CA2094511A1 - Analogs of botanic seed - Google Patents
Analogs of botanic seedInfo
- Publication number
- CA2094511A1 CA2094511A1 CA002094511A CA2094511A CA2094511A1 CA 2094511 A1 CA2094511 A1 CA 2094511A1 CA 002094511 A CA002094511 A CA 002094511A CA 2094511 A CA2094511 A CA 2094511A CA 2094511 A1 CA2094511 A1 CA 2094511A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gel
- analog
- recited
- oxygen
- seed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/005—Methods for micropropagation; Vegetative plant propagation using cell or tissue culture techniques
- A01H4/006—Encapsulated embryos for plant reproduction, e.g. artificial seeds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S47/00—Plant husbandry
- Y10S47/09—Physical and chemical treatment of seeds for planting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S47/00—Plant husbandry
- Y10S47/11—The application of protective coatings to plants
Abstract
Analogs of botanic seed are disclosed.
According to one embodiment, a seed analog comprises a unit of totipotent plant tissue disposed relative to a unit of non-phytotoxic hydrated gel that is "oxygenated,"
i.e., has a concentration of molecular oxygen that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbed from the atmosphere by the hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure. Gel oxygenation can be by exposure to a gas having an enriched concentration of molecular oxygen relative to the earth's atmosphere or by including in the hydrated gel an oxygen-carrying or oxygen-absorbing compound such as a perfluorocarbon and/or silicone oil. An outer shell can be included that, with the hydrated gel, forms a capsule enclosing the unit of totipotent plant tissue. According to another embodiment, the seed analog includes a shoot restraint that is resistant to penetration by a growing shoot and/or cotyledons. In such seed analogs, the unit of totipotent plant tissue has a shoot end, and the restraint is disposed relative to the shoot so as to prevent, during germination of the totipotent plant tissue, entrapment of the shoot end in the seed analog.
Also disclosed are corresponding methods for germinating totipotent plant tissue and for manufacturing seed analogs, all of which especially are useful for producing large numbers of genetically identical plants.
According to one embodiment, a seed analog comprises a unit of totipotent plant tissue disposed relative to a unit of non-phytotoxic hydrated gel that is "oxygenated,"
i.e., has a concentration of molecular oxygen that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbed from the atmosphere by the hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure. Gel oxygenation can be by exposure to a gas having an enriched concentration of molecular oxygen relative to the earth's atmosphere or by including in the hydrated gel an oxygen-carrying or oxygen-absorbing compound such as a perfluorocarbon and/or silicone oil. An outer shell can be included that, with the hydrated gel, forms a capsule enclosing the unit of totipotent plant tissue. According to another embodiment, the seed analog includes a shoot restraint that is resistant to penetration by a growing shoot and/or cotyledons. In such seed analogs, the unit of totipotent plant tissue has a shoot end, and the restraint is disposed relative to the shoot so as to prevent, during germination of the totipotent plant tissue, entrapment of the shoot end in the seed analog.
Also disclosed are corresponding methods for germinating totipotent plant tissue and for manufacturing seed analogs, all of which especially are useful for producing large numbers of genetically identical plants.
Claims (65)
1. An analog of a botanic seed comprising totipotent plant tissue encapsulated in a non-phytotoxic hydrated gel having a concentration of molecular oxygen in the gel that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbed from the atmosphere by molecules of said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure.
2. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 1 wherein the totipotent plant tissue is a plant embryo.
3. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 2 wherein the plant embryo includes a radicle and the gel has a concentration of dissolved oxygen sufficient to support elongation of the radicle out of the gel.
4. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 1 wherein the gel includes plant nutrients.
5. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 1 wherein the gel comprises complexed sodium alginate.
6. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 5 wherein the sodium alginate is present at a concentration within a range of about 0.5% w/v to about 2.5% w/v.
7. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 1 wherein the gel comprises agar.
8. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 7 wherein agar is present in the gel at a concentration within a range of about 0.5% w/v to about 2.5% w/v.
9. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 1 wherein the gel includes an oxygen carrier compound.
10. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 10 wherein the oxygen carrier compound comprises a perfluorocarbon.
11. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 10 wherein the perfluorocarbon is selected from a group consisting of perfluorobutyltetrahydrofuran, perfluorodecalin, and perfluorotributylamine.
12. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 10 wherein the perfluorocarbon is present in the gel at a concentration up to about 15% w/v.
13. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 9 wherein the oxygen carrier compound is a silicone oil.
14. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 1 including a rigid shell in surrounding relationship to the gel.
15. An analog of a botanic seed comprising:
a unit of plant embryonic tissue; and a non-phytotoxic hydrated gel in surrounding relationship to the unit of plant embryonic tissue, the hydrated gel including an oxygen-carrying compound and plant nutrients, the oxygen-carrying compound conferring on the hydrated gel an ability to absorb a greater amount of molecular oxygen from the atmosphere than would otherwise be absorbable by the hydrated gel, lacking the oxygen-absorbing compound, from the atmosphere at standard temperature and pressure.
a unit of plant embryonic tissue; and a non-phytotoxic hydrated gel in surrounding relationship to the unit of plant embryonic tissue, the hydrated gel including an oxygen-carrying compound and plant nutrients, the oxygen-carrying compound conferring on the hydrated gel an ability to absorb a greater amount of molecular oxygen from the atmosphere than would otherwise be absorbable by the hydrated gel, lacking the oxygen-absorbing compound, from the atmosphere at standard temperature and pressure.
16. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 15 wherein the oxygen-absorbing compound is selected from a group consisting of perfluorocarbons and silicone oils.
17. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 16 wherein the oxygen-absorbing compound is an emulsion of a perfluorocarbon.
18. An analog of a botanic seed comprising:
a unit of plant embryonic tissue;
a non-phytotoxic hydrated oxygenated gel in surrounding relationship to the unit of plant embryonic tissue, the hydrated gel including an oxygen-carrying compound and plant nutrients, the oxygen-carrying compound conferring on the hydrated gel an ability to absorb a greater amount of molecular oxygen from the atmosphere than would otherwise be absorbable by the hydrated gel, lacking the oxygen-absorbing compound, from the atmosphere at standard temperature and pressure; and an outer shell in surrounding relationship to the hydrated gel.
a unit of plant embryonic tissue;
a non-phytotoxic hydrated oxygenated gel in surrounding relationship to the unit of plant embryonic tissue, the hydrated gel including an oxygen-carrying compound and plant nutrients, the oxygen-carrying compound conferring on the hydrated gel an ability to absorb a greater amount of molecular oxygen from the atmosphere than would otherwise be absorbable by the hydrated gel, lacking the oxygen-absorbing compound, from the atmosphere at standard temperature and pressure; and an outer shell in surrounding relationship to the hydrated gel.
19. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 18 wherein the outer shell comprises a material selected from a group consisting of cellulosic materials, glass, plastic materials, cured polymeric resins, waxes and combinations thereof.
20. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 18 wherein the outer shell comprises a rigid inner layer surrounding the hydrated gel and a polymeric outer layer surrounding the inner layer, where the polymeric outer layer has a high dry strength and a low wet strength.
21. An analog of a botanic seed comprising:
a unit of plant embryonic tissue;
a non-phytotoxic hydrated oxygenated gel contacting the unit of plant embryonic tissue, the hydrated gel having a concentration of molecular oxygen in the gel that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbed from the atmosphere by molecules of said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure; and a rigid shell in surrounding relationship to the unit of plant embryonic tissue and the mass of hydrated oxygenated gel.
a unit of plant embryonic tissue;
a non-phytotoxic hydrated oxygenated gel contacting the unit of plant embryonic tissue, the hydrated gel having a concentration of molecular oxygen in the gel that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbed from the atmosphere by molecules of said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure; and a rigid shell in surrounding relationship to the unit of plant embryonic tissue and the mass of hydrated oxygenated gel.
22. An analog of a botanic seed comprising:
a plant embryo; and a non-phytotoxic hydrated gel encapsulating the plant embryo, hydrated gel including a surfactant dissolved therein and emulsified droplets of an oxygen-carrying compound suspended therein, the oxygen-carrying compound conferring on the hydrated gel an ability to absorb a greater amount of molecular oxygen from the atmosphere than would otherwise be absorbable by the hydrated gel, tacking the oxygen-absorbing compound, from the atmosphere at standard temperature and pressure.
a plant embryo; and a non-phytotoxic hydrated gel encapsulating the plant embryo, hydrated gel including a surfactant dissolved therein and emulsified droplets of an oxygen-carrying compound suspended therein, the oxygen-carrying compound conferring on the hydrated gel an ability to absorb a greater amount of molecular oxygen from the atmosphere than would otherwise be absorbable by the hydrated gel, tacking the oxygen-absorbing compound, from the atmosphere at standard temperature and pressure.
23. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 22 wherein the gel includes plant nutrients.
24. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 22 including a rigid shell in surrounding relationship to the gel.
25. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 24 further comprising a supply of plant nutrients contacting the gel, where the shell is in surrounding relationship to both the gel and the supply of plant nutrients.
26. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 25 wherein the shell comprises a water-impermeable inner layer contacting the gel and a hydrophilic polymeric outer layer surrounding the inner layer.
27. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 24 wherein the shell has a tapered first end and a second end opposite the first end, and the plant embryo has a radicle and a shoot opposite the radicle, wherein the radicle is oriented toward the first end and the shoot is oriented toward the second end.
28. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 27 wherein the first end of the shell is weaker than the second end against an outwardly protrusive force so as to allow the radicle to grow preferentially from the gel through the first end when the embryo is germinating.
29. A method for manufacturing an analog of a botanic seed comprising:
providing a non-phytotoxic hydrated gel in an uncured state;
incorporating molecular oxygen in the gel at a concentration that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbable from the atmosphere by molecules of said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure;
encapsulating a unit of totipotent plant tissue in the gel; and curing the gel.
providing a non-phytotoxic hydrated gel in an uncured state;
incorporating molecular oxygen in the gel at a concentration that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbable from the atmosphere by molecules of said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure;
encapsulating a unit of totipotent plant tissue in the gel; and curing the gel.
30. A method as recited in claim 29 wherein the step of incorporating oxygen in the gel comprises passing oxygen gas through the gel.
31. A method as recited in claim 29 wherein the step of incorporating oxygen in the gel comprises adding an oxygen carrier substance to the gel before curing the gel.
32. A method as recited in claim 31 wherein the step of adding an oxygen carrier substance to the gel comprises emulsifying the oxygen carrier in water in the presence of a surfactant to form a suitable stabilized aqueous emulsion of the oxygen carrier, and adding the emulsion to the gel.
33. An analog of a botanic seed comprising:
(a) totipotent plant tissue having a cotyledon end;
(b) cotyledon-restraint means contacting and enclosing at least the cotyledon end; said cotyledon-restraint means being resistant to penetration by cotyledons growing from within said cotyledon restraint means without preventing gases and liquids from passing through said cotyledon-restraint means to the totipotent plant tissue; and (c) a non-phytotoxic hydrated gel in surrounding relationship to the totipotent plant tissue and cotyledon-restraint means.
(a) totipotent plant tissue having a cotyledon end;
(b) cotyledon-restraint means contacting and enclosing at least the cotyledon end; said cotyledon-restraint means being resistant to penetration by cotyledons growing from within said cotyledon restraint means without preventing gases and liquids from passing through said cotyledon-restraint means to the totipotent plant tissue; and (c) a non-phytotoxic hydrated gel in surrounding relationship to the totipotent plant tissue and cotyledon-restraint means.
34. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 33 wherein said cotyledon-restraint means comprises a porous tube longitudinally enclosing the totipotent plant tissue, the porous tube having a closed end wherein the cotyledon end of the plant tissue is oriented in the porous tube toward the closed end.
35. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 34 wherein the porous tube further comprises an open end opposite the closed end and wherein the gel is in surrounding relationship to the porous tube except for the open end.
36. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 35 further comprising an outer shell in surrounding relationship to the hydrated gel.
37. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 33 wherein said cotyledon-restraint means comprises a porous substance conformably surrounding at least the cotyledon end of the plant tissue.
38. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 33 wherein the hydrated gel is oxygenated.
39. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 38 wherein the hydrated gel includes an oxygen-carrying compound.
40. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 39 wherein the hydrated gel includes an emulsion of an oxygen-carrying compound selected from a group consisting of perfluorocarbon compounds and silicone oils.
41. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 38 further comprising an outer shell in surrounding relationship to the hydrated oxygenated gel.
42. An analog of botanic seed comprising:
(a) a plant embryo having a cotyledon end and an opposing radicle;
(b) cotyledon-restraint means contacting and enclosing at least the cotyledon end of the embryo, said cotyledon-restraint means being resistant to penetration by cotyledons growing from within said cotyledon restraint means without preventing gases and liquids from passing through said cotyledon-restraint means to the embryo; and c) a non-phytotoxic hydrated gel in surrounding relationship to the embryo and cotyledon-restraint means, the hydrated gel having a concentration of molecular oxygen in the gel that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbed from the atmosphere by molecules of said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure.
(a) a plant embryo having a cotyledon end and an opposing radicle;
(b) cotyledon-restraint means contacting and enclosing at least the cotyledon end of the embryo, said cotyledon-restraint means being resistant to penetration by cotyledons growing from within said cotyledon restraint means without preventing gases and liquids from passing through said cotyledon-restraint means to the embryo; and c) a non-phytotoxic hydrated gel in surrounding relationship to the embryo and cotyledon-restraint means, the hydrated gel having a concentration of molecular oxygen in the gel that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbed from the atmosphere by molecules of said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure.
43. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 42 wherein said cotyledon-restraint means comprises a porous tube longitudinally enclosing the embryo, the porous tube having a closed end toward which the cotyledon end of the embryo inside the tube is oriented and an opposing open end toward which the radicle of the embryo inside the tube is oriented.
44. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 43 wherein the hydrated oxygenated gel is in coaxial surrounding relationship to the embryo and porous tube but does not cover the open end of the porous tube.
45. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 44 further comprising an outer shell in surrounding relationship to the gel.
46. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 44 wherein the gel is in the form of a capsule having a cylindrical longitudinal surface, a first end toward which the closed end of the porous tube is oriented, and a second end, the analog further comprising an outer shell conforming to and covering the longitudinal surface and first end of the gel capsule.
47. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 46 further comprising a primary end seal covering the second end of the gel capsule but not the open end of the porous tube.
48. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 47 further comprising a secondary end seal covering the open end of the porous tube.
49. A method for germinating a unit of totipotent plant tissue comprising:
(a) placing a unit of totipotent plant tissue in contact with a unit of non-phytotoxic hydrated gel so as to form a seed analog, the hydrated gel having a concentration of molecular oxygen in the gel that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbed from the atmosphere by molecules of said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure; and (b) incubating the seed analog under environmental conditions conducive to plant growth so as to cause the totipotent plant tissue to grow and develop into a germinant.
(a) placing a unit of totipotent plant tissue in contact with a unit of non-phytotoxic hydrated gel so as to form a seed analog, the hydrated gel having a concentration of molecular oxygen in the gel that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbed from the atmosphere by molecules of said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure; and (b) incubating the seed analog under environmental conditions conducive to plant growth so as to cause the totipotent plant tissue to grow and develop into a germinant.
50. A method as recited in claim 49 wherein step (a) comprises encapsulating the unit of totipotent plant tissue in said unit of hydrated oxygenated gel.
51. A method as recited in claim 50 including the step, after step (a) but before step (b), of encapsulating the unit of hydrated oxygenated gel in an outer shell.
52. A method as recited in claim 50 wherein the unit of totipotent plant tissue comprises a plant embryo with a cotyledon end and step (a) comprises the steps of:
enclosing at least the cotyledon end in a porous material resistant to penetration by growing cotyledons;
and encapsulating the embryo and porous material in said unit of hydrated oxygenated gel.
enclosing at least the cotyledon end in a porous material resistant to penetration by growing cotyledons;
and encapsulating the embryo and porous material in said unit of hydrated oxygenated gel.
53. A method for germinating a unit of totipotent plant tissue comprising:
(a) placing a unit of totipotent plant tissue in contact with a unit of non-phytotoxic hydrated gel so as to form a seed analog;
(b) increasing the concentration of molecular oxygen in the seed analog to a level that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbed from the atmosphere by molecules of said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure; and (c) incubating the seed analog under environmental conditions conducive to plant growth so as to cause the totipotent plant tissue to grow and develop into a germinant.
(a) placing a unit of totipotent plant tissue in contact with a unit of non-phytotoxic hydrated gel so as to form a seed analog;
(b) increasing the concentration of molecular oxygen in the seed analog to a level that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbed from the atmosphere by molecules of said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure; and (c) incubating the seed analog under environmental conditions conducive to plant growth so as to cause the totipotent plant tissue to grow and develop into a germinant.
54. A method as recited in claim 53 wherein step (b) comprises exposing the seed analog to an atmosphere having a concentration of oxygen greater than atmospheric oxygen at standard temperature and pressure.
55. A method as recited in claim 54 wherein said atmosphere is substantially saturated with water vapor.
56. A method for germinating a unit of totipotent plant tissue comprising:
(a) preparing a non-phytotoxic hydrated gel that comprises an oxygen-carrying compound that confers on the hydrated gel an ability to absorb a greater amount of molecular oxygen from the atmosphere than would otherwise be absorbable by the hydrated gel, lacking the oxygen-absorbing compound, from the atmosphere at standard temperature and pressure;
(b) placing a unit of totipotent plant tissue in contact with a unit of the hydrated gel so as to form a seed analog; and (c) incubating the seed analog under environmental conditions conducive to plant growth so as to cause the totipotent plant tissue to grow and develop into a germinant.
(a) preparing a non-phytotoxic hydrated gel that comprises an oxygen-carrying compound that confers on the hydrated gel an ability to absorb a greater amount of molecular oxygen from the atmosphere than would otherwise be absorbable by the hydrated gel, lacking the oxygen-absorbing compound, from the atmosphere at standard temperature and pressure;
(b) placing a unit of totipotent plant tissue in contact with a unit of the hydrated gel so as to form a seed analog; and (c) incubating the seed analog under environmental conditions conducive to plant growth so as to cause the totipotent plant tissue to grow and develop into a germinant.
57. A method as recited in claim 56 wherein step (a) comprises:
adding an oxygen-carrying substance to an aqueous gel solution to produce a liquid gel mixture; and curing the gel mixture.
adding an oxygen-carrying substance to an aqueous gel solution to produce a liquid gel mixture; and curing the gel mixture.
58. A method as recited in claim 57 wherein adding an oxygen-carrying substance to the gel solution comprises adding a perfluorocarbon emulsion to the gel solution.
59. A method as recited in claim 57 wherein adding an oxygen-carrying substance to the gel solution comprises adding a silicone oil emulsion to the gel solution.
60. A method as recited in claim 56 wherein step (a) comprises adding an oxygen-carrying substance to an aqueous gel solution to produce a liquid gel mixture, and step (b) comprises covering at least a portion of the totipotent plant tissue with a volume of the liquid gel mixture, then curing the gel mixture.
61. A method as recited in claim 56 wherein the unit of totipotent plant tissue comprises a plant embryo with a cotyledon end and the method further comprises the step, before step (b), of:
enclosing at least the cotyledon end in a porous material; and encapsulating the embryo and porous material in said unit of hydrated gel.
enclosing at least the cotyledon end in a porous material; and encapsulating the embryo and porous material in said unit of hydrated gel.
62. A method for germinating a plant embryo having a cotyledon end, the method comprising:
(a) enclosing at least the cotyledon end in a porous material resistant to penetration by growing cotyledons;
(b) encapsulating the embryo and porous material in a hydrated gel; and (c) incubating the seed analog under environmental conditions conducive to plant growth so as to cause the totipotent plant tissue to grow and develop into a germinant.
(a) enclosing at least the cotyledon end in a porous material resistant to penetration by growing cotyledons;
(b) encapsulating the embryo and porous material in a hydrated gel; and (c) incubating the seed analog under environmental conditions conducive to plant growth so as to cause the totipotent plant tissue to grow and develop into a germinant.
63. A method as recited in claim 62 including the step of oxygenating the gel before step (c).
64. An apparatus for oxygenating hydrated gel-containing seed analogs, the apparatus comprising:
a seed-analog holder for holding seed analogs;
a sealable vessel for containing the seed-analog holder and seed analogs;
means for introducing oxygen gas into the vessel to expose the seed analogs to the oxygen; and means for saturating the oxygen gas, to which the seed analogs are exposed, with water vapor to prevent the oxygen gas from desiccating the seed analogs.
a seed-analog holder for holding seed analogs;
a sealable vessel for containing the seed-analog holder and seed analogs;
means for introducing oxygen gas into the vessel to expose the seed analogs to the oxygen; and means for saturating the oxygen gas, to which the seed analogs are exposed, with water vapor to prevent the oxygen gas from desiccating the seed analogs.
65. An analog of botanic seed, comprising totipotent plant tissue encapsulated in a non-phytotoxic hydrated gel including a gel-oxygenating substance, wherein the gel-oxygenating substance is selected from a group consisting of (a) oxygen-carrier compounds commingled with the hydrated gel so as to confer on the hydrated gel an ability to absorb a greater amount of molecular oxygen from the atmosphere than would otherwise be absorbable by the hydrated gel, lacking the oxygen-carrier compound, from the atmosphere at standard temperature and pressure;
and (b) molecular oxygen absorbed in the hydrated gel at a concentration that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be present in the gel solely by absorption of the oxygen from the atmosphere by said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure.
and (b) molecular oxygen absorbed in the hydrated gel at a concentration that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be present in the gel solely by absorption of the oxygen from the atmosphere by said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US604,656 | 1990-10-26 | ||
| US07/604,656 US5236469A (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1990-10-26 | Oxygenated analogs of botanic seed |
| US781,773 | 1991-10-23 | ||
| US07/781,773 US5427593A (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1991-10-23 | Analogs of botanic seed |
| PCT/US1991/007997 WO1992007457A1 (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1991-10-24 | Analogs of botanic seed |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002161814A Division CA2161814C (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1991-10-24 | Analogs of botanic seed |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2094511A1 true CA2094511A1 (en) | 1992-04-27 |
| CA2094511C CA2094511C (en) | 2011-03-15 |
Family
ID=27084710
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2094511A Expired - Lifetime CA2094511C (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1991-10-24 | Analogs of botanic seed |
| CA002161814A Expired - Lifetime CA2161814C (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1991-10-24 | Analogs of botanic seed |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002161814A Expired - Lifetime CA2161814C (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1991-10-24 | Analogs of botanic seed |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (6) | US5427593A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0607140B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06502535A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE177897T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU675900B2 (en) |
| CA (2) | CA2094511C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69131052D1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI110870B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE62825B1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ240397A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992007457A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5427593A (en) * | 1990-10-26 | 1995-06-27 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Analogs of botanic seed |
| FR2670082B1 (en) * | 1990-12-10 | 1995-03-24 | Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie | ARTIFICIAL SEEDS. |
| US6340594B1 (en) | 1991-12-19 | 2002-01-22 | Cellfor, Inc. | Production of desiccation-tolerant gymnosperm embryos |
| AU679435B2 (en) | 1991-12-19 | 1997-07-03 | University Of Saskatchewan | Maturation, desiccation and encapsulation of gymnosperm somatic embryos |
| NZ255823A (en) * | 1992-04-08 | 1996-08-27 | Weyerhaeuser Co | Method of orienting plant embryos such that a specified end is always oriented in a specific direction; separation of conifer somatic embryos |
| FR2704555B1 (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1995-06-09 | Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie | COATED MERISTEMATIC FABRICS. |
| US5572827A (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1996-11-12 | Ball Horticultural Company | Method for applying hydrogel coatings to embryonic plants |
| AU3585497A (en) | 1996-06-27 | 1998-01-14 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Fluid switch |
| DE19631320A1 (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1998-02-05 | Bayer Ag | Biological material embedded in hydrogels, a process for embedding them and their use as artificial seeds |
| US5737872A (en) * | 1996-08-07 | 1998-04-14 | National Research Council Of Canada | Formulation for synthetic seed |
| US5771632A (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 1998-06-30 | Liu; Sijiu | Artificial seed with a powder structure for anti-contamination |
| US5794550A (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 1998-08-18 | Chadwick; Galen John | Implantation of a fixed water/nutrient gel |
| US6119395A (en) * | 1997-02-03 | 2000-09-19 | Weyerhaeuser Company | End seals for manufacturing seed |
| US6521452B1 (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 2003-02-18 | Layla Zakaria Abdelrahman | Sugar cane production |
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- 1991-10-24 WO PCT/US1991/007997 patent/WO1992007457A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-10-24 JP JP4500850A patent/JPH06502535A/en active Pending
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- 1991-10-24 CA CA2094511A patent/CA2094511C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-24 AT AT92902281T patent/ATE177897T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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1995
- 1995-03-31 US US08/414,021 patent/US5687504A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-18 US US08/423,965 patent/US5564224A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-15 AU AU20038/95A patent/AU675900B2/en not_active Expired
- 1995-06-07 US US08/487,600 patent/US5666762A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1995-06-07 US US08/485,986 patent/US5701699A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| ATE177897T1 (en) | 1999-04-15 |
| NZ240397A (en) | 1993-06-25 |
| US5427593A (en) | 1995-06-27 |
| CA2161814A1 (en) | 1992-04-27 |
| CA2161814C (en) | 1998-04-21 |
| EP0607140B1 (en) | 1999-03-24 |
| DE69131052D1 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
| US5687504A (en) | 1997-11-18 |
| EP0607140A1 (en) | 1994-07-27 |
| IE913770A1 (en) | 1992-05-22 |
| EP0607140A4 (en) | 1993-10-21 |
| JPH06502535A (en) | 1994-03-24 |
| AU2003895A (en) | 1995-12-07 |
| FI110870B (en) | 2003-04-15 |
| AU656749B2 (en) | 1995-02-16 |
| WO1992007457A1 (en) | 1992-05-14 |
| FI931844A0 (en) | 1993-04-23 |
| FI931844A (en) | 1993-04-23 |
| US5732505A (en) | 1998-03-31 |
| AU675900B2 (en) | 1997-02-20 |
| AU8943591A (en) | 1992-05-26 |
| US5701699A (en) | 1997-12-30 |
| US5564224A (en) | 1996-10-15 |
| IE62825B1 (en) | 1995-03-08 |
| US5666762A (en) | 1997-09-16 |
| CA2094511C (en) | 2011-03-15 |
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