CA2023281C - Method for gravel packing wells - Google Patents
Method for gravel packing wellsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2023281C CA2023281C CA002023281A CA2023281A CA2023281C CA 2023281 C CA2023281 C CA 2023281C CA 002023281 A CA002023281 A CA 002023281A CA 2023281 A CA2023281 A CA 2023281A CA 2023281 C CA2023281 C CA 2023281C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- conduit
- annulus
- gravel
- slurry
- sand screen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
- E21B43/04—Gravelling of wells
Landscapes
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Sealing Devices (AREA)
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
Abstract
A method for gravel packing a well penetrating an unconsolidated or poorly consolidated subterranean oil or gas reservoir. The well employs a borehole casing with perforation tunnels for fluid communication between the borehole casing anda substantial portion of the reservoir. A sand screen is located inside the wellcasing and in juxtaposition with the perforation tunnels forming an annulus between the borehole casing and the sand screen. One or more conduits are positioned coaxially adjacent the exterior of the sand screen with openings to provide fluid communication between the conduit and a substantial portion of theannulus between the borehole casing and the sand screen. A slurry of gravel is injected down through the annulus between the borehole casing and the sand screen until the annulus is filled with gravel. If injection of the slurry of gravel forms a gravel bridge in any portion of the annulus being packed thereby plugging the annulus between the casing and the sand screen, the slurry of gravel will continue to flow down the conduit and into the annulus below the gravel bridge thereby completely packing the annulus between the sand screen and the borehole casing. The oil or gas in the reservoir is then produced through the gravel packed borehole casing and the sand screen. If desired, the slurry of gravel may be injected down the well and up the conduit and annulus to accomplish complete packing. The method is also applicable to placing gravel packs in an open-hole wellbore adjacent to a substantial portion of an unconsolidated or poorly consolidated subterranean oil or gas reservoir.
Description
~ ~t - 2~ 2328 ~
A M~ J A WEIL
Ihis invention relates to a n-Pth~ for gravel pa~king a well, pa~;~~ rly a well that penetrates an ur~ t~l or poorly ann~l;~l~ted ~,I~,.dllean oil or gas reservoir.
In the pra~ction of h~ rl~ ~ls from h~dL~ -bearing olidated formations, a well is provided which ext~s fram the surfaoe of the ear~ into the ~ ted or poorly ~n~l i~ted fc~mation. Ihe well may be cn~rl~ y e~ploying c~-v~,l inn~l cn~rl~t;~n pr~ot;sp~ such as running and ~.k~.~ing ~;n~ in the well and form m g perforations through the c~;ng and CA~ sheath surrounding the casing, thereby forming an cpen pr~lr~;~n interval which communicates with the formation.
The production of h~d~ou~r~ ~ from ~u~.YoR ~ted or poorly consolidated formations may result in the pro~uction cf sand along with the h~dl~ ~rl~ s. Pro~l~ sand is l ~ ~;rable for many reasons. It is abrasive to o~4ul~lL~ within the w~l, such as tubing, pumps and valves, and must be removed L-om the E~xY~I~P~
f~ c at the ~ ~f~e. Furth itr partially or cx~pletely clog the well, UltLe~y making ~PS~,y an ~rPn~;ve workover. In addition, the sand flowing from the formation may leave therein a cavity which may result in caving the LG.~ion and coll~e of the casing.
A tPrhn;~le ~n~nly employed for oull~Lull;n~ the flow of sand from an ~u~ul~olidated or poorly co~c~ ted LuL~Lion into a well involves the forming of a gravel pack in the well adja oe nt part or all of the ~u~AL~nl;~Ated or poorly co~c~ ted LoL~aLion ~ro~e~
to the well. ~Le~LL~r~ hydrou~l f~ ~ are Fn~Y~l~P~ LL~U the formation through the gravel pack and into the well. Gravel packs have generally been ~~ r~l in mitigating the flow of sand from the LuL~Lion into the well.
Gne of the major problems ~ori~ted with gravel ~Ark;n~
~pec;~lly in gravel pacXing long or Lnclined intervals, arises from the ~;ff;~llty in completing packing the annulus h~ ~ n the screen .
'~
~0~28 1 Z ~ ' ar}d the casing for in-cas m g gravel packs or hP~cn the screen and the side of the hole for open hole or ~ ~ .t~u~31 gravel packs.
InP~m~lPte packing is often ~or;Ated with the formation of sand "bridges" in the interval to be packed which ~L~Vw,~ pl~m~nt of ~lff;~;~nt sand below that bridge, for top down gravel packing, or above that bridge, for LuLL~Il up gravel packing. In a~ k~3~ with this inNPn~;~n the problem ~Sor;~te~ with bridge Lu~ll~Lion is circumvented by permitting se~a~L~ pathways for sand laden slurry to reach locations above or below the sand bridge Qr bridges.
According to one ~pPct of the invention there is provided a ~ Yl for gravel packing a well that ~LL~es an ~ ted or poorly cn~ ted SUbte~L~1 oil or gas reservoir, comprising:
(a)(i) providing a borehole casing through said reservoir;
(a)(ii) ~LL~dLing said casing at prP~el-P~te~ L~Lvdls therealong to for~m at least one set of longitll~in~l perforation t D els adjacent a substantial portion cf said reservoir, (b) locating a sand screen inside the casing and in jnxtApn~ition with said perforation tunnels, an ann~lus being formed between said sand screen and said casing;
(c) Ex~si~ ;n~ a conduit in jl ~ Ar~fi;tion with said sand screen P~tPn~in~ ILially the length of said sand screen and having it~s upper and/or lower end open to fluidLs, said conduit having openings at pr~sPl~c~P~ intervz~Ls to estAhl;~h fluid communication hP~I~~~ the conduit and c~;d ~ C;
(d) injecting a fluid slurry ~nn~A;n;n~ gravel through said conduit whereby the fluid portion of the slurry is forced out of said annulu~s into said reservoir and the gravel portion of the slurry is ~Ppn~ited in said annNlus; and (e) terminating the injection of C~id fluid slurry ~n~tA;ning gravel when the said annulus is c~mrl~tPly packed with gravel.
This aspect of the invention is employed for llC~ with cased wellbores.
According to another ~ ct of the invention there is provided a 1~ r1 for gravel packing a well that ~ ~LL~Les an ~ ~,~olidated or poorly co~oli~ted SUb*~ 1 oil or gas ~e~e~uir, 2 0 2 ~ 2 cc~mprising;
(a) prcvidLng a welIbore thrcu3h said reservoir;
(b) locating a sand screen inside the welIbare and in juxtaposition with said wellbore, an annulus being formed hP~ n said sand screen and said welIbore;
(c) position m g a conduit in juxtaposition with said sand screen ~xtPn~;ng ~ ially the length of ~;d sand screen and having its upper and/or lower end cpen to fl~ , said conduit having openings at pr~PlPc~PA inbervals to es~hl;~h fluid communication hy~l ~ n the conduit and ~;d ~n~ll~
(d) injecting a fluid slurry c~n~;n;n~ gravel down through said conduit whereby the fluid portion of the slurry is forced out of said annulus into said reserv~ir and the gravel portion of the slurry is depo6ited in said annulus; and (e) terminating the injection of said fluid slurry containing gravel when the said annulus is cn~rl~tPly pac~ed with gravel.
This aspect of the invPntion is emplcyed for use with open-hole ~relIbores.
The crcss-~ect;~nal area of said conduit and said annulus can be sized so that if gravel forms a bridge in a portion or said annulus thereby blocking the flow of fluid slurry thrcugh said annulus, fluid slurry containing gravel will continue to flcw through the conduit and into the annulus arcund the gravel bridge.
Ihe slurry need not be only be injected down the conduit. For Px~m~lP, in one ~mkn~;mP~t may a~;tionally be injected th~x~h the annulus as well as the conduit.
Preferably said conduit has said CpeIlIngB throughout a sub6tantial portion of said conduit. Ihe feature is ~pPCi~lly preferred when the slurry is injected through both the annulus and con~uit.
Preferably said fiuid communication is estAhl;~h~ hPtsr~cn said conduit and a su~ ial portion of said annulus. This feature is ~r~c;~lly preferred when the conduit is ~P~ at its upper end, or when the slurry is injected through the conduit only.
In one embodiment, in step (d) said fluid slurry is injected down through said conduit or down throu~h said annulus and conduit.
~' ~-, ' ~ ?0 2328 ~ Z
In this P~o~;~Pnt the conduit is a~v~ ly ~PAleA to fl~ at its lower end.
In another ~-~o~ nt is step (d) said fluid flurry is injected down the well and up through the conduit or up thlx~gh the annulus and conduit. In this ~mbn~imPnt the conduit is advantA~eal~ly ~PAlPA
to fluids at its upper end.
In step (d) the fluid portion of said slurry may be forced out of said annulus thrcu~h said ~LuL~Lion tunnels into said reservoir.
In step (d) the gravel portion of said slurry may be ~Pp~s;ted in said annulus and forced into the ~L~Lion h mnel~ into the formation.
Desirably a plurality of conduits are at~A~hPA to the sand screen.
m e o~x~LLngs in the conduit may be ~Y~L~Lions, or may be lateral extensions Cl~-- the conduit.
The ccnduit may be positicned co~x~ y adjacent said sand screen. This is part;~ll~rly preferred when the invention is used with open-hole wellbores.
Reference is now made t~ the accr~panying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view o~ a perforated well casing at a location of an ~u ~l~olidated'or loosely consolidated formati~ for carrying out the ~ rl of the ~le~*~lL invention;
Figure 2 is a partial cross-~Pct;~nal view of a well cr~rlPt;nn for use inside the well casing of Figure 1 for carrying out the u~Ulod of the present inventicn;
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic fluid flow pattern illustrating the formation of sand bridges and use of se~a~Le pathways to circ~mvent sand bridge formation; and Figure 4 is a c~oss-~P~t;~nal view of the well cnmrl~t,;n~ taken along the lines 4-4 of Figure 1 with the p_rforations in the ~a~Le ~1~uulel extended.
Referring to Figure 1, there is illustrated one ~m~Q~ nt of a well gravel pac~ing operation useful in carrying aut the ~thn~ of the ~Le~*~lL invention. With reference to Figure 1, there is illustrated a well 1 which extends from the surface of the earth 3 '~
~ f~.
2 0 2 3 2 8 ~ ~
into an unconsolidated or poorly co~ol;~ted L~rl-~Lion 5 containing oil or gas. Well 1 is ~ P~ with a korehole casing 9 that is bonded to the walls of the well Jy a cement sheath 11. A plurality of perforation tunnels 12 extend thrcugh borehole casing 9 and ~ L sheath 11 at prP~PlPcte~ intervals thereby forming an open prQ~lrt;nn interval 14 that provides for fluid communication hp~r~cn the interval 14 of well 1 and a S~L~lA~ll ;A1 portiQn of the ~ ~l~olidated or poorly co~.cnl;~Ated formation 5. Ihe perforaticn tunnels 12 ~h~ll~ have ~;AmPtprs hP~n 1/8 inch (0.318cm) and 1 inch (2.54cm) or more, and ~Y~Pn~ vertically alQng the longi~ ~;n~l axis of the korehole c~;n~ 9. Gravel packer,s 15 and 16 are set inside the casing 9 to isolate that portiQn of the well casing containing ~e~L~Lion tunnels 12 in communicatlon with the oil or gas containing formation 5. A sand screen 18 is located inside ~o~hole casing 9 and in juxLd~osition with the perforated tunnels 12 to form an annulus space or ~Pr~;nn 20 hP~cn the sand screen 18 and the borehole casmg 9. Sand screen 18 ccmprises a cont;mla wrappLng of wire ribbon (not shown) on-the blank pipe 21 or a slotted liner, or other sand retaining devices. The purpose of the sand screen 18 is to allow fluid flow r,~,l the f~ ion while preventing the ~I~V~ of sand and gravel. With a wire Wrd~ked screen slots or holes 22 are first cut or drilled in the pipe 21 to allow fluid flow. Metal r;hc (not shcwn) are welded longitudinally on the outside of the pipe 21. Then the wire r;hh~n is wrapped around the metal ribs in a h~ Al pattern. This type of sand screen is conventional in the industry. Other conventional sand S~L~L~-include slotted liners or prepacked Iiners. A typical sand screen is disclosed by Jennings in U.S. Pabent No. 4,664,191, issued May 12, 1987.
Sand S~l ~ ~ generally are manlf~c~ ~ed in lengths of 30 feet -(9.14m) or lec~, ~u~ ku~ing to one joint of pipe. Spacing between the wire rihhnns in the wire wrap or size of slots in a slotted liner depend on the sand or gravel size whose movement is to ke pr~hibited. At least one inch (2.54cm) of radial cleaLdl ~ is desirable hP~ ~n the sand screen and the casing 9. The blank pipe 21 ll~lAlly ~x~Pn~ a~ove the wire rikbons.
The sand screen 18 is supported from a conventional gravel ,. ~ .
~;
2 0 2 3 ~ 2 ~ 1 packer 16. Such a gravel packer serves tw~ p~rpo6es. It controls the path of flow of the gravel packing sand into the annNlus spa oe 20 hP~cn the sand screen 18 and the korehole ra~ing 9 from a conventional cross-over tool 19 through the cross-over ports 24 and 26 during hydraulic fracturing and gravel packing and, along with the gravel packer 16, forms an isolating seal for the annulus space 20 ~uring oil or gas production from the L~seL~ir. Other m~h~n;~l a~L~ L~ may be used to m~;ntA;n a similar relation hip between the L~L~ ion s, ~n~l~ spa oe 20 and sand screen 18.
In the embQ~;r-nt of the invention shown in Figure 1, one or more conduits 28 are ~Y~l~te~ or i~vL~L~Led into the screen in juxtapo6ition with the exterior of the sand screen 18. Ihe or each conduit 28 is preferably secured to or is part of the sand screen 18 and is of ~lff;~ nt size to pPrmit the flow of sand.or gravel slurry. The or each conduit 28 extends substantially thra~h~lt the distance of the annulus spa oe 20 to he gravel packed and can be oFen at both ends or oFen at the top and s~ at its lower end to fluids.
Conduit 28 is provided with a plurality of op~nings or p~rforations 30 at pr~Plected intervals therealong that extend the length thereof to estAhl;~h fluid co~mNnication hP~cn conduit 28 and annulus spa oe 20. In another ~mhn~ t, as illustrated in Figure 4, the oppn;n~c in condhit 28 m~y consist of a pipe (either circular, square, ~L~ ~lar or curved etc), with perforations 30 (Figure 1) or lateral conduits 32 (Figure 4) to permit flaw of slurry gravel pack into annulus ~ect;nn 20. Alth~k~ the conduit 28 may he made of any pressure-resistant m~terial, it is preferably made of stainless steel.
Having naw described one ~mhc~;m~t of a well ccmpl~t;~ useful in c ~ rying out the -- 1 }-~ 1 of the ~e~,~ inventian, the use of such a well c~mrlPt;n~ will now ke described in conj~ t;~ with the gravel packing method of the prese~t invention. Initially, the borehole casing 9 is cemented in place and perforated at preselected intervals to form at least one set of longi~l~;n~l perforation ~ ~e, ? O ~ ~ 2 ~ ~ -tunnels 12 that extend thr~ ~ ~lt a su~L~ILial portion of the formation 5. The sand screen 18 along with con*uit 28 secured thereto, or otherwise maintained in position, is located inside such casing and in juxtaposition with the perforation tunnels 12 as shown in Figure 1. ~and screen 18 is held in pOSitiQn by the gravel packer 16 and the ~ annulus ~ct;~n 20 is provided hPt~cn the two gravel ~a~k~I~ 14 and 16. m e sand screen 18 and on ~ l;t 28 extend thr~ ~ ~lt a ~~ l portion of the f~ ~Lion 5. m e conduit 28 may begin at the tcp, ~n~ t above, even with, or ~ h~ly below the top of the sand screen 18. m e conduit 28 may end at the LuLL~, s~- ~t above, even with, or below the bott~m of the sand s~le~.
18.
Referring now to Figure 2, a slurry of gravel is injected down the well casing 9 thrcugh a wor~ string (not shown) into the cross-over tool 19. m e term gravel as used herein shall ~
hard, rigid particulate matter ranging in size frcm very fine sand ~o ~nhle size ma~erial having a size in the range of 8/12 to 250 mesh, preferably 40/60 mesh. m e gravel pack slurry ~c~p-c through cross-over ports 34 and 36 in the cr~CC-over tool 19, which are in fluid ccmmunication with cross-over ports 24 and 26 in the gravel packer 16 and then into annulus spa oe 20. m e conventional cr Cc-over port 40 fr~m the wa_h pipe 42 of cross-over tool 19 in fluid c~m~1nic~tion with ~nmlll1.s section 44 above the packer 16 is closed so as to inhibit the flow of gravel slurry from ~nm~1l1.5 space 20 through the sand screen 18 and upward through the cross-over tool l9 into ~nmlll1~ section 44. C~n.sP~l~ntly, all the gravel slurry is forced into ~nn~ section 20 and out the perforation tunnels 12 into the surrounding formation 5.
m e gravel slurry ic injected into the well until annulus space 20 surroundin~ the sand screen 18 is f;ll~ with gravel. Re~ Lng to Figure 1, the arrows a-e illustrate fluid flow paths during the gravel packing phase Gf the present invention. These fluid flow paths are as follows:
'â~32sl - a: down the cross-over tool 19, b: throu3h open cross-over ports 34 and 36 of cross-over tool 19, c: thrcugh cpen cross-over ports 24 and 26 of gravel packer 16, d: thrcu3h annulus section 20 and conduit 28, and - ~
e: thr wgh ~k~LuLdLions 12 into the formation.
The fluid portian of the slurry c~uld also pass through the sand screen 18 and into the wash pipe 42.
As injection of the gravel slurry cont;~l~, a gravel pack 46 as shown in Figure 3 begins to fill annulus spa oe 20 an~ cn ~ l;t 28 LLam the bottum to the top. Due to non-uniformity in the pPrm~Ah;l;ty of the Lull-~Lion 5, the fluid portion of the gravel slurry will preferentially flow into the high ~Prm~Ah;l;ty zones of the formation 5 and a bridge 48 of gravel may oocur in the upper portion of An~l~ space 20, thus essentially halting fluid flow thrcugh annulus spa oe 20. As soon as a gravel bridge 48 plugs annulus spa oe 20, then gravel slurry will continue to flow out thrcugh ~LLu~Lions 32 in conduit 28 below the gravel bridge 48 there~y allowing further ~lArPmp~t of gravel packing sand in the annulus space 20 below the sand bridge 48. By making the cross sectional area of conduit 28 sm~ller than the cross-sectional area of ~nmllll.s space 20, the fluid velocity in conduit 28 will be greater than the fluid velocity in ~nmllll.s space 20 thereby helpmg to prevent bridging of gravel within conduit 28. Lateral conduits 32 illustrated in Figure 4 can also be used to decrea ~ possibility of such bridging.
No matter hcw many gravel bridges are formed in ~nmll~r section 20, the flow of fluid cont~-ning gravel is diverted around the gravel bridges until the entire interval in ~nml~r space 20 is gravel p~.k~. Thus, the entire ~nmllll~s space 20 is gravel packed using the separate flow channel cc,ncept.
Instead of injecting the gravel slurry down annulus spa oe 20 for packing, as de~cr;hP~ above, the ~ravel pack slurry may be injected down the well and up the annulus spa oe 20 to be packed in a~cul~k~ with gravel packing techniques kncwn in the art. In this embo~;mP~t~ conduit 28 will be open at koth ends or cpened at the lower end and ~e~le~ at its upper end to fluids.
In still another fmho~ nt, all of the gravel or sand slurry may be pumped only through the conduit 28. By ~r~e~ design of the perforations 22, the entire annulus space 20 can be packed by using the perforations to divert gravel pack slurry along the entire interval to be packed. In this case, the annulus space 20 could be essentially closed off except to flow from conduit 28.
After the gravel pack has been completed, oil or gas production may now ke irw~~;~tely carried out by removal of the cross-over tool 19 and repl~Pm~nt with conventional producing tubing. m e fluid flow paths during the pro~l~-ti~ phase is illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 4,685,519. m e gravel pack which is placed in the well around the sand screen 18 is ~lff;c;~t to ~L~ L migration of fines from the formation into the well. Placement of said gravel pack im~h;l; 7~ the sand within the formation and overall fluid communication paths between the formation and the well bore for the production of oil or gas.
m e m~thn~ of the ~Les~lL invention is also ap~pl;c~hl~ to placing a gravel pack in an open-hole ~~llh~re dril~ed in an ~Jl~oli~ted or poorly consolidated subttLL~I oil or gas reservoir as illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 3,434,540. In this embodiment, a gravel pack is placed in the wellbore to rest against the wellbore in the formation so that fluid flowing from the formation passes through the gravel pack. Positioning a conduit or plurality of conduits in the annulus between the sand ~rreen and the w~llhnre in avo~ x~ with the ~Le5~1~ invention, provides separate flow paths to permit gravel pack slurry to bypass sand bridges which might build up in the annulus hP~a~n the sand screen and the w~llhnre.
It will he a~Leoiated by those skilled in the art that the method described above may he mn~;f;~ within the scope of the appended claims.
A M~ J A WEIL
Ihis invention relates to a n-Pth~ for gravel pa~king a well, pa~;~~ rly a well that penetrates an ur~ t~l or poorly ann~l;~l~ted ~,I~,.dllean oil or gas reservoir.
In the pra~ction of h~ rl~ ~ls from h~dL~ -bearing olidated formations, a well is provided which ext~s fram the surfaoe of the ear~ into the ~ ted or poorly ~n~l i~ted fc~mation. Ihe well may be cn~rl~ y e~ploying c~-v~,l inn~l cn~rl~t;~n pr~ot;sp~ such as running and ~.k~.~ing ~;n~ in the well and form m g perforations through the c~;ng and CA~ sheath surrounding the casing, thereby forming an cpen pr~lr~;~n interval which communicates with the formation.
The production of h~d~ou~r~ ~ from ~u~.YoR ~ted or poorly consolidated formations may result in the pro~uction cf sand along with the h~dl~ ~rl~ s. Pro~l~ sand is l ~ ~;rable for many reasons. It is abrasive to o~4ul~lL~ within the w~l, such as tubing, pumps and valves, and must be removed L-om the E~xY~I~P~
f~ c at the ~ ~f~e. Furth itr partially or cx~pletely clog the well, UltLe~y making ~PS~,y an ~rPn~;ve workover. In addition, the sand flowing from the formation may leave therein a cavity which may result in caving the LG.~ion and coll~e of the casing.
A tPrhn;~le ~n~nly employed for oull~Lull;n~ the flow of sand from an ~u~ul~olidated or poorly co~c~ ted LuL~Lion into a well involves the forming of a gravel pack in the well adja oe nt part or all of the ~u~AL~nl;~Ated or poorly co~c~ ted LoL~aLion ~ro~e~
to the well. ~Le~LL~r~ hydrou~l f~ ~ are Fn~Y~l~P~ LL~U the formation through the gravel pack and into the well. Gravel packs have generally been ~~ r~l in mitigating the flow of sand from the LuL~Lion into the well.
Gne of the major problems ~ori~ted with gravel ~Ark;n~
~pec;~lly in gravel pacXing long or Lnclined intervals, arises from the ~;ff;~llty in completing packing the annulus h~ ~ n the screen .
'~
~0~28 1 Z ~ ' ar}d the casing for in-cas m g gravel packs or hP~cn the screen and the side of the hole for open hole or ~ ~ .t~u~31 gravel packs.
InP~m~lPte packing is often ~or;Ated with the formation of sand "bridges" in the interval to be packed which ~L~Vw,~ pl~m~nt of ~lff;~;~nt sand below that bridge, for top down gravel packing, or above that bridge, for LuLL~Il up gravel packing. In a~ k~3~ with this inNPn~;~n the problem ~Sor;~te~ with bridge Lu~ll~Lion is circumvented by permitting se~a~L~ pathways for sand laden slurry to reach locations above or below the sand bridge Qr bridges.
According to one ~pPct of the invention there is provided a ~ Yl for gravel packing a well that ~LL~es an ~ ted or poorly cn~ ted SUbte~L~1 oil or gas reservoir, comprising:
(a)(i) providing a borehole casing through said reservoir;
(a)(ii) ~LL~dLing said casing at prP~el-P~te~ L~Lvdls therealong to for~m at least one set of longitll~in~l perforation t D els adjacent a substantial portion cf said reservoir, (b) locating a sand screen inside the casing and in jnxtApn~ition with said perforation tunnels, an ann~lus being formed between said sand screen and said casing;
(c) Ex~si~ ;n~ a conduit in jl ~ Ar~fi;tion with said sand screen P~tPn~in~ ILially the length of said sand screen and having it~s upper and/or lower end open to fluidLs, said conduit having openings at pr~sPl~c~P~ intervz~Ls to estAhl;~h fluid communication hP~I~~~ the conduit and c~;d ~ C;
(d) injecting a fluid slurry ~nn~A;n;n~ gravel through said conduit whereby the fluid portion of the slurry is forced out of said annulu~s into said reservoir and the gravel portion of the slurry is ~Ppn~ited in said annNlus; and (e) terminating the injection of C~id fluid slurry ~n~tA;ning gravel when the said annulus is c~mrl~tPly packed with gravel.
This aspect of the invention is employed for llC~ with cased wellbores.
According to another ~ ct of the invention there is provided a 1~ r1 for gravel packing a well that ~ ~LL~Les an ~ ~,~olidated or poorly co~oli~ted SUb*~ 1 oil or gas ~e~e~uir, 2 0 2 ~ 2 cc~mprising;
(a) prcvidLng a welIbore thrcu3h said reservoir;
(b) locating a sand screen inside the welIbare and in juxtaposition with said wellbore, an annulus being formed hP~ n said sand screen and said welIbore;
(c) position m g a conduit in juxtaposition with said sand screen ~xtPn~;ng ~ ially the length of ~;d sand screen and having its upper and/or lower end cpen to fl~ , said conduit having openings at pr~PlPc~PA inbervals to es~hl;~h fluid communication hy~l ~ n the conduit and ~;d ~n~ll~
(d) injecting a fluid slurry c~n~;n;n~ gravel down through said conduit whereby the fluid portion of the slurry is forced out of said annulus into said reserv~ir and the gravel portion of the slurry is depo6ited in said annulus; and (e) terminating the injection of said fluid slurry containing gravel when the said annulus is cn~rl~tPly pac~ed with gravel.
This aspect of the invPntion is emplcyed for use with open-hole ~relIbores.
The crcss-~ect;~nal area of said conduit and said annulus can be sized so that if gravel forms a bridge in a portion or said annulus thereby blocking the flow of fluid slurry thrcugh said annulus, fluid slurry containing gravel will continue to flcw through the conduit and into the annulus arcund the gravel bridge.
Ihe slurry need not be only be injected down the conduit. For Px~m~lP, in one ~mkn~;mP~t may a~;tionally be injected th~x~h the annulus as well as the conduit.
Preferably said conduit has said CpeIlIngB throughout a sub6tantial portion of said conduit. Ihe feature is ~pPCi~lly preferred when the slurry is injected through both the annulus and con~uit.
Preferably said fiuid communication is estAhl;~h~ hPtsr~cn said conduit and a su~ ial portion of said annulus. This feature is ~r~c;~lly preferred when the conduit is ~P~ at its upper end, or when the slurry is injected through the conduit only.
In one embodiment, in step (d) said fluid slurry is injected down through said conduit or down throu~h said annulus and conduit.
~' ~-, ' ~ ?0 2328 ~ Z
In this P~o~;~Pnt the conduit is a~v~ ly ~PAleA to fl~ at its lower end.
In another ~-~o~ nt is step (d) said fluid flurry is injected down the well and up through the conduit or up thlx~gh the annulus and conduit. In this ~mbn~imPnt the conduit is advantA~eal~ly ~PAlPA
to fluids at its upper end.
In step (d) the fluid portion of said slurry may be forced out of said annulus thrcu~h said ~LuL~Lion tunnels into said reservoir.
In step (d) the gravel portion of said slurry may be ~Pp~s;ted in said annulus and forced into the ~L~Lion h mnel~ into the formation.
Desirably a plurality of conduits are at~A~hPA to the sand screen.
m e o~x~LLngs in the conduit may be ~Y~L~Lions, or may be lateral extensions Cl~-- the conduit.
The ccnduit may be positicned co~x~ y adjacent said sand screen. This is part;~ll~rly preferred when the invention is used with open-hole wellbores.
Reference is now made t~ the accr~panying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view o~ a perforated well casing at a location of an ~u ~l~olidated'or loosely consolidated formati~ for carrying out the ~ rl of the ~le~*~lL invention;
Figure 2 is a partial cross-~Pct;~nal view of a well cr~rlPt;nn for use inside the well casing of Figure 1 for carrying out the u~Ulod of the present inventicn;
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic fluid flow pattern illustrating the formation of sand bridges and use of se~a~Le pathways to circ~mvent sand bridge formation; and Figure 4 is a c~oss-~P~t;~nal view of the well cnmrl~t,;n~ taken along the lines 4-4 of Figure 1 with the p_rforations in the ~a~Le ~1~uulel extended.
Referring to Figure 1, there is illustrated one ~m~Q~ nt of a well gravel pac~ing operation useful in carrying aut the ~thn~ of the ~Le~*~lL invention. With reference to Figure 1, there is illustrated a well 1 which extends from the surface of the earth 3 '~
~ f~.
2 0 2 3 2 8 ~ ~
into an unconsolidated or poorly co~ol;~ted L~rl-~Lion 5 containing oil or gas. Well 1 is ~ P~ with a korehole casing 9 that is bonded to the walls of the well Jy a cement sheath 11. A plurality of perforation tunnels 12 extend thrcugh borehole casing 9 and ~ L sheath 11 at prP~PlPcte~ intervals thereby forming an open prQ~lrt;nn interval 14 that provides for fluid communication hp~r~cn the interval 14 of well 1 and a S~L~lA~ll ;A1 portiQn of the ~ ~l~olidated or poorly co~.cnl;~Ated formation 5. Ihe perforaticn tunnels 12 ~h~ll~ have ~;AmPtprs hP~n 1/8 inch (0.318cm) and 1 inch (2.54cm) or more, and ~Y~Pn~ vertically alQng the longi~ ~;n~l axis of the korehole c~;n~ 9. Gravel packer,s 15 and 16 are set inside the casing 9 to isolate that portiQn of the well casing containing ~e~L~Lion tunnels 12 in communicatlon with the oil or gas containing formation 5. A sand screen 18 is located inside ~o~hole casing 9 and in juxLd~osition with the perforated tunnels 12 to form an annulus space or ~Pr~;nn 20 hP~cn the sand screen 18 and the borehole casmg 9. Sand screen 18 ccmprises a cont;mla wrappLng of wire ribbon (not shown) on-the blank pipe 21 or a slotted liner, or other sand retaining devices. The purpose of the sand screen 18 is to allow fluid flow r,~,l the f~ ion while preventing the ~I~V~ of sand and gravel. With a wire Wrd~ked screen slots or holes 22 are first cut or drilled in the pipe 21 to allow fluid flow. Metal r;hc (not shcwn) are welded longitudinally on the outside of the pipe 21. Then the wire r;hh~n is wrapped around the metal ribs in a h~ Al pattern. This type of sand screen is conventional in the industry. Other conventional sand S~L~L~-include slotted liners or prepacked Iiners. A typical sand screen is disclosed by Jennings in U.S. Pabent No. 4,664,191, issued May 12, 1987.
Sand S~l ~ ~ generally are manlf~c~ ~ed in lengths of 30 feet -(9.14m) or lec~, ~u~ ku~ing to one joint of pipe. Spacing between the wire rihhnns in the wire wrap or size of slots in a slotted liner depend on the sand or gravel size whose movement is to ke pr~hibited. At least one inch (2.54cm) of radial cleaLdl ~ is desirable hP~ ~n the sand screen and the casing 9. The blank pipe 21 ll~lAlly ~x~Pn~ a~ove the wire rikbons.
The sand screen 18 is supported from a conventional gravel ,. ~ .
~;
2 0 2 3 ~ 2 ~ 1 packer 16. Such a gravel packer serves tw~ p~rpo6es. It controls the path of flow of the gravel packing sand into the annNlus spa oe 20 hP~cn the sand screen 18 and the korehole ra~ing 9 from a conventional cross-over tool 19 through the cross-over ports 24 and 26 during hydraulic fracturing and gravel packing and, along with the gravel packer 16, forms an isolating seal for the annulus space 20 ~uring oil or gas production from the L~seL~ir. Other m~h~n;~l a~L~ L~ may be used to m~;ntA;n a similar relation hip between the L~L~ ion s, ~n~l~ spa oe 20 and sand screen 18.
In the embQ~;r-nt of the invention shown in Figure 1, one or more conduits 28 are ~Y~l~te~ or i~vL~L~Led into the screen in juxtapo6ition with the exterior of the sand screen 18. Ihe or each conduit 28 is preferably secured to or is part of the sand screen 18 and is of ~lff;~ nt size to pPrmit the flow of sand.or gravel slurry. The or each conduit 28 extends substantially thra~h~lt the distance of the annulus spa oe 20 to he gravel packed and can be oFen at both ends or oFen at the top and s~ at its lower end to fluids.
Conduit 28 is provided with a plurality of op~nings or p~rforations 30 at pr~Plected intervals therealong that extend the length thereof to estAhl;~h fluid co~mNnication hP~cn conduit 28 and annulus spa oe 20. In another ~mhn~ t, as illustrated in Figure 4, the oppn;n~c in condhit 28 m~y consist of a pipe (either circular, square, ~L~ ~lar or curved etc), with perforations 30 (Figure 1) or lateral conduits 32 (Figure 4) to permit flaw of slurry gravel pack into annulus ~ect;nn 20. Alth~k~ the conduit 28 may he made of any pressure-resistant m~terial, it is preferably made of stainless steel.
Having naw described one ~mhc~;m~t of a well ccmpl~t;~ useful in c ~ rying out the -- 1 }-~ 1 of the ~e~,~ inventian, the use of such a well c~mrlPt;n~ will now ke described in conj~ t;~ with the gravel packing method of the prese~t invention. Initially, the borehole casing 9 is cemented in place and perforated at preselected intervals to form at least one set of longi~l~;n~l perforation ~ ~e, ? O ~ ~ 2 ~ ~ -tunnels 12 that extend thr~ ~ ~lt a su~L~ILial portion of the formation 5. The sand screen 18 along with con*uit 28 secured thereto, or otherwise maintained in position, is located inside such casing and in juxtaposition with the perforation tunnels 12 as shown in Figure 1. ~and screen 18 is held in pOSitiQn by the gravel packer 16 and the ~ annulus ~ct;~n 20 is provided hPt~cn the two gravel ~a~k~I~ 14 and 16. m e sand screen 18 and on ~ l;t 28 extend thr~ ~ ~lt a ~~ l portion of the f~ ~Lion 5. m e conduit 28 may begin at the tcp, ~n~ t above, even with, or ~ h~ly below the top of the sand screen 18. m e conduit 28 may end at the LuLL~, s~- ~t above, even with, or below the bott~m of the sand s~le~.
18.
Referring now to Figure 2, a slurry of gravel is injected down the well casing 9 thrcugh a wor~ string (not shown) into the cross-over tool 19. m e term gravel as used herein shall ~
hard, rigid particulate matter ranging in size frcm very fine sand ~o ~nhle size ma~erial having a size in the range of 8/12 to 250 mesh, preferably 40/60 mesh. m e gravel pack slurry ~c~p-c through cross-over ports 34 and 36 in the cr~CC-over tool 19, which are in fluid ccmmunication with cross-over ports 24 and 26 in the gravel packer 16 and then into annulus spa oe 20. m e conventional cr Cc-over port 40 fr~m the wa_h pipe 42 of cross-over tool 19 in fluid c~m~1nic~tion with ~nmlll1.s section 44 above the packer 16 is closed so as to inhibit the flow of gravel slurry from ~nm~1l1.5 space 20 through the sand screen 18 and upward through the cross-over tool l9 into ~nmlll1~ section 44. C~n.sP~l~ntly, all the gravel slurry is forced into ~nn~ section 20 and out the perforation tunnels 12 into the surrounding formation 5.
m e gravel slurry ic injected into the well until annulus space 20 surroundin~ the sand screen 18 is f;ll~ with gravel. Re~ Lng to Figure 1, the arrows a-e illustrate fluid flow paths during the gravel packing phase Gf the present invention. These fluid flow paths are as follows:
'â~32sl - a: down the cross-over tool 19, b: throu3h open cross-over ports 34 and 36 of cross-over tool 19, c: thrcugh cpen cross-over ports 24 and 26 of gravel packer 16, d: thrcu3h annulus section 20 and conduit 28, and - ~
e: thr wgh ~k~LuLdLions 12 into the formation.
The fluid portian of the slurry c~uld also pass through the sand screen 18 and into the wash pipe 42.
As injection of the gravel slurry cont;~l~, a gravel pack 46 as shown in Figure 3 begins to fill annulus spa oe 20 an~ cn ~ l;t 28 LLam the bottum to the top. Due to non-uniformity in the pPrm~Ah;l;ty of the Lull-~Lion 5, the fluid portion of the gravel slurry will preferentially flow into the high ~Prm~Ah;l;ty zones of the formation 5 and a bridge 48 of gravel may oocur in the upper portion of An~l~ space 20, thus essentially halting fluid flow thrcugh annulus spa oe 20. As soon as a gravel bridge 48 plugs annulus spa oe 20, then gravel slurry will continue to flow out thrcugh ~LLu~Lions 32 in conduit 28 below the gravel bridge 48 there~y allowing further ~lArPmp~t of gravel packing sand in the annulus space 20 below the sand bridge 48. By making the cross sectional area of conduit 28 sm~ller than the cross-sectional area of ~nmllll.s space 20, the fluid velocity in conduit 28 will be greater than the fluid velocity in ~nmllll.s space 20 thereby helpmg to prevent bridging of gravel within conduit 28. Lateral conduits 32 illustrated in Figure 4 can also be used to decrea ~ possibility of such bridging.
No matter hcw many gravel bridges are formed in ~nmll~r section 20, the flow of fluid cont~-ning gravel is diverted around the gravel bridges until the entire interval in ~nml~r space 20 is gravel p~.k~. Thus, the entire ~nmllll~s space 20 is gravel packed using the separate flow channel cc,ncept.
Instead of injecting the gravel slurry down annulus spa oe 20 for packing, as de~cr;hP~ above, the ~ravel pack slurry may be injected down the well and up the annulus spa oe 20 to be packed in a~cul~k~ with gravel packing techniques kncwn in the art. In this embo~;mP~t~ conduit 28 will be open at koth ends or cpened at the lower end and ~e~le~ at its upper end to fluids.
In still another fmho~ nt, all of the gravel or sand slurry may be pumped only through the conduit 28. By ~r~e~ design of the perforations 22, the entire annulus space 20 can be packed by using the perforations to divert gravel pack slurry along the entire interval to be packed. In this case, the annulus space 20 could be essentially closed off except to flow from conduit 28.
After the gravel pack has been completed, oil or gas production may now ke irw~~;~tely carried out by removal of the cross-over tool 19 and repl~Pm~nt with conventional producing tubing. m e fluid flow paths during the pro~l~-ti~ phase is illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 4,685,519. m e gravel pack which is placed in the well around the sand screen 18 is ~lff;c;~t to ~L~ L migration of fines from the formation into the well. Placement of said gravel pack im~h;l; 7~ the sand within the formation and overall fluid communication paths between the formation and the well bore for the production of oil or gas.
m e m~thn~ of the ~Les~lL invention is also ap~pl;c~hl~ to placing a gravel pack in an open-hole ~~llh~re dril~ed in an ~Jl~oli~ted or poorly consolidated subttLL~I oil or gas reservoir as illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 3,434,540. In this embodiment, a gravel pack is placed in the wellbore to rest against the wellbore in the formation so that fluid flowing from the formation passes through the gravel pack. Positioning a conduit or plurality of conduits in the annulus between the sand ~rreen and the w~llhnre in avo~ x~ with the ~Le5~1~ invention, provides separate flow paths to permit gravel pack slurry to bypass sand bridges which might build up in the annulus hP~a~n the sand screen and the w~llhnre.
It will he a~Leoiated by those skilled in the art that the method described above may he mn~;f;~ within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (38)
1. A method for gravel packing a well that penetrates an unconsolidated or poorly consolidated subterranean oil or gas reservoir, comprising:
(a)(i) providing a borehole casing through said reservoir;
(a)(ii) perforating said casing at preselected intervals therealong to form at least one set of longitudinal perforation tunnels adjacent a substantial portion of said reservoir;
(b) locating a sand screen inside the casing and in juxtaposition with said perforation tunnels, an annulus being formed between said sand screen and said casing;
(c) positioning a conduit in juxtaposition with said sand screen extending substantially the length of said sand screen and having its upper and/or lower end open to fluids, said conduit having openings at preselected intervals to establish fluid communication between the conduit and said annulus;
(d) injecting a fluid slurry containing gravel through said conduit whereby the fluid portion of the slurry is forced out of said annulus into said reservoir and the gravel portion of the slurry is deposited in said annulus; and (e) terminating the injection of said fluid slurry containing gravel when the said annulus is completely packed with gravel.
(a)(i) providing a borehole casing through said reservoir;
(a)(ii) perforating said casing at preselected intervals therealong to form at least one set of longitudinal perforation tunnels adjacent a substantial portion of said reservoir;
(b) locating a sand screen inside the casing and in juxtaposition with said perforation tunnels, an annulus being formed between said sand screen and said casing;
(c) positioning a conduit in juxtaposition with said sand screen extending substantially the length of said sand screen and having its upper and/or lower end open to fluids, said conduit having openings at preselected intervals to establish fluid communication between the conduit and said annulus;
(d) injecting a fluid slurry containing gravel through said conduit whereby the fluid portion of the slurry is forced out of said annulus into said reservoir and the gravel portion of the slurry is deposited in said annulus; and (e) terminating the injection of said fluid slurry containing gravel when the said annulus is completely packed with gravel.
2. A method for gravel packing a well that penetrates an unconsolidated or poorly consolidated subterranean oil or gas reservoir, comprising:
(a) providing a wellbore through said reservoir;
(b) locating a sand screen inside the wellbore and in juxtaposition with said wellbore, an annulus being formed between said sand screen and said wellbore;
(c) positioning a conduit in juxtaposition with said sand screen extending substantially the length of said sand screen and having its upper and/or lower end open to fluids, said conduit having openings at preselected intervals to establish fluid communication between the conduit and said annulus;
(d) injecting a fluid slurry containing gravel down through said conduit whereby the fluid portion of the slurry is forced out of said annulus into said reservoir and the gravel portion of the slurry is deposited in said annulus; and (e) terminating the injection of said fluid slurry containing gravel when the said annulus is completely packed with gravel.
(a) providing a wellbore through said reservoir;
(b) locating a sand screen inside the wellbore and in juxtaposition with said wellbore, an annulus being formed between said sand screen and said wellbore;
(c) positioning a conduit in juxtaposition with said sand screen extending substantially the length of said sand screen and having its upper and/or lower end open to fluids, said conduit having openings at preselected intervals to establish fluid communication between the conduit and said annulus;
(d) injecting a fluid slurry containing gravel down through said conduit whereby the fluid portion of the slurry is forced out of said annulus into said reservoir and the gravel portion of the slurry is deposited in said annulus; and (e) terminating the injection of said fluid slurry containing gravel when the said annulus is completely packed with gravel.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (c) said fluid communication is establish between the conduit and a substantial portion of said annulus.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (d) said fluid slurry is injected down through said conduit.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the conduit is sealed to fluids at its lower end.
6. A method according to claim 3, wherein in step (d) said fluid slurry is injected down through said conduit.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein the conduit is sealed to fluids at its lower end.
8. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (d) said fluid slurry is injected down the well and up the conduit.
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the conduit is sealed to fluids at its upper end.
10. A method according to claim 3 wherein in step (d) said fluid slurry is injected down the well and up the conduit.
11. A method according to claim 8, wherein the conduit is sealed to fluids at its upper end.
12. A method according to claim 1, wherein in step (d) the fluid portion of said slurry is forced out of said annulus through said perforation tunnels into said reservoir.
13. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein in step (d) the gravel portion of said slurry is deposited in said annulus and forced into the perforation tunnels into the formation.
14. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of conduits are attached to the sand screen.
15. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said openings in the conduit are perforations.
16. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said openings in the conduits are lateral extensions from the conduit.
17. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said conduit is positioned coaxially adjacent said sand screen.
18. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cross-sectional area of said conduit is selected to be less than the cross-sectional area of said annulus.
19. A method according to claim 1, wherein said slurry is additionally injected through the annulus as well as the conduit.
20. A method according to claim 19, wherein the cross-sectional area of said conduit and said annulus is sized so that if gravel forms a bridge in a portion of said annulus thereby blocking the flow of fluid slurry through said annulus, fluid slurry containing gravel will continue to flow through the conduit and into the annulus around the gravel bridge.
21. A method according to claim 20, wherein in step (c) said conduit has openings throughout a substantial portion of said conduit.
22. A method according to claim 20, wherein in step (d) said fluid slurry is injected down through said annulus and/or conduit.
23. A method according to claim 22, wherein the conduit is sealed to fluids at its lower end.
24. A method according to claim 21, wherein in step (d) said fluid slurry is injected down through said annulus and/or conduit.
25. A method according to claim 24, wherein the conduit is sealed to fluids at its lower end.
26 A method according to claim 20, wherein in step (d) said fluid slurry is injected down the well and up the annulus and/or conduit.
27. A method according to claim 26, wherein the conduit is sealed to fluids at its upper end.
28. A method according to claim 27, wherein in step (c) said fluid communication is established between the conduit and a substantial portion of said annulus.
29. A method according to claim 21 wherein in step (d) said fluid slurry is injected down the well and up the annulus and/or conduit.
30. A method according to claim 29, wherein the conduit is sealed to fluids at its upper end.
31. A method according to claim 30, wherein in step (c) said fluid communication is established between the conduit and a substantial portion of said annulus.
32. A method according to claim 20, wherein in step (d) the fluid portion of said slurry is forced out of said annulus through said perforation tunnels into said reservoir.
33. A method according to claim 20 or 32, wherein in step (d) the gravel portion of said slurry is deposited in said annulus and forced into the perforation tunnels into the formation.
34. A method according to claim 20, wherein a plurality of conduits are attached to the sand screen.
35. A method according to claim 20, wherein said openings in the conduit are perforations.
36. A method according to claim 20, wherein said openings in the conduits are lateral extending from the conduit.
37. A method according to claim 20, wherein said conduit is positioned coaxially adjacent said sand screen.
38. A method according to claim 20, wherein the cross-sectional area of said conduit is selected to be less than the cross-sectional area of said annulus.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US397,217 | 1982-07-12 | ||
| US07/397,217 US4945991A (en) | 1989-08-23 | 1989-08-23 | Method for gravel packing wells |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2023281A1 CA2023281A1 (en) | 1991-02-24 |
| CA2023281C true CA2023281C (en) | 1997-10-21 |
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ID=23570302
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002023281A Expired - Lifetime CA2023281C (en) | 1989-08-23 | 1990-08-15 | Method for gravel packing wells |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4945991A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0414431B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE106499T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU636642B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2023281C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69009352T2 (en) |
| EG (1) | EG19021A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO300283B1 (en) |
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-
1989
- 1989-08-23 US US07/397,217 patent/US4945991A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1990
- 1990-08-13 DE DE69009352T patent/DE69009352T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-13 AT AT90308903T patent/ATE106499T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-08-13 EP EP90308903A patent/EP0414431B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-14 AU AU60968/90A patent/AU636642B2/en not_active Expired
- 1990-08-15 CA CA002023281A patent/CA2023281C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-22 EG EG49490A patent/EG19021A/en active
- 1990-08-22 NO NO903696A patent/NO300283B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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| DE69009352T2 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
| EG19021A (en) | 1994-07-30 |
| NO300283B1 (en) | 1997-05-05 |
| US4945991A (en) | 1990-08-07 |
| EP0414431B1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
| CA2023281A1 (en) | 1991-02-24 |
| DE69009352D1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
| ATE106499T1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
| NO903696D0 (en) | 1990-08-22 |
| EP0414431A3 (en) | 1991-07-31 |
| AU636642B2 (en) | 1993-05-06 |
| AU6096890A (en) | 1991-02-28 |
| NO903696L (en) | 1991-02-25 |
| EP0414431A2 (en) | 1991-02-27 |
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