CA2030956C - A collapsible filter for introduction in a blood vessel of a patient - Google Patents
A collapsible filter for introduction in a blood vessel of a patient Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2030956C CA2030956C CA002030956A CA2030956A CA2030956C CA 2030956 C CA2030956 C CA 2030956C CA 002030956 A CA002030956 A CA 002030956A CA 2030956 A CA2030956 A CA 2030956A CA 2030956 C CA2030956 C CA 2030956C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- side elements
- legs
- leg
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
- A61F2/0105—Open ended, i.e. legs gathered only at one side
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
- A61F2002/016—Filters implantable into blood vessels made from wire-like elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0002—Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
- A61F2230/0028—Shapes in the form of latin or greek characters
- A61F2230/005—Rosette-shaped, e.g. star-shaped
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes
- A61F2230/0073—Quadric-shaped
- A61F2230/008—Quadric-shaped paraboloidal
Abstract
In a collapsible filter for introduction into a blood vessel of a patient and of the kind comprising a number of legs (1-4) diverging from an apical hub (5) and each having a reversely turned hook (1b-4b) at its distal end with respect to said hub (5), each leg com-prises a central element (1a-4a), bent into a smooth quasi-halfsinusoidal form, and two substantially symme-trical curved side elements (1c-4c, 1d-4d) extending on either side of the central element (1a-4a). The filter may as a whole may be unfolded from a collapsed inser-tion condition in which the central and side elements of all legs (1-4) forms a narrow bundle for arrangement in a catheter like insertion instrument into a tulip like filter configuration with the side elements (1c-4c, 1d-4d) interposed between the central elements (1a-4a) of the legs.
Description
A collapsible filter for introduction in a blood vessel of a patient.
The present invention relates~to a collapsible filter for introduction into a blood vessel of a pati-ent and of the kind comprising a number of legs diver-ging from an apical hub and each having a reversely turned hook at its distal end with respect to said hub.
The invention is particularly, but not exclusi vely concerned with so-called vena cave filters inten ded for introduction into the vena cave, particularly tile inferior vena cave, to entrap thrombi or emboli in the blood flow through the vein and prevent them from reaching the patients lungs and causing pulmonary embo-lization.
Such filters are known in a variety of different types as diclosed e.g. in US patents Nos 3 540 431, 3 952 747 and 4 619 246.
US patents No 3 540 431 discloses the so-called Mobbin-Uddin or MU-Filter which comprises a skeletal body of spoke shaped members inclined in a generally axial direction and a canopi of filtering media cove-ring the struts and spanning the space between them.
Since the canopy portion has the effect of clo-sing a major part of the ve.na cave this filter type is no longer much in use.
Another filter type is the so-called Kimray Greenfield filter disclosed in US patent No. 3 952 747, which contain a rather comprehensive analysis of the background and the state of the art. This filter device offers the advantage of a very moderate reduction of the cross-sectional area of the vein combined with a high filter efficiency, but suffers from the disadvan-tage of requiring a rather high caliper of the inser-tion instrument. i ~d~~~ ~~j The latter disadvantage is avoided in the so-called Giinther filter disclosed in US patent No. 4 619 2~6, which comprises a collapsible basket assuming in its expanded state the shape of an apertured elongated solid of revolution with a number of anchoring legs ex-tending from one end of the filter basket.
A disadvantage of the Giinther filter is its con-siderable axial length, which may cause difficulties in the insertion operation.
~It is the obj ect of the invention to provide a filter of the kind mentioned, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages have been eliminated or at le-ast substantially reduced to provide a high efficiency filter of a simple construction and having a relatively short axial length with a moderate reduction of the blood flow area of the vein, whereas in its collapsed state the filter is concentrated into a slender and va-ry narrow bundle of filter elements allowing for a cor-respond:Lngly slender and narrow insertion catheter.
To accomplish these objects a collapsible filter according to the invention is characterized in that each leg comprises a central element, bent into a smo-oth quasi-halfsinusoidal form, and two substantially symmetrical curved side elements extending on either side of the central element whereby the filter as a whole may be unfolded from a collapsed insertion condi-tion in which the central elements and side elements of all legs forms a narrow bundle for arrangement in a catheter like insertion instrument into a tulip like filter configuration with the side elements interposed between the central elements of the legs to assume the shape of an apertured solid of evolution with one poin-ted end at said hub.
As a result of this configuration the cross sectional dimension of the filter in its collapsed sta te will correspond substantially to the sum of the j ~~
The present invention relates~to a collapsible filter for introduction into a blood vessel of a pati-ent and of the kind comprising a number of legs diver-ging from an apical hub and each having a reversely turned hook at its distal end with respect to said hub.
The invention is particularly, but not exclusi vely concerned with so-called vena cave filters inten ded for introduction into the vena cave, particularly tile inferior vena cave, to entrap thrombi or emboli in the blood flow through the vein and prevent them from reaching the patients lungs and causing pulmonary embo-lization.
Such filters are known in a variety of different types as diclosed e.g. in US patents Nos 3 540 431, 3 952 747 and 4 619 246.
US patents No 3 540 431 discloses the so-called Mobbin-Uddin or MU-Filter which comprises a skeletal body of spoke shaped members inclined in a generally axial direction and a canopi of filtering media cove-ring the struts and spanning the space between them.
Since the canopy portion has the effect of clo-sing a major part of the ve.na cave this filter type is no longer much in use.
Another filter type is the so-called Kimray Greenfield filter disclosed in US patent No. 3 952 747, which contain a rather comprehensive analysis of the background and the state of the art. This filter device offers the advantage of a very moderate reduction of the cross-sectional area of the vein combined with a high filter efficiency, but suffers from the disadvan-tage of requiring a rather high caliper of the inser-tion instrument. i ~d~~~ ~~j The latter disadvantage is avoided in the so-called Giinther filter disclosed in US patent No. 4 619 2~6, which comprises a collapsible basket assuming in its expanded state the shape of an apertured elongated solid of revolution with a number of anchoring legs ex-tending from one end of the filter basket.
A disadvantage of the Giinther filter is its con-siderable axial length, which may cause difficulties in the insertion operation.
~It is the obj ect of the invention to provide a filter of the kind mentioned, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages have been eliminated or at le-ast substantially reduced to provide a high efficiency filter of a simple construction and having a relatively short axial length with a moderate reduction of the blood flow area of the vein, whereas in its collapsed state the filter is concentrated into a slender and va-ry narrow bundle of filter elements allowing for a cor-respond:Lngly slender and narrow insertion catheter.
To accomplish these objects a collapsible filter according to the invention is characterized in that each leg comprises a central element, bent into a smo-oth quasi-halfsinusoidal form, and two substantially symmetrical curved side elements extending on either side of the central element whereby the filter as a whole may be unfolded from a collapsed insertion condi-tion in which the central elements and side elements of all legs forms a narrow bundle for arrangement in a catheter like insertion instrument into a tulip like filter configuration with the side elements interposed between the central elements of the legs to assume the shape of an apertured solid of evolution with one poin-ted end at said hub.
As a result of this configuration the cross sectional dimension of the filter in its collapsed sta te will correspond substantially to the sum of the j ~~
thicknesses of the central and side elements of all the legs.
Tn the unfolded tulip-like configuration the filter has entrapping and blood flow properties, which are at least equal to what can be obtained by the most efficient prior art filters.
Moreover as a result of the tulip-like shape the distal ends of the filter legs will engage the wall of the vein along a certain length. Thereby the risk of perforation of the wall which has occured with some prior art filters is minimized and the filter is held centralized in the vein during implantation as well as afterwards in case of movements.
Since the wall of the vein is acturally contac ted by the distal end of the ~~blades~~ formed by the central and side elements of the legs an optimum possi bility for filter ingrowth in the veinwall is obtained and thereby an optimum long term security against mig ration of the filter.
In the following the invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings in which, Figs. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of a filter ac-cording to the invention in its unfolded state, Figs. 3 and 4 show a single leg of the filter in its unfolded state and an intermediate state between the unfolded and collapsed configurations, respecti-vely, and Fig. 5 shows the filter in its collapsed state.
In the embodiment shown the filter comprises fo-ur legs 1, 2, 3 and 4 diverging from an apical hub 5 at which the legs 1 to 4 are held together by an end ferrule 6 of the kind e.g. disclosed in US patent No.
Tn the unfolded tulip-like configuration the filter has entrapping and blood flow properties, which are at least equal to what can be obtained by the most efficient prior art filters.
Moreover as a result of the tulip-like shape the distal ends of the filter legs will engage the wall of the vein along a certain length. Thereby the risk of perforation of the wall which has occured with some prior art filters is minimized and the filter is held centralized in the vein during implantation as well as afterwards in case of movements.
Since the wall of the vein is acturally contac ted by the distal end of the ~~blades~~ formed by the central and side elements of the legs an optimum possi bility for filter ingrowth in the veinwall is obtained and thereby an optimum long term security against mig ration of the filter.
In the following the invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings in which, Figs. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of a filter ac-cording to the invention in its unfolded state, Figs. 3 and 4 show a single leg of the filter in its unfolded state and an intermediate state between the unfolded and collapsed configurations, respecti-vely, and Fig. 5 shows the filter in its collapsed state.
In the embodiment shown the filter comprises fo-ur legs 1, 2, 3 and 4 diverging from an apical hub 5 at which the legs 1 to 4 are held together by an end ferrule 6 of the kind e.g. disclosed in US patent No.
4 619 246.
Each leg comprises a central element la to 4a bent into a smooth quasi-halfsinusoidal form and having ~~~~~~'~s~
a reversely turned anchoring hook lb to 4b at its distal end with respect to hub 5 as well as two symme-trical curved side elements lc to 4c and ld to 4d ex-tending on either side of the central element.
In the embodiment shown the two side elements of each leg 1 to 4 are formed from one piece of wire the ends of which are held together in hub 5, whereas at the middle of its length the wire piece forms an eyelet 7 to 10 surrounding the central leg element to be freely slidable along a part of the length thereof.
From the unfolded tulip-like configuration illu-strated in fig. 1 to 3 the filter may be collapsed into a slender and very narrow bundle of filter elements as shown in Fig. 5, the cross-sectional dimension of which is approximately equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the central and side elements of all four legs.
As best seen in fig. 2 the side elements of each leg have a length and curvature such that in the unfol-ded tulip-like configuration of the filter the maximum distance between the side elements is of the same order as the distance between neighbouring side elements of two adjacent legs. Moreover, the length and curvature is preferably chosen such that after insertion into the vane cave inferior the eyelets '7-10 will be positio-ned substantially at the inner side of the wall of the blood vessel.
As best seen in fig. 1 the filter according to the invention has in its unfolded state a relatively short axial length of the same order as the diameter of the filter whereby proper arrangements of the filter into the inferior vane cave is facilitated.
Whereas the invention has been described and il-lustrated with reference to a specific embodiment ha-ving four legs it will be understood that various modi-fication, e.g, with respect to the number of legs can be made without departing from the scope of the follo-wing claims.
Each leg comprises a central element la to 4a bent into a smooth quasi-halfsinusoidal form and having ~~~~~~'~s~
a reversely turned anchoring hook lb to 4b at its distal end with respect to hub 5 as well as two symme-trical curved side elements lc to 4c and ld to 4d ex-tending on either side of the central element.
In the embodiment shown the two side elements of each leg 1 to 4 are formed from one piece of wire the ends of which are held together in hub 5, whereas at the middle of its length the wire piece forms an eyelet 7 to 10 surrounding the central leg element to be freely slidable along a part of the length thereof.
From the unfolded tulip-like configuration illu-strated in fig. 1 to 3 the filter may be collapsed into a slender and very narrow bundle of filter elements as shown in Fig. 5, the cross-sectional dimension of which is approximately equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the central and side elements of all four legs.
As best seen in fig. 2 the side elements of each leg have a length and curvature such that in the unfol-ded tulip-like configuration of the filter the maximum distance between the side elements is of the same order as the distance between neighbouring side elements of two adjacent legs. Moreover, the length and curvature is preferably chosen such that after insertion into the vane cave inferior the eyelets '7-10 will be positio-ned substantially at the inner side of the wall of the blood vessel.
As best seen in fig. 1 the filter according to the invention has in its unfolded state a relatively short axial length of the same order as the diameter of the filter whereby proper arrangements of the filter into the inferior vane cave is facilitated.
Whereas the invention has been described and il-lustrated with reference to a specific embodiment ha-ving four legs it will be understood that various modi-fication, e.g, with respect to the number of legs can be made without departing from the scope of the follo-wing claims.
Claims (15)
1. A collapsible filter for introduction into a blood vessel of a patient and of the kind comprising a number of legs (1-4) diverging from an apical hub (5) and each having a reversely turned hook (1b-4b) at its distal end with respect to said hub (5), charac-terized in that each leg comprises a central element (1a-4a), bent into a smooth quasi-halfsinusoi-dal form, and two substantially symmetrical curved side elements (1c-4c, 1d-4d) extending on either side of the central element, whereby the filter as a whole may be unfolded from a collapsed insertion condition in which the central elements (1a-4a) and side elements (1c-4c, 1d-4d) of all legs forms a narrow bundle for arrange-ment in a catheter like insertion instrument into a tu-lip like filter configuration with the side elements (1c-4c, 1d-4d) interposed between the central elements (1a-4a) of the legs (1-4) to assume the shape of an apertured solid of evolution with one pointed end at said hub (5).
2. A collapsible filter as claimed in claim 1, c haracterized in that the curved side ele-ments (1c-4c, 1d-4d) of each leg are formed from one piece of wire the ends of which are joined together at the apical hub (5), whereas at the middle of its length said piece of wire forms an eyelet (7-10) surrounding the central element (1a-4a) to be freely slidable along a part of the length thereof.
3. A collapsible filter as claimed in claim 1 or 2 characterized in that in the collapsed state the side elements (1c-4c, 1d-4d) of each leg ex-tend in subtantially parallel juxtaposed relationship with the central element (1a-4a).
4. A collapsible filter as claimed in claim 2 characterized in that the side elements (1c-4c, 1d-4d) of each leg have a length and curvature such that in the unfolded state the eyelet (7-10) will be positioned substantially at the inner side of the wall of a vena cava in which the filter is inserted.
5. Collapsible filter as claimed in any of the preceding claims characterised in that in the unfolded tulip-like configuration of the filter the maximum distance between the two side elements (1c-4c, 1d-4d) of each leg midway between the apical hub (5) and the eyelet (7-10) is of the same order as the distance between neighbouring side elements belonging to two adjacent legs (1-4).
6. A collapsible filter for introduction into a blood vessel of a patient comprising a plurality of legs diverging from an apical hub and each of said plurality of legs having a reversely turned hook at their respective distal ends with respect to said hub, wherein each of said plurality of the legs comprise a central element, and two curved side elements extending on either side of the central element, wherein the curved side elements of each leg are formed from one piece of wire the ends of which are joined together at the apical hub, whereby the filter as a whole may be unfolded from a collapsed insertion condition in which the central elements and side elements of the legs form a narrow bundle for arrangement in a catheter like insertion instrument into a tulip like filter configuration with the side elements interposed between the central elements of the legs.
7. A collapsible filter as claimed in claim 6 in wherein the collapsed insertion condition the side elements of each leg extend in substantially parallel juxtaposed relationship with the central element.
8. A collapsible filter as claimed claim 6 wherein in the unfolded tulip-like configuration of the filter the maximum distance between the two side elements of each leg midway between the apical hub and the eyelet is of the same order as the distance between neighbouring side elements belonging to two adjacent legs.
9. A collapsible filter for introduction into a blood vessel of a patient comprising a plurality of legs diverging from an apical hub and each of said plurality of legs having a reversely turned hook at their respective distal ends with respect to said hub, wherein each of said plurality of the legs comprise a central element bent into a smooth quasi-halfsinusoidal form, and two curved side elements extending on either side of the central element, whereby the filter as a whole may be unfolded from a collapsed insertion condition in which the central elements and side elements of the legs form a narrow bundle for arrangement in a catheter like insertion instrument into a tulip like filter configuration with the side elements interposed between the central elements of the legs, wherein the curved side elements of each leg are formed from one piece of wire the ends of which are joined together at the apical hub, whereas at the middle of its length said piece of wire forms an eyelet surrounding the central element to be freely slidable along a part of the length thereof.
10. A collapsible filter as claimed in claim 9 wherein in the collapsed insertion condition the side elements of each leg extend in substantially parallel juxtaposed relationship with the central element.
11. A collapsible filter as claimed in claim 10 wherein in the unfolded tulip-like configuration of the filter the maximum distance between the two side elements of each leg midway between the apical hub and the eyelet is of the same order as the distance between neighbouring side elements belonging to two adjacent legs.
12. A collapsible filter as claimed in claim 10 wherein the side elements of each leg have a length and curvature such that in the unfolded configuration the eyelet will be positioned substantially at an inner side of the wall of a vena cava in which the filter is inserted.
13. A collapsible filter as claimed in claim 9 wherein the side elements of each leg have a length and curvature such that in the unfolded configuration the eyelet will be positioned substantially at an inner side of the wall of a vena cava in which the filter is inserted.
14. A collapsible filter as claimed claim 13 wherein in the unfolded tulip-like configuration of the filter the maximum distance between the two side elements of each leg midway between the apical hub and the eyelet is of.the same order as the distance between neighbouring side elements belonging to two adjacent legs.
15. A collapsible filter as claimed claim 9 wherein in the unfolded tulip-like configuration of the filter the maximum distance between the two side elements of each leg midway between the apical hub and the eyelet is of the same order as the distance between neighbouring side elements belonging to two adjacent legs.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8926857A GB2238485B (en) | 1989-11-28 | 1989-11-28 | A collapsible filter for introduction in a blood vessel of a patient |
GB8926857.7 | 1989-11-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2030956A1 CA2030956A1 (en) | 1991-05-29 |
CA2030956C true CA2030956C (en) | 2002-02-19 |
Family
ID=10667034
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002030956A Expired - Lifetime CA2030956C (en) | 1989-11-28 | 1990-11-27 | A collapsible filter for introduction in a blood vessel of a patient |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5133733A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0430848B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3016851B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE98856T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU634312B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2030956C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69005424T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0430848T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2238485B (en) |
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-
1989
- 1989-11-28 GB GB8926857A patent/GB2238485B/en not_active Revoked
-
1990
- 1990-10-31 US US07/606,588 patent/US5133733A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-08 DK DK90610068.0T patent/DK0430848T3/en active
- 1990-11-08 DE DE69005424T patent/DE69005424T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-11-08 EP EP90610068A patent/EP0430848B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-08 AT AT90610068T patent/ATE98856T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-14 AU AU66589/90A patent/AU634312B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-11-27 CA CA002030956A patent/CA2030956C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-27 JP JP2325096A patent/JP3016851B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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GB2238485B (en) | 1993-07-14 |
DE69005424D1 (en) | 1994-02-03 |
JP3016851B2 (en) | 2000-03-06 |
EP0430848A1 (en) | 1991-06-05 |
DK0430848T3 (en) | 1994-02-21 |
JPH03210273A (en) | 1991-09-13 |
AU6658990A (en) | 1991-06-06 |
CA2030956A1 (en) | 1991-05-29 |
EP0430848B1 (en) | 1993-12-22 |
ATE98856T1 (en) | 1994-01-15 |
AU634312B2 (en) | 1993-02-18 |
US5133733A (en) | 1992-07-28 |
DE69005424T2 (en) | 1994-06-16 |
GB2238485A (en) | 1991-06-05 |
GB8926857D0 (en) | 1990-01-17 |
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