CA2089697C - Polyaluminumchlorosulfates and preparation and uses thereof - Google Patents
Polyaluminumchlorosulfates and preparation and uses thereofInfo
- Publication number
- CA2089697C CA2089697C CA002089697A CA2089697A CA2089697C CA 2089697 C CA2089697 C CA 2089697C CA 002089697 A CA002089697 A CA 002089697A CA 2089697 A CA2089697 A CA 2089697A CA 2089697 C CA2089697 C CA 2089697C
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- Prior art keywords
- polyaluminumchlorosulfate
- formula
- alkaline
- basicity
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/68—Aluminium compounds containing sulfur
- C01F7/74—Sulfates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/06—Paper forming aids
- D21H21/10—Retention agents or drainage improvers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/78—Compounds containing aluminium and two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen and hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
- C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/90—Other properties not specified above
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
Abstract
The invention relates to high basicity water-soluble polyaluminumchlorosulfate, having the formula:
A1(OH)aC1b(SO4)cMdNe in which M is an alkaline-earth metal; N is an alkaline metal;
a, b, c, d and e are numbers such that:
1.95<a<2.4;0<c<0.15;0<d<0.16;0<e<1.7;a+b+2c=3+2d+e;
said polyaluminumchlorosulfate yielding a content of polymeric aluminum A113 of at least 1 mol % where said polyaluminum chlorosulfate is dissolved in water to form a solution which has an aluminum concentration of 0,01 M, and said polyalumi-numchlorosulfate having a basicity higher than 65%.
A1(OH)aC1b(SO4)cMdNe in which M is an alkaline-earth metal; N is an alkaline metal;
a, b, c, d and e are numbers such that:
1.95<a<2.4;0<c<0.15;0<d<0.16;0<e<1.7;a+b+2c=3+2d+e;
said polyaluminumchlorosulfate yielding a content of polymeric aluminum A113 of at least 1 mol % where said polyaluminum chlorosulfate is dissolved in water to form a solution which has an aluminum concentration of 0,01 M, and said polyalumi-numchlorosulfate having a basicity higher than 65%.
Description
20~9~97 NEW POLYALUMINUMCHLOROSULFATES AND PREPARATION
AND USES THEREOF
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to high basicity poly-aluminumchlorosulfates and their preparation process, and to the application of such polyaluminumchlorosulfates to the treatment of drinking water, aqueous effluents, and in the papermaking industry.
Polyaluminumchlorosulfates are widely used in industry, notably the papermaking industry and in the treatment of waste water and water intended for drinking, because of their elevated coagulating and floculating ability. The perfor-mance and applications of these polyaluminumchlorosulfates is of course a function of their main characteristics. For the treatment of water intended for drinking, high basicity is required; for effective floculation, a high sulfate content is required; and for all applications, the compounds need to be stable.
Polyaluminumchlorosulfates the formula of which is AlnOHm(S04)kCl3n m 2k have a relatively high basicity, which can reach 65%. These products, described in FR-A-2 584 699, nevertheless suffer from the major disadvantage of leading to the production of gypsum as a by-product during their manu-facture, the discharge of which presents environmental prob-lems.
JP-52 113,384 describes and claims a process for pro-ducing high basicity polyaluminumchlorosulfates by adding, at a temperature less than 60C, an alkaline agent such as CaC03, NaHC03, Na2C03, Mg(OH)2 or MgO to a solution of a *
AND USES THEREOF
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to high basicity poly-aluminumchlorosulfates and their preparation process, and to the application of such polyaluminumchlorosulfates to the treatment of drinking water, aqueous effluents, and in the papermaking industry.
Polyaluminumchlorosulfates are widely used in industry, notably the papermaking industry and in the treatment of waste water and water intended for drinking, because of their elevated coagulating and floculating ability. The perfor-mance and applications of these polyaluminumchlorosulfates is of course a function of their main characteristics. For the treatment of water intended for drinking, high basicity is required; for effective floculation, a high sulfate content is required; and for all applications, the compounds need to be stable.
Polyaluminumchlorosulfates the formula of which is AlnOHm(S04)kCl3n m 2k have a relatively high basicity, which can reach 65%. These products, described in FR-A-2 584 699, nevertheless suffer from the major disadvantage of leading to the production of gypsum as a by-product during their manu-facture, the discharge of which presents environmental prob-lems.
JP-52 113,384 describes and claims a process for pro-ducing high basicity polyaluminumchlorosulfates by adding, at a temperature less than 60C, an alkaline agent such as CaC03, NaHC03, Na2C03, Mg(OH)2 or MgO to a solution of a *
2 20~9697 polyaluminum compound previously obtained by reacting a low basicity polyaluminumchlorosulfate with CaC03, leading to the production of gypsum which is separated out, the basicity of this intermediate polyaluminum compound being 50.
JP-53 001,699 describes and claims a process for pro-ducing high basicity polyaluminumchlorosulfate in which, in a first stage, a medium basicity polyaluminumchlorosulfate is reacted with an equimolar, based on the sulfate, amount of CaC03, leading to the production of gypsum which is separated out, after which, in a second stage, the product from the preceding stage having a basicity comprised between 55 and 58, is reacted with a compound selected from the group com-prising: CaC03, NaHC03, Na2C03, Mg(OH)2 and MgO-Nevertheless, the basicity of the polyaluminumchloro-sulfates according to these two Japanese documents above isless than 70% and hence, in certain applications, is not sufficiently high. Moreover, these compounds have poor sta-bility. One major disadvantage that these compounds suffer from is the production of gypsum the discharge of which presents an environmental problem, as mentioned previously.
FR-A-2 317,227 describes and claims a process for pro-ducing, at a temperature less than 50C, aluminum hydroxy-chlorides of general formula:
Al(oH)aclbyc/zlMd/z2 in which:
Y is an anion of valency zl, typically S042 ;
M is a cation of valency z2, such as ammonium, an alka-line or alkaline-earth metal; and 1.2 < a < 1.7;
O < c < 0.6;
0.2 < d < 1.7; and a + b + c = 3 + d.
However, in this patent it is stated that even though the use of alkaline-earth metals is possible, the danger of precipi-tates appearing does exist, leading to poor stability.
208~697 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
None of the above documents describes or suggests the present invention which provides polyaluminumchlorosulfates having improved characteristics, notably as regards elimi-nating turbidity or cloudiness, floculation ability, residual aluminum content, stability, and which do not give rise to waste products during manufacture, all these advantages being obtained simultaneously.
The present invention hence provides a high basicity water-soluble polyaluminumchlorosulfate, having the formula:
Al(OH)aclb(s04)cMdNe in which:
M is an alkaline-earth metal;
N is an alkaline metal;
a, b, c, d and e are numbers such that:
1.95<a<2.4;0<c<0.15;0<d<0.16;0<e<1.7;a+b+2c=3+2d~e;
said polyaluminumchlorosulfate yielding a content of polymeric aluminum A113 of at least 1 mol % where said polyaluminum chlorosulfate is dissolved in water to form a solution which has an aluminum concentration of 0,01 M, and said polyalumi-numchlorosulfate having a basicity higher than 65%.
The numbers a, b, c, d and e are such that the improved properties, such as basicity and stability specific to the novel polychlorosulfates according to the invention, are obtained.
The alkaline-earth metal M is, for example, magnesium or calcium. Preferably M is calcium. The alkaline metal N
is, for example, sodium or potassium. Preferably, N is so-dium.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the poly-aluminumchlorosulfate is of the formula:
3a Al(OH)aclb(s04)cMdNe in which:
2.05 ~ a c 2.25; 0.04 < c < 0.06;
0.1 < d < 0.13; 0.4 < e < 0.8.
The basicity of the present polyaluminumchlorosulfates ls very high: according to an embodimen /
ff~ .
invention, the basicity is higher than 67%, preferably higher than 72%.
The particular form under which the aluminum exists, i.e. A113, can be noticed through Al NMR analysis, under the operating conditions given in the following examples.
Pouillot and al., January 1992, conference in Hong-Kong, "High Basicity Polymeric Aluminum Salts for Drinking Water Production", discloses the occurrence of this particular form A113, and teaches the link between the presence of A113 and the excellent properties of the product. There is however neither mention of the compounds according to the present invention, nor quantitative values regarding A113.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the content of aluminum as A113 is higher than 1 mol% for an Al concentration of 0.06M, and/or higher than 3 mol% for an Al concentration of O.OlM.
The presence of A113 allows the polyaluminumchloro-sulfates according to the present invention to be endowed with excellent properties, such as stability for at least 1 month at 45C.
The preparation of these novel polyaluminumchloro-sulfates is made possible by the process as provided by the present invention.
Thus, the invention provides a process for preparing a high basicity water-soluble polyaluminumchlorosulfate, having a content of aluminum as A113 of at least 1 mol%, the alumi-num concentration being 0.01%, and having the formula:
Al(OH)aclb(so4)cMd e in which:
M is an alkaline-earth metal;
N is an alkaline metal;
a, b, c, d and e are numbers such that:
1.95 < a < 2.4; 0 < c < 0.15; 0 < d < 0.16;
0 < e < 1.7; a + b + 2c = 3 + 2d + e;
comprising reacting, at a temperature of 50 to 70 C an alkaline-earth metal compound M and an alkaline metal com-pound N with an polyaluminumchlorosulfate of formula:
Al(OH)alclbl (S4)c' in which:
1 < a' < 1.95; 0 < c' < 0.15;
a' + b' + 2 c' = 3;
in the following proportion, calculated in molecular equiva-lents:
O < M/Al < 0.16 and O < N/Al < 1.7.
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature is comprised between 60 and 65C.
The expression "alkaline-earth metal compound" refers to any derivative having a basic nature of said metal, par-ticularly an oxide, hydroxide and (bi)carbonate.
Preferably, the alkaline-earth metal compound is a calcium compound, advantageously Ca(OH)2 and/or CaC03.
The expression "alkaline metal compound" refers to any de-rivative, having a basic nature, of said metal, particularly an oxide, hydroxide and (bi)carbonate.
Preferably, the alkaline metal compound is a sodium compound, advantageously Na2C03.
The expression "calculated as molar equivalent" means that all ratios are expressed in moles, reduced to the metal form.
In a preferred embodiment, the numbers a' and c', and the proportions M/A1 and N/A1 are respectively comprised in the ranges:
1.1 < a' < 1.4; 0.04 < c' < 0.06; and 0.1 < M/Al < 0.13 and 0.4 < N/Al < 0.8.
The polyaluminumchlorosulfate used as a starting ma-terial can be any polyaluminumchlorosulfate that corresponds to the above formula Al(OH)a,Clb,(S04)c,, in other words of low to medium basicity, typically of the order of 40 to 50% .
One preferred polyaluminumchlorosulfate is that one which is obtained by the process that comprises reacting basic aluminum chloride with basic aluminium sulfate, both previously heated, at a temperature comprised between 80 and 120C, the relative proportions of the constituents being chosen whereby polyaluminumchlorosulfate of the above-mentioned formula Al(OH)a,Clb,(S04)c, is obtained.
This process is described in detail in FR-A-2 534 897, Another preferred polyaluminumchlorosulfate is obtained by the process that comprises reacting basic aluminum chlo-ride with sulfuric acid at a temperature comprised between 60 and 120C, the relative proportions of the constituents being chosen whereby polyaluminumchlorosulfate of the formula Al(OH)a,Clb,(S04)c, above is obtained.
This process is described in detail in FR-A-2 036 685.
The polyaluminumchlorosulfates according to the present invention are useful in numerous areas, such as those cited in the introduction to this specification. Thus, the present invention also covers the applications of the present poly-aluminumchlorosulfates, notably in the treatment of water for drinking, and of aqueous effluent, as well as in the paper-making industry.
In current applications, various problems used in fact to arise, resulting from the manufacturing process. To eli-minate cloudiness, which is direGtly linked to coagulation-floculation, it is necessary to use a high sulfate content,and a low temperature for conversion to the base form, typi-cally less than 40C. Treatment of water intended for drink-ing requires a low residual aluminum content, and this im-plies high basicity and a consequently high temperature for conversion to the base form, typically higher than 70C.
There is hence incompatibility between the characteristics for the two applications, regarding the influence of temper-ature. Moreover, an polyaluminumchlorosulfate having a high sulfate content and obtained at a high temperature for con-version to the base form is subject to gelling or precipita-tion; it consequently does not have sufficient stability ,~
over time, as required in order to store it. Up until now, improvement in one characteristic was obtained at the expense of deterioration of other characteristics. The present in-vention hence enables the disadvantages of the prior art to be overcome, and offers numerous advantages which will become clear from the description and examples which follow.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND EXAMPLES.
a) Preparation of polyaluminumchlorosulfate starting material Synthesis of the basic aluminum chloride is carried out in a 4 litre autoclave, stirred at a controlled speed and heated by circulating a heat-transfer fluid inside the double-walled casing. The reactor is additionally fitted with a manometer, a thermometric jacket, a vent and a disc able to rupture under excess pressure.
Operating conditions of the reaction and conversion to basic form comprise a temperature of 140C and a pressure of 2 bars, for respective durations of 4 and 3.5 hours. The basic aluminum sulfate is synthesized in a 1 litre glass reactor, stirred at a controlled speed and heated by circulation of a heat-carrying fluid in the double-walled casing; the reactor is fitted with a thermometric jacket, a cooled vent and a reagent introduction point. The reaction stage is carried out at a temperature of about 110C and under atmospheric pressure, for a duration of 2 hours.
The above two suspensions are mixed in a 5 liter glass reactor with stirring, for 20 minutes at 100C. The resulting suspension is filtered under a pressure of 3 bars in order to remove excess alumina.
The polyaluminumchlorosulfate obtained has the fol-lowing formula:
Al(OH)l 23C11 65(S4)0.06 of basicity B of about 40%.
b) Preparation of high basicity polyaluminumchlorosulfate according to the invention 1 kg of polyaluminumchlorosulfate prepared previously with an alumina content of 10.5% is introduced into a double-walled 1 litre reactor fitted with a stirring device and counter-blade. The reactor temperature is controlled by circulating water through a thermostatic bath in the double casing. The temperature is brought to 60C. 20 g of Ca(OH)2 are added and the suspension was stirred for 30 minutes. Following this, 85 g of Na2CO3 are slowly added over a 30 minute period. The suspension is then stirred for a total of 1 hour, at a temperature of 60C. The suspension containing only a small amount of solid is finally filtered.
Its final composition, by weight, is as follows:
2 3 ' approx. 9.69%
Ca ..................... " 1.03%
Na ..................... " 3.40%
Cl ..................... " 11.41%
SO4 .................... " 1.15%
basicity ............... " 74.38%
meaning that the final polyaluminumchlorosulfate has the formula below:
( )2.23Cll 69(so4)0 06Ca0 13Na0 7 The procedure in example 1 is repeated, except for the fact that the mixing temperature of the alkaline-earth and alkaline metal compounds and the polyaluminumchlorosulfate is 70C.
The final product has the following composition, by weight:
A12O3 ......... ,,, approx. 9.64%
Ca ............ ........." 1.0%
Na ............ ........." 3.3%
Cl ............ ........." 11.47%
SO4 .................... " 1.12%
basicity ............... " 73.04%
meaning that the final polyaluminumchlorosulfate has the formula below:
( )2.lgCll.7l(s4)0 06CaO 13NaO
EXAMPLE 3 (comparative example) The procedure in example 2 is repeated except for the fact that 50 g of Na2C03 are introduced, instead of 85 g.
The composition of the final product is, by weight:
2 3 ----------- approx. 10.0%
Ca ..................... " 1.06%
Na ..................... " 1.42%
Cl ..................... " 11.47~
S04 .. ,,,,,............ .. 1.15%
basicity ............... " 60.7%
meaning that the final polyaluminumchlorosulfate has the formula below:
( )1,80cll~65(so4)o 06Ca0 13NaO
The procedure in example 1 is repeated except that 27 g of CaC03 are added instead of 20 g of Ca(OH)2.
The composition of the final product is, by weight:
2 3 '''' ' approx. 9.90%
Ca ..................... " 1.06%
Na ..................... " 3.21%
Cl ..................... " 11.81%
S04 .................... " 1.22%
basicity ............... " 71.6%
meaning that the final polyaluminumchlorosulfate has the formula below:
( )2.l5Cll.71(S4)0 07CaO l4NaO
EXAMPLE 5 (comparative example) The procedure in example 4 is repeated, except for the fact that the mixing temperature of the alkaline-earth and alkaline metals is 40C.
The composition of the final product is, by weight:
2 3 ----------- approx. 9.34%
Ca ..................... " 0.93%
Na ..................... " 3.40%
Cl ..................... " 11.25%
S04 .................... ~ 1.12%
basicity ............... " 73.67%
meaning that the final polyaluminumchlorosulfate has the formula below:
( )2.21 1.73( 4)0.065 0.13 0.81 The starting polyaluminumchlorosulfate material was obtained as described in example 1, except for the fact that the basic aluminum sulfate was replaced by 60% sulphuric acid, added at a temperature comprised between 50C and 120C.
The polyaluminumchlorosulfate obtained had the fol-lowing formula:
Al(oH)l 12C11 76(S04)0.06 Preparation of the product according to the invention is carried out starting from 1 kg of the polyaluminumchloro-sulfate prepared above, having an alumina content of 9%.
The procedure in example 1 is repeated except that 17 g of Ca(OH)2 instead of 20 g is added, and 62 g of Na2C03 is added instead of 85 g.
The composition of the final product is, by weight:
2 3 ----------- approx. 8.43%
Ca ..................... " 0.88%
Na ..................... " 2.49%
Cl ..................... " 10.34%
S04 .................... " 0.92%
basicity ............... " 68%
meaning that the final polyaluminumchlorosulfate has the formula below:
( )2.03cll.76(so4)o 06CaO 13NaO 6 EXAMPLE 7 (control) The polyaluminumchlorosulfate employed in this example is a product prepared according to the process used in the second preparation of FR 2 036 685. Its composition is, by weight:
2 3 ''' approx. 10.2%
Ca ................... " 0.47%
Cl ................... " 9.10%
S04 .,,,,,,,,,,,,, .. 2.30%
basicity ............. " 53.35%
Its formula is:
Al(OH)1 6Cl1 28(S4)0.12 0.06 Tests are carried out on the practical application of these products, providing the results given in the table.
Elimination of turbidity (residual NTU) is represen-tative of the effectiveness of floculation. The test is carried out using water from the river Seine at a pH of 8.50 to 8.69, at 21C. The results are given as percentage im-provement over the control (*).
The residual aluminum contents are expressed in ppb (,ug/l) as percentage improvement over the control (*).
Stability is estimated visually.
Elimination of Example turbidity * residual No. Basicity (residual NTU) Al * Stability 1 74.38 -24% -41%1 month at 45C
2 73.04 0 -71%1 month at 45C
3 60.7 +51.5% -27.5%1 day 4 74.6 + 7% -40%1 month at 45C
73.67 +54% -20% gelled 6 68.0 -32% -45%1 month at 45C
7 53.35 0 01 month at 45C
The results show that the product prepared in examples ` - 2089697 3 and 5, which are not part of the invention because of their too low basicity (example 3 - 65%) or a too low reaction temperature (example 5 - 40~C), are much less effective as regards their application properties listed in the table, and are less stable.
A polyaluminumchlorosulfate is prepared as follows.
Sulfuric acid is made to react with basic aluminum chloride, such as obtained in example 1, step a), at a temperature comprised between 60 and 120C, in order to obtain a suitable starting polyaluminumchlorosulfate. This latter is treated similarly to example 1, step b).
Its final composition is, by weight:
2 3 ''' '''''''' approx. 7.73%
Ca .................. approx. 0. 8%
Na .................. approx. 2.23%
Cl .................. approx. 9.4 S04 ................. env. 0. 86%
basicity ............ env. 67.7%
meaning that the final polyaluminumchlorosulfate has the formula below:
Al(OH)2,03 C~,7s ( 4)0,06 0,13 0,64 This aluminum salt is designated as S 23.
EXAMPLES 9, 10 et 11 The procedure in example 1 is repeated and, by adjust-ing the amounts of the starting compounds, one obtains the following polyaluminumchlorosulfates, referred to by their reference:
- ZPC l9C
. final composition by weight:
2 3 '''''''''''' approx. 10.3%
Ca .................. approx. 1.05%
Na .................. approx. 3.45%
Cl .................. approx. 12%
S04 ................. approx. 1.19%
basicity ............ approx. 74.5%
~ ~, .~ .
. formula:
Al(H)2 21C11 67(S4)0 06CaO 13NaO 74 . final composition by weight:
2 3 ''''''''''' approx. 9.02%
Ca .......... ........approx. 0.96%
Na .......... ........approx. 3.05%
Cl .......... ........approx. 10~
S04 ......... ........approx. 1.04%
basicity .... ........approx. 75.3%
. formula:
Al(OH)2 32C11 sg(S04)0.06Cao.l4 0.75 . final composition by weight:
A1203 ....... ........approx. 10.1%
Ca .......... ........approx. 1.07%
Na .......... ........approx. 3.35%
Cl .......... ........approx. 12%
S04 ......... ........approx. 1.21%
basicity .... ........approx. 73.7 . formula:
Al(OH)2 26C11 71(S4)0 06CaO 13NaO 73 An analysis is carried out, to determine the content of aluminum A113. The analysis is carried out using A127 NMR, i.e. by seeking acquisition parameters and determining the 90 pulse. The operating conditions are the following:
. Reference solution... AlC13 0.5M
. tuning: 9966.5 ........ probe tuning . matching: 970 ......... probe tuning . SF: 52.147 MHz ........ resonant frequency for Al . SW: 15625 Hz .......... observed frequency range corresponding to range 150 to -150 ppm on the basis of AlC13 (O ppm) . Ql: 1361 Hz ........... carrier frequency . SI = TD = 8K ........... FID and spectra size (in Kwords) . QN = AP ................ type of detection . PW = 11 ,us ............ pulse duration (PW 90 = 13) . RD = 1 s ............... interval between pulses The results are summarized in the table below.
EXAMPLE 12 (comparison) The product according to this example is a commercially available product, WAC HB~ PB (from Elf Atochem S.A.). Its composition is the following, by weight:
Al203 ............... .....approx. 8.48%
Ca .................. .....approx. 1.2%
Na .................. .....approx. 0.013%
Cl .................. .....approx. 6.1%
S04 ................. .....approx. 1.44%
basicité ............ .....approx. 71.7%
This product is the one which was the subject of a test, as depicted in Pouillot and al., p. 20-21. In this article, there is mention of the presence of the All3 form with strong dilution of the WAC HB~, i.e. a very low Al concentration. This article establishes the link between the presence of Al13 and the useful properties of this product.
This product WAC HB~ has a Al13 content of 3.4 mol% for an Al concentration of 0.012M, after a duration of ageing of 8 days. However, for Al concentrations of O.OlM without ageing and 0.06M, no trace of All3 can be detected.
Molar proportion of Al in All3 form as a function of Al concentration E~. Product Undlluted1/5 Dilution 1/10 Dilution 1/25 Dilution l/125 Dilution l.5M Al 0.3M Al O.lSM Al 0.06M Al 0.012M Al 8 S23 (1 month*) N.D. N.D. < 1% 1.4% 3.2%
~3 S23 (6 month~) N.D. < 1% 1.7% 1.6% 3.2X
9 ZPC l9C N.D. < 1%N.A. 2.2% N.A.
35lo zPc 203 N.D. < 1%1.1% 3.1% 3%
11 ZPC 21C N.D. N.A. N.A. 1.2% N.A.
N.A. = not analysed N.D. - not tetermined ~ ~ duration of ageing
JP-53 001,699 describes and claims a process for pro-ducing high basicity polyaluminumchlorosulfate in which, in a first stage, a medium basicity polyaluminumchlorosulfate is reacted with an equimolar, based on the sulfate, amount of CaC03, leading to the production of gypsum which is separated out, after which, in a second stage, the product from the preceding stage having a basicity comprised between 55 and 58, is reacted with a compound selected from the group com-prising: CaC03, NaHC03, Na2C03, Mg(OH)2 and MgO-Nevertheless, the basicity of the polyaluminumchloro-sulfates according to these two Japanese documents above isless than 70% and hence, in certain applications, is not sufficiently high. Moreover, these compounds have poor sta-bility. One major disadvantage that these compounds suffer from is the production of gypsum the discharge of which presents an environmental problem, as mentioned previously.
FR-A-2 317,227 describes and claims a process for pro-ducing, at a temperature less than 50C, aluminum hydroxy-chlorides of general formula:
Al(oH)aclbyc/zlMd/z2 in which:
Y is an anion of valency zl, typically S042 ;
M is a cation of valency z2, such as ammonium, an alka-line or alkaline-earth metal; and 1.2 < a < 1.7;
O < c < 0.6;
0.2 < d < 1.7; and a + b + c = 3 + d.
However, in this patent it is stated that even though the use of alkaline-earth metals is possible, the danger of precipi-tates appearing does exist, leading to poor stability.
208~697 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
None of the above documents describes or suggests the present invention which provides polyaluminumchlorosulfates having improved characteristics, notably as regards elimi-nating turbidity or cloudiness, floculation ability, residual aluminum content, stability, and which do not give rise to waste products during manufacture, all these advantages being obtained simultaneously.
The present invention hence provides a high basicity water-soluble polyaluminumchlorosulfate, having the formula:
Al(OH)aclb(s04)cMdNe in which:
M is an alkaline-earth metal;
N is an alkaline metal;
a, b, c, d and e are numbers such that:
1.95<a<2.4;0<c<0.15;0<d<0.16;0<e<1.7;a+b+2c=3+2d~e;
said polyaluminumchlorosulfate yielding a content of polymeric aluminum A113 of at least 1 mol % where said polyaluminum chlorosulfate is dissolved in water to form a solution which has an aluminum concentration of 0,01 M, and said polyalumi-numchlorosulfate having a basicity higher than 65%.
The numbers a, b, c, d and e are such that the improved properties, such as basicity and stability specific to the novel polychlorosulfates according to the invention, are obtained.
The alkaline-earth metal M is, for example, magnesium or calcium. Preferably M is calcium. The alkaline metal N
is, for example, sodium or potassium. Preferably, N is so-dium.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the poly-aluminumchlorosulfate is of the formula:
3a Al(OH)aclb(s04)cMdNe in which:
2.05 ~ a c 2.25; 0.04 < c < 0.06;
0.1 < d < 0.13; 0.4 < e < 0.8.
The basicity of the present polyaluminumchlorosulfates ls very high: according to an embodimen /
ff~ .
invention, the basicity is higher than 67%, preferably higher than 72%.
The particular form under which the aluminum exists, i.e. A113, can be noticed through Al NMR analysis, under the operating conditions given in the following examples.
Pouillot and al., January 1992, conference in Hong-Kong, "High Basicity Polymeric Aluminum Salts for Drinking Water Production", discloses the occurrence of this particular form A113, and teaches the link between the presence of A113 and the excellent properties of the product. There is however neither mention of the compounds according to the present invention, nor quantitative values regarding A113.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the content of aluminum as A113 is higher than 1 mol% for an Al concentration of 0.06M, and/or higher than 3 mol% for an Al concentration of O.OlM.
The presence of A113 allows the polyaluminumchloro-sulfates according to the present invention to be endowed with excellent properties, such as stability for at least 1 month at 45C.
The preparation of these novel polyaluminumchloro-sulfates is made possible by the process as provided by the present invention.
Thus, the invention provides a process for preparing a high basicity water-soluble polyaluminumchlorosulfate, having a content of aluminum as A113 of at least 1 mol%, the alumi-num concentration being 0.01%, and having the formula:
Al(OH)aclb(so4)cMd e in which:
M is an alkaline-earth metal;
N is an alkaline metal;
a, b, c, d and e are numbers such that:
1.95 < a < 2.4; 0 < c < 0.15; 0 < d < 0.16;
0 < e < 1.7; a + b + 2c = 3 + 2d + e;
comprising reacting, at a temperature of 50 to 70 C an alkaline-earth metal compound M and an alkaline metal com-pound N with an polyaluminumchlorosulfate of formula:
Al(OH)alclbl (S4)c' in which:
1 < a' < 1.95; 0 < c' < 0.15;
a' + b' + 2 c' = 3;
in the following proportion, calculated in molecular equiva-lents:
O < M/Al < 0.16 and O < N/Al < 1.7.
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature is comprised between 60 and 65C.
The expression "alkaline-earth metal compound" refers to any derivative having a basic nature of said metal, par-ticularly an oxide, hydroxide and (bi)carbonate.
Preferably, the alkaline-earth metal compound is a calcium compound, advantageously Ca(OH)2 and/or CaC03.
The expression "alkaline metal compound" refers to any de-rivative, having a basic nature, of said metal, particularly an oxide, hydroxide and (bi)carbonate.
Preferably, the alkaline metal compound is a sodium compound, advantageously Na2C03.
The expression "calculated as molar equivalent" means that all ratios are expressed in moles, reduced to the metal form.
In a preferred embodiment, the numbers a' and c', and the proportions M/A1 and N/A1 are respectively comprised in the ranges:
1.1 < a' < 1.4; 0.04 < c' < 0.06; and 0.1 < M/Al < 0.13 and 0.4 < N/Al < 0.8.
The polyaluminumchlorosulfate used as a starting ma-terial can be any polyaluminumchlorosulfate that corresponds to the above formula Al(OH)a,Clb,(S04)c,, in other words of low to medium basicity, typically of the order of 40 to 50% .
One preferred polyaluminumchlorosulfate is that one which is obtained by the process that comprises reacting basic aluminum chloride with basic aluminium sulfate, both previously heated, at a temperature comprised between 80 and 120C, the relative proportions of the constituents being chosen whereby polyaluminumchlorosulfate of the above-mentioned formula Al(OH)a,Clb,(S04)c, is obtained.
This process is described in detail in FR-A-2 534 897, Another preferred polyaluminumchlorosulfate is obtained by the process that comprises reacting basic aluminum chlo-ride with sulfuric acid at a temperature comprised between 60 and 120C, the relative proportions of the constituents being chosen whereby polyaluminumchlorosulfate of the formula Al(OH)a,Clb,(S04)c, above is obtained.
This process is described in detail in FR-A-2 036 685.
The polyaluminumchlorosulfates according to the present invention are useful in numerous areas, such as those cited in the introduction to this specification. Thus, the present invention also covers the applications of the present poly-aluminumchlorosulfates, notably in the treatment of water for drinking, and of aqueous effluent, as well as in the paper-making industry.
In current applications, various problems used in fact to arise, resulting from the manufacturing process. To eli-minate cloudiness, which is direGtly linked to coagulation-floculation, it is necessary to use a high sulfate content,and a low temperature for conversion to the base form, typi-cally less than 40C. Treatment of water intended for drink-ing requires a low residual aluminum content, and this im-plies high basicity and a consequently high temperature for conversion to the base form, typically higher than 70C.
There is hence incompatibility between the characteristics for the two applications, regarding the influence of temper-ature. Moreover, an polyaluminumchlorosulfate having a high sulfate content and obtained at a high temperature for con-version to the base form is subject to gelling or precipita-tion; it consequently does not have sufficient stability ,~
over time, as required in order to store it. Up until now, improvement in one characteristic was obtained at the expense of deterioration of other characteristics. The present in-vention hence enables the disadvantages of the prior art to be overcome, and offers numerous advantages which will become clear from the description and examples which follow.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND EXAMPLES.
a) Preparation of polyaluminumchlorosulfate starting material Synthesis of the basic aluminum chloride is carried out in a 4 litre autoclave, stirred at a controlled speed and heated by circulating a heat-transfer fluid inside the double-walled casing. The reactor is additionally fitted with a manometer, a thermometric jacket, a vent and a disc able to rupture under excess pressure.
Operating conditions of the reaction and conversion to basic form comprise a temperature of 140C and a pressure of 2 bars, for respective durations of 4 and 3.5 hours. The basic aluminum sulfate is synthesized in a 1 litre glass reactor, stirred at a controlled speed and heated by circulation of a heat-carrying fluid in the double-walled casing; the reactor is fitted with a thermometric jacket, a cooled vent and a reagent introduction point. The reaction stage is carried out at a temperature of about 110C and under atmospheric pressure, for a duration of 2 hours.
The above two suspensions are mixed in a 5 liter glass reactor with stirring, for 20 minutes at 100C. The resulting suspension is filtered under a pressure of 3 bars in order to remove excess alumina.
The polyaluminumchlorosulfate obtained has the fol-lowing formula:
Al(OH)l 23C11 65(S4)0.06 of basicity B of about 40%.
b) Preparation of high basicity polyaluminumchlorosulfate according to the invention 1 kg of polyaluminumchlorosulfate prepared previously with an alumina content of 10.5% is introduced into a double-walled 1 litre reactor fitted with a stirring device and counter-blade. The reactor temperature is controlled by circulating water through a thermostatic bath in the double casing. The temperature is brought to 60C. 20 g of Ca(OH)2 are added and the suspension was stirred for 30 minutes. Following this, 85 g of Na2CO3 are slowly added over a 30 minute period. The suspension is then stirred for a total of 1 hour, at a temperature of 60C. The suspension containing only a small amount of solid is finally filtered.
Its final composition, by weight, is as follows:
2 3 ' approx. 9.69%
Ca ..................... " 1.03%
Na ..................... " 3.40%
Cl ..................... " 11.41%
SO4 .................... " 1.15%
basicity ............... " 74.38%
meaning that the final polyaluminumchlorosulfate has the formula below:
( )2.23Cll 69(so4)0 06Ca0 13Na0 7 The procedure in example 1 is repeated, except for the fact that the mixing temperature of the alkaline-earth and alkaline metal compounds and the polyaluminumchlorosulfate is 70C.
The final product has the following composition, by weight:
A12O3 ......... ,,, approx. 9.64%
Ca ............ ........." 1.0%
Na ............ ........." 3.3%
Cl ............ ........." 11.47%
SO4 .................... " 1.12%
basicity ............... " 73.04%
meaning that the final polyaluminumchlorosulfate has the formula below:
( )2.lgCll.7l(s4)0 06CaO 13NaO
EXAMPLE 3 (comparative example) The procedure in example 2 is repeated except for the fact that 50 g of Na2C03 are introduced, instead of 85 g.
The composition of the final product is, by weight:
2 3 ----------- approx. 10.0%
Ca ..................... " 1.06%
Na ..................... " 1.42%
Cl ..................... " 11.47~
S04 .. ,,,,,............ .. 1.15%
basicity ............... " 60.7%
meaning that the final polyaluminumchlorosulfate has the formula below:
( )1,80cll~65(so4)o 06Ca0 13NaO
The procedure in example 1 is repeated except that 27 g of CaC03 are added instead of 20 g of Ca(OH)2.
The composition of the final product is, by weight:
2 3 '''' ' approx. 9.90%
Ca ..................... " 1.06%
Na ..................... " 3.21%
Cl ..................... " 11.81%
S04 .................... " 1.22%
basicity ............... " 71.6%
meaning that the final polyaluminumchlorosulfate has the formula below:
( )2.l5Cll.71(S4)0 07CaO l4NaO
EXAMPLE 5 (comparative example) The procedure in example 4 is repeated, except for the fact that the mixing temperature of the alkaline-earth and alkaline metals is 40C.
The composition of the final product is, by weight:
2 3 ----------- approx. 9.34%
Ca ..................... " 0.93%
Na ..................... " 3.40%
Cl ..................... " 11.25%
S04 .................... ~ 1.12%
basicity ............... " 73.67%
meaning that the final polyaluminumchlorosulfate has the formula below:
( )2.21 1.73( 4)0.065 0.13 0.81 The starting polyaluminumchlorosulfate material was obtained as described in example 1, except for the fact that the basic aluminum sulfate was replaced by 60% sulphuric acid, added at a temperature comprised between 50C and 120C.
The polyaluminumchlorosulfate obtained had the fol-lowing formula:
Al(oH)l 12C11 76(S04)0.06 Preparation of the product according to the invention is carried out starting from 1 kg of the polyaluminumchloro-sulfate prepared above, having an alumina content of 9%.
The procedure in example 1 is repeated except that 17 g of Ca(OH)2 instead of 20 g is added, and 62 g of Na2C03 is added instead of 85 g.
The composition of the final product is, by weight:
2 3 ----------- approx. 8.43%
Ca ..................... " 0.88%
Na ..................... " 2.49%
Cl ..................... " 10.34%
S04 .................... " 0.92%
basicity ............... " 68%
meaning that the final polyaluminumchlorosulfate has the formula below:
( )2.03cll.76(so4)o 06CaO 13NaO 6 EXAMPLE 7 (control) The polyaluminumchlorosulfate employed in this example is a product prepared according to the process used in the second preparation of FR 2 036 685. Its composition is, by weight:
2 3 ''' approx. 10.2%
Ca ................... " 0.47%
Cl ................... " 9.10%
S04 .,,,,,,,,,,,,, .. 2.30%
basicity ............. " 53.35%
Its formula is:
Al(OH)1 6Cl1 28(S4)0.12 0.06 Tests are carried out on the practical application of these products, providing the results given in the table.
Elimination of turbidity (residual NTU) is represen-tative of the effectiveness of floculation. The test is carried out using water from the river Seine at a pH of 8.50 to 8.69, at 21C. The results are given as percentage im-provement over the control (*).
The residual aluminum contents are expressed in ppb (,ug/l) as percentage improvement over the control (*).
Stability is estimated visually.
Elimination of Example turbidity * residual No. Basicity (residual NTU) Al * Stability 1 74.38 -24% -41%1 month at 45C
2 73.04 0 -71%1 month at 45C
3 60.7 +51.5% -27.5%1 day 4 74.6 + 7% -40%1 month at 45C
73.67 +54% -20% gelled 6 68.0 -32% -45%1 month at 45C
7 53.35 0 01 month at 45C
The results show that the product prepared in examples ` - 2089697 3 and 5, which are not part of the invention because of their too low basicity (example 3 - 65%) or a too low reaction temperature (example 5 - 40~C), are much less effective as regards their application properties listed in the table, and are less stable.
A polyaluminumchlorosulfate is prepared as follows.
Sulfuric acid is made to react with basic aluminum chloride, such as obtained in example 1, step a), at a temperature comprised between 60 and 120C, in order to obtain a suitable starting polyaluminumchlorosulfate. This latter is treated similarly to example 1, step b).
Its final composition is, by weight:
2 3 ''' '''''''' approx. 7.73%
Ca .................. approx. 0. 8%
Na .................. approx. 2.23%
Cl .................. approx. 9.4 S04 ................. env. 0. 86%
basicity ............ env. 67.7%
meaning that the final polyaluminumchlorosulfate has the formula below:
Al(OH)2,03 C~,7s ( 4)0,06 0,13 0,64 This aluminum salt is designated as S 23.
EXAMPLES 9, 10 et 11 The procedure in example 1 is repeated and, by adjust-ing the amounts of the starting compounds, one obtains the following polyaluminumchlorosulfates, referred to by their reference:
- ZPC l9C
. final composition by weight:
2 3 '''''''''''' approx. 10.3%
Ca .................. approx. 1.05%
Na .................. approx. 3.45%
Cl .................. approx. 12%
S04 ................. approx. 1.19%
basicity ............ approx. 74.5%
~ ~, .~ .
. formula:
Al(H)2 21C11 67(S4)0 06CaO 13NaO 74 . final composition by weight:
2 3 ''''''''''' approx. 9.02%
Ca .......... ........approx. 0.96%
Na .......... ........approx. 3.05%
Cl .......... ........approx. 10~
S04 ......... ........approx. 1.04%
basicity .... ........approx. 75.3%
. formula:
Al(OH)2 32C11 sg(S04)0.06Cao.l4 0.75 . final composition by weight:
A1203 ....... ........approx. 10.1%
Ca .......... ........approx. 1.07%
Na .......... ........approx. 3.35%
Cl .......... ........approx. 12%
S04 ......... ........approx. 1.21%
basicity .... ........approx. 73.7 . formula:
Al(OH)2 26C11 71(S4)0 06CaO 13NaO 73 An analysis is carried out, to determine the content of aluminum A113. The analysis is carried out using A127 NMR, i.e. by seeking acquisition parameters and determining the 90 pulse. The operating conditions are the following:
. Reference solution... AlC13 0.5M
. tuning: 9966.5 ........ probe tuning . matching: 970 ......... probe tuning . SF: 52.147 MHz ........ resonant frequency for Al . SW: 15625 Hz .......... observed frequency range corresponding to range 150 to -150 ppm on the basis of AlC13 (O ppm) . Ql: 1361 Hz ........... carrier frequency . SI = TD = 8K ........... FID and spectra size (in Kwords) . QN = AP ................ type of detection . PW = 11 ,us ............ pulse duration (PW 90 = 13) . RD = 1 s ............... interval between pulses The results are summarized in the table below.
EXAMPLE 12 (comparison) The product according to this example is a commercially available product, WAC HB~ PB (from Elf Atochem S.A.). Its composition is the following, by weight:
Al203 ............... .....approx. 8.48%
Ca .................. .....approx. 1.2%
Na .................. .....approx. 0.013%
Cl .................. .....approx. 6.1%
S04 ................. .....approx. 1.44%
basicité ............ .....approx. 71.7%
This product is the one which was the subject of a test, as depicted in Pouillot and al., p. 20-21. In this article, there is mention of the presence of the All3 form with strong dilution of the WAC HB~, i.e. a very low Al concentration. This article establishes the link between the presence of Al13 and the useful properties of this product.
This product WAC HB~ has a Al13 content of 3.4 mol% for an Al concentration of 0.012M, after a duration of ageing of 8 days. However, for Al concentrations of O.OlM without ageing and 0.06M, no trace of All3 can be detected.
Molar proportion of Al in All3 form as a function of Al concentration E~. Product Undlluted1/5 Dilution 1/10 Dilution 1/25 Dilution l/125 Dilution l.5M Al 0.3M Al O.lSM Al 0.06M Al 0.012M Al 8 S23 (1 month*) N.D. N.D. < 1% 1.4% 3.2%
~3 S23 (6 month~) N.D. < 1% 1.7% 1.6% 3.2X
9 ZPC l9C N.D. < 1%N.A. 2.2% N.A.
35lo zPc 203 N.D. < 1%1.1% 3.1% 3%
11 ZPC 21C N.D. N.A. N.A. 1.2% N.A.
N.A. = not analysed N.D. - not tetermined ~ ~ duration of ageing
Claims (20)
1.- High basicity water-soluble polyaluminumchlorosulfate, having the formula:
A1(OH)aC1b(SO4)cMdNe in which:
M is an alkaline-earth metal;
N is an alkaline metal;
a, b, c, d and e are numbers such that:
1.95<a<2.4;0<c<0.15;0<d<0.16;0<e<1.7;a+b+2c=3+2d+e;
said polyaluminumchlorosulfate yielding a content of polymeric aluminum A113 of at least 1 mol % where said polyaluminumchlorosulfate is dissolved in water to form a solution which has an aluminum concentration of 0,01M, and said polyaluminumchlorosulfate having a basicity higher than 65%.
A1(OH)aC1b(SO4)cMdNe in which:
M is an alkaline-earth metal;
N is an alkaline metal;
a, b, c, d and e are numbers such that:
1.95<a<2.4;0<c<0.15;0<d<0.16;0<e<1.7;a+b+2c=3+2d+e;
said polyaluminumchlorosulfate yielding a content of polymeric aluminum A113 of at least 1 mol % where said polyaluminumchlorosulfate is dissolved in water to form a solution which has an aluminum concentration of 0,01M, and said polyaluminumchlorosulfate having a basicity higher than 65%.
2.- Polyaluminumchlorosulfate according to claim 1, in which M is calcium.
3.- Polyaluminumchlorosulfate according to claim 1, in which N is sodium.
4.- Polyaluminumchlorosulfate according to claim 1, in which:
2.05<a<2.25;0.04<c<0.06;0.1<d<0.13;0.4<e<0.8.
2.05<a<2.25;0.04<c<0.06;0.1<d<0.13;0.4<e<0.8.
5.- Polyaluminumchlorosulfate according to claim 1, having a basicity higher than 67%.
6.- Polyaluminumchlorosulfate according to claim 5, having a basicity higher than 72%.
7.- Polyaluminumchlorosulfate according to claim 1, having a content of aluminum as A113 higher than 1 mol% for an A1 concentration of 0.06M.
8.- Polyaluminumchlorosulfate according to claim 1, having an A1 content as Al13 higher than 3 mol% for an A1 concentration of 0.01M.
9.- A process for preparing a high basicity water-soluble polyaluminum-chlorosulfate, having the formula:
A1(OH)aC1b(SO4)cMdNe in which:
M is an alkaline-earth metal;
N is an alkaline metal;
a, b, c, d and e are numbers such that:
1.95<a<2.4;0<c<0.15;0<d<0.16;0<e<1.7;a+b+2c=3+2d+e;
said polyaluminumchlorosulfate yielding a content of polymeric aluminum A113 of at least 1 mol % where said polyaluminumchlorosulfate is dissolved in water to form a solution which has an aluminum concentration of 0,01M, and said polyaluminum-chlorosulfate having a basicity higher than 65%, comprising reacting, at a temperature of 50 to 70 °C an alkaline-earth metal compound M and an alkaline metal compound N with a polyaluminumchlorosulfate of formula:
A1(OH)a,C1b,(SO4)c, in which:
1<a'<1.95; 0<c'<0.15;
a' + b' + 2c' = 3;
in the following proportion, calculated in molecular equivalents:
0<M/A1<0.16 and 0<N/A1<1.7.
A1(OH)aC1b(SO4)cMdNe in which:
M is an alkaline-earth metal;
N is an alkaline metal;
a, b, c, d and e are numbers such that:
1.95<a<2.4;0<c<0.15;0<d<0.16;0<e<1.7;a+b+2c=3+2d+e;
said polyaluminumchlorosulfate yielding a content of polymeric aluminum A113 of at least 1 mol % where said polyaluminumchlorosulfate is dissolved in water to form a solution which has an aluminum concentration of 0,01M, and said polyaluminum-chlorosulfate having a basicity higher than 65%, comprising reacting, at a temperature of 50 to 70 °C an alkaline-earth metal compound M and an alkaline metal compound N with a polyaluminumchlorosulfate of formula:
A1(OH)a,C1b,(SO4)c, in which:
1<a'<1.95; 0<c'<0.15;
a' + b' + 2c' = 3;
in the following proportion, calculated in molecular equivalents:
0<M/A1<0.16 and 0<N/A1<1.7.
10.- A process according to claim 7, in which the temperature is comprised between 60 and 65°C.
11.- A process according to claim 7, in which the alkaline-earth metal compound is a calcium compound.
12.- A process according to claim 11, in which the calcium compound is Ca(OH)2.
13.- A process according to claim 11, in which the calcium compound is CaCO3.
14.- A process according to claim 7, in which the alkaline metal is a sodium compound.
15.- A process according to claim 14, in which the sodium compound is Na2CO3.
16.- A process according to claim 7, in which:
1.1<a'<1.4;0.04<c'<0.06; and 0.1<M/A1<0.13 and 0.4<N/A1<0.8.
1.1<a'<1.4;0.04<c'<0.06; and 0.1<M/A1<0.13 and 0.4<N/A1<0.8.
17.- A process according to claim 7, in which the polyaluminumchlorosulfate of formula A1(OH)a,C1b,(SO4)c, is obtained by the process that comprises reacting basic aluminum chloride with basic aluminium sulfate, both previously heated, at a temperature comprised between 80 and 120°C, the relative proportions of the con-stituents being chosen whereby polyaluminumchlorosulfate of the abovementioned formula A1(OH)a,C1b,(SO4)c, is obtained.
18.- A process according to claim 7, in which the polyaluminumchlorosulfate of formula A1(OH)a,C1b,(SO4)c, is obtained by the process that comprises reacting basic aluminum chloride with sulfuric acid at a temperature comprised between 60and 120°C, the relative proportions of the constituents being chosen whereby poly-aluminumchlorosulfate of the formula A1(OH)a,C1b,(SO4)c, above is obtained.
19.- Use of the polyaluminumchlorosulfate according to claim 1, for the treat-ment of water intended for drinking and aqueous effluents.
20.- Use of the polyaluminumchlorosulfate according to claim 1, in the papermaking industry.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9201807 | 1992-02-18 | ||
| FR9201807A FR2687394B1 (en) | 1992-02-18 | 1992-02-18 | NOVEL ALUMINUM POLYCHLOROSULFATES, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR APPLICATIONS. |
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| CA2089697A1 CA2089697A1 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
| CA2089697C true CA2089697C (en) | 1997-05-27 |
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| JP (1) | JP2574735B2 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2734559B1 (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1997-08-14 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | NOVEL ALUMINUM POLYCHLORIDES OR POLYCHLOROSULFATES, THEIR PREPARATION PROCESS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS MEDIA |
| BR9610626A (en) * | 1995-09-18 | 1999-04-06 | Delta Chem Corp | Methods and compositions of aluminum polychlorides and aluminum polychlorosulfates |
| FR2745807B1 (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1998-04-24 | Atochem Elf Sa | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF BASIC ALUMINUM POLYCHLOROSULFATES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS |
| US5938970A (en) * | 1997-06-11 | 1999-08-17 | General Chemical Corporation | Polynucleate metal hydroxide compounds and method for their preparation |
| BR9805125A (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-05-30 | Bernardo Pozzoli | Preparation process of aluminum polychlorosulfates and their applications. |
| US20070092433A1 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2007-04-26 | Reheis, Inc. | Process for producing stable polyaluminum hydroxychloride and polyaluminum hydroxychlorosulfate aqueous solutions |
| US20080131354A1 (en) * | 2006-12-05 | 2008-06-05 | Reheis, Inc. | Polyaluminum calcium hydroxychlorides and methods of making the same |
| US8703104B2 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2014-04-22 | Ecolab Usa Inc | Use of metal astringents for the treatment of hairy heel warts |
| US20100061919A1 (en) * | 2008-09-10 | 2010-03-11 | Levi James Grove | Production of polyaluminum chloride from basic aluminum chloride and sodium aluminate via ultrasonic processing |
| CN101423273B (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2010-08-25 | 江苏大学 | Composite paramagnetic nano flocculant and preparation method thereof |
| US8974834B2 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2015-03-10 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Method for producing reservoir layer for hoof treatment and reservoir layer |
| CA2918265C (en) | 2013-07-17 | 2022-08-23 | Usalco, Llc | Stable salt-free polyaluminum chlorosulfates |
| US10450209B2 (en) | 2013-07-17 | 2019-10-22 | Usalco, Llc | Stable salt-free polyaluminum chlorosulfates |
| JP6277074B2 (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2018-02-07 | 水澤化学工業株式会社 | Sulfate radical-modified basic aluminum chloride aqueous solution and method for producing the same |
| WO2016134277A1 (en) | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-25 | Usalco, Llc | Stable concentrated polyaluminum chlorosilicate solutions |
| EP3437707B1 (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2022-07-06 | Kurita Water Industries Ltd. | Method for treating wet-coating-booth circulation water |
| JP6845195B2 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-03-17 | 朝日化学工業株式会社 | Highly basic aluminum chloride |
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| US2312198A (en) * | 1940-06-28 | 1943-02-23 | Research Corp | Coagulant and method of making same |
| BE790138A (en) * | 1972-10-16 | 1973-04-16 | Asada Chemical Ind Co Ltd | Basic aluminium salt - contg chloride and sulphate used as coagulant for water purification latex treatment and in paper |
| FR2317227A1 (en) * | 1975-07-10 | 1977-02-04 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUMINUM HYDROXYCHLORIDES |
| JPS52113384A (en) * | 1976-02-23 | 1977-09-22 | Toyo Soda Mfg Co Ltd | Production of inorganic flocculant |
| JPS531699A (en) * | 1976-06-28 | 1978-01-09 | Toyo Soda Mfg Co Ltd | Production of basic chlorinated aluminum salt |
| FR2534897A1 (en) * | 1982-10-26 | 1984-04-27 | Ugine Kuhlmann | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BASIC ALUMINUM CHLOROSULFATES |
| SE434504B (en) * | 1982-12-09 | 1984-07-30 | Boliden Ab | PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING POLYALUMINUM HYDROXIDE COMPLEX WITH SULPHATE OR CHLORIDE DANGE IN SOLID FORM |
| SE452148B (en) * | 1984-11-14 | 1987-11-16 | Olof Carlsson | WAY TO MAKE A FLOCKING AGENT |
| DE3675140D1 (en) * | 1985-07-12 | 1990-11-29 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | BASIC ALUMINUM CHLORINE SULFATE, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND ITS USE AS A COAGULATING AGENT. |
| US5246686A (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1993-09-21 | Atochem | Basic aluminum chlorosulfate flocculating agents |
| FR2626567B1 (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1991-09-27 | Atochem | BASIC ALUMINUM CHLOROSULFATE, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, USE THEREOF AS FLOCCULATING AGENT |
| US4858853A (en) * | 1988-02-17 | 1989-08-22 | The Boeing Company | Bolted repair for curved surfaces |
| US5069893A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1991-12-03 | Handy Chemicals Limited | Polymeric basic aluminum silicate-sulphate |
| IT1229503B (en) * | 1989-01-25 | 1991-09-03 | Caffaro Spa Ind Chim | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF BASIC ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS. |
| US5124139A (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1992-06-23 | Rhone-Poulenc Inc. | Method for preparing basic aluminum chlorosulfate |
-
1992
- 1992-02-18 FR FR9201807A patent/FR2687394B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-02-05 EP EP93400295A patent/EP0557153B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-05 ES ES93400295T patent/ES2100482T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-05 DE DE69310237T patent/DE69310237T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-05 AT AT93400295T patent/ATE152431T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-05 DK DK93400295.7T patent/DK0557153T3/en active
- 1993-02-17 NO NO930560A patent/NO306251B1/en unknown
- 1993-02-17 CN CN93103100A patent/CN1033447C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-17 FI FI930699A patent/FI102605B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-02-17 AU AU33078/93A patent/AU645451B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-02-17 CA CA002089697A patent/CA2089697C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-18 US US08/018,959 patent/US5348721A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-18 KR KR1019930002270A patent/KR950014212B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-18 JP JP5052947A patent/JP2574735B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-06-30 GR GR970401581T patent/GR3023933T3/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI930699A (en) | 1993-08-19 |
| FR2687394B1 (en) | 1994-03-25 |
| DE69310237T2 (en) | 1997-11-20 |
| KR950014212B1 (en) | 1995-11-23 |
| US5348721A (en) | 1994-09-20 |
| AU3307893A (en) | 1993-09-16 |
| FI930699A0 (en) | 1993-02-17 |
| ES2100482T3 (en) | 1997-06-16 |
| CN1033447C (en) | 1996-12-04 |
| FR2687394A1 (en) | 1993-08-20 |
| EP0557153B1 (en) | 1997-05-02 |
| JP2574735B2 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
| JPH0616416A (en) | 1994-01-25 |
| CA2089697A1 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
| KR930017816A (en) | 1993-09-20 |
| ATE152431T1 (en) | 1997-05-15 |
| GR3023933T3 (en) | 1997-09-30 |
| NO306251B1 (en) | 1999-10-11 |
| CN1076429A (en) | 1993-09-22 |
| NO930560D0 (en) | 1993-02-17 |
| EP0557153A1 (en) | 1993-08-25 |
| DE69310237D1 (en) | 1997-06-05 |
| NO930560L (en) | 1993-08-19 |
| FI102605B1 (en) | 1999-01-15 |
| FI102605B (en) | 1999-01-15 |
| AU645451B2 (en) | 1994-01-13 |
| DK0557153T3 (en) | 1997-06-02 |
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