CA2054411A1 - Process for the preparation of organosilanes containing methacryloyloxy or acryloyloxy groups - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of organosilanes containing methacryloyloxy or acryloyloxy groupsInfo
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- CA2054411A1 CA2054411A1 CA002054411A CA2054411A CA2054411A1 CA 2054411 A1 CA2054411 A1 CA 2054411A1 CA 002054411 A CA002054411 A CA 002054411A CA 2054411 A CA2054411 A CA 2054411A CA 2054411 A1 CA2054411 A1 CA 2054411A1
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- general formula
- alkali metal
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic System
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
- C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
- C07F7/1892—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions not provided for in C07F7/1876 - C07F7/1888
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A novel process for the preparation of organosilanes containing methacryloyloxy or acryloyloxy groups of the general formula I
(I) in which R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms, R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 C atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group having a total number of C atoms of 2 to 4, m represents 0, 1 or 2 and n represents 1, 3 or 4, by reacting alkali metal meth-acrylates or acrylates with haloalkylsilanes of the general formula II
A novel process for the preparation of organosilanes containing methacryloyloxy or acryloyloxy groups of the general formula I
(I) in which R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms, R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 C atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group having a total number of C atoms of 2 to 4, m represents 0, 1 or 2 and n represents 1, 3 or 4, by reacting alkali metal meth-acrylates or acrylates with haloalkylsilanes of the general formula II
Description
~4~1 ~
H~LS AKTIENGESELLSCHAET O.Z. 4531 Procesc for the preparation of organo~ilsnes containing methacryloyloxy or acryloyloxy qroups $he present invention relates to a process for the preparation of organosilanes which contain methacryloyl-oxy or acryloyloxy groups and are also referred to belowas acryloylsilanes. The process is based on the known reaction of alkali metal methacrylates or alkali metal acrylates with chloroalkylsilanes in the presence of phase transfer cataly~ts.
This reaction is described in Japanese Published Patent Appl.ication 51348/6~; therc, it is stat~d that acryloyl-.ilanes of th~ cJcncr~l formula 1 R~
C-C00 (CX, ) n-Sl (OR' ) 3-m (I) in which Rl denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, R2 denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms, R3 denotes alkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms, m denotes 0, 1 or 2 and n denotes a number from 1 to 4, can be prepax-ed by reacting solid ~lkali metal ~alts of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid wLth chloroalkylsllanes o~ the general formula II
R'm I (II) Cl-C~l- (C~, ) n-l Sl (OR' ) ~-m in which R2 and R3 denote C,-C~-alkyl groups, m denote~ 0 to 2 and n denotes 1 to 4, in the presence of quaternary ammonium salts as solid/liquid phase tran~fer catalysts.
The Japanese Application mentions triethylamine, di-methylaniline, tetramethylammonium chloride and benzyl-trimethylammonlum chlorlde as phase transfer catalysts.
The two last-mentioned compounds are used as phase transfar catalyst~ in the examples of the Japanese Patent 20~4~11 - 2 - O.Z. 4531 Application for the reaction between the solid phase, consisting of the alkali metal salt of methacrylic or acrylic acid, and the liquid phase, consisting of the chloroalkylsilane.
S When these catalysts are used, high reaction temperatures of 140C to 180C are required for carrying out the reaction, the reaction time in some cases being up to 10 hours. Furthermore, a large excess of chloroalkyl-silanes, which may be up to lO times the molar amount of alkali metal methacrylate or acrylate, is required.
Moreover, additional solvents, such asl for example, dimethylformamide, toluene or xylene, must be used.
The yields of organosilanes in this known procQss are 6ubstantially below 90~ and frequently reach values of only 70%. At a molar ratio of alkali metal (meth)-acrylate/chloroalkylsilane of 1 : 1, the yield is in fact only 65%, and large amounts of polymeric material are formed as accompanying product. In addition, the large excess of chloroalkylsilanes, the additional solvent, the long reaction t;mes and the high reaction temperatures to be used are decisive disadvantages. Long reaction times and a large excess of chlorosilanes lead to a con-siderable reduction in the space-time yield. Moreover, the large excess of chloroalkylRilanes and the u8e of ~n additional ~olvent have an adverse effect on the energy balance in the purification of the organosilanes by distillation. The use of an additional solvent also has an adverse effect on the yield of organosilanes.
High temperatures not only favour the formation of undesired polymeric products but also lead to a virtually quantitative decomposition of the quaternary ammonium salts. The person skilled in the art knows that quater-nary ammonium salts decompose rapidly at above 110-120C.
As a result of anion exchange of halide for (meth)-acrylate/ silicon-free methacrylates or acrylates and tertiary amines are formed in the thermal decomposition ~ 0 ~
H~LS AKTIENGESELLSCHAET O.Z. 4531 Procesc for the preparation of organo~ilsnes containing methacryloyloxy or acryloyloxy qroups $he present invention relates to a process for the preparation of organosilanes which contain methacryloyl-oxy or acryloyloxy groups and are also referred to belowas acryloylsilanes. The process is based on the known reaction of alkali metal methacrylates or alkali metal acrylates with chloroalkylsilanes in the presence of phase transfer cataly~ts.
This reaction is described in Japanese Published Patent Appl.ication 51348/6~; therc, it is stat~d that acryloyl-.ilanes of th~ cJcncr~l formula 1 R~
C-C00 (CX, ) n-Sl (OR' ) 3-m (I) in which Rl denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, R2 denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms, R3 denotes alkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms, m denotes 0, 1 or 2 and n denotes a number from 1 to 4, can be prepax-ed by reacting solid ~lkali metal ~alts of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid wLth chloroalkylsllanes o~ the general formula II
R'm I (II) Cl-C~l- (C~, ) n-l Sl (OR' ) ~-m in which R2 and R3 denote C,-C~-alkyl groups, m denote~ 0 to 2 and n denotes 1 to 4, in the presence of quaternary ammonium salts as solid/liquid phase tran~fer catalysts.
The Japanese Application mentions triethylamine, di-methylaniline, tetramethylammonium chloride and benzyl-trimethylammonlum chlorlde as phase transfer catalysts.
The two last-mentioned compounds are used as phase transfar catalyst~ in the examples of the Japanese Patent 20~4~11 - 2 - O.Z. 4531 Application for the reaction between the solid phase, consisting of the alkali metal salt of methacrylic or acrylic acid, and the liquid phase, consisting of the chloroalkylsilane.
S When these catalysts are used, high reaction temperatures of 140C to 180C are required for carrying out the reaction, the reaction time in some cases being up to 10 hours. Furthermore, a large excess of chloroalkyl-silanes, which may be up to lO times the molar amount of alkali metal methacrylate or acrylate, is required.
Moreover, additional solvents, such asl for example, dimethylformamide, toluene or xylene, must be used.
The yields of organosilanes in this known procQss are 6ubstantially below 90~ and frequently reach values of only 70%. At a molar ratio of alkali metal (meth)-acrylate/chloroalkylsilane of 1 : 1, the yield is in fact only 65%, and large amounts of polymeric material are formed as accompanying product. In addition, the large excess of chloroalkylsilanes, the additional solvent, the long reaction t;mes and the high reaction temperatures to be used are decisive disadvantages. Long reaction times and a large excess of chlorosilanes lead to a con-siderable reduction in the space-time yield. Moreover, the large excess of chloroalkylRilanes and the u8e of ~n additional ~olvent have an adverse effect on the energy balance in the purification of the organosilanes by distillation. The use of an additional solvent also has an adverse effect on the yield of organosilanes.
High temperatures not only favour the formation of undesired polymeric products but also lead to a virtually quantitative decomposition of the quaternary ammonium salts. The person skilled in the art knows that quater-nary ammonium salts decompose rapidly at above 110-120C.
As a result of anion exchange of halide for (meth)-acrylate/ silicon-free methacrylates or acrylates and tertiary amines are formed in the thermal decomposition ~ 0 ~
of the quatexnary arnmonium salts. The decomposition products formed from trimethylbenzylammonium methacrylate or acrylate may be the corresponding high-boiling benzyl methacrylate or acrylate and dimethylbenzylamine, which can be separated by distillation from the acrylsilanes only with difficulty. The person skilled in the art knows that these impurities may considerably interfere with, or even prevent, the use of the acryloylsilanes of the general formula I. Thus, the benzyl esters form oily fllms on aqueous solutions of the acryloylsilanes and prevent the use of such solutions as sizes for glass fi.bres. On the other hand, tcrt1ary am:incs may adverscly af:Eect the use of acryloy].silanes in pero~idc-inltiated polyrmcrisation reactions, since they may increase the polymerisation rate in an undesirable manner.
It was therefore the objec-t to carry out the reaction between alkali metal (meth)acrylates and chloroalkylsilanes wi.th forma~ion of acryloylsilanes in such a way that low reaction tempcratures can be cmployed, a higher space-time y.ield is obtain-ed and the amount of polymeri.c react:i.on products, s~l.:Lcon-Erc~e mcthacryl.ates o:r acryL.lt(-; and tc:rl:iary alllirl~S :is as low as poss:ible.
~I'hus the present invention prov:i.des a process for the prcpara-tion of an acryioylsilanc of the gencral fo.rmula I
I m C112-=C-COO(~ )n-S:i.(OR )3-r Rl in which R1 rcpresents a hydrogen atorn or a methyl group, R2 20~'~4~ 1 represents an alkyl radical having 1 -to 4 C atoms, R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 C atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group having a total number of C atoms of 2 to 4, m represents 0, 1 or 2 and n represents 1, 3 or 4, which process comprises reaeting an alkali metal salt of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid with a haloalkylsila.ne of the general formula II
I m Hal-CH2-(CH2)n_l Si(OR )3-m (II~
in which R2, R3, m and n are as defined above and Hal represents chlor.;.ne or brominc, in thc prcscnce of: a phase transfer eatalyst, whorcin thc rcact.ion :is carried out at a temperature oE from about 80 to about 150C, and a pyridinium salt of the general formula III
R R
N
(~) (I:[:C), 1~6 in wh.ich Y( ) rcpresents a halidc ion and R4, R5 and R6, whieh rnay be :idcnt:i.cal. or d:ifEcrent,represcnt an aliphatie radieal hav.ing 1 -to 12 C atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 7 C
atoms or a bcnzyl rad:ical, or R4 and R5 togcthcr rnay be part of a group (-CH2-) , in wh.ich a represents 4, 5 or 6, which ring may be interrupted by an oxygen atom between two C atoms, or R6 may 205~41 ~
- 4a - 23443-460 be an organosilane radical of the general formula II without Hal, ls used as the phase transfer catalyst.
In the procedure according to the invention, it is possible to employ considerably lower temperatures than in the process described in the Japanese publication and nevertheless obtain yields which are far higher than in the known procedure.
In particular, the amount of polymerlc products, silicon-free methacrylates or acrylates and tertiary amines is extremely low since the pyridinium salts used according to the invention have substantially higher thermal stability than the phase transfer catalysts based on ~uaternary ammonium salts.
2 0 ~
It was therefore the objec-t to carry out the reaction between alkali metal (meth)acrylates and chloroalkylsilanes wi.th forma~ion of acryloylsilanes in such a way that low reaction tempcratures can be cmployed, a higher space-time y.ield is obtain-ed and the amount of polymeri.c react:i.on products, s~l.:Lcon-Erc~e mcthacryl.ates o:r acryL.lt(-; and tc:rl:iary alllirl~S :is as low as poss:ible.
~I'hus the present invention prov:i.des a process for the prcpara-tion of an acryioylsilanc of the gencral fo.rmula I
I m C112-=C-COO(~ )n-S:i.(OR )3-r Rl in which R1 rcpresents a hydrogen atorn or a methyl group, R2 20~'~4~ 1 represents an alkyl radical having 1 -to 4 C atoms, R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 C atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group having a total number of C atoms of 2 to 4, m represents 0, 1 or 2 and n represents 1, 3 or 4, which process comprises reaeting an alkali metal salt of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid with a haloalkylsila.ne of the general formula II
I m Hal-CH2-(CH2)n_l Si(OR )3-m (II~
in which R2, R3, m and n are as defined above and Hal represents chlor.;.ne or brominc, in thc prcscnce of: a phase transfer eatalyst, whorcin thc rcact.ion :is carried out at a temperature oE from about 80 to about 150C, and a pyridinium salt of the general formula III
R R
N
(~) (I:[:C), 1~6 in wh.ich Y( ) rcpresents a halidc ion and R4, R5 and R6, whieh rnay be :idcnt:i.cal. or d:ifEcrent,represcnt an aliphatie radieal hav.ing 1 -to 12 C atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 7 C
atoms or a bcnzyl rad:ical, or R4 and R5 togcthcr rnay be part of a group (-CH2-) , in wh.ich a represents 4, 5 or 6, which ring may be interrupted by an oxygen atom between two C atoms, or R6 may 205~41 ~
- 4a - 23443-460 be an organosilane radical of the general formula II without Hal, ls used as the phase transfer catalyst.
In the procedure according to the invention, it is possible to employ considerably lower temperatures than in the process described in the Japanese publication and nevertheless obtain yields which are far higher than in the known procedure.
In particular, the amount of polymerlc products, silicon-free methacrylates or acrylates and tertiary amines is extremely low since the pyridinium salts used according to the invention have substantially higher thermal stability than the phase transfer catalysts based on ~uaternary ammonium salts.
2 0 ~
- 5 - O.Z. 4531 The pyridinium salts suitable according to the invention are those which correspond to the abovementioned formula III. Th~ following are mentioned as exampl,es:
1-(2'-ethylhexyl)-4-dimethylaminopyridinium bromide, 1-(2'-ethylhexyl)-~-di-n-butylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-(2'~ethylhexyl)-4-di-n-hexylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-neopentyl-4-(4'-methylpiperidinyl)pyridinium chloride, 1-n~octyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium bromide, 1-neopentyl-4-di-n-butylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-(2'-ethylhexyl)-4-(4'-methylpiperidinyl)pyridinium chloride, 1-(2'-ethylhexyl)-4-morpholinylpyridinium chloride, 1-(3'-trimethoxysilylpropyl)--4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-(3'-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-(3'-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-4~di-n-butylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-(3'-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-4-(4'-methylpiperidinyl)-pyridinium chloride, l-trimethoxysilylmethyl-4-di-n-hexylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-(4'-trimethoxysilylbutyl)-4-di-n-butylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-(3~-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-4-dicyclohe~xylaminopyrid-inium chloride or 1-(3'-trlethoxysily],propyl)-4~dibenzylflminopyrid.inlum chloride.
Bis salt~, such as 1,10-bis(4-dlhexy].aminopyridinium)-decanoyl dibromide, are also suitable.
1-(3~-Trimothoxysilylpropyl)-4-dimethylaminopyridinium chlor.ideandl-(3'-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4-dimethylamino-pyridinum chloride are particularly suitable.
The pyridinium salts used according to the invention can be prepared in situ by heating the base pyridines to-gether with some or the total amount of the haloalkyl-2 0 ~
1-(2'-ethylhexyl)-4-dimethylaminopyridinium bromide, 1-(2'-ethylhexyl)-~-di-n-butylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-(2'~ethylhexyl)-4-di-n-hexylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-neopentyl-4-(4'-methylpiperidinyl)pyridinium chloride, 1-n~octyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium bromide, 1-neopentyl-4-di-n-butylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-(2'-ethylhexyl)-4-(4'-methylpiperidinyl)pyridinium chloride, 1-(2'-ethylhexyl)-4-morpholinylpyridinium chloride, 1-(3'-trimethoxysilylpropyl)--4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-(3'-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-(3'-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-4~di-n-butylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-(3'-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-4-(4'-methylpiperidinyl)-pyridinium chloride, l-trimethoxysilylmethyl-4-di-n-hexylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-(4'-trimethoxysilylbutyl)-4-di-n-butylaminopyridinium chloride, 1-(3~-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-4-dicyclohe~xylaminopyrid-inium chloride or 1-(3'-trlethoxysily],propyl)-4~dibenzylflminopyrid.inlum chloride.
Bis salt~, such as 1,10-bis(4-dlhexy].aminopyridinium)-decanoyl dibromide, are also suitable.
1-(3~-Trimothoxysilylpropyl)-4-dimethylaminopyridinium chlor.ideandl-(3'-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4-dimethylamino-pyridinum chloride are particularly suitable.
The pyridinium salts used according to the invention can be prepared in situ by heating the base pyridines to-gether with some or the total amount of the haloalkyl-2 0 ~
- 6 - O.Z. 4531 silane before -the reaction with the alkali metal salt of (meth)acrylic acid.
Because of the use, as catalysts, of the pyridinium salts described, the reaction rate of the reaction of alkali metal salts of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid with haloalkylsilanes of the general formula II is consider-ably increased compared with the known process, at the same time the rea~tion temperature being reduced and the reaction time decreased. Thus, the reaction temperature in the process according to the invention is 80C to 150C, p.referably 100C to 140C and the reaction time is between 15 and 180 minutes, preferably between 30 and 120 minutes.
The catalyst i8 used in amounts of 0.001 moles to 0.05 mo].es~ prefe~ably in arnounts of 0.005 moles to 0.03 moles, based on 1 mole of alkali metal methacrylate or acrylate.
The reactants are generally used in a stoichiometric ratio. A small excess of both haloalkylsilanes and the alkali metal (meth)acrylate is possible, so that the molar ratio of the alkali metal (meth)acrylate used to the halosilane is preferably 1.2 : 1 to 1 : 1.2.
The reacti.on is p:refc!~ably carril3d out in the ~Ibsence of additional ~olvents. However, lt i~3 a].so pos~ible to begin the react:ion in the presence of organic anhydrou3 solvents (for example alcohols), which, for example, are introduced together with a reactant into the reaction 6yl3tem. Such so].verlts should, however, then be subs-tan-ti.ally removed from the reaction mixture in the course of the reaction, preferably as early as the beginning of the reaction.
By avoiding a large excess of haloalkylsilanes and by dispensing with additional solvents in the reaction, both high space-time yields and an hdvantageous energy balance ~ 7 - 20~ o.~. 4531 are achi~ved, since there is no removal by distillation of solvents and chloroalkylsilanes not used in the reaction. By the process according to the invention, acryloylsilanestof high purity are obtained compared with known processes, without expensive distillation over columns.
According to the invention, the corresponding potassium or sodium salts are used as alkali metal methacrylates or alkali metal acrylates. They can be employed in the reaction both in solid form and in the form of solutions or dispertions in suitable solvents. In a preferred procedure, methacrylates or acrylates prepared by neutra-lisation of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid with al-coholic solutions of potassium alcoholates or sodium alcoholates are used. The solutions or dispersions obtained are mixed with the haloalkylsilanes and the phase transfer cataly~tt, and the alcohols are then distilled off, the reaction between alkali metal meth-acrylates or acrylates and the haloalkylsilanes beginning with the remo~al of the alcohols.
Examples of the haloalkyl~tilanes of the general formula II which can be used according to the invention are:
chloromethyldimethylmethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrlethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltriet(methoxyethoxy)silane, 3-chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropylbutyldimethoxysilane, 4-chlorobutyltrimethoxysilane, 4-chlorobutylmethyldimethoxysilane and 4-chlorobutyltris(methoxyethoxy)silane.
The reaction of the alkali metal methacrylateEt or acryl-atas with haloalkylsilaneet of the general formula II is carried out by mixing the reactants and the phase tran~t-fer catalyst in the choeten molar ratio. The reaction 205'~11 23443-460 - 8 - O.Z. 4531 mixture obtained i8 then brought to the reaction tempera~
ture with constant thorough mixing; any additional ~olvent~ present are distilled off.
After the reaction is completed, the acryloylsilanes formed are isolated in a manner known per ~e. Advantageously, they are di~tilled off, either after precipitated alkali metal chloride has been separated off or directly from the resulting reaction mixture. To protect the acryloyl silanes, it is generally advantageous to carry out the di3tillation under reduced pressure.
It is advantageous to add polymerisaticn inhibitors known per se to the reaction mixture during the reaction.
Examples of substances which are suitable for this purpose are hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, phenyl-2-naphthylamine and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, which are added in amounts of 0.001 to l~ by weight, based on the acryloyl3ilane. The polymerisation in-hibitors can be used alone or as mixtures. The same inhibitors are also added to the distilled pure product or to the pure product isolated in another manner.
The acryloyl~ilanes prepared acco~dlng to the invention are used, for example, as adhe~lon promoters in ~izes for glass fibres.
Example 1 86 g (1 mol) of methacrylic acld are neutralised, while stirring, with 280 g of a 25~ ~trength solution of potas-sium methylate in methanol. Thereafter, 0.6 g of N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2.8 g (0.009 mol) of 1-(2'-ethylhexyl)-4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride and 198.5 g (1 mol) of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane are added with continued st:irring, and the methanol i~
~ o ~
g _ O.Z. 4531 distilled off. The reaction mixture is kept at 125C for 1.5 hours and, after cooling, is filtered off from the KCl formed~ The KCl is washed with methanol. The methanol is evaporated from the combined filtrates, and the residue is distilled under reduced pressure. 230 g of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane of boiling point 82C (0.4 mbar) are obtained, which corresponds to a yield of 92.7%, based on the methacrylic acid used. The purity is 98.5~. In the gas chromatogram, only traces of 4-di-methylaminopyridine and 0.01~ of 2~ethylhexyl methacryl-ate are detectable.
Example 2 110.2 g (1 mol) of potassium acrylate are mixed with 198.5 g (1 mol) of ~-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 2.8 g (O.Ol mol) c~f l-neopentyl-4-(4'-methylpiperidinyl)-pyridinialm chloride and 0.3 g of N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine and the mixture is heated to 128C while stirring. After 2 hours, it is cooled and the KCl formed as a byproduct is filtered off. The KCl is washed with 50 g of methanol. The methanol is evaporated from the combined filtrates, and the residue is distilled under reduced pressure " 08.5 g of 3-acryloxypropyltrimsthoxy-silane of boiling point 80C (0.5 mbar) being obtained.
The yield is g2.7~, based on potassium acrylate used.
The purity is 98.8%. In the gas ch~omakogram, only traces of neopentyl acrylat~ and 4-(4'-mothylpiperi-dinyl)pyridine are detectable.
E am Qe_3 54 g (0.5 mol) of sodium methacrylate are mixed with 99.3 g (0.5 mol) of 3-chloropropyltrime-thoxysilane, 1.6 g (0.006 mol) of 1-(2'-ethylhexyl)-4-dimethylaminopyrid-inium chloride and 0.4 g of N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylene-diamine, and the mixture is heated at 120C for 1.5 hours while stirring. The sodium chloride formed as a by-product is filtered off and washed with 80 g of methanol.
The methanol is evaporatecl from the combined filtrates, and the residue is distilled under reduced pres~ure, 2 0 ~
- 10 - O.Z. 4531 112 g of 3~methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane of boiling point 82C (0.4 mbar) being obtained. The yield is 90.3%, based on sodium methacrylate used. The purity is 98.5%.
In the gas chromatogram, only traces of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate and 4-dimethylaminopyridine ar0 detectable.
Example 4 124 g (1 mol) of potassium methacrylate are mixed with 198.5 g (1 mol) of 3-chloropropyltri.methoxysilane, 2.7 g of 1-(3'-trimethoxys.ilylpropyl)-4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride and 0.5 g of N,N'-di.phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and the m.ixture is heated to 135C while stirring. After 1 hour, it is cooled and the potassia1m chloride formed is filtered off and washed with 60 g of methanol. The methanol is evapo:rtlted from the combined filtrates, and the residue is disti.lled under reduced pressure. 225 g of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane of boiling point 82C (0.4 mbar) are obtained. The yield is 90.7%, based on potassium methacrylate used. The purity is 99.0~. In the gas chromatogxam, only traces of 4-dimethylamino-pyridine are detectable. A 2% strength solution inwater, having a pH of 4, contains no separate oily component.
Fxam~l S_.5_to_!3 In a modi~ication of Exarnple 4, the chloroalkylsilanes stated in ~ab:Le 1 and the catalysts A to D are used instead of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane and the phase transfercatalystl-(3'-trime~-thoxysilylproyl)-4-dimethyl-aminopyrid.ini.llm chloridc, the procedure otherwise being i.cient.i.cal to lhat in ~xample 4. Table 1 shows the yields obtained and the boiling points of the corre~ponding methacryloxysilanes.
Fxample 9 1.74 g (0.015 mol) of 4-dimethylaminopyridine are dis-solved in 201.5 g (1.015 mol) of 3-chloropropyltri--methox~silane, and the solution is heated to 135C while 2 0 ~
~ 0.2. 4531 stirring and is left at this temperature for 15 minutes.After the solution has been cooled to 60C, 124.2 g (1 mol) of potassium methacrylate and 0.6 g of N,N-'diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine are added. The mixture is then brought to 135C again. After 1 hour it is cooled, and the potassium chloride formed is filtered off and washed with 80 g of methanol. The methanol i8 evaporated from the combined filtrates and the residue is distilled under reduced pressure. 228.1 g of 3-meth-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane of boiling point 83C(0.4 mbar) are obtained. The yield is 92%, based on potassium methacrylate used. The purity is 99.0~. In the gas chromatogram, only traces of 4-dimethylaminopyri-dine are detectable.
Co!npar~l_;ve_~x~m~l~
Example 4 is repeated except that, instead of 1-(3'tri-me-thoxysilylpropyl)~4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride, trimethylbenzylammonium chloride is used as the phase transfer catalyst, in an amount of 3.0 g (0.016 mol). In the distillation of the filtrate under reduced pressure, 195 g of distl]late of boiling point 60 to 86C (0.3 mbar) are obtained. The gas chromatographic analysis indicates an amount of 35.0 g of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy-silane, which corresponds to a yield of 14.1~, based on potassium methacrylate u~ed. The di~illata contains 0.37% of dimot}lylbenzyl~lmine ancl 0.~ of ben~yl meth~
acrylate. 28.5 g of 3-methacryloxypropyl-tr:iJnethoxysilane of boiling point 90C (1 mbar) are obtained by distilla-tion over a packed column tpacking material: Raschig rings) under reduced pressure. The purity is 97.1%, according to 9as chromatographic analysis. A 2~ strength sc)lution in water, having a pH of 4, contains a clearly visible oil film on the surface. After ex-traction with n-hexane, this film was identified as a mixture of dimethylbenzylamine and benzyl methacrylate by mass spectroscopic analysis.
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Because of the use, as catalysts, of the pyridinium salts described, the reaction rate of the reaction of alkali metal salts of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid with haloalkylsilanes of the general formula II is consider-ably increased compared with the known process, at the same time the rea~tion temperature being reduced and the reaction time decreased. Thus, the reaction temperature in the process according to the invention is 80C to 150C, p.referably 100C to 140C and the reaction time is between 15 and 180 minutes, preferably between 30 and 120 minutes.
The catalyst i8 used in amounts of 0.001 moles to 0.05 mo].es~ prefe~ably in arnounts of 0.005 moles to 0.03 moles, based on 1 mole of alkali metal methacrylate or acrylate.
The reactants are generally used in a stoichiometric ratio. A small excess of both haloalkylsilanes and the alkali metal (meth)acrylate is possible, so that the molar ratio of the alkali metal (meth)acrylate used to the halosilane is preferably 1.2 : 1 to 1 : 1.2.
The reacti.on is p:refc!~ably carril3d out in the ~Ibsence of additional ~olvents. However, lt i~3 a].so pos~ible to begin the react:ion in the presence of organic anhydrou3 solvents (for example alcohols), which, for example, are introduced together with a reactant into the reaction 6yl3tem. Such so].verlts should, however, then be subs-tan-ti.ally removed from the reaction mixture in the course of the reaction, preferably as early as the beginning of the reaction.
By avoiding a large excess of haloalkylsilanes and by dispensing with additional solvents in the reaction, both high space-time yields and an hdvantageous energy balance ~ 7 - 20~ o.~. 4531 are achi~ved, since there is no removal by distillation of solvents and chloroalkylsilanes not used in the reaction. By the process according to the invention, acryloylsilanestof high purity are obtained compared with known processes, without expensive distillation over columns.
According to the invention, the corresponding potassium or sodium salts are used as alkali metal methacrylates or alkali metal acrylates. They can be employed in the reaction both in solid form and in the form of solutions or dispertions in suitable solvents. In a preferred procedure, methacrylates or acrylates prepared by neutra-lisation of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid with al-coholic solutions of potassium alcoholates or sodium alcoholates are used. The solutions or dispersions obtained are mixed with the haloalkylsilanes and the phase transfer cataly~tt, and the alcohols are then distilled off, the reaction between alkali metal meth-acrylates or acrylates and the haloalkylsilanes beginning with the remo~al of the alcohols.
Examples of the haloalkyl~tilanes of the general formula II which can be used according to the invention are:
chloromethyldimethylmethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrlethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltriet(methoxyethoxy)silane, 3-chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropylbutyldimethoxysilane, 4-chlorobutyltrimethoxysilane, 4-chlorobutylmethyldimethoxysilane and 4-chlorobutyltris(methoxyethoxy)silane.
The reaction of the alkali metal methacrylateEt or acryl-atas with haloalkylsilaneet of the general formula II is carried out by mixing the reactants and the phase tran~t-fer catalyst in the choeten molar ratio. The reaction 205'~11 23443-460 - 8 - O.Z. 4531 mixture obtained i8 then brought to the reaction tempera~
ture with constant thorough mixing; any additional ~olvent~ present are distilled off.
After the reaction is completed, the acryloylsilanes formed are isolated in a manner known per ~e. Advantageously, they are di~tilled off, either after precipitated alkali metal chloride has been separated off or directly from the resulting reaction mixture. To protect the acryloyl silanes, it is generally advantageous to carry out the di3tillation under reduced pressure.
It is advantageous to add polymerisaticn inhibitors known per se to the reaction mixture during the reaction.
Examples of substances which are suitable for this purpose are hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, phenyl-2-naphthylamine and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, which are added in amounts of 0.001 to l~ by weight, based on the acryloyl3ilane. The polymerisation in-hibitors can be used alone or as mixtures. The same inhibitors are also added to the distilled pure product or to the pure product isolated in another manner.
The acryloyl~ilanes prepared acco~dlng to the invention are used, for example, as adhe~lon promoters in ~izes for glass fibres.
Example 1 86 g (1 mol) of methacrylic acld are neutralised, while stirring, with 280 g of a 25~ ~trength solution of potas-sium methylate in methanol. Thereafter, 0.6 g of N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2.8 g (0.009 mol) of 1-(2'-ethylhexyl)-4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride and 198.5 g (1 mol) of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane are added with continued st:irring, and the methanol i~
~ o ~
g _ O.Z. 4531 distilled off. The reaction mixture is kept at 125C for 1.5 hours and, after cooling, is filtered off from the KCl formed~ The KCl is washed with methanol. The methanol is evaporated from the combined filtrates, and the residue is distilled under reduced pressure. 230 g of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane of boiling point 82C (0.4 mbar) are obtained, which corresponds to a yield of 92.7%, based on the methacrylic acid used. The purity is 98.5~. In the gas chromatogram, only traces of 4-di-methylaminopyridine and 0.01~ of 2~ethylhexyl methacryl-ate are detectable.
Example 2 110.2 g (1 mol) of potassium acrylate are mixed with 198.5 g (1 mol) of ~-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 2.8 g (O.Ol mol) c~f l-neopentyl-4-(4'-methylpiperidinyl)-pyridinialm chloride and 0.3 g of N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine and the mixture is heated to 128C while stirring. After 2 hours, it is cooled and the KCl formed as a byproduct is filtered off. The KCl is washed with 50 g of methanol. The methanol is evaporated from the combined filtrates, and the residue is distilled under reduced pressure " 08.5 g of 3-acryloxypropyltrimsthoxy-silane of boiling point 80C (0.5 mbar) being obtained.
The yield is g2.7~, based on potassium acrylate used.
The purity is 98.8%. In the gas ch~omakogram, only traces of neopentyl acrylat~ and 4-(4'-mothylpiperi-dinyl)pyridine are detectable.
E am Qe_3 54 g (0.5 mol) of sodium methacrylate are mixed with 99.3 g (0.5 mol) of 3-chloropropyltrime-thoxysilane, 1.6 g (0.006 mol) of 1-(2'-ethylhexyl)-4-dimethylaminopyrid-inium chloride and 0.4 g of N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylene-diamine, and the mixture is heated at 120C for 1.5 hours while stirring. The sodium chloride formed as a by-product is filtered off and washed with 80 g of methanol.
The methanol is evaporatecl from the combined filtrates, and the residue is distilled under reduced pres~ure, 2 0 ~
- 10 - O.Z. 4531 112 g of 3~methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane of boiling point 82C (0.4 mbar) being obtained. The yield is 90.3%, based on sodium methacrylate used. The purity is 98.5%.
In the gas chromatogram, only traces of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate and 4-dimethylaminopyridine ar0 detectable.
Example 4 124 g (1 mol) of potassium methacrylate are mixed with 198.5 g (1 mol) of 3-chloropropyltri.methoxysilane, 2.7 g of 1-(3'-trimethoxys.ilylpropyl)-4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride and 0.5 g of N,N'-di.phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and the m.ixture is heated to 135C while stirring. After 1 hour, it is cooled and the potassia1m chloride formed is filtered off and washed with 60 g of methanol. The methanol is evapo:rtlted from the combined filtrates, and the residue is disti.lled under reduced pressure. 225 g of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane of boiling point 82C (0.4 mbar) are obtained. The yield is 90.7%, based on potassium methacrylate used. The purity is 99.0~. In the gas chromatogxam, only traces of 4-dimethylamino-pyridine are detectable. A 2% strength solution inwater, having a pH of 4, contains no separate oily component.
Fxam~l S_.5_to_!3 In a modi~ication of Exarnple 4, the chloroalkylsilanes stated in ~ab:Le 1 and the catalysts A to D are used instead of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane and the phase transfercatalystl-(3'-trime~-thoxysilylproyl)-4-dimethyl-aminopyrid.ini.llm chloridc, the procedure otherwise being i.cient.i.cal to lhat in ~xample 4. Table 1 shows the yields obtained and the boiling points of the corre~ponding methacryloxysilanes.
Fxample 9 1.74 g (0.015 mol) of 4-dimethylaminopyridine are dis-solved in 201.5 g (1.015 mol) of 3-chloropropyltri--methox~silane, and the solution is heated to 135C while 2 0 ~
~ 0.2. 4531 stirring and is left at this temperature for 15 minutes.After the solution has been cooled to 60C, 124.2 g (1 mol) of potassium methacrylate and 0.6 g of N,N-'diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine are added. The mixture is then brought to 135C again. After 1 hour it is cooled, and the potassium chloride formed is filtered off and washed with 80 g of methanol. The methanol i8 evaporated from the combined filtrates and the residue is distilled under reduced pressure. 228.1 g of 3-meth-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane of boiling point 83C(0.4 mbar) are obtained. The yield is 92%, based on potassium methacrylate used. The purity is 99.0~. In the gas chromatogram, only traces of 4-dimethylaminopyri-dine are detectable.
Co!npar~l_;ve_~x~m~l~
Example 4 is repeated except that, instead of 1-(3'tri-me-thoxysilylpropyl)~4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride, trimethylbenzylammonium chloride is used as the phase transfer catalyst, in an amount of 3.0 g (0.016 mol). In the distillation of the filtrate under reduced pressure, 195 g of distl]late of boiling point 60 to 86C (0.3 mbar) are obtained. The gas chromatographic analysis indicates an amount of 35.0 g of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy-silane, which corresponds to a yield of 14.1~, based on potassium methacrylate u~ed. The di~illata contains 0.37% of dimot}lylbenzyl~lmine ancl 0.~ of ben~yl meth~
acrylate. 28.5 g of 3-methacryloxypropyl-tr:iJnethoxysilane of boiling point 90C (1 mbar) are obtained by distilla-tion over a packed column tpacking material: Raschig rings) under reduced pressure. The purity is 97.1%, according to 9as chromatographic analysis. A 2~ strength sc)lution in water, having a pH of 4, contains a clearly visible oil film on the surface. After ex-traction with n-hexane, this film was identified as a mixture of dimethylbenzylamine and benzyl methacrylate by mass spectroscopic analysis.
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n~ I h O .1 1 ~ I h rl O ~ S
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---- ~ a ~
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u~ ~r ~ ~ 0 ~ I .,~ I ~ , s ~ ~ 0 ~ m c~ a ~ ,1 0 P~ v Q C r-l I ~ ~1 ___ ~ I ~ O .
~: a~ I h ~ .4 ~ ~d I a) I ~ I ~ tll S
X ~ ~ ~ ~
.~ ~ td -V~ ~~ ~ ~ O ~ a) ~ ~ V
u~ p~X ~ ~4 S ~ E .,~
o ~1 ~ O~1 uw O ~ ~l ~ uw ,_ h u~
~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ x x ,, ~ o o ~ o o o-,l x .~ o o ~ a ~ o a ~h.C ~a o Uw s ~ ~
o o ~ o ~ I a)o ~ o ~1 ~ s h ,1 ~ ~h ~ ~ ~ X O a o .-- s ~ o ~: ~aS ~ s ~ O o ~ E~
U -1~ ~ ~C) ,1U ~ ~ ,~ .~:: ,1 ,1 ~
.C I ~ I h I a~ ,~ h ~ h ~ w c~ ~ ~ ~) a w ~ uw E~ a _, ~ ~ ' ' ' ' E~ ~ ~ m u ~ ~1
Claims (7)
1. A process for the preparation of an organosilane, containing a methacryloyloxy or acryloyloxy group, of the general formula I
(I) in which R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms, R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 C atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group having a total number of C atoms of 2 to 4, m represents 0, 1 or
(I) in which R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms, R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 C atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group having a total number of C atoms of 2 to 4, m represents 0, 1 or
2 and n represents 1, 3 or 4, which process comprises reacting an alkali metal methacrylate or acrylate with a haloalkylsilane of the general formula II
(II) in which R2, R3, m and n arc as defined above and Hal represents chlorine or bromine, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature of from about 80°C to about 150°C and a pyridinium salt of the general formula III
(III) in which Y(-) represents a halide ion and R4, R5 and R6, which may be identical or different, represent an aliphatic radical having 1 to 12 C atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 7 C
atoms or a benzyl radical, or R4 and R5 together may be part of a group (-CH2-)a, in which a represents 4, 5 or 6, which ring may be interrupted by an oxygen atom between two C atoms, or R6 may be an organosilane radical of the general formula II without Hal, is used as the phase transfer catalyst.
2. A process according to Claim 1, wherein the pyridinium salt used is a 1-(3'-trialkoxysilylpropyl)-4-dimethylaminopyridin-ium chloride.
(II) in which R2, R3, m and n arc as defined above and Hal represents chlorine or bromine, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature of from about 80°C to about 150°C and a pyridinium salt of the general formula III
(III) in which Y(-) represents a halide ion and R4, R5 and R6, which may be identical or different, represent an aliphatic radical having 1 to 12 C atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 7 C
atoms or a benzyl radical, or R4 and R5 together may be part of a group (-CH2-)a, in which a represents 4, 5 or 6, which ring may be interrupted by an oxygen atom between two C atoms, or R6 may be an organosilane radical of the general formula II without Hal, is used as the phase transfer catalyst.
2. A process according to Claim 1, wherein the pyridinium salt used is a 1-(3'-trialkoxysilylpropyl)-4-dimethylaminopyridin-ium chloride.
3. A process according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the molar ratio of the alkali metal methacrylate or acrylate used to the haloalkylsilane of the formula II is 1.2 : 1 to 1 : 1.2.
4. A process according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature of from about 100 to about 140°C.
5. A process according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the cata-lyst is used in an amount of from about 0.001 mole to 0.05 mole, based on 1 mole of alkali metal methacrylate or acrylate.
6. A process according to Claim 5, wherein the catalyst is used in an amount of from about 0.005 mole to 0.03 mole.
7. A process according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the reaction is carried out in the absence of solvents.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4034612.9 | 1990-10-31 | ||
| DE4034612A DE4034612A1 (en) | 1990-10-31 | 1990-10-31 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANOSILANES CONTAINING METHACRYLOXY OR ACRYLOXY GROUPS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2054411A1 true CA2054411A1 (en) | 1992-05-01 |
Family
ID=6417370
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002054411A Abandoned CA2054411A1 (en) | 1990-10-31 | 1991-10-29 | Process for the preparation of organosilanes containing methacryloyloxy or acryloyloxy groups |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5117027A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0483480B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2924988B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE133675T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2054411A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4034612A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2082895T3 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2582568A (en) * | 1947-08-26 | 1952-01-15 | Dow Corning | Silicon-containing esters |
| US2956044A (en) * | 1956-08-06 | 1960-10-11 | Dow Corning | Acryloxymethylsilicon polymers |
| US3258477A (en) * | 1963-07-19 | 1966-06-28 | Dow Corning | Acryloxyalkylsilanes and compositions thereof |
| US3878263A (en) * | 1972-07-10 | 1975-04-15 | Stauffer Chemical Co | Acrylate-functional polysiloxane polymers |
| JPS57179210A (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1982-11-04 | Sunstar Giken Kk | Room temperature curing elastic composition |
| DE3564273D1 (en) * | 1984-07-07 | 1988-09-15 | Bayer Ag | Process for the preparation of lactic acid silyl esters |
| JPS6253995A (en) * | 1985-09-02 | 1987-03-09 | Toray Ind Inc | Dialkoxysilane containing unsaturated ester group in molecule |
| US4647683A (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1987-03-03 | (Swc) Stauffer-Wacker Silicones Corporation | Preparing ester containing organosilicon compounds |
| JPS63179881A (en) * | 1987-01-19 | 1988-07-23 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Organosilicon compound |
| US4946977A (en) * | 1987-09-25 | 1990-08-07 | Huels Troisdorf Ag | Method for the preparation of organosilanes containing methacryloxy or acryloxy groups |
-
1990
- 1990-10-31 DE DE4034612A patent/DE4034612A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-08-29 AT AT91114493T patent/ATE133675T1/en active
- 1991-08-29 EP EP91114493A patent/EP0483480B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-29 DE DE59107337T patent/DE59107337D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-08-29 ES ES91114493T patent/ES2082895T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-16 US US07/777,149 patent/US5117027A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-29 CA CA002054411A patent/CA2054411A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-10-30 JP JP3284601A patent/JP2924988B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04288089A (en) | 1992-10-13 |
| JP2924988B2 (en) | 1999-07-26 |
| EP0483480B1 (en) | 1996-01-31 |
| EP0483480A1 (en) | 1992-05-06 |
| DE59107337D1 (en) | 1996-03-14 |
| ATE133675T1 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
| US5117027A (en) | 1992-05-26 |
| ES2082895T3 (en) | 1996-04-01 |
| DE4034612A1 (en) | 1992-05-07 |
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