CA2082101A1 - Compressing oxygen - Google Patents
Compressing oxygenInfo
- Publication number
- CA2082101A1 CA2082101A1 CA002082101A CA2082101A CA2082101A1 CA 2082101 A1 CA2082101 A1 CA 2082101A1 CA 002082101 A CA002082101 A CA 002082101A CA 2082101 A CA2082101 A CA 2082101A CA 2082101 A1 CA2082101 A1 CA 2082101A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- bed
- vessel
- pressure
- driving gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F1/00—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped
- F04F1/06—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped the fluid medium acting on the surface of the liquid to be pumped
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method of compressing oxygen includes passing the oxygen into a vessel 12 containing finely divided material. Next a driving gas, for example, air is compressed to a greater pressure than the oxygen and passed through the vessel 12 and the bed of material contained therein which creates a plug flow effect such that the oxygen is compressed by the air substantially without back-mixing.
A method of compressing oxygen includes passing the oxygen into a vessel 12 containing finely divided material. Next a driving gas, for example, air is compressed to a greater pressure than the oxygen and passed through the vessel 12 and the bed of material contained therein which creates a plug flow effect such that the oxygen is compressed by the air substantially without back-mixing.
Description
Yl~il~//~(i CO~PRESSING OXYGEN
The present invention relates to methods of and apparatus for the compression of oxygen.
It is known to produce an oxygen rich product gas from pressure swing adsorption (PSA) plants. However, the product gas so produced is often at low pressure, that is, either close to atmospheric pressure or about l or 2 bar. If oxygen PSA plants are operated with a feed gas pressure which is higher than usual in order to provide the product gas at a higher pressure, then the cycle becomes progressively more inefficient in the use of power since air contains only 21% oxygen of which about half is trapped in the PSA plant so that consequently up to 90~ of the initial compression energy can be wasted.
One alternative is to use mechanical compression for the oxygen productgas. EEowever, the mechanical compression of oxygen is a known hazard and machines which meet the various safety requirements are very expensive.
It is an aim of the present invention to provide a method of and an apparatus for compressing oxygen in which there is no direct mechanical action on the oxygen According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of compressing oxygen comprises the steps of:-a) passing a predetermined quantity of oxygen at a given pressure into abed of material;
b) compressing a driving gas to a pressure greater than the given pressure of oxygen; and subsequently c) passing the driving gas into the bed of material which creates a plug flow effect such that the driving gas compresses the oxygen therein to a preselected pressure substantially without back-mixing.
According to a further aspect of the the present invention, an apparatus for compressing oxygen comprises a source of oxygen under pressure, conduit means for the passage of the oxygen under pressure to a vessel containing a bed of material which creates a plug flow effect when a gas is passed therethrough, means for compressing a driving gas to a pressure greater than the oxygen pressure and conduit means for the passage of the driving gas towards the vessel the arrangement being such that the driving gas on passage through the vessel compresses the oxygen substantially without back-mixing.
Preferably, the source of oxygen is an oxygen PSA plant and the driving gas is air.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example, reference being made to the Figures of the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:-Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for the compression ofoxygen; and Figure 2 is a schematic diagram similar to Figure 1 but illustrating modifications.
As shown in Figure 1, an apparatus 1 for the compression of oxygen includes a source of oxygen under pressure in the form of a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) plant 2. The PSA plant 2 as shown in Figure 1 is known in the art but for clarity will be described briefly as follows.
The PSA plant 2 comprises two vessels 4, 6 each containing a bed of adsorbent material and a desiccant in the form of an alumina layer 7. When air under pressure is passed through an inlet line 8 it is directed to one vessel 4, 6 in a manner known per se where the adsorbent material preferentiaIly adsorbs nitrogen and carbon dioxide relative to oxygen and the alumina layer 7 removes moisture such that dry oxygen enriched product gas exits from the PSA plant 2 via a conduit means 10.
~ 3 ~ ~ ~ $
Eacn vessel 4, 6 alternates with the other to produce oxygen product gas whilst the adsorbent material in the other vessel is being regenerated in a manner known per se.
Conduit means 10 extends to the bottom (as shown) of a vessel 12 which contains a bed of finely divided material which creates a "plug flow effect" when a gas is passed therethrough.
Wherever and whenever used throughout this specification "plug flow effect"
means a flow pattern in which successive particles of fluid flow through the bed of material are always in the same order in which they enter the bed, that is, without back-mixing. Examples of suitable bed materials are:- finely divided particles and/or multiple layers of mesh and/or material sintered into a solid block. Any material used should not react adversely with oxygen and should not be an adsorbent. A suitable material would be, for example, bronze.
At its upper (as shown) end a conduit means 14 passes from the vessel 12 to an oxygen product receiver 16. Surrounding the vessel 12 adjacent its upper (as shown3 end is a cooler 40.
A compressor 20, preferably an oil free compressor, is connected via a line 22 to a surge tank 24. A pipe 26 connects an outlet from the surge tank 24 to a vessel Z8 containing a desiccant. A first pipe 30 extends rom the vessel 28 to joint the conduit means 10; and a second pipe 32 extends from the vessel 28 to atmosphere. Valves 34 and 36 control the flow of air through the pipes 30 and 32 respectively.
In use, a predetermined quantity of product oxygen from the PSA plant 2, generated, for example, within vessel 4 passes through the conduit means 10 and into the vessel 12. The quantity of product oxygen is preferably controlled by timing means. After the predetermined quantity of oxygen has passed into the vessel 12 the flow of oxygen is stopped and thereafter a driving gas, for example, air from the compressor 20 passes through line 22, surge tank 24, pipe 26, vessel 28, pipe 30 and valve 34 into conduit - 4 - 2 ~
me.ans 10 and hence into the vessel 12. The flow of air which has been dried by its passage through the vessel 28 will exhibit the plug flow effect as it passes through the bed of material within the vessel 12 and as a consequence there is substantially no back-mixing of the product oxygen with the air. However, the air moving up (as shown) the vessel 12 will compress the oxygen and the oxygen will be forced out of the vessel 12 through the conduit means 14 and into the oxygen product receiver 16 at an elevated pressure.
;
The flow of air is stopped before the air can pass into the conduit means 14. This is controlled either by timing or an analysis of the gas at the upper end of the vessel 12.
Next, the bed of material is vented to a lower pressure to remove most of the air by opening valves 34 and 36 and then the bed ispurged with some of the product quality oxygen which passes from the receiver 16, conduit means 14 in a countercurrent directioD from the top to the bottom of the vessel 12 and hence, as shown, through the conduit means 10, valve 34, pipe 30, vessel 28, pipe 32 and valve 36 to atmosphere.
Product quality gas is then used to backfill the bed of material within the vessel 12 to the PSA discharge pressure.
Any heat generated by the compression of the oxygen at the upper end of the vessel 12 is removed by the cooler 40.
The cycle of operations is then repeated with the oxygen being generated within vessel 6 of the PSA plant 2.
Referring now to Figure 2 where the same reference numerals indicate the same features referred to in Figure 1. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2 the vessel ~8 is absent and a layer of desiccant 7 is located within the vessel 12 adjacent its lower (as shown) end. Furthermore, conduit means 42 extends from the lower end of the vessel 12 and connects with the line 8. Thus, high pressure air purged from the vessel 12 can be used as . ~
par~ of the feed air to the PSA plant 2.
Although, in the two embodiments described above, the source of oxygen under pressure is an oxygen PSA plant; the source of oxygen under pressure could be, for example, oxygen from a cryogenic air separation unit.
The present invention relates to methods of and apparatus for the compression of oxygen.
It is known to produce an oxygen rich product gas from pressure swing adsorption (PSA) plants. However, the product gas so produced is often at low pressure, that is, either close to atmospheric pressure or about l or 2 bar. If oxygen PSA plants are operated with a feed gas pressure which is higher than usual in order to provide the product gas at a higher pressure, then the cycle becomes progressively more inefficient in the use of power since air contains only 21% oxygen of which about half is trapped in the PSA plant so that consequently up to 90~ of the initial compression energy can be wasted.
One alternative is to use mechanical compression for the oxygen productgas. EEowever, the mechanical compression of oxygen is a known hazard and machines which meet the various safety requirements are very expensive.
It is an aim of the present invention to provide a method of and an apparatus for compressing oxygen in which there is no direct mechanical action on the oxygen According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of compressing oxygen comprises the steps of:-a) passing a predetermined quantity of oxygen at a given pressure into abed of material;
b) compressing a driving gas to a pressure greater than the given pressure of oxygen; and subsequently c) passing the driving gas into the bed of material which creates a plug flow effect such that the driving gas compresses the oxygen therein to a preselected pressure substantially without back-mixing.
According to a further aspect of the the present invention, an apparatus for compressing oxygen comprises a source of oxygen under pressure, conduit means for the passage of the oxygen under pressure to a vessel containing a bed of material which creates a plug flow effect when a gas is passed therethrough, means for compressing a driving gas to a pressure greater than the oxygen pressure and conduit means for the passage of the driving gas towards the vessel the arrangement being such that the driving gas on passage through the vessel compresses the oxygen substantially without back-mixing.
Preferably, the source of oxygen is an oxygen PSA plant and the driving gas is air.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example, reference being made to the Figures of the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:-Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for the compression ofoxygen; and Figure 2 is a schematic diagram similar to Figure 1 but illustrating modifications.
As shown in Figure 1, an apparatus 1 for the compression of oxygen includes a source of oxygen under pressure in the form of a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) plant 2. The PSA plant 2 as shown in Figure 1 is known in the art but for clarity will be described briefly as follows.
The PSA plant 2 comprises two vessels 4, 6 each containing a bed of adsorbent material and a desiccant in the form of an alumina layer 7. When air under pressure is passed through an inlet line 8 it is directed to one vessel 4, 6 in a manner known per se where the adsorbent material preferentiaIly adsorbs nitrogen and carbon dioxide relative to oxygen and the alumina layer 7 removes moisture such that dry oxygen enriched product gas exits from the PSA plant 2 via a conduit means 10.
~ 3 ~ ~ ~ $
Eacn vessel 4, 6 alternates with the other to produce oxygen product gas whilst the adsorbent material in the other vessel is being regenerated in a manner known per se.
Conduit means 10 extends to the bottom (as shown) of a vessel 12 which contains a bed of finely divided material which creates a "plug flow effect" when a gas is passed therethrough.
Wherever and whenever used throughout this specification "plug flow effect"
means a flow pattern in which successive particles of fluid flow through the bed of material are always in the same order in which they enter the bed, that is, without back-mixing. Examples of suitable bed materials are:- finely divided particles and/or multiple layers of mesh and/or material sintered into a solid block. Any material used should not react adversely with oxygen and should not be an adsorbent. A suitable material would be, for example, bronze.
At its upper (as shown) end a conduit means 14 passes from the vessel 12 to an oxygen product receiver 16. Surrounding the vessel 12 adjacent its upper (as shown3 end is a cooler 40.
A compressor 20, preferably an oil free compressor, is connected via a line 22 to a surge tank 24. A pipe 26 connects an outlet from the surge tank 24 to a vessel Z8 containing a desiccant. A first pipe 30 extends rom the vessel 28 to joint the conduit means 10; and a second pipe 32 extends from the vessel 28 to atmosphere. Valves 34 and 36 control the flow of air through the pipes 30 and 32 respectively.
In use, a predetermined quantity of product oxygen from the PSA plant 2, generated, for example, within vessel 4 passes through the conduit means 10 and into the vessel 12. The quantity of product oxygen is preferably controlled by timing means. After the predetermined quantity of oxygen has passed into the vessel 12 the flow of oxygen is stopped and thereafter a driving gas, for example, air from the compressor 20 passes through line 22, surge tank 24, pipe 26, vessel 28, pipe 30 and valve 34 into conduit - 4 - 2 ~
me.ans 10 and hence into the vessel 12. The flow of air which has been dried by its passage through the vessel 28 will exhibit the plug flow effect as it passes through the bed of material within the vessel 12 and as a consequence there is substantially no back-mixing of the product oxygen with the air. However, the air moving up (as shown) the vessel 12 will compress the oxygen and the oxygen will be forced out of the vessel 12 through the conduit means 14 and into the oxygen product receiver 16 at an elevated pressure.
;
The flow of air is stopped before the air can pass into the conduit means 14. This is controlled either by timing or an analysis of the gas at the upper end of the vessel 12.
Next, the bed of material is vented to a lower pressure to remove most of the air by opening valves 34 and 36 and then the bed ispurged with some of the product quality oxygen which passes from the receiver 16, conduit means 14 in a countercurrent directioD from the top to the bottom of the vessel 12 and hence, as shown, through the conduit means 10, valve 34, pipe 30, vessel 28, pipe 32 and valve 36 to atmosphere.
Product quality gas is then used to backfill the bed of material within the vessel 12 to the PSA discharge pressure.
Any heat generated by the compression of the oxygen at the upper end of the vessel 12 is removed by the cooler 40.
The cycle of operations is then repeated with the oxygen being generated within vessel 6 of the PSA plant 2.
Referring now to Figure 2 where the same reference numerals indicate the same features referred to in Figure 1. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2 the vessel ~8 is absent and a layer of desiccant 7 is located within the vessel 12 adjacent its lower (as shown) end. Furthermore, conduit means 42 extends from the lower end of the vessel 12 and connects with the line 8. Thus, high pressure air purged from the vessel 12 can be used as . ~
par~ of the feed air to the PSA plant 2.
Although, in the two embodiments described above, the source of oxygen under pressure is an oxygen PSA plant; the source of oxygen under pressure could be, for example, oxygen from a cryogenic air separation unit.
Claims (14)
1. A method of compressing oxygen comprising the steps of:-a) passing a predetermined quantity of oxygen at a given pressure into a bed of material;
b) compressing a driving gas to a pressure greater than the given pressure of oxygen; and subsequently c) passing the driving gas into the bed of material which creates a plug flow effect such that the driving gas compresses the oxygen therein to a preselected pressure substantially without back-mixing.
b) compressing a driving gas to a pressure greater than the given pressure of oxygen; and subsequently c) passing the driving gas into the bed of material which creates a plug flow effect such that the driving gas compresses the oxygen therein to a preselected pressure substantially without back-mixing.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, in which the oxygen, after compression, is cooled and passed to an oxygen product receiver.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 2, in which after a predetermined time the passage of the driving gas through the bed of material is stopped and oxygen from the product receiver is used as a purge gas to drive the driving gas from the bed.
4. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 1, 2 or 3, in which the driving gas is air which before passage through the bed is passed through a desiccant.
5. A method as claimed in Claim 4, in which the oxygen is produced in a pressure swing adsorption plant, and after compressing the oxygen, the air is returned to form at least a part of a feed gas mixture for the pressure swing adsorption plant.
6. Apparatus for compressing oxygen characterised by a source of oxygen under pressure, conduit means for the passage of the oxygen under pressure to a vessel containing a bed of material which creates a plug flow effect when a gas is passed therethrough, means for compressing a driving gas to a pressure greater than the oxygen pressure and conduit means for the passage of the driving gas towards the vessel the arrangement being such that the driving gas on passage through the vessel compresses the oxygen substantially without back-mixing.
7. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 6, in which the bed of material comprises non-adsorbent finely divided particles.
8. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 6, in which the bed of material comprises non-adsorbent multiple layers of mesh.
9. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 6, in which the bed of material comprises a non-adsorbent block of sintered material.
10. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claim 6 to 9, in which means is provided for cooling the vessel.
11. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 6 to 10, in which the source of oxygen is a pressure swing adsorption plant.
12. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 11, in which the driving gas is air and a desiccant layer is located between the compressing means and the bed of material.
13. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 12, in which the desiccant layer is located within the vessel.
14. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 11, 12 or 13, in which pipe means extends between the vessel and the feed gas mixture inlet for the PSA
plant for the passage therethrough of air driven from the vessel during a purging operation.
plant for the passage therethrough of air driven from the vessel during a purging operation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9124156.2 | 1991-11-14 | ||
| GB919124156A GB9124156D0 (en) | 1991-11-14 | 1991-11-14 | Compressing oxygen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2082101A1 true CA2082101A1 (en) | 1993-05-15 |
Family
ID=10704595
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002082101A Abandoned CA2082101A1 (en) | 1991-11-14 | 1992-11-04 | Compressing oxygen |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5248320A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0542434A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06233911A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR930010375A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1072611A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU651736B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2082101A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9124156D0 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA928235B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5354361A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1994-10-11 | Litton Industries, Inc. | Energy recovering pressure balance scheme for a combination pressure swing absorber with a boost compressor |
| FR2755875B1 (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1999-01-29 | Air Liquide | PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR SEPARATION OF GAS MIXTURES BY ADSORPTION AT VARIATION OF PRESSURE |
| US5858062A (en) * | 1997-02-10 | 1999-01-12 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Oxygen concentrator |
| US5979440A (en) | 1997-06-16 | 1999-11-09 | Sequal Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatus to generate liquid ambulatory oxygen from an oxygen concentrator |
| US5988165A (en) | 1997-10-01 | 1999-11-23 | Invacare Corporation | Apparatus and method for forming oxygen-enriched gas and compression thereof for high-pressure mobile storage utilization |
| US7204249B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2007-04-17 | Invcare Corporation | Oxygen conserving device utilizing a radial multi-stage compressor for high-pressure mobile storage |
| US6904913B2 (en) * | 2002-10-24 | 2005-06-14 | Acoba, Llc | Method and system for delivery of therapeutic gas to a patient and for filling a cylinder |
| US7900627B2 (en) | 2005-01-18 | 2011-03-08 | Respironics, Inc. | Trans-fill method and system |
| US8062003B2 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2011-11-22 | Invacare Corporation | System and method for providing oxygen |
| US7556670B2 (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2009-07-07 | Aylsworth Alonzo C | Method and system of coordinating an intensifier and sieve beds |
| US7459008B2 (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2008-12-02 | Aylsworth Alonzo C | Method and system of operating a trans-fill device |
| CN104220748B (en) | 2012-02-03 | 2017-06-06 | 英瓦卡尔公司 | Pumping installations |
| US9945370B2 (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2018-04-17 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Gas compression system and method of compressing gas using the gas compression system |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE234466C (en) * | ||||
| BE601007A (en) * | 1960-03-09 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| GB1150952A (en) * | 1965-07-09 | 1969-05-07 | Roman Stoklosinski | The production of Oxygen-Enriched Air |
| US3486297A (en) * | 1967-10-06 | 1969-12-30 | Exxon Production Research Co | Liquid and gas pumping unit |
| GB1529701A (en) * | 1975-01-02 | 1978-10-25 | Boc International Ltd | Oxygen enriched air |
| GB1594454A (en) * | 1976-12-23 | 1981-07-30 | Boc Ltd | Gas separation |
| FR2442983A1 (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1980-06-27 | Orszagos Koolaj Gazipari | Low-pressure natural gas compression - by utilising high-pressure natural gas energy in swirling flow injectors |
| US4552571A (en) * | 1984-04-05 | 1985-11-12 | Vbm Corporation | Oxygen generator with two compressor stages |
| DD234466A1 (en) * | 1985-02-05 | 1986-04-02 | Inst Energetik Zre Leipzig | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BRUED COMPACTION |
| US4636226A (en) * | 1985-08-26 | 1987-01-13 | Vbm Corporation | High pressure oxygen production system |
| US4673415A (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1987-06-16 | Vbm Corporation | Oxygen production system with two stage oxygen pressurization |
| US4698075A (en) * | 1986-06-05 | 1987-10-06 | International Oxygen Company, Inc. | Control system for fluid absorption systems and the like |
| FR2647431B1 (en) * | 1989-05-24 | 1991-08-16 | Air Liquide | PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-PRESSURE GASEOUS OXYGEN |
| US5071453A (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1991-12-10 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Oxygen concentrator with pressure booster and oxygen concentration monitoring |
| US5114441A (en) * | 1990-11-02 | 1992-05-19 | Ryder International Corporation | Oxygen concentrator system and valve structure |
-
1991
- 1991-11-14 GB GB919124156A patent/GB9124156D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-10-12 AU AU26364/92A patent/AU651736B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-10-19 EP EP92309511A patent/EP0542434A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-10-23 ZA ZA928235A patent/ZA928235B/en unknown
- 1992-11-04 CA CA002082101A patent/CA2082101A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-11-05 JP JP4295707A patent/JPH06233911A/en active Pending
- 1992-11-12 US US07/975,299 patent/US5248320A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-13 KR KR1019920021393A patent/KR930010375A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-11-14 CN CN92113278A patent/CN1072611A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA928235B (en) | 1993-05-14 |
| EP0542434A1 (en) | 1993-05-19 |
| CN1072611A (en) | 1993-06-02 |
| AU651736B2 (en) | 1994-07-28 |
| GB9124156D0 (en) | 1992-01-08 |
| AU2636492A (en) | 1993-05-20 |
| KR930010375A (en) | 1993-06-22 |
| US5248320A (en) | 1993-09-28 |
| JPH06233911A (en) | 1994-08-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |