CA2032706C - Vitrified bonded grinding wheel with mixtures of sol gel aluminous abrasives and silicon carbide - Google Patents
Vitrified bonded grinding wheel with mixtures of sol gel aluminous abrasives and silicon carbideInfo
- Publication number
- CA2032706C CA2032706C CA002032706A CA2032706A CA2032706C CA 2032706 C CA2032706 C CA 2032706C CA 002032706 A CA002032706 A CA 002032706A CA 2032706 A CA2032706 A CA 2032706A CA 2032706 C CA2032706 C CA 2032706C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- abrasive
- sic
- vitrified bonded
- grains
- sol gel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
- C03C14/004—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix the non-glass component being in the form of particles or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/1115—Minute sintered entities, e.g. sintered abrasive grains or shaped particles such as platelets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2214/00—Nature of the non-vitreous component
- C03C2214/04—Particles; Flakes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Vitrified bonded grinding wheels which contain a mixture of sintered sol gel aluminous abrasive and silicon carbide abrasive are substantially and surprisingly better than those with either abrasive component alone, in their ability to abrade certain metals.
Description
203~706 _ Docket BV-2486 VITRIFIED BONDED GRINDING WHEBL
WIT~ MI~T~RES ~F SOL GEL AL~MINO~S
ABRASIVES AND SILICON CARBI~E
Ken Lee 220 Reservoir Street Holden, Massachusetts 01520 Charles V. Rue The Common Petersham, Massachusetts 01366 TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to vitrified bonded grinding wheels and more specifically to vitrified bonded grinding wheels containing a mixture of a sintered aluminous abrasive and a non-sintered abrasive.
BACRGROUND OF T~E INVENTION
The abrasive grain portion of the majority of vitreous-bonded grinding wheels in commercial use is composed of either fused aluminum oxide or silicon carbide.
Those skilled in the art of grinding select silicon carbide as the preferred abrasive when the object to be ground is titanium, a super alloy, a low-tensile ferrous alloy, or a nonmetallic such as stone, ceramic, or glass. Similarly, those skilled in grinding select fused aluminum oxide for grinding steels, hardened or soft.
The use of mixtures of silicon carbide abrasive grains with fused aluminum oxide abrasive grains in the manufacture of grinding wheels and other abrasive bodies is known in the art and produces a product with properties intermediate to either abrasive type used singly. Such 2e~
2032~0-6 mixed abrasive type wheels are used where a single wheel must grind a wide variety of materials and need not be optimum for any single material. The grinding perfor~.ance is usually intermediate between that of either abrasive type used alone.
SU~Y OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention provides a vitreous-bonded mixed abrasive grinding article in which the abrasive grit portion is composed of silicon carbide grains plus sintered sol-gel alumina grains. The invention grinding articles provide substantial and unexpected benefits in the grinding of certain hard-to-grind metals over and above the results obtained using either type of abrasive grain alone.
The present invention provides a soi gel alumina based vitreous bonded grinding wheel that is well adapted for use in a wide range of applications including those for which alumina based wheels have usually been considered unsuitable.
The present invention further provides an abrasive article comprising a sintered sol gel aluminous abrasive and a vitreous bond which demonstrates excellent grinding performance that is quite unexpected in the circumstances.
The present invention resides in the discovery that when certain superior sintered sol gel aluminous abrasives are blended with silicon carbide in certain proportions in a vitrified bond, a product results which is not inferior to a grinding wheel wherein the abrasive is all sintered sol gel aluminous abrasive and in fact in some cases, produces a product the grinding properties of which are actually superior to the product which contains 100% of the sintered sol gel aluminous abrasive. Novel and useful grinding wheels result from replacing from 10 to 90 and preferably 30 to 70 by volume of the sintered sol gel aluminous abrasive with silicon carbide.
DETAILED DESC~IPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention is concerned with vitrified bonded grinding wheels which contain certain sintered sol gel aluminous abrasives blended with silicon carbide in certain proportions. There are several sintered aluminous abrasives currently in existence including sintered bauxite based abrasives and co-sintered alumina-zirconia. Sol gel aluminous abrasive grits are taught, for example, in U.S.
Patent 4,314,827. However the abrasives most conveniently used in the present invention are the newer sol gel types of alumina based abrasives taught by U.S. Patent 4,623,364.
The grain is made by preparing an aqueous gel of submicron sized hydrated alumina particles with an effective amount of submicron seed crystals, drying the gel, crushing the dried gel to a desired size, and firing the green grains at between about 1100C and 1500~C. Alternatively, the gel can be extruded in the form of filaments, dried, broken to the desired size and fired to form a microcrystalline abrasive grit with a substantially constant cross-section and an aspect ratio greater than 1. The resulting abrasive is such that each abrasive grain is made up of numerous submicron sized alpha alumina crystals and has a hardness of at least 16 and preferably at least 18 GPa. Such abrasives are commonly referred to as "seeded gel abrasives". The seed material can also be any other material such as ferric oxide or any other material that is substantially isostructural with alpha alumina under the reaction conditions following known principles of crystal propagation and growth.
The silicon carbide component of the abrasive blend can be, for example, the grit available as Crystolon~
from Norton Company. The grit can be either the green or the black silicon carbide varieties. Preferably the grit size of both abrasive components is from about 20 to about 240 such as from about 30 to about 160 and most conveniently from about 40 to about 120 mesh. The two abrasives may each be present in the wheel in quantities of about 10% to about 40% by volume, based on the total volume of the wheel. The wheels themselves are usually made up of from about 30% to about 56% by volume of combined abrasive, about 2.5% to about 50% by volume of vitrified bond, and about 5% to about 65% by volume of pores though proportions outside these ranges can be used if desired in special applications.
As pointed out in U.S. Patent 4,543,107 sintered sol gel aluminous abrasives, unlike the non-sintered type, can be susceptible to damage by inorganic glassy bonds at elevated temperatures. Therefore the bonds employed in the present invention should preferably be formulated so that they mature at 1220C or lower and even more preferably at 1100C or lower. In addition to the usual inorganic materials that go into vitrified or inorganic glassy bonds for grinding wheels, the bond may also incorporate therein beneficial fillers such as mullite, kyanite, bubble alumina, and the like.
While the discussion and data herein is directed to grinding wheels, it should be understood that abrasive articles such as sharpening stones, segments, and the like, are within the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE I
A series of grinding tests were performed to illustrate the advantageous properties of the abrasive grit blends of the invention. In each case the grits were bonded with a bond, which comprised 30% ball clay and 70%
of a glass frit with a silica content of from 40 to 65~
weight, which had no deleterious affect on the grain when fired to a working temperature of 1100C or lower. The mixture was formed into a 12.7 cm wheel with a thickness of 0.64 cm. Each wheel after firing contained 48% by volume of total abrasive grit.
The sintered sol-gel aluminous grits used in the following Examples were seeded sol-gel grits made by Norton company having a grit size of 60 and a hardness in excess of 18 GPa. The green or black silicon carbide used also had a grit size of 60. The amount of bond in each case represented 11.55% of the total volume of the wheel.
The wheels were tested in an oil cooled plunge grinding rig on four different metal billets: titanium 6Al-4V; stainless steel 440C; stainless steel 302 and Titanium metal. Wheel rotation was 4970 rpm and the table speed was 15.4 m/min.
The results on the four metals are set out in the following Tables:
TABLE I Titanium AlloY
MRR WWR Power Grits cc/min.cm c/min.cm G Ratio Watts/cm A. 100% SiC Green 1.74 0.65 2.66 2088 50% SiC/so~ SG 1.63 0.85 1.92 1753 100% SG 1.55 1.05 1.48 247g B. 100% SiC Black 1.74 0.68 2.58 2044 50% sic/so% SG 1.6Z 0.82 1.96 1871 100% SG 1.55 1.05 1.48 2479 C. 100% SiC Green 3.17 2.05 1.54 2637 50% SiC/50% SG 2.98 2.53 1.18 2209 100% SG 3.02 2.40 1.26 3034 D. 100% SiC Black 3.25 1.95 1.66 2684 50% SiC/50% SG 3.10 2.35 1.32 2276 100% SG 3.02 2.40 1.26 3034 A and C used green SiC and B and D used black SiC.
A and B used a unit feed advance of 0.013 mm and a total depth of cut of 1.31 mm.
C and D used a unit feed advance of 0.026 mm and a total depth of cut of 1.3 mm.
s TABLE II 440C Stainless Steel MRR WWR Power Grits cc/min.cm c/min.cm G Ratio Watts/cm A. 100% SiC Green 1.95 0.08522.86 4814 50% SiC/50% SG 1.95 0.0082S4.09 1319 100% SG 1.97 0.010191.42 1689 B. 100% SiC Black 1.94 0.08522.8 4732 50% SiC/50% SG 1.97 0.010192.63 1228 100% SG 1.97 0.010191.42 1689 C. 100% SiC Green 3.83 0.26214.63 6602 50~ SiC/50% SG 3.93 0.030128.74 1730 100% SG 3.93 0.025154.37 2590 D. 100% SiC Black 3.83 0.33211.53 6479 50% SiC/50% SG 3.91 0.025154.86 1809 100% SG 3.93 0.025154.37 2590-A and C used green SiC and B and D used black SiC.
A and B used a unit feed advance of 0.013 mm and a total depth of cut of 1.3 mm.
C and D used a unit feed advance of 0.026 mm and a total depth of cut of 2.54 mm.
TABLE III 302 Stainless Steel MRR WWR Power Grits cc/min.cm c/min.cm G ~atio Watts/cm A. 100% SiC Green 3.89 0.25515.28 9366 50% SiC/50% SG 3.90 0.05570.84 2737 100% SG 3.89 0.05569.78 2652 B. 100% SiC Black 3.93 0.32312.18 9636 50% SiC/50% SG 3.93 0.04098.68 2464 100% SG 3.89 0.05569.78 2652 C. 100% SiC Green 7.11 1.7833.98 11084 50% SiC/50% SG 7.86 0.49515.87 5096 100% SG 7.74 0.21136.69 8200 D. 100% SiC Black 7.20 1.8273.94 11915 50% SiC/50% SG 7.70 0.51115.08 5222 100% SG 7.74 0.21136.69 8200 A and C used green SiC and B and D used black SiC.
A and B used a unit feed advance of 0.025 mm and a total depth of cut of 2.54 mm.
C and D used a unit feed advance of 0.051 and a total depth of cut of 2.54 mm.
TABLE IV
TITANIUM - OIL
GRITS MRR WWR G-RATIO POWER
cc/min. cc/min. watts/cm cm cm 100% SiC 1.79 0.539 3.32 2122 green 50% SiC/ 1.75 0.679 2.58 1739 50% SG
30% SiC 1.75 0.777 2.25 1890 green 100% SG 1.74 0.699 2.49 1985 100% SiC 4.27 5.755 0.74 2836 green 50% SiC/ 4.32 5.339 0.81 2130 50% SG
30% SiC/ 4.44 4.818 0.92 2596 70% SG
100% SG 4.56 4.465 1.02 2765 The above data demonstrate clearly that although, as might be anticipated, the G-ratio of the mixture is generally intermediate between the extremes represented by the component grits used alone, or else very close to that of the premium SG grit figure, the corresponding power drawdown to achieve that G ratio is significantly lower than with either component grit alone.
This is an unexpected result that could not have been predicted on the basis of the known behavior of the component grits. In an efficient grinding operation it is important to have a wheel with a long life that remains sharp that uses the lowest possible power drawdown to achieve the desired cut. The data clearly shows that the grit combinations of the present invention meet this requirement, especially in the context of grinding stainless steel.
The beneficial results detailed above are most surprising in view of the fact that they are secured by the incorporation of a grit that would normally be expected to have a deleterious effect on the metals ground. Indeed the data for SiC grit wheels indicates that their performance on stainless steels is poor and the performance of aluminous wheels on titanium alloys is likewise relatively inferior. Yet the performance of the blend is superior on all of these.
EXAMPLE II
The procedures of Example I were repeated except that the wheels were tested using a coolant that was a water soluble oil. The results are reported in Tables V to VII
below. As can be seen, the pattern of results largely duplicates that found in Example I.
TABLE V Titanium Alloy MRR WWR Power Grits cc/min.cm c/min.cm G Ratio Watts/cm A. 100% SiC Green 1.61 0.843 1.91 1850 50% SiC/50% SG 1.59 0.944 1.68 1492 100% SG 1.68 0.798 2.11 1939 B. 100% SiC 81ack 1.70 0.857 1.98 1676 50% SiC/50% SG 1.61 0.921 1.74 1522 100% SG 1.68 0.798 2.11 1689 C. 100% SiC Green 3.19 2.182 1.46 2276 50% SiC/50% SG 2.94 2.624 1.12 1618 100% S& 3.17 1.920 1.65 2645 D. 100% SiC Black 3.11 2.355 1.32 2072 50% SiC/50% SG 3.02 2.477 1.22 1857 100% SG 3.17 1.920 1.65 2645 A and C used green SiC and B and D used black SiC.
A and B used a unit feed advance of 0.013 mm and a total depth of cut of 1.3 mm.
C and D used a unit feed advance of 0.026 mm and a total depth of cut of 1.3 mm.
WIT~ MI~T~RES ~F SOL GEL AL~MINO~S
ABRASIVES AND SILICON CARBI~E
Ken Lee 220 Reservoir Street Holden, Massachusetts 01520 Charles V. Rue The Common Petersham, Massachusetts 01366 TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to vitrified bonded grinding wheels and more specifically to vitrified bonded grinding wheels containing a mixture of a sintered aluminous abrasive and a non-sintered abrasive.
BACRGROUND OF T~E INVENTION
The abrasive grain portion of the majority of vitreous-bonded grinding wheels in commercial use is composed of either fused aluminum oxide or silicon carbide.
Those skilled in the art of grinding select silicon carbide as the preferred abrasive when the object to be ground is titanium, a super alloy, a low-tensile ferrous alloy, or a nonmetallic such as stone, ceramic, or glass. Similarly, those skilled in grinding select fused aluminum oxide for grinding steels, hardened or soft.
The use of mixtures of silicon carbide abrasive grains with fused aluminum oxide abrasive grains in the manufacture of grinding wheels and other abrasive bodies is known in the art and produces a product with properties intermediate to either abrasive type used singly. Such 2e~
2032~0-6 mixed abrasive type wheels are used where a single wheel must grind a wide variety of materials and need not be optimum for any single material. The grinding perfor~.ance is usually intermediate between that of either abrasive type used alone.
SU~Y OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention provides a vitreous-bonded mixed abrasive grinding article in which the abrasive grit portion is composed of silicon carbide grains plus sintered sol-gel alumina grains. The invention grinding articles provide substantial and unexpected benefits in the grinding of certain hard-to-grind metals over and above the results obtained using either type of abrasive grain alone.
The present invention provides a soi gel alumina based vitreous bonded grinding wheel that is well adapted for use in a wide range of applications including those for which alumina based wheels have usually been considered unsuitable.
The present invention further provides an abrasive article comprising a sintered sol gel aluminous abrasive and a vitreous bond which demonstrates excellent grinding performance that is quite unexpected in the circumstances.
The present invention resides in the discovery that when certain superior sintered sol gel aluminous abrasives are blended with silicon carbide in certain proportions in a vitrified bond, a product results which is not inferior to a grinding wheel wherein the abrasive is all sintered sol gel aluminous abrasive and in fact in some cases, produces a product the grinding properties of which are actually superior to the product which contains 100% of the sintered sol gel aluminous abrasive. Novel and useful grinding wheels result from replacing from 10 to 90 and preferably 30 to 70 by volume of the sintered sol gel aluminous abrasive with silicon carbide.
DETAILED DESC~IPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention is concerned with vitrified bonded grinding wheels which contain certain sintered sol gel aluminous abrasives blended with silicon carbide in certain proportions. There are several sintered aluminous abrasives currently in existence including sintered bauxite based abrasives and co-sintered alumina-zirconia. Sol gel aluminous abrasive grits are taught, for example, in U.S.
Patent 4,314,827. However the abrasives most conveniently used in the present invention are the newer sol gel types of alumina based abrasives taught by U.S. Patent 4,623,364.
The grain is made by preparing an aqueous gel of submicron sized hydrated alumina particles with an effective amount of submicron seed crystals, drying the gel, crushing the dried gel to a desired size, and firing the green grains at between about 1100C and 1500~C. Alternatively, the gel can be extruded in the form of filaments, dried, broken to the desired size and fired to form a microcrystalline abrasive grit with a substantially constant cross-section and an aspect ratio greater than 1. The resulting abrasive is such that each abrasive grain is made up of numerous submicron sized alpha alumina crystals and has a hardness of at least 16 and preferably at least 18 GPa. Such abrasives are commonly referred to as "seeded gel abrasives". The seed material can also be any other material such as ferric oxide or any other material that is substantially isostructural with alpha alumina under the reaction conditions following known principles of crystal propagation and growth.
The silicon carbide component of the abrasive blend can be, for example, the grit available as Crystolon~
from Norton Company. The grit can be either the green or the black silicon carbide varieties. Preferably the grit size of both abrasive components is from about 20 to about 240 such as from about 30 to about 160 and most conveniently from about 40 to about 120 mesh. The two abrasives may each be present in the wheel in quantities of about 10% to about 40% by volume, based on the total volume of the wheel. The wheels themselves are usually made up of from about 30% to about 56% by volume of combined abrasive, about 2.5% to about 50% by volume of vitrified bond, and about 5% to about 65% by volume of pores though proportions outside these ranges can be used if desired in special applications.
As pointed out in U.S. Patent 4,543,107 sintered sol gel aluminous abrasives, unlike the non-sintered type, can be susceptible to damage by inorganic glassy bonds at elevated temperatures. Therefore the bonds employed in the present invention should preferably be formulated so that they mature at 1220C or lower and even more preferably at 1100C or lower. In addition to the usual inorganic materials that go into vitrified or inorganic glassy bonds for grinding wheels, the bond may also incorporate therein beneficial fillers such as mullite, kyanite, bubble alumina, and the like.
While the discussion and data herein is directed to grinding wheels, it should be understood that abrasive articles such as sharpening stones, segments, and the like, are within the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE I
A series of grinding tests were performed to illustrate the advantageous properties of the abrasive grit blends of the invention. In each case the grits were bonded with a bond, which comprised 30% ball clay and 70%
of a glass frit with a silica content of from 40 to 65~
weight, which had no deleterious affect on the grain when fired to a working temperature of 1100C or lower. The mixture was formed into a 12.7 cm wheel with a thickness of 0.64 cm. Each wheel after firing contained 48% by volume of total abrasive grit.
The sintered sol-gel aluminous grits used in the following Examples were seeded sol-gel grits made by Norton company having a grit size of 60 and a hardness in excess of 18 GPa. The green or black silicon carbide used also had a grit size of 60. The amount of bond in each case represented 11.55% of the total volume of the wheel.
The wheels were tested in an oil cooled plunge grinding rig on four different metal billets: titanium 6Al-4V; stainless steel 440C; stainless steel 302 and Titanium metal. Wheel rotation was 4970 rpm and the table speed was 15.4 m/min.
The results on the four metals are set out in the following Tables:
TABLE I Titanium AlloY
MRR WWR Power Grits cc/min.cm c/min.cm G Ratio Watts/cm A. 100% SiC Green 1.74 0.65 2.66 2088 50% SiC/so~ SG 1.63 0.85 1.92 1753 100% SG 1.55 1.05 1.48 247g B. 100% SiC Black 1.74 0.68 2.58 2044 50% sic/so% SG 1.6Z 0.82 1.96 1871 100% SG 1.55 1.05 1.48 2479 C. 100% SiC Green 3.17 2.05 1.54 2637 50% SiC/50% SG 2.98 2.53 1.18 2209 100% SG 3.02 2.40 1.26 3034 D. 100% SiC Black 3.25 1.95 1.66 2684 50% SiC/50% SG 3.10 2.35 1.32 2276 100% SG 3.02 2.40 1.26 3034 A and C used green SiC and B and D used black SiC.
A and B used a unit feed advance of 0.013 mm and a total depth of cut of 1.31 mm.
C and D used a unit feed advance of 0.026 mm and a total depth of cut of 1.3 mm.
s TABLE II 440C Stainless Steel MRR WWR Power Grits cc/min.cm c/min.cm G Ratio Watts/cm A. 100% SiC Green 1.95 0.08522.86 4814 50% SiC/50% SG 1.95 0.0082S4.09 1319 100% SG 1.97 0.010191.42 1689 B. 100% SiC Black 1.94 0.08522.8 4732 50% SiC/50% SG 1.97 0.010192.63 1228 100% SG 1.97 0.010191.42 1689 C. 100% SiC Green 3.83 0.26214.63 6602 50~ SiC/50% SG 3.93 0.030128.74 1730 100% SG 3.93 0.025154.37 2590 D. 100% SiC Black 3.83 0.33211.53 6479 50% SiC/50% SG 3.91 0.025154.86 1809 100% SG 3.93 0.025154.37 2590-A and C used green SiC and B and D used black SiC.
A and B used a unit feed advance of 0.013 mm and a total depth of cut of 1.3 mm.
C and D used a unit feed advance of 0.026 mm and a total depth of cut of 2.54 mm.
TABLE III 302 Stainless Steel MRR WWR Power Grits cc/min.cm c/min.cm G ~atio Watts/cm A. 100% SiC Green 3.89 0.25515.28 9366 50% SiC/50% SG 3.90 0.05570.84 2737 100% SG 3.89 0.05569.78 2652 B. 100% SiC Black 3.93 0.32312.18 9636 50% SiC/50% SG 3.93 0.04098.68 2464 100% SG 3.89 0.05569.78 2652 C. 100% SiC Green 7.11 1.7833.98 11084 50% SiC/50% SG 7.86 0.49515.87 5096 100% SG 7.74 0.21136.69 8200 D. 100% SiC Black 7.20 1.8273.94 11915 50% SiC/50% SG 7.70 0.51115.08 5222 100% SG 7.74 0.21136.69 8200 A and C used green SiC and B and D used black SiC.
A and B used a unit feed advance of 0.025 mm and a total depth of cut of 2.54 mm.
C and D used a unit feed advance of 0.051 and a total depth of cut of 2.54 mm.
TABLE IV
TITANIUM - OIL
GRITS MRR WWR G-RATIO POWER
cc/min. cc/min. watts/cm cm cm 100% SiC 1.79 0.539 3.32 2122 green 50% SiC/ 1.75 0.679 2.58 1739 50% SG
30% SiC 1.75 0.777 2.25 1890 green 100% SG 1.74 0.699 2.49 1985 100% SiC 4.27 5.755 0.74 2836 green 50% SiC/ 4.32 5.339 0.81 2130 50% SG
30% SiC/ 4.44 4.818 0.92 2596 70% SG
100% SG 4.56 4.465 1.02 2765 The above data demonstrate clearly that although, as might be anticipated, the G-ratio of the mixture is generally intermediate between the extremes represented by the component grits used alone, or else very close to that of the premium SG grit figure, the corresponding power drawdown to achieve that G ratio is significantly lower than with either component grit alone.
This is an unexpected result that could not have been predicted on the basis of the known behavior of the component grits. In an efficient grinding operation it is important to have a wheel with a long life that remains sharp that uses the lowest possible power drawdown to achieve the desired cut. The data clearly shows that the grit combinations of the present invention meet this requirement, especially in the context of grinding stainless steel.
The beneficial results detailed above are most surprising in view of the fact that they are secured by the incorporation of a grit that would normally be expected to have a deleterious effect on the metals ground. Indeed the data for SiC grit wheels indicates that their performance on stainless steels is poor and the performance of aluminous wheels on titanium alloys is likewise relatively inferior. Yet the performance of the blend is superior on all of these.
EXAMPLE II
The procedures of Example I were repeated except that the wheels were tested using a coolant that was a water soluble oil. The results are reported in Tables V to VII
below. As can be seen, the pattern of results largely duplicates that found in Example I.
TABLE V Titanium Alloy MRR WWR Power Grits cc/min.cm c/min.cm G Ratio Watts/cm A. 100% SiC Green 1.61 0.843 1.91 1850 50% SiC/50% SG 1.59 0.944 1.68 1492 100% SG 1.68 0.798 2.11 1939 B. 100% SiC 81ack 1.70 0.857 1.98 1676 50% SiC/50% SG 1.61 0.921 1.74 1522 100% SG 1.68 0.798 2.11 1689 C. 100% SiC Green 3.19 2.182 1.46 2276 50% SiC/50% SG 2.94 2.624 1.12 1618 100% S& 3.17 1.920 1.65 2645 D. 100% SiC Black 3.11 2.355 1.32 2072 50% SiC/50% SG 3.02 2.477 1.22 1857 100% SG 3.17 1.920 1.65 2645 A and C used green SiC and B and D used black SiC.
A and B used a unit feed advance of 0.013 mm and a total depth of cut of 1.3 mm.
C and D used a unit feed advance of 0.026 mm and a total depth of cut of 1.3 mm.
2~32706 TABLE VI
440C Stainless Steel MRR WWR Power Grits cc/min.cm c/min.cm G Ratio Watts/cm A. 100% SiC Green 1. 86 0.205 9.01 S040 50% SiC/50% SG 1.93 0.031 61.42 1875 100% SG 1. 95 0.027 72.02 2161 B.1009~ SiC Black 1. 83 0.312 5.85 4012 50% SiC/50% SG 1. 94 0.029 67.34 1783 100% SG 1. 95 0.027 72.02 2161 C.100% SiC Green 3.51 0.932 3.76 4914 50% SiC/50% SG 3. 89 0.068 57.63 2245 100% SG 3.85 0.029130.75 3213 D.100% SiC Black 3.50 O .99S 3.51 4429 50% SiC/50% SG 3.84 0.078 49.16 2387 100% SG 3.85 0.029130.75 3213 A and C used green SiC and B and D used black SiC.
A and B used a unit feed advance of 0. 013 mm and a total depth of cut of 1. 3 mm.
20C and D used a unit feed advance of 0. 026 mm and a total depth of cut of 2.54 mm.
TABL~ VII
302 Stainless Steel MRR WWR Power Gritscc/min.cm c/min.cmG Ratio Watts/cm A. 100% SiC Green 3.21 1.649 1.95 4104 50% SiC/50% SG 3.26 1.510 2.16 1998 100% SG 3.42 1.123 3.05 2852 B.100% SiC Black 3.23 1.690 1.91 3942 50% SiC/50% SG 3.32 1.415 2.35 2087 100% SG 3.42 1.123 3.05 2853 C.100% SiC Green 5.62 5.284 1.06 4104 50% SiC/50% SG 5.22 6.184 0.84 1815 100% SG 5.96 4.253 1.40 3379 D.100% SiC Black 5.72 4.830 1.18 3824 50% SiC/50% SG 5.26 5.863 0.90 1857 100% SG 5.96 4.253 1.40 3379 2~2~
A and C used green SiC and B and D used black SiC.
A and B used a unit feed advance of O.025 mm and a total depth of cut of 2.54 mm.
C and D used a unit feed advance of 0.051 mm and a total depth of cut of 2.54 mm.
EXAMPLE III
In this Example, Titanium Alloy (6AC-4V) and Titanium metal were evaluated in the-manner described above in the previous Examples. The results are set forth in Tables VIII, IX and X.
TABLE VIII
TITAMIUM ALLOY
A. MRR WWR POWER
GRITS CC/MIN. CC/MIN. G-RATIO WATTSj CM CM CM
100% 1.64 .836 1.96 1721 sic Green 70% 1.63 .865 1.89 1689 SiC/30%
SG
50% 1.61 .894 1.77 1513 SiC/50%
SG
100% SG 1.67 .784 2.13 1963 B. 100% 3.10 2.237 1.39 2107 sic Green 70% 3.02 2.322 1.30 2123 SiC/30%
SG
50% 2.90 2.515 1.16 1827 SiC/50%
SG
100% SG 3.17 1.906 1.66 2529 A = Used a downfeed of 0.013 mm.
B = Used a downfeed of 0.0254 mm.
The data shown above are averages of two data points.
The cooling oil used was a water soluble oil called Trim VHPE 300 (at 5% concentration) from Master Chemical Company.
TABLE IX
TITANIUM ALLOY
A. MRR WWR POWER
GRITS CC/MIN. CC/MIN. G-RATIO WATTS/C
CM CM M
100% 1.86 .521 3.57 2291 sic Green 70% 1.80 .430 4.19 2100 SiC/30%
SG
50% 1.78 .488 3.65 2088 SiC/50%
SG
100% SG 1.71 .590 2.90 6115 B. 100% 3.41 1.283 2.65 2834 sic Green 70% 3.41 2.287 1.49 2165 SiC/30%
SG
50% 3.33 2.351 1.42 2411 SiC/50%
sic 100% SG 3.44 1.309 2.63 7160 A used a 0.013 mm downfeed.
B used a 0.0254 mm downfeed.
The cooling oil was W&B Oil 1572.
TABLE X
TITANIUM METAL
A. MRR WWR POWER
GRITS CC/MIN. CC/MIN. G-RATIO WATTS/
CM CM CM
100% 1.79 0.539 3.32 2122 sic Green 50% 1.75 0.679 2.58 1739 SiC/50%
SG
30% 1.75 0.777 2.25 1890 SiC/70%
SG
100% SG 1.74 0.699 2.49 1985 B. 100% 4.27 5.755 0.75 2836 sic Green 50% 4.32 5.339 0.81 2130 SiC/50%
SG
30% 4.44 4.818 0.92 2596 SiC/70%
SG
100% SG 4.56 4.465 1.02 2765 A used a 0.013 mm downfeed.
B used a 0.0254 mm downfeed.
The cooling oil was W~B 1572.
440C Stainless Steel MRR WWR Power Grits cc/min.cm c/min.cm G Ratio Watts/cm A. 100% SiC Green 1. 86 0.205 9.01 S040 50% SiC/50% SG 1.93 0.031 61.42 1875 100% SG 1. 95 0.027 72.02 2161 B.1009~ SiC Black 1. 83 0.312 5.85 4012 50% SiC/50% SG 1. 94 0.029 67.34 1783 100% SG 1. 95 0.027 72.02 2161 C.100% SiC Green 3.51 0.932 3.76 4914 50% SiC/50% SG 3. 89 0.068 57.63 2245 100% SG 3.85 0.029130.75 3213 D.100% SiC Black 3.50 O .99S 3.51 4429 50% SiC/50% SG 3.84 0.078 49.16 2387 100% SG 3.85 0.029130.75 3213 A and C used green SiC and B and D used black SiC.
A and B used a unit feed advance of 0. 013 mm and a total depth of cut of 1. 3 mm.
20C and D used a unit feed advance of 0. 026 mm and a total depth of cut of 2.54 mm.
TABL~ VII
302 Stainless Steel MRR WWR Power Gritscc/min.cm c/min.cmG Ratio Watts/cm A. 100% SiC Green 3.21 1.649 1.95 4104 50% SiC/50% SG 3.26 1.510 2.16 1998 100% SG 3.42 1.123 3.05 2852 B.100% SiC Black 3.23 1.690 1.91 3942 50% SiC/50% SG 3.32 1.415 2.35 2087 100% SG 3.42 1.123 3.05 2853 C.100% SiC Green 5.62 5.284 1.06 4104 50% SiC/50% SG 5.22 6.184 0.84 1815 100% SG 5.96 4.253 1.40 3379 D.100% SiC Black 5.72 4.830 1.18 3824 50% SiC/50% SG 5.26 5.863 0.90 1857 100% SG 5.96 4.253 1.40 3379 2~2~
A and C used green SiC and B and D used black SiC.
A and B used a unit feed advance of O.025 mm and a total depth of cut of 2.54 mm.
C and D used a unit feed advance of 0.051 mm and a total depth of cut of 2.54 mm.
EXAMPLE III
In this Example, Titanium Alloy (6AC-4V) and Titanium metal were evaluated in the-manner described above in the previous Examples. The results are set forth in Tables VIII, IX and X.
TABLE VIII
TITAMIUM ALLOY
A. MRR WWR POWER
GRITS CC/MIN. CC/MIN. G-RATIO WATTSj CM CM CM
100% 1.64 .836 1.96 1721 sic Green 70% 1.63 .865 1.89 1689 SiC/30%
SG
50% 1.61 .894 1.77 1513 SiC/50%
SG
100% SG 1.67 .784 2.13 1963 B. 100% 3.10 2.237 1.39 2107 sic Green 70% 3.02 2.322 1.30 2123 SiC/30%
SG
50% 2.90 2.515 1.16 1827 SiC/50%
SG
100% SG 3.17 1.906 1.66 2529 A = Used a downfeed of 0.013 mm.
B = Used a downfeed of 0.0254 mm.
The data shown above are averages of two data points.
The cooling oil used was a water soluble oil called Trim VHPE 300 (at 5% concentration) from Master Chemical Company.
TABLE IX
TITANIUM ALLOY
A. MRR WWR POWER
GRITS CC/MIN. CC/MIN. G-RATIO WATTS/C
CM CM M
100% 1.86 .521 3.57 2291 sic Green 70% 1.80 .430 4.19 2100 SiC/30%
SG
50% 1.78 .488 3.65 2088 SiC/50%
SG
100% SG 1.71 .590 2.90 6115 B. 100% 3.41 1.283 2.65 2834 sic Green 70% 3.41 2.287 1.49 2165 SiC/30%
SG
50% 3.33 2.351 1.42 2411 SiC/50%
sic 100% SG 3.44 1.309 2.63 7160 A used a 0.013 mm downfeed.
B used a 0.0254 mm downfeed.
The cooling oil was W&B Oil 1572.
TABLE X
TITANIUM METAL
A. MRR WWR POWER
GRITS CC/MIN. CC/MIN. G-RATIO WATTS/
CM CM CM
100% 1.79 0.539 3.32 2122 sic Green 50% 1.75 0.679 2.58 1739 SiC/50%
SG
30% 1.75 0.777 2.25 1890 SiC/70%
SG
100% SG 1.74 0.699 2.49 1985 B. 100% 4.27 5.755 0.75 2836 sic Green 50% 4.32 5.339 0.81 2130 SiC/50%
SG
30% 4.44 4.818 0.92 2596 SiC/70%
SG
100% SG 4.56 4.465 1.02 2765 A used a 0.013 mm downfeed.
B used a 0.0254 mm downfeed.
The cooling oil was W~B 1572.
Claims (10)
1. A vitrified bonded abrasive article comprised of abrasive grains and an inorganic glassy bond therefor wherein said abrasive grains consist essentially of a mixture of from about 10 to about 90% by volume of sintered sol gel aluminous abrasive grains and correspondingly from about 90 to about 10% by volume of silicon carbide grains.
2. The vitrified bonded abrasive article of Claim 1 wherein said abrasive grains are present in an amount of from 30% to 56% by volume of said article, said glassy bond is present in an amount of from 2.5% to 50% by volume of said article and the article includes 5% to 65%
by volume pores.
by volume pores.
3. The vitrified bonded abrasive article of Claim 1 wherein said abrasive grains are made up of sintered sol gel aluminous abrasive grains in an amount of from about 1% to 55% by volume of said article and said silicon carbide grains are present in an amount of 1% to 55% by volume of said article.
4. The vitrified bonded abrasive article of Claim 1 wherein said inorganic glassy bond is matured at 1200°C or below.
5. A vitrified bonded abrasive article according to Claim 1 wherein each sintered sol gel aluminous abrasive grain is comprised of submicron sized alpha alumina crystals and has a hardness of at least 16 GPa.
6. A vitrified bonded abrasive article according to Claim 1 wherein each sintered sol gel aluminous abrasive grain is comprised of submicron sized alpha alumina crystals and has a hardness of at least 18 GPa and silicon carbide particles having a mesh size of from 20 to 240.
7. A vitrified bonded abrasive article according to Claim 1 wherein the sintered sol gel aluminous abrasive is substantially calcium ion and alkali metal ion free and has a substantially homogeneous microcrystalline structure comprising a secondary phase of crystallites comprising a modifying component in a dominant continuous alumina phase comprising alpha alumina, said modifying component, on a volume percent of fired solids of said sintered sol gel aluminous abrasives, being selected from:
(i) at least 10% of zirconia, hafnia, or a combination of zirconia and hafnia, (ii) at least 1% of a spinel derived from alumina and at least one oxide of a metal selected from cobalt, nickel, zinc, or magnesium or (iii) 1-45% of said zirconia, hafnia, or the combination of zirconia and hafnia and at least 1% of said spinel.
(i) at least 10% of zirconia, hafnia, or a combination of zirconia and hafnia, (ii) at least 1% of a spinel derived from alumina and at least one oxide of a metal selected from cobalt, nickel, zinc, or magnesium or (iii) 1-45% of said zirconia, hafnia, or the combination of zirconia and hafnia and at least 1% of said spinel.
8. A vitrified bonded abrasive article according to Claim 1 which includes a filler selected from the group consisting of mullite, kyanite, and mixtures thereof.
9. A vitrified bonded abrasive article comprised of abrasive grains and an inorganic glassy bond therefor wherein said abrasive grains consist essentially of about 70% to about 30% of seeded sol gel aluminous abrasive grains and correspondingly from about 30% to about 70% of grains of silicon carbide.
10. A vitrified bonded abrasive article according to Claim 9 in which the mesh size of the grains of each abrasive component is from 24 to 240.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US519,609 | 1990-05-04 | ||
| US07/519,609 US5118326A (en) | 1990-05-04 | 1990-05-04 | Vitrified bonded grinding wheel with mixtures of sol gel aluminous abrasives and silicon carbide |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2032706A1 CA2032706A1 (en) | 1991-11-05 |
| CA2032706C true CA2032706C (en) | 1994-11-15 |
Family
ID=24069039
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002032706A Expired - Lifetime CA2032706C (en) | 1990-05-04 | 1990-12-19 | Vitrified bonded grinding wheel with mixtures of sol gel aluminous abrasives and silicon carbide |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5118326A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0454970B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2875038B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9101219A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2032706C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69132706T2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA91155B (en) |
Families Citing this family (47)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU7360194A (en) * | 1993-07-22 | 1995-02-20 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Silicon carbide grain |
| US5401284A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1995-03-28 | Sheldon; David A. | Sol-gel alumina abrasive wheel with improved corner holding |
| US5536283A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1996-07-16 | Norton Company | Alumina abrasive wheel with improved corner holding |
| US5424260A (en) * | 1994-02-07 | 1995-06-13 | Aluminum Waste Technology, Inc. | Method of recycling aluminum dross |
| US5536282A (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 1996-07-16 | Cincinnati Milacron Inc. | Method for producing an improved vitreous bonded abrasive article and the article produced thereby |
| US5711774A (en) * | 1996-10-09 | 1998-01-27 | Norton Company | Silicon carbide abrasive wheel |
| US5928070A (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 1999-07-27 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article comprising mullite |
| US5863308A (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 1999-01-26 | Norton Company | Low temperature bond for abrasive tools |
| US6607570B1 (en) | 2000-02-02 | 2003-08-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused Al2O3-rare earth oxide eutectic abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
| US6669749B1 (en) | 2000-02-02 | 2003-12-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
| US6451077B1 (en) | 2000-02-02 | 2002-09-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
| US6592640B1 (en) | 2000-02-02 | 2003-07-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused Al2O3-Y2O3 eutectic abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
| US6596041B2 (en) | 2000-02-02 | 2003-07-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused AL2O3-MgO-rare earth oxide eutectic abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
| US7384438B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2008-06-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused Al2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2 eutectic abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
| US6666750B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2003-12-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused AL2O3-rare earth oxide-ZrO2 eutectic abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
| US6582488B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2003-06-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused Al2O3-rare earth oxide-ZrO2 eutectic materials |
| US6583080B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2003-06-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused aluminum oxycarbide/nitride-Al2O3·rare earth oxide eutectic materials |
| US6454822B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2002-09-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused aluminum oxycarbide/nitride-Al2O3·Y2O3 eutectic abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
| US6589305B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2003-07-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused aluminum oxycarbide/nitride-Al2O3 • rare earth oxide eutectic abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
| WO2002008145A1 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2002-01-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | FUSED ALUMINUM OXYCARBIDE/NITRIDE-Al2O3. RARE EARTH OXIDE EUTECTIC MATERIALS, ABRASIVE PARTICLES, ABRASIVE ARTICLES, AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME |
| US6458731B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2002-10-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused aluminum oxycarbide/nitride-AL2O3.Y2O3 eutectic materials |
| AU2001234697A1 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2002-02-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused al2o3-rare earth oxide-zro2 eutectic materials, abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
| EP1332194B1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2007-01-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ceramic aggregate particles |
| CA2423597A1 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2002-04-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making ceramic aggregate particles |
| US6521004B1 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2003-02-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making an abrasive agglomerate particle |
| US6551366B1 (en) | 2000-11-10 | 2003-04-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Spray drying methods of making agglomerate abrasive grains and abrasive articles |
| CN101538119B (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2013-07-24 | 3M创新有限公司 | Method for manufacturing article made of glasses and glass ceramic article prepared therefor |
| US7563293B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2009-07-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Al2O3-rare earth oxide-ZrO2/HfO2 materials, and methods of making and using the same |
| US6609963B2 (en) * | 2001-08-21 | 2003-08-26 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Vitrified superabrasive tool and method of manufacture |
| US6572666B1 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2003-06-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive articles and methods of making the same |
| US6749653B2 (en) | 2002-02-21 | 2004-06-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive particles containing sintered, polycrystalline zirconia |
| US8056370B2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2011-11-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making amorphous and ceramics via melt spinning |
| US7811496B2 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2010-10-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of making ceramic particles |
| US7399330B2 (en) | 2005-10-18 | 2008-07-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Agglomerate abrasive grains and methods of making the same |
| US8095207B2 (en) * | 2006-01-23 | 2012-01-10 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Implantable medical device with inter-atrial block monitoring |
| TWI470069B (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2015-01-21 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | Abrasive article for high-speed grinding operations |
| TWI471196B (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2015-02-01 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | Abrasive article for high-speed grinding operations |
| EP2834040B1 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2021-04-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive particles, method of making abrasive particles, and abrasive articles |
| CN103567888A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-12 | 圣戈班研发（上海）有限公司 | Grinding tool with ceramic bonding agents and method for manufacturing grinding tool |
| US10400146B2 (en) | 2013-04-05 | 2019-09-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Sintered abrasive particles, method of making the same, and abrasive articles including the same |
| WO2016089915A1 (en) | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-09 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article including agglomerates having silicon carbide and an inorganic bond material |
| KR20170084284A (en) | 2014-12-01 | 2017-07-19 | 생-고뱅 어브레이시브즈, 인코포레이티드 | Abrasive article including agglomerates having silicon carbide and an inorganic bond material |
| CN108883520B (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2020-11-03 | 3M创新有限公司 | Elongated shaped abrasive particles, methods of making the same, and abrasive articles comprising the same |
| JP6781357B1 (en) | 2017-09-28 | 2020-11-04 | サンーゴバン アブレイシブズ，インコーポレイティド | Polished article containing non-aggregating abrasive particles containing silicon carbide and inorganic adhesive material |
| EP3692109A1 (en) | 2017-10-02 | 2020-08-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Elongated abrasive particles, method of making the same, and abrasive articles containing the same |
| WO2019133866A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive articles |
| WO2023209518A1 (en) | 2022-04-26 | 2023-11-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive articles, methods of manufacture and use thereof |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4314827A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1982-02-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Non-fused aluminum oxide-based abrasive mineral |
| US4800685A (en) * | 1984-05-31 | 1989-01-31 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Alumina bonded abrasive for cast iron |
| US4883501A (en) * | 1984-10-30 | 1989-11-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Alumina bonded abrasive for cast iron |
| US4543107A (en) * | 1984-08-08 | 1985-09-24 | Norton Company | Vitrified bonded grinding wheels containing sintered gel aluminous abrasive grits |
| CA1254238A (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1989-05-16 | Alvin P. Gerk | Process for durable sol-gel produced alumina-based ceramics, abrasive grain and abrasive products |
| US4741743A (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1988-05-03 | Norton Company | Grinding wheel with combination of fused and sintered abrasive grits |
| US4662897A (en) * | 1986-02-11 | 1987-05-05 | Arkansas Hones Inc. | Vitrified composite novaculite and process for producing same |
| US4652277A (en) * | 1986-04-25 | 1987-03-24 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Composition and method for forming an abrasive article |
| TW197390B (en) * | 1988-07-11 | 1993-01-01 | Sumitomo Electric Industries |
-
1990
- 1990-05-04 US US07/519,609 patent/US5118326A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-19 CA CA002032706A patent/CA2032706C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-01-08 ZA ZA91155A patent/ZA91155B/en unknown
- 1991-03-05 DE DE69132706T patent/DE69132706T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-05 EP EP91103309A patent/EP0454970B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-18 JP JP3051885A patent/JP2875038B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-03-27 BR BR919101219A patent/BR9101219A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0454970A1 (en) | 1991-11-06 |
| JP2875038B2 (en) | 1999-03-24 |
| US5118326A (en) | 1992-06-02 |
| BR9101219A (en) | 1991-11-26 |
| EP0454970B1 (en) | 2001-08-29 |
| CA2032706A1 (en) | 1991-11-05 |
| DE69132706T2 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
| DE69132706D1 (en) | 2001-10-04 |
| ZA91155B (en) | 1991-11-27 |
| AU6866391A (en) | 1991-11-07 |
| JPH05247448A (en) | 1993-09-24 |
| AU627971B2 (en) | 1992-09-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2032706C (en) | Vitrified bonded grinding wheel with mixtures of sol gel aluminous abrasives and silicon carbide | |
| US5094672A (en) | Vitreous bonded sol-gel abrasive grit article | |
| US4898597A (en) | Frit bonded abrasive wheel | |
| US5863308A (en) | Low temperature bond for abrasive tools | |
| US4997461A (en) | Nitrified bonded sol gel sintered aluminous abrasive bodies | |
| US5131923A (en) | Vitrified bonded sol gel sintered aluminous abrasive bodies | |
| EP1007599B1 (en) | Abrasive articles comprising a blend of abrasive particles | |
| US5152810A (en) | Bonded abrasive tools with combination of finely microcrystalline aluminous abrasive and a superabrasive | |
| EP0603715A1 (en) | Abrasive grain comprising calcium oxide and/or strontium oxide | |
| US5607489A (en) | Vitreous grinding tool containing metal coated abrasive | |
| WO1990008744A1 (en) | Alumina ceramic, abrasive material, and production thereof | |
| CA2246726C (en) | Vitreous grinding tool containing metal coated abrasive | |
| US5090970A (en) | Bonded abrasive tools with combination of finely microcrystalline aluminous abrasive and a superbrasive | |
| US4944773A (en) | Bonded abrasive tools with combination of finely microcrystalline aluminous abrasive and a superabrasive | |
| CA2056893C (en) | Sintered composite abrasive material, a process for its production and its use | |
| US5104424A (en) | Abrasive article | |
| JP2972487B2 (en) | Sintered composite abrasive grits, their production and use | |
| EP0335930B1 (en) | Bonded abrasive | |
| CA1323988C (en) | Frit bonded abrasive wheel |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |