CA2036341C - Flexible fiber optic distribution cable - Google Patents
Flexible fiber optic distribution cableInfo
- Publication number
- CA2036341C CA2036341C CA002036341A CA2036341A CA2036341C CA 2036341 C CA2036341 C CA 2036341C CA 002036341 A CA002036341 A CA 002036341A CA 2036341 A CA2036341 A CA 2036341A CA 2036341 C CA2036341 C CA 2036341C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- fiber optic
- optic cable
- recited
- plastic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000013305 flexible fiber Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cypermethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(Cl)Cl)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- ONBQEOIKXPHGMB-VBSBHUPXSA-N 1-[2-[(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ONBQEOIKXPHGMB-VBSBHUPXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940126142 compound 16 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N medroxyprogesterone acetate Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@](OC(C)=O)(C(C)=O)CC[C@H]21 PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 101150101567 pat-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
- G02B6/4432—Protective covering with fibre reinforcements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
- G02B6/4431—Protective covering with provision in the protective covering, e.g. weak line, for gaining access to one or more fibres, e.g. for branching or tapping
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/4435—Corrugated mantle
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Described is a fiber optic distribution cable having increased flexibility despite the presence of a metallic shield. The shield is a metal tape having dense transverse corrugations. Flexibility also arises from the use of multiple strength members and filaments rather than a single tensile strength member. Such flexibility is highly useful when routing the cable through distribution pedestals.
Described is a fiber optic distribution cable having increased flexibility despite the presence of a metallic shield. The shield is a metal tape having dense transverse corrugations. Flexibility also arises from the use of multiple strength members and filaments rather than a single tensile strength member. Such flexibility is highly useful when routing the cable through distribution pedestals.
Description
2~3~3~1 ~
BACKGRoUND OF THE INVENTION
The field of the invention is that of fiber optic out--door distribution cables.
Field trials are underway to extend the use of optical fibers from large telecommunica~ion trunk cables to local networks carrying optical fibers to local subscribers, such as individuals or small businesses. Such distribution cables must carry a smaller number o optical fibers than the larger trunk cables and must have the capability to branch off individual optical fibers or optical fiber subunits. Traditionally, routing of smaller communication cables takes place through existing distribution pedestals or other anclosures providing limited internal space. In such enclosures, cables having a smaller minimum bending radius have an advantage over cables having a larger minîmum bending radius. The minimum bending radius as used herein i5 that bending radius through which an optical cable may be flexed over a long period of time without a significant increase in attenuation of signal.
Another requirement of such distribution cables is that ~they be able to function ln outdoor environments. Such environments require means to resist the invasion of water and rodent attacks and further provide protection against tensile forces and blows to the exterior of the cable.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The foregoing requirements are met in the cable accord-ing to th~ invention. This cable has a core constituting a plurality of light waveguide pairs in a water- blocking gel;
the optical fiber pair and gel are contained in a first plastic tube. Surrounding the first plastic tube is a ayer of densely packed strength member fi~amen~s such as fiber-Abst3g.pat 2~3~3~
glass. Surroundin~ the fiberglass is a layer of flexible rods which are resistant both to tensile and compressive forces. Surrounding the rods is a densely corrugated metal tube. Surrounding ~he metal tube is a second plastic tube containing the metallic tube.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The preferred embodiment of the invention is described according to the following figures, in which: .
:
Fig. l is a perspecti~e cutback view of the cable; and Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cable along line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The cable according to the preferred embodiment has a core composed of a plurality of optical fiber pairs and a waterblocking compound 16. One such pair includes two optical fibers 11, 13 having respective plastic buffer tubes 12, 14. Buffer tubes 12 and 14 are joined side by side at :` :
15. This i5 ac~omplished by extruding plastic simultane-ously over two optical fibers through a die having two - holes. The two buffer tubes emerge from the die rather ~ close together, but not touching. The buffer tubes are then ..
pressed together while they are still hot so that they melt together. The strength of junction 15 is controlled by varying the distance from the die to the area where the tubes are pushed together. For the use according to this in~ention, it is desixable that the tubes be rather easily separable by cutting at area 15 on one end of a pair and then pulling the tubes manually. For this purpose, the thickness of ~oint 15 is less than the outer diameter of buffer tubes 12 and 14.
The fiber pairs and waterblocking compound 16 are then injected into an extruded first tube, which is inner plastic Abst38.pat ~3~3~ ~ ~
tube l7. Notches 18 are placed in first tube 17 to allow workers to gain entry to tube 17 more easily. By cutting through tuke 17 at notches 18 workers can then pull tube 17 apart manually.
Surrounding tube 17 is a layer of densely packed loose fiberglass ~9 and a layer 20 of glass fiber members embedded in a resinous material, marketed under the name Hercuflex.
Surrounding the Hercuflex layer 20 is a tube formed from steel tape 21 having a plastic coating 22 thereon. The plastic coated steel tape tube is formed by moving a flat sheet through a cone of decreasing diameter in the direction of motion. Sealing occurs at the area of overlap through intermelting of adjacent plastic layers 22, resulting in a longitudinal seam. Underlying the steel tape are aramid fiber rip cords 24.
StePl tape 21 has transverse corrugations as shown in Fig. 1. The corrugations should have a density of at least 15 corrugations per inch and preferably at least 22 corrugations per inch, with a corrugation depth of less than 0.30 millimeters, preferably around 0.25 millimeters. The resulting cable has a long ter~ minimum bending radius not exceeding 150 millimeters. The transverse corrugations in steel tape 21 may he annular, as shown, or helical. One method for processing a corrugated steel tape in an optical fiber cable is as described in U. S. Patent 4,232,935, incorporated herein by reference.
Surrounding the steel tape is an outer, or second, plastic tube 23 formed of middle density polyethylene.
Abst38.pat
BACKGRoUND OF THE INVENTION
The field of the invention is that of fiber optic out--door distribution cables.
Field trials are underway to extend the use of optical fibers from large telecommunica~ion trunk cables to local networks carrying optical fibers to local subscribers, such as individuals or small businesses. Such distribution cables must carry a smaller number o optical fibers than the larger trunk cables and must have the capability to branch off individual optical fibers or optical fiber subunits. Traditionally, routing of smaller communication cables takes place through existing distribution pedestals or other anclosures providing limited internal space. In such enclosures, cables having a smaller minimum bending radius have an advantage over cables having a larger minîmum bending radius. The minimum bending radius as used herein i5 that bending radius through which an optical cable may be flexed over a long period of time without a significant increase in attenuation of signal.
Another requirement of such distribution cables is that ~they be able to function ln outdoor environments. Such environments require means to resist the invasion of water and rodent attacks and further provide protection against tensile forces and blows to the exterior of the cable.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The foregoing requirements are met in the cable accord-ing to th~ invention. This cable has a core constituting a plurality of light waveguide pairs in a water- blocking gel;
the optical fiber pair and gel are contained in a first plastic tube. Surrounding the first plastic tube is a ayer of densely packed strength member fi~amen~s such as fiber-Abst3g.pat 2~3~3~
glass. Surroundin~ the fiberglass is a layer of flexible rods which are resistant both to tensile and compressive forces. Surrounding the rods is a densely corrugated metal tube. Surrounding ~he metal tube is a second plastic tube containing the metallic tube.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The preferred embodiment of the invention is described according to the following figures, in which: .
:
Fig. l is a perspecti~e cutback view of the cable; and Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cable along line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The cable according to the preferred embodiment has a core composed of a plurality of optical fiber pairs and a waterblocking compound 16. One such pair includes two optical fibers 11, 13 having respective plastic buffer tubes 12, 14. Buffer tubes 12 and 14 are joined side by side at :` :
15. This i5 ac~omplished by extruding plastic simultane-ously over two optical fibers through a die having two - holes. The two buffer tubes emerge from the die rather ~ close together, but not touching. The buffer tubes are then ..
pressed together while they are still hot so that they melt together. The strength of junction 15 is controlled by varying the distance from the die to the area where the tubes are pushed together. For the use according to this in~ention, it is desixable that the tubes be rather easily separable by cutting at area 15 on one end of a pair and then pulling the tubes manually. For this purpose, the thickness of ~oint 15 is less than the outer diameter of buffer tubes 12 and 14.
The fiber pairs and waterblocking compound 16 are then injected into an extruded first tube, which is inner plastic Abst38.pat ~3~3~ ~ ~
tube l7. Notches 18 are placed in first tube 17 to allow workers to gain entry to tube 17 more easily. By cutting through tuke 17 at notches 18 workers can then pull tube 17 apart manually.
Surrounding tube 17 is a layer of densely packed loose fiberglass ~9 and a layer 20 of glass fiber members embedded in a resinous material, marketed under the name Hercuflex.
Surrounding the Hercuflex layer 20 is a tube formed from steel tape 21 having a plastic coating 22 thereon. The plastic coated steel tape tube is formed by moving a flat sheet through a cone of decreasing diameter in the direction of motion. Sealing occurs at the area of overlap through intermelting of adjacent plastic layers 22, resulting in a longitudinal seam. Underlying the steel tape are aramid fiber rip cords 24.
StePl tape 21 has transverse corrugations as shown in Fig. 1. The corrugations should have a density of at least 15 corrugations per inch and preferably at least 22 corrugations per inch, with a corrugation depth of less than 0.30 millimeters, preferably around 0.25 millimeters. The resulting cable has a long ter~ minimum bending radius not exceeding 150 millimeters. The transverse corrugations in steel tape 21 may he annular, as shown, or helical. One method for processing a corrugated steel tape in an optical fiber cable is as described in U. S. Patent 4,232,935, incorporated herein by reference.
Surrounding the steel tape is an outer, or second, plastic tube 23 formed of middle density polyethylene.
Abst38.pat
Claims (8)
1. A fiber optic cable, comprising:
(a) a first tube containing a plurality of optical fibers;
(b) a second tube containing the first tube; and (c) a metallic tube having at least 22 transverse corrugations per inch and corrugation depth of less than 0.30 millimeters between the first tube and the second tube.
(a) a first tube containing a plurality of optical fibers;
(b) a second tube containing the first tube; and (c) a metallic tube having at least 22 transverse corrugations per inch and corrugation depth of less than 0.30 millimeters between the first tube and the second tube.
2. A fiber optic cable as recited in Claim 1 having a long term minimum bending radius not exceeding 150 millimeters.
3. A fiber optic cable, comprising:
(a) a plurality of light waveguides being mechanically combined in the form of light waveguide pairs;
(b) a first plastic tube containing said light wave-guide pairs and a waterblocking material;
(c) a metallic tube having at least 22 transverse corrugations per inch containing the first plastic tube;
(d) reinforcing members between the metallic tube and the first plastic tube: and, (e) a second plastic tube containing the metallic tube.
(a) a plurality of light waveguides being mechanically combined in the form of light waveguide pairs;
(b) a first plastic tube containing said light wave-guide pairs and a waterblocking material;
(c) a metallic tube having at least 22 transverse corrugations per inch containing the first plastic tube;
(d) reinforcing members between the metallic tube and the first plastic tube: and, (e) a second plastic tube containing the metallic tube.
4. A fiber optic cable as recited in Claim 3, wherein the metallic tube has a corrugation depth of less than 0.30 millimeters.
5. A fiber optic cable as recited in Claim 3 having a long term minimum bending radius not exceeding 150 millimeters.
6. A fiber optic cable as recited in Claim 4 having a long term minimum bending radius not exceeding 150 millimeters.
7. A fiber optic cable as recited in Claim 4, wherein each optical fiber in a light waveguide pair is coated with a rubber or plastic material and the pair is joined by the rubber or plastic material having a thickness less than the outer diameter of either of the two coated light waveguides of the pair.
8. A fiber optic cable as recited in Claim 7, wherein the first plastic tube is notched and a ripcord underlies the metallic tube.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/514,747 US5013127A (en) | 1990-04-26 | 1990-04-26 | Flexible fiber optic distribution cable |
| US07/514,747 | 1990-04-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2036341A1 CA2036341A1 (en) | 1991-10-27 |
| CA2036341C true CA2036341C (en) | 1995-02-14 |
Family
ID=24048521
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002036341A Expired - Fee Related CA2036341C (en) | 1990-04-26 | 1991-02-14 | Flexible fiber optic distribution cable |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5013127A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2036341C (en) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5188883A (en) * | 1990-03-22 | 1993-02-23 | Northern Telecom Limited | Composite tape structures |
| US5131064A (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1992-07-14 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Cable having lightning protective sheath system |
| US5422973A (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-06-06 | Siecor Corporation | Water blocked unfilled single tube cable |
| FR2756935B1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1999-01-08 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | REINFORCED FIBER CABLE, WITH UNITUBE STRUCTURE |
| US5838864A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-17 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Optical cable having an improved strength system |
| US6167180A (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 2000-12-26 | Alcatel | Cable having at least one layer of flexible strength members with adhesive and non-adhesive yarns for coupling an outer protective jacket and a buffer tube containing optical fibers |
| US5930431A (en) * | 1997-12-31 | 1999-07-27 | Siecor Operations, Llc | Fiber optic cable |
| DE19845172A1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2000-04-06 | Alcatel Sa | Communication cable network in a sewer or pipe system primarily used for other purposes |
| DE19856814A1 (en) * | 1998-12-09 | 2000-06-15 | Siemens Ag | Cable with a cable core, a cable jacket and a tear thread |
| US6621966B2 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2003-09-16 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Fiber optic cable with profiled group of optical fibers |
| US6192178B1 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2001-02-20 | Siecor Operations, Llc | Fiber optic cable with profiled group of optical fibers |
| US6504980B1 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2003-01-07 | Alcatel | Highly compact optical fiber communications cable |
| US6563991B1 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2003-05-13 | Alcatel | Optical fiber cable for easy access to ripcords and having ripcord reliability |
| US6603908B2 (en) * | 2000-08-04 | 2003-08-05 | Alcatel | Buffer tube that results in easy access to and low attenuation of fibers disposed within buffer tube |
| US6519399B2 (en) | 2001-02-19 | 2003-02-11 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Fiber optic cable with profiled group of optical fibers |
| US6771863B2 (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2004-08-03 | Sci Systems, Inc. | Fiber optic cable |
| US6847768B2 (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2005-01-25 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Optical fiber tube assembly having a plug |
| US6775444B1 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2004-08-10 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Fiber optic assemblies and methods of making the same |
| US20040234215A1 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2004-11-25 | Serrano Jorge R. | Exterior installation of armored fiber optic cable |
| US6813422B1 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2004-11-02 | Alcoa Fujikura Limited | Flexible fiber optic cable |
| US6866430B1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-03-15 | Sci Systems, Inc. | Cable splicing apparatus and method |
| US9207418B2 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2015-12-08 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Partially impregnated, fiber reinforced thermoplastic strength member |
| US10971284B2 (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2021-04-06 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Power and communications cable for coiled tubing operations |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4072398A (en) * | 1973-01-19 | 1978-02-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Communication cable |
| DE2743260C2 (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1990-05-31 | kabelmetal electro GmbH, 3000 Hannover | Optical fiber communications cable and process for its manufacture |
| NL8403629A (en) * | 1984-05-23 | 1985-12-16 | Philips Nv | OPTICAL TAPE CABLE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING IT AND AN OPTICAL CABLE COMPOSED OF SEVERAL TAPE CABLES. |
| US4723831A (en) * | 1985-12-02 | 1988-02-09 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical fiber communications cable |
| US4765712A (en) * | 1986-01-31 | 1988-08-23 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical fiber cable |
| US4743085A (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1988-05-10 | American Telephone And Telegraph Co., At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical fiber cable having non-metallic sheath system |
| US4729628A (en) * | 1986-11-14 | 1988-03-08 | Siecor Corporation | Fiber optic dropwire |
| GB8729455D0 (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1988-02-03 | Telephone Cables Ltd | Submarine optical cable |
| DE3811126A1 (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1989-10-12 | Siemens Ag | OPTICAL CABLE WITH SEVERAL STRAP ELEMENTS |
| US4892382A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1990-01-09 | Siecor Corporation | Dielectric optical drop cable |
| US4909592A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1990-03-20 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Communication cable having water blocking provisions in core |
| US4974926A (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1990-12-04 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Underwater optical fiber cable |
| US4969706A (en) * | 1989-04-25 | 1990-11-13 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Plenum cable which includes halogenated and non-halogenated plastic materials |
| US4960318A (en) * | 1989-04-25 | 1990-10-02 | Alcatel Na, Inc. | Optical fiber cable |
-
1990
- 1990-04-26 US US07/514,747 patent/US5013127A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-02-14 CA CA002036341A patent/CA2036341C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2036341A1 (en) | 1991-10-27 |
| US5013127A (en) | 1991-05-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |