheets using a two roll calender with the rolls at ambient temperature.
The masterbatches were further mixed with Beaverwhite 200 3 Beaverwhite 325, Indopol H-1900, Sunpar 150 and Paraplex G-62 according to the recipes shown in Table II
in a double arm Baker Perkins mixer equipped with dispersion blades to yield compositions according to t'ne invention.
TABLh II
Run No. 1 2 3 4 S
Beaverwhite 200 225 225 225 225 450 Beaverwhite 325 225 225 225 225 450 ~0 Indopol H-1900 45 45 45 45 B0 Sunpar 150 67 67 67 67 130 Paraplex G-62 200 300 200 200 410 The static peel adhesion, rebound characteristics and softness of the rubber compositions were tested using the following procedures with the results shown in Table III.
The static peel adhesion was determined by applying a 2.5 mm thick layer of the rubber composition backed with a layer of fabric to a 3 inch x 10 inch sheet of aluminum with 5 lbs. pressure for lS seconds. The force per unit width required to pull the rubber composition apart from the aluminum sheet was then measured. ~ny residue 32~3Z
adhering to the surface of the aluminum sheet was noted.
The rebound characteristics were determined by dropping a sta-Lnless steel ball weighing 50 grams from a height of 3 feet into a 1 pound block oE the material and measuring the amount of rebound.
The softness of a 0.75 :inch thick sample of -the rubber composition was determ:Lned using a cone penetrometer bearing a 150 gram load. Penetration was permitted for 5 seconds and the depth of penetration was then determined.
The rubber compositions were aged in a hot air oven for 3 days at 70C and then the static peel adhesion, rebound characteristics and softness of each composition were redetermined using the same procedures, the results being shown in Table III.
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Table III
.. . .. __ ~
Run No. Static Peel AdheslonRebound Softness (lbs. per square inch) (lnches) (mm) .. _ _ unaged aged unaged aged unaged aged _ __ 1 0.125 1 0 0 6 4 no residue no residue aluminum aluminum 2 0.125 0.125 0 0 12 8 no residue no residue aluminum aluminum 3 0.25 0.25 0 0 7 5 no residue no residue aluminum aluminum 4 0.125 0.25 0 0 7 5 no residue no residue aluminum aluminum 0.25 0.25 0 0 15 15 no residue no residue aluminum aluminum . _ Practical tes ts in horseshoe competitions clearly showed that compositions according to the invention ~tnctioned very well and experts considered the composition to be an excellent product having better properties than the clay material normally used.
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Horseshoe pitching is a well known recreational activity in which people of all ages can participate. The game involves pitching a metal horseshoe weighlng less than 25 pounds a distance of 40 feet toward a peg centered in a clay pit termed a horseshoe court. The object of the game is to ring the peg with the horseshoe and failing that, to pitch the horseshoe as close as possible to the peg, the winner of the game being the competitor who succeeds in pitching the most ringers.
The natural clay used in the horseshoe court to absorb the energy of the thrown horseshoe has several disadvantages. One of these is that the clay often fragments upon impact of the horseshoe resulting in a dirty horseshoe, arena and participants. This means that as a recreational activity horseshoe pitching is effectively restricted to open spaces outdoors, clay scattered in all directions not being desirable indoors or in confined areas such as the deck of an ocean-going liner. Another disadvantage is that as horseshoe pitching is practised primarily in the warm climates of the Midwes~
and California, the clay loses its moisture content and becomes harder, thereby losing its capacity to absorb energy. Consequently, it would be beneficial if the ... :
' ~203Z
natural clay was replaced with a syntl-letic material that is shock absorbing, is cohes-ive and does not adhere to metal; properties that do not change on exposure to the atmosphere over a period of time.
Butyl polymers have been known and commercially available for many years. They possess a variety o~
inherently satisfactory properties amongst which are thei-r low rebound resilience and resistance to aging, weathering, ozone and radiation. These properties make them particularly well suited for use in a variety oE
applications including use in caulking cornpounds and sealing adhesives. U.S. Patent 3,945,975 for e~ample, discloses adhesive and sealant compositions comprising a mixture of an isobutylene/divinyl aromatic copolymer and another isobutylene based elastomer, about 3/4 to about 2 1/2 parts by weight non-volatile plasticizer per 1 part by weight of total of said elastomers and a~out 0.3 to about 2 1/2 parts by weight finely divided solids per 1 part by weight of total of said elastomers. This patent teaches form-retaining compositions but does not teach the energy absorbing, non-metal adhering characteristics of the compositions of the present invention.
Form-holding elastomeric compositions useful for the installation of automobile windshields are disclosed in British patent No. 1,321,815. The compositions comprise a non-curing mixture of elastomers, one or more of which is an isobutylene- based elastomer, up to 0.2 part by weight non-volatile plasticizer per 1 part by weight of elastomer, from 0.02 to 0.25 part by weight volatile plasticizer per 1 part by weight of elastomer and at leas-t 0.9 part by weight finely di~ided solid per 1 part by weight of elastomer. The compositions become harder with volatilization of the volatile plasticizer, a typical , ~:
~0~203~
composition attaining Shore A hardness o~ about 40 after 30 days at room temperature. The compositions of the present invention do not contain a volatile component, do not harden aEter time and are not form-retaining adherent mixtures.
An architectural mountirlg combination comprising a panel within a frame, resilient elements interposed between the frame and panel and a soft, tac~y, self-supporting sealing tape is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,500,603. The tape comprises resilient elas~omer having a Mooney value of at least ~5~ at least 100 parts of plasticizing oil per 100 parts of elastomer and at least 100 parts of particulate filler per 100 parts of elastomer to provide a 00 gauge Shore hardness of from about 40 to 45. This patent does not suggest the compositions of the present invention which do not adhere to metal (i.e. are not tacky) and are suitable as a replacement for the natural clay used in horseshoe pits.
It is an object of the present invention to pro~ide novel rubber compositions that are particularly suitable as a replacement for the natural clay used in horseshoe pits to absorb the energy associated with stopping a thrown horseshoe. Specifically the present invention is directed towards providing rubber compositions which exhibit minimal rebound after deformation, are cohesive and do not adhere to a metal horseshoe even when the horseshoe becomes embedded upon impact. These diverse properties in proper balance are obtained in the invention by the selection of materials and proportions as will be explained hereinafter.
In one embodiment of the present invention there is , ,:
, . :
~0~2032 provided a nontacky, shock absor`bing rubber composition suitable as a replacement for natural clay in horseshoe pits comprising:
(i~ about 70 to about 99 parts by weight of a butyl rubber with a Mooney viscosity (ML 1~8 at 1~5C) of from about 40 to about 60, (ii) about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a crosslinked butyl rubber having a solubility of from about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent in cyclohexane, for a total of 100 parts by weight of ~i) and (ii), (iii) about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of cellulose fibre having an oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent, (iv) about 500 to about 1200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of particulate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, (v) and about 280 to about 800 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the to~al of (i) and (ii) of plasticiæer selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight polybutenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil, and mixtures thereof.
The present invention also provides a process for producing a nontacky, shock absorbing rubber composition suitable as a replacement for natural clay in horseshoe pits comprising the steps of:
(I) admixing under low shear in an internal mixer 2Qe:l 2032 (a) about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the l:otal of ~he rubbers hereinafter described of cellulose fibre having an oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent, (b) about 330 to about 800 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers hereinafter described of particulate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, (c) and about 56 to about 160 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers hereinafter descri~ed of plasticizer selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight polybutenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil, and mixtures thereof, (II) blending in the blend obtained in step (I) (d) abou~ 70 to about 99 parts by weight of a butyl rubber with a Mooney viscosity (ML 1+8 at 125C) of from abou~ 40 to about 60, (e) and about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a crosslinked butyl rubber having a solubility from about 15 weight percent ~o about 30 weight percent in cyclohexane, for a total of 100 parts by weight of (d) and (e), (III~ blending in the blend obtained in step (II) (f) about 170 to about 400 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (d) and (e) of par~iculate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, (g) and about 224 to about 640 parts by weight 2~)~2~)32 of the total of (d) and (e) oL plasticize:r selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight polybutenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil, and mixtures thereof, said mixing being at a temperature of about 25C to about 70C for sufficient time to obtain a uniform mixture.
The present invention also provides a masterbatch of certain components of the composition comprising:
(i) about 70 to about 99 parts by weight of a butyl rubber with a Mooney viscoslty (ML 1-~8 at 125C) of from about 40 to about 60, (ii) about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a crosslinked bu-tyl rubber having a solubility of .~rom about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent in cyclohexane, for a total of lO0 parts by weight of (i) and (ii), (iii) about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of cellulose fibre having an oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent, (iv) about 50 to about 250 parts by weigh~ per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of particulate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate~ and mixtures thereof, (v) about 5 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii~
of plasticizer selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight poly~utenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, expoxidized .:; ,. "
,.: .:
; ~.... . .
Compositions described herein according to the present invention have been ~ound to exhibit minimal rebound on deformation, to be cohesive and not adhere to metal thereby rendering the compositions oE the present invention particularly suitable as a replacement for the natural clay used in horseshoe pits to absorb the energy associated with stopping a th~own horseshoe.
Butyl rubber is an essential ingredient of the present compositions and is used in an amount of from about 70 to about 99, preferably from about 80 to about 90, parts by weight ba~ed on a total of 100 parts by weight of rubbers. Butyl rubber is a copolymer of a C4-C6 isoolefin, preferably isobutylene, and a C4-C6 conjugated diolefin, preferably isoprene. A
preferred butyl polymer contains from about 9~ to about 99 mole percent of isob~ltylene and from about 1 to about 2 mole percent of isoprene and has a Mooney viscosity (ML 1 at 125C) of from about 45 to about 60.
Crosslinked butyl rubber is another essential ingredient of the compositions of the present invention and is used in an amount of from about 1 to about 30, preferably from about lO to about 20, parts by weight based on a total of 100 parts by weight of rubbers.
Crosslinked butyl rubber is a copolymer of a C4-C6 isoolefin, preferably isobutylene, a C4-C6 conjugated diolefin, preferably isoprene, and a C10-Cl4 divinyl aromatic compound, preferably divinylbenzene. A preferred crosslinked butyl rubber which has a solubility in cyclohexane of from about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent contains from about 92 to about 95 mole percent of isobutylene, from about l to about 2 mole :
~, " ' ` , , .
2~)3~
percent of isoprene and Erom about 4 to a~out 6 mole percent of a mixture co~lprisin~ fror~l about 50 to about 60 mole percent of divinyLbenzene and from about 40 to about 50 mole percent of ethy'lvinylbenzene. While not wishing to be bound by any theories it: is 'believed that the crosslinked butyl rubber assists with the incorporation of tl~e large amounts of plasticizer and filler ~lat are required in order to achieve t:he proper balance of shock absorption, cohesiveness and nonadherence to metal.
A further essential in~redient of the compositions of the present invention, in addition to the butyl rubber and crosslinked butyl rubber, is a considera'ble amount of one or more plasticizer. The proportion of plasticizer is used in an amount from about 280 to about 800 parts 'by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers and the particular proportion chosen depends, among other factors, on the nature of the plasticizer and the amount of cellulose fibre and particulate filler needed to produce the desired properties of minimum rebound upon deformation, cohesiveness and nonadherence to metal. The plasticiæer may be selected from the relatively large group of commercially available materials including low molecular weight polybutenes, processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil and mixtures thereof. Low molecular weight polybutenes are suitable as plasticizer and polybutenes such as Indopol H-l900 'having a viscosity in the range of 4,000 to 4,450 cSt at 99C are preferred. Processing oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic type, preferably the paraffinic and naphthenic type, may be used as plasticizers and those w~ich are preferred have a viscosity in the range of 7.25 to 12.95 cSt at 99C. An example of such a processing oil which may be used with, or instead of 3 the low molecular weight poly~utenes is Sunpar 150. Epoxidized soyabean oil is also suitable for _ 9 _ .
, ~ ~,. , :
12~132 use as a plasticizer arld a preferred example is Paraplex G-62 whlch has an oxirane content of about 7 percent. It is particularly preferred ~o use a mixture oE 3 plasticizers comprising about 35 to about 100 parts by weigh~ oE low molecular weight: polybutene, especially Indopol H-1900~ about 65 to about 170 parts by weight of paraffinic or naphthenic oil, especially a para-ffinic oLl Sunpar 150 and about 180 to about ~60 parts by weight of epoxidized soyabean oil, especially Paraplex G-62 per lO0 parts by weight of -the total of the rubbers.
Fibrous filler which is an essential ingredient of the compositions of the present invention provides reinforcement and absorbs a large quantity oE t~e plasticizer. Examples of suitable fibrous filler include cellulose, fibrous talc and asbestos. However cellulose fibre is the fibre of choice in view of its outstanding ability to absorb la-r~e amounts of viscous fluid thereby increasing the viscosity of the composition in addition to providing reinforcement. A cellulose fibre such as CF
FIBERS 32500-L having an oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent used in the amount from about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers is preferred.
High levels of particulate filler are also an essential ingredient of the present invention in order that the appropriate balance of nontackiness, minimum rebound on deformation and limited cold flow is obtained.
Compositions include from about 500 to about 1200 parts by weight of particulate filler per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers, the particular proportion selected dependin~ on th~ nature of the filler and on the nature and type of plastici2er used. Particle diameter and surface area can vary over a wide range. Particles which have a median diameter greater than about 25 microns ;.
' 2()~3;~
provide relatively little strength to the compositions while particles which have a median diameter of about 2 to 6 microns impart a high degree o~ stiffness. Suitable examples of particulate ~illers include hydrated silicas such as Hi Sil 233, talcs such as Beaverwhite 200 and calcium carbonates such as Atomite. Mixtures of two or more particulate fillers may be employed. It is preferred to employ as particulate filler a mlxture com-prising talc of median particle diameter about 10 microns -in the amount from about 250 to about 600 parts by weight and talc of median particle diameter about 6 microns in the amount from about 250 to about 600 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers.
The compositions of the present inve~tion may contain other ingredients known as processing aids which permit the rapid incorporation of filler into the rubbers. Suitable examples include salts of fatty acids such as calcium stearate and vulcanized vegetable oils such as Neophax A. It is preferred to use the vulcanized ~0 vegetable oil Neophax A in the amount from about 20 to about 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers.
In addi-tion to the butyl rubber, the crosslinked butyl rubber, the plasticizer, -the cellulose fibre, the particulate filler and the processing aid described aboYe, the composition may further comprise one or more U.V.
stabilizers such as Tinuvin 327 and one or more antioxidants such as Irganox 1010, all of which additional components are well known to those skilled in the rubber art.
In preparing the compositions of the present invention all the ingredients may be blended under low shear in a mixing device such as a double arm Baker Perkins mixer equipped with dispersion blades. Typically ' ' ,..; ~' :~
.: ~. .
~0~ 032 such blending Lnvolves charging the mixer ~t an lnitial temperature of about 25C with the cellulose ~ibre, about two-thirds of the Eiller, about one-flfth of the plasticizer, the processing aid, U.~. stabilizer and antioxidant. After about 2 minutes of mixing, the butyl rubbers are then added. Mixing is continued for about minutes and then the remainder of the filler and the plasticizer are added slowly over about 30 minutes during which time the mixture attains a temperature of about 70C. The resultant homogeneous mass is then dumped.
Masterbatches of certain components o~ the compositions may be prepared in an internal mixing device such as a Banbury. The mixer, at an internal temperature of about 25C, is charged with the butyl rubbers, cellulose fibre, about 2 to about 5 percent of the plasticizer, about 10 to about 20 percent of the filler, the U.V. stabilizer and the antioxidant. After mixing for about 6 minutes at 20 rpm, when the masterbatch has attained a temperature of about 120C, it is dumped. The masterbatches may then be mixed with the remainder of the filler and the plasticizer under low shear in a Baker Perkins mixer using the following procedure. The mixer at an initial temperature of about 25C, is charged with about 20 to about 25 percent of the plasticizer and about 50 to about 60 percent of the filler. After about 2 minutes of mixing, the masterbatch is added. Mixing is continued for about 5 to about 10 minutes and then the remainder of the plasticizer and the filler are added slowly over about 30 minutes. The resultant homogeneous mass which has attained a temperature of about 70C is then dumped.
In order to be a satisfactory replacement for the natural clay presently used in horseshoe pits, the rubber composition should be cohesive and not adhere to the metal .
';
~0~2032 horseshoe even after be-ing exposecl to hot summer temperatures for a prolonged period of time.In a peel test where the rubber composition is pressed against a flat metal surface, adhesive failure rather than cohesive failure should occur. After aging the sample for three days in a hot air oven at 70C and then cooling it and subsequently subjecting it to the peel test, ~ailure should occur entirely in adhesion and not in cohesion.
Furthermore, the rubber composition should be capable of absorbing the energy of a t~rown horseshoe with minimal rebound of the horseshoe; this can be tested in the laboratory by determining the amount of rebound when a stainless steel ball weighing 50 grams is dropped into a block of the mate-rial.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples in which all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated and temperatures are in C.
Example ~0 A series of rubber compositions suitable as a replacement for natural clay presently used in horseshoe pits were prepared using the following procedure.
Masterbatches were first prepared according to the recipes shown in Table 1.
:
.; .
, TABLE I
Run No. 1 2 3 4 5 POLYSAR Butyl 301 80 80 85 85 85 POLYSAR Butyl XL-20 20 20 15 15 15 Beaverwhite 325 75 75 75 75 75 Beaverwhite 200 75 75 75 75 75 Neophax A 25 25 25 25 25 Calcium Stearate ~ 2.5 Sunpar 150 10 10 10 10 10 Irganox 1010 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Tinuvin 327 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 The POLYSAR Butyl 301, POLYSAR Butyl XL-20~ Bea~erwhite 200, Bea~erwhite 325, Neophax A, the cellulose fibre CF
FIBERS 32500-L, calcium stearate, Sunpar 150, an antioxidant Irganox 1010 and a U.V. stabilizer Tinuvin 327 were introduced into the mixing chamber of a Banbury mixer at an internal temperature o-f 27 C. Mixing was carried out for 2 minutes at 20rpm at the end of which time mixing was stopped and the ram floated and swept. After the mixing and sweeping cycle had been repeated mixing was continued for an additional 2 minutes or until the :. ~
3~:
internal temperature of the mixing chamber had reached 121C (whichever was attained first). The compounds were dumped and calendered into sheets using a two roll calender with the rolls at ambient temperature.
The masterbatches were further mixed with Beaverwhite 200 3 Beaverwhite 325, Indopol H-1900, Sunpar 150 and Paraplex G-62 according to the recipes shown in Table II
in a double arm Baker Perkins mixer equipped with dispersion blades to yield compositions according to t'ne invention.
TABLh II
Run No. 1 2 3 4 S
Beaverwhite 200 225 225 225 225 450 Beaverwhite 325 225 225 225 225 450 ~0 Indopol H-1900 45 45 45 45 B0 Sunpar 150 67 67 67 67 130 Paraplex G-62 200 300 200 200 410 The static peel adhesion, rebound characteristics and softness of the rubber compositions were tested using the following procedures with the results shown in Table III.
The static peel adhesion was determined by applying a 2.5 mm thick layer of the rubber composition backed with a layer of fabric to a 3 inch x 10 inch sheet of aluminum with 5 lbs. pressure for lS seconds. The force per unit width required to pull the rubber composition apart from the aluminum sheet was then measured. ~ny residue 32~3Z
adhering to the surface of the aluminum sheet was noted.
The rebound characteristics were determined by dropping a sta-Lnless steel ball weighing 50 grams from a height of 3 feet into a 1 pound block oE the material and measuring the amount of rebound.
The softness of a 0.75 :inch thick sample of -the rubber composition was determ:Lned using a cone penetrometer bearing a 150 gram load. Penetration was permitted for 5 seconds and the depth of penetration was then determined.
The rubber compositions were aged in a hot air oven for 3 days at 70C and then the static peel adhesion, rebound characteristics and softness of each composition were redetermined using the same procedures, the results being shown in Table III.
:, . :
.
Table III
.. . .. __ ~
Run No. Static Peel AdheslonRebound Softness (lbs. per square inch) (lnches) (mm) .. _ _ unaged aged unaged aged unaged aged _ __ 1 0.125 1 0 0 6 4 no residue no residue aluminum aluminum 2 0.125 0.125 0 0 12 8 no residue no residue aluminum aluminum 3 0.25 0.25 0 0 7 5 no residue no residue aluminum aluminum 4 0.125 0.25 0 0 7 5 no residue no residue aluminum aluminum 0.25 0.25 0 0 15 15 no residue no residue aluminum aluminum . _ Practical tes ts in horseshoe competitions clearly showed that compositions according to the invention ~tnctioned very well and experts considered the composition to be an excellent product having better properties than the clay material normally used.
~, ~
'~ ' ' '. ' :
~' : . . ,
Claims (8)
1. A nontacky, shock absorbing rubber composition suitable as a replacement for natural clay in horseshoe pits comprising:
(i) about 70 to about 99 parts by weight of a butyl rubber with a Mooney viscosity (ML
1+8 at 125°C) of from about 40 to about 60, (ii) about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a crosslinked butyl rubber having a solubility from about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent in cyclohexane, for a total of 100 parts by weight of (i) and (ii), (iii) about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of cellulose fibre having an oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent, (iv) about 500 to about 1200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of particulate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, (v) and about 280 to about 800 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of plasticizer selected from the group consisting of low molecular polybutenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil, and mixtures thereof.
(i) about 70 to about 99 parts by weight of a butyl rubber with a Mooney viscosity (ML
1+8 at 125°C) of from about 40 to about 60, (ii) about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a crosslinked butyl rubber having a solubility from about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent in cyclohexane, for a total of 100 parts by weight of (i) and (ii), (iii) about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of cellulose fibre having an oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent, (iv) about 500 to about 1200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of particulate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, (v) and about 280 to about 800 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of plasticizer selected from the group consisting of low molecular polybutenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil, and mixtures thereof.
2. A rubber composition according to Claim 1 which also comprises vulcanized vegetable oil, one or more U.V.
stabilizer and one or more antioxidant.
stabilizer and one or more antioxidant.
3. A rubber composition according to Claim 1 wherein said butyl rubber has an isobutylene content from about 98 mole percent to about 99 mole percent and an isoprene content from about 1 mole percent to about 2 mole percent.
4. A rubber composition according to Claim 1 wherein said particulate filler comprises:
about 250 to about 600 parts by weight talc of median particle diameter about 10 microns and about 250 to about 600 parts by weight talc of median particle diameter about 6 microns.
about 250 to about 600 parts by weight talc of median particle diameter about 10 microns and about 250 to about 600 parts by weight talc of median particle diameter about 6 microns.
5. A rubber composition according to Claim 1 wherein said plasticizer comprises:
(a) about 35 to about 100 parts by weight low molecular weight polybutenes having a viscosity of about 4,000 to about 4,450 cSt at 99°C
(b) about 65 to about 170 parts by weight paraffinic oil having a viscosity of about 7.25 to about 12.95 cSt at 99°C
(c) and about 180 to about 460 parts by weight epoxidized soyabean oil having an oxirane content of about 7 percent.
(a) about 35 to about 100 parts by weight low molecular weight polybutenes having a viscosity of about 4,000 to about 4,450 cSt at 99°C
(b) about 65 to about 170 parts by weight paraffinic oil having a viscosity of about 7.25 to about 12.95 cSt at 99°C
(c) and about 180 to about 460 parts by weight epoxidized soyabean oil having an oxirane content of about 7 percent.
6. A nontacky, shock absorbing rubber composition suitable as a replacement for natural clay in horseshoe pits comprising:
(i) about 70 to about 99 parts by weight of a butyl rubber with an isobutylene content from about 98 mole percent to about 99 mole percent and a isoprene content from about 1 mole percent to about 2 mole percent, (i) about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a crosslinked butyl rubber having a solubility from about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent in cyclohexane, for a total of 100 parts by weight of (i) and (ii), (iii) about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of cellulose fibre having a oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent, (iv) about 500 to about 1200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of particulate filler comprising:
about 250 to about 600 parts by weight talc of median particle diameter about 10 microns and about 250 to about 600 parts by weight talc of median particle diameter about 6 microns, (v) and about 280 to about 800 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of plasticizer comprising:
(a) about 35 to about 100 parts by weight low molecular weight polybutenes having a viscosity of about 4,000 to about 4,450 cSt at 99°C
(b) about 65 to about 170 parts by weight paraffinic oil having a viscosity of about 7.25 to about 12.95 cSt at 99°C
(c) and about 180 to about 460 parts by weight epoxidized soyabean oil having an oxirane content of about 7 percent, and vulcanized vegetable oil, U.V. stabilizer and antioxidant.
(i) about 70 to about 99 parts by weight of a butyl rubber with an isobutylene content from about 98 mole percent to about 99 mole percent and a isoprene content from about 1 mole percent to about 2 mole percent, (i) about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a crosslinked butyl rubber having a solubility from about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent in cyclohexane, for a total of 100 parts by weight of (i) and (ii), (iii) about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of cellulose fibre having a oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent, (iv) about 500 to about 1200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of particulate filler comprising:
about 250 to about 600 parts by weight talc of median particle diameter about 10 microns and about 250 to about 600 parts by weight talc of median particle diameter about 6 microns, (v) and about 280 to about 800 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of plasticizer comprising:
(a) about 35 to about 100 parts by weight low molecular weight polybutenes having a viscosity of about 4,000 to about 4,450 cSt at 99°C
(b) about 65 to about 170 parts by weight paraffinic oil having a viscosity of about 7.25 to about 12.95 cSt at 99°C
(c) and about 180 to about 460 parts by weight epoxidized soyabean oil having an oxirane content of about 7 percent, and vulcanized vegetable oil, U.V. stabilizer and antioxidant.
7. A process for producing a nontacky, shock absorbing rubber composition suitable as a replacement for natural clay in horseshoe pits comprising the steps of:
(I) admixing under low shear in an internal mixer (a) about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers hereinafter described of cellulose fibre having an oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent, (b) about 330 to about 800 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers hereinafter described of particulate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, (c) and about 56 to about 160 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers hereinafter described of plasticizer selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight polybutenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil, and mixtures thereof, (II) blending in the blend obtained in step (I) (d) about 70 to about 99 parts by weight of a butyl rubber with a Mooney viscosity (ML 1+8 at 125°C) of from about 40 to about 60, (e) and about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a crosslinked butyl rubber having a solubility from about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent in cyclohexane, for a total of 100 parts by weight of (d) and (e), (III) blending in the blend obtained in step (II) (f) about 170 to about 400 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (d) and (e) of particulate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, (g) and about 224 to about 640 parts by weight of the total of (d) and (e) of plasticizer selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight polybutenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil, and mixtures thereof, said mixing being at a temperature of about 25 to about 70°C for sufficient time to obtain a uniform mixture.
(I) admixing under low shear in an internal mixer (a) about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers hereinafter described of cellulose fibre having an oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent, (b) about 330 to about 800 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers hereinafter described of particulate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, (c) and about 56 to about 160 parts by weight of the total of the rubbers hereinafter described of plasticizer selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight polybutenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil, and mixtures thereof, (II) blending in the blend obtained in step (I) (d) about 70 to about 99 parts by weight of a butyl rubber with a Mooney viscosity (ML 1+8 at 125°C) of from about 40 to about 60, (e) and about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a crosslinked butyl rubber having a solubility from about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent in cyclohexane, for a total of 100 parts by weight of (d) and (e), (III) blending in the blend obtained in step (II) (f) about 170 to about 400 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (d) and (e) of particulate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, (g) and about 224 to about 640 parts by weight of the total of (d) and (e) of plasticizer selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight polybutenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil, and mixtures thereof, said mixing being at a temperature of about 25 to about 70°C for sufficient time to obtain a uniform mixture.
8. A masterbatch comprising:
(i) about 70 to about 99 parts by weight of a butyl rubber with a Mooney viscosity (ML 1+8 at 125°C) of from about 40 to about 60, (ii) about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a crosslinked butyl rubber having a solubility of from about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent in cyclohexane, for a total of 100 parts by weight of (i) and (ii), (iii) about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of cellulose fibre having an oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent, (iv) about 50 to about 250 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of particulate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, (v) and about 5 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of plasticizer selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight polybutenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil, and mixtures thereof.
(i) about 70 to about 99 parts by weight of a butyl rubber with a Mooney viscosity (ML 1+8 at 125°C) of from about 40 to about 60, (ii) about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a crosslinked butyl rubber having a solubility of from about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent in cyclohexane, for a total of 100 parts by weight of (i) and (ii), (iii) about 20 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of cellulose fibre having an oil absorption of between 600 and 900 percent, (iv) about 50 to about 250 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of particulate filler selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica, talc, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, (v) and about 5 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (i) and (ii) of plasticizer selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight polybutenes, naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic processing oils, epoxidized soyabean oil, and mixtures thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/297,336 US5026744A (en) | 1989-01-17 | 1989-01-17 | Synthetic clay |
| US297,336 | 1989-01-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2002032A1 true CA2002032A1 (en) | 1990-07-17 |
Family
ID=23145886
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002002032A Abandoned CA2002032A1 (en) | 1989-01-17 | 1989-11-01 | Synthetic clay |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5026744A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2002032A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69604377T2 (en) * | 1995-08-04 | 2000-03-23 | Cosmo Clay & Ceramics Co | SYNTHETIC CLAY FOR CERAMICS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| AUPO840197A0 (en) * | 1997-08-04 | 1997-08-28 | Barry Crommelin Nominees Pty. Ltd. | Self curing composition |
| US7041719B2 (en) * | 2002-03-07 | 2006-05-09 | Impact Gel Holdings | Shock absorbing compound |
| US20080026658A1 (en) * | 2002-03-07 | 2008-01-31 | Matthew Kriesel | Multi-axially stretchable polymer shock absorbing pad |
| US8302213B2 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2012-11-06 | Ig Holdings Llc | Helmets and vests |
| US20080250729A1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-16 | Matthew Kriesel | Acoustical and energy absorbent flooring underlayment |
| US20090042676A1 (en) * | 2007-08-06 | 2009-02-12 | Matthew Kriesel | Vibration Attenuating Ball Racquet |
| CN115449160B (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-12-05 | 四川航天燎原科技有限公司 | Rubber mastic and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1815998A (en) * | 1929-12-16 | 1931-07-28 | Samuel C Witherspoon | Weather-proof coating for rubber |
| US3463755A (en) * | 1962-12-31 | 1969-08-26 | Ashland Oil Inc | Black masterbatching butyl rubber |
| US3945975A (en) * | 1966-05-23 | 1976-03-23 | Protective Treatments, Inc. | Sealing adhesive strands and compositions therefor |
| US3500603A (en) * | 1967-01-03 | 1970-03-17 | Protective Treatments | Self-supporting,nonload-bearing resilient tape sealant |
| FR2094568A5 (en) * | 1970-07-13 | 1972-02-04 | Protective Treatments | |
| US3896245A (en) * | 1973-04-04 | 1975-07-22 | Protective Treatments | Pressure sensitive adhesive strips and sheets |
| US4440829A (en) * | 1982-06-29 | 1984-04-03 | Protective Treatments, Inc. | Coated bonding tapes having improved peel strength combined with low temperature flexibility |
-
1989
- 1989-01-17 US US07/297,336 patent/US5026744A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-11-01 CA CA002002032A patent/CA2002032A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| US5026744A (en) | 1991-06-25 |
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